CHAPTER 19
Electrical Plans
I
N
T
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
The electrical plans display all of the circuits and systems
to be used by the electrical contractor during installation.
Electrical installation for new construction occurs in these
three phases:
●
Temporary. The installation of a temporary underground or
overhead electrical service near the construction site and
close to the final meter location provides electricity during
construction.
●
Rough-in electrical. Also known as simply “rough-in” or prewiring, this is when the electrical boxes and wiring are
installed. Rough-in happens after the structure is framed and
covered with roofing. The electrical meter and permanent
service can also be installed at this time.
●
Finish electrical. This is when the light fixtures, outlets and
covers, and appliances are installed prior to occupancy. Finish
electrical is one of the last construction phases.
Electrical plans can be placed on the floor plan with
all the other symbols, information, and dimensions as
discussed in Chapter 16 through Chapter 18. This is
a common practice on simple floor plans where the
addition of the electrical symbols does not overcomplicate the drawing. Another option is to draw electrical
plans on a separate sheet that displays the floor plan
walls and key symbols, such as doors, windows, stairs,
fireplaces, cabinets, and room labels. This chapter takes
the second approach but provides a discussion on how
both methods are used.
ELECTRICAL TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
A number of terms are unique to electrical applications. It is important to be familiar with key electrical
terminology to help you understand this chapter and
communicate effectively. The following are terms that
are commonly associated with electricity and electrical
construction:
Ampere: A measurement of electrical current flow.
Referred to by its abbreviation amp or amps.
Box: A box equipped with clamps, used to terminate a conduit. Also known as an electrical box or
outlet box. Connections are made in the box, and a
variety of covers are available for finish electrical. A
premanufactured box or casing is installed during
electrical rough-in to house the switches, outlets,
and fixture mounting (see Figure 19-1 and Electrical
work below).
Breaker: An electric safety switch that automatically
opens a circuit when excessive amperage occurs.
Also referred to as a circuit breaker.
Circuit: The various conductors, connections, and
devices found in the path of electrical flow from the
source through the components and back to the
source.
Conductor: A material that permits the free motion
of electricity. Copper is a common conductor in
architectural wiring.
Conduit: A metal or fiber pipe or tube used to enclose
one or more electrical conductors.
CADD APPLICATIONS
CADD provides an excellent tool for creating electrical
plans after the floor plans are drawn. Unneeded floor
plan layers are turned off or frozen with electrical layers
turned on to create the electrical plan. It is easy to create
a separate drawing from the key elements of the base
drawing in this manner. ■
431
432
Architectural Drafting and Design
STUD
electrical system. The installation of the wiring is
referred to as the rough-in. Rough-in takes place
after the framing is completed and the structure
is dried-in. Dried-in refers to installing the roof
or otherwise making the building dry. The light
fixtures, outlets, and all other final electrical work
are done when the construction is nearly complete. This is referred to as the finish electrical.
Temporary, rough-in, and finish electrical make
up the electrical work.
WIRE
OUTLET
BOX
BOTTOM
PLATE
Ground: An electrical connection to the earth by
means of a rod.
A
Junction box: A box that protects electrical wiring
splices in conductors or joints in runs. The box has a
removable cover for easy access (see Figure 19-1).
JOIST OR RAFTER
(STUD IF WALL
MOUNTED)
Lighting outlet: An electrical outlet that is intended
for the direct connection of a lighting fixture (see
Figure 19-1).
WIRE
Meter: An instrument used to measure electrical
quantities. The electrical meter for a building is
where the power enters and is monitored for the
electrical utility.
Meter base: The mounting base on which the electrical meter is attached. It contains all of the connections and clamps.
OUTLET
BOX
B
Switch leg: The electrical conductor from a switch to
the electrical device being controlled.
COVER
JOIST OR RAFTER
(STUD IF WALL
MOUNTED)
JUNCTION
BOX
WIRE
C
Outlet: An electrical connector used to plug in
devices. A duplex outlet, with two outlets, is the
typical wall plug.
CONNECTION
FASTENER
FIGURE 191 Installation of outlets and junction box.
(A) Outlet box. (B) Lighting outlet. (C ) Junction box.
Temporary electric service: This service is provided
during construction and is used for construction
electricity purposes. This service is installed on a
temporary pole, which is placed near the permanent power pole or transformer. The temporary
service has a meter base and meter, and usually two
20-ampere, 120-VAC, grounded, duplex outlets and
one 50-ampere, four-wire, single phase, 240-VAC
(208-VAC at some locations) outlet mounted in a
weatherproof enclosure.
Volt: The unit of measure for electrical force.
Watt: A unit measure of power.
Distribution panel: Where the conductor from
the meter base is connected to individual circuit
breakers, which are connected to separate circuits
for distribution to various locations throughout
the structure. Also known as a panel.
Electrical work: The installation of the wiring and
fixtures for a complete residential or commercial
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT DESIGN
Due to the number of electrical appliances that make
modern living enjoyable, the design of the electrical
circuits in a home is important. Discuss with the
client any anticipated needs for electric energy in
Chapter 19: Electrical Plans
the home. Such a discussion includes the intended
use of each of the rooms and the potential placement
of furniture in them. Try to design the electrical
circuits so there are enough outlets and switches at
convenient locations. Electrical code requirements
state the size of some circuits and the placement of
certain outlets and switches within the home. Refer
to Chapter 9.
In addition to convenience and code requirements,
you should consider cost. A client may want outlets
4' (1220 mm) apart in each room, but the construction budget may not allow for such a luxury. Try to
establish budget guidelines and then work closely with
the client to achieve desired results beyond minimum
code requirements. Although switches, convenience
outlets, and electrical wire and boxes may not seem
to cost very much individually, their installation in
great quantity can be costly. In addition, attractive and
useful light fixtures required in most rooms can also
be very expensive.
BASIC ELECTRICAL DESIGN
RECOMMENDATIONS
Electrical systems should be designed for convenience
of use and to meet minimum code requirements.
Common codes and convenience applications to consider when designing electrical circuits are described in
the following:
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Duplex convenience outlets should be a maximum
of 12' (3657 mm) apart. Closer spacing is desirable,
although economy is a factor. Duplex convenience
outlets, also called duplex outlets or outlets, are a
standard electrical outlet with two plug receptacles.
Duplex outlets should be no more than 6' (1820 mm)
from an opening.
Each wall over 2' (610 mm) in length must have an
outlet.
Consider furniture layout, if possible, so duplex outlets do not become inaccessible behind large pieces of
furniture.
Place a duplex outlet next to or behind a desk or
table where light is needed or near a possible reading
area.
Place a duplex outlet near a fireplace, for an adjacent table light, for a vacuum, or for fireplace
maintenance.
Place a duplex outlet in a hallway, for a vacuum.
Duplex outlets should be placed close together in
kitchens and installed where fixed and portable
433
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
appliances are located for use. Outlets are required
every 4' (1200 mm) of counter space, no more than
2' (600 mm) from a corner, end of counter, or appliance. Some designs include an outlet in a pantry for
use with portable appliances.
Kitchen, bathroom, laundry, and outdoor circuits
are required to be protected by a ground fault
circuit interrupter (GFCI or GFI), which trips a
circuit breaker when there is any unbalance in the
circuit current. The standard breaker condition is
0.005-amp fault in 1/40 second. This protection is
required for any electric fixture within 6' of water.
Fixtures and appliances produce a potential hazard
for electrocution.
Outlets in garages and outbuildings must be GFCI.
All exterior outlets must be waterproof and GFCI.
Each bathroom sink or makeup table should have a
duplex outlet.
Each enclosed bath or laundry/utility room should
have an exhaust fan. Rooms with operable windows
do not require fans, although fans are desirable.
A lighting outlet with light fixture is necessary outside all entries and exterior doors.
A waterproof duplex outlet should be placed at a
convenient exterior location, such as a patio. This
exterior outlet must have a GFCI if within direct
grade level access.
Ceiling lights are common in children’s bedrooms
for easy illumination. Master bedrooms may have a
switched duplex outlet for a bedside lamp.
The kitchen may have a light over the sink, although
this may be an extra light in a very well-lighted
kitchen.
Bathroom lights are commonly placed above the
mirror at the vanity and located in any area that
requires additional light. In a large bath, a recessed
waterproof light should be placed in a shower or
above a tub.
Place switches in a manner that provides the easiest
control of the lights.
Locate lights in large closets or any alcove or pantry
that requires light.
Light stairways well, and provide a conveniently
located switch at each level.
Place lights and outlets in garages or shops in relationship to their use. For example, a welder or other
shop equipment requires 220-volt (V) outlets.
Place exterior lights properly to illuminate walks,
drives, patios, decks, and other high-use areas.
434
GOING
GREEN
Energy Conservation
Energy efficiency is a very important consideration in
today’s home design and construction market. Many steps
can easily contribute to energy savings for the home owner
with little additional cost. Some of these energy-efficient
construction applications can be explained by specific or
general notes or are included in construction specifications.
Other methods must be described with detail drawings.
Energy-efficient considerations related to electrical design
include the following:
• Keep electrical outlets and recessed appliances or
panels to a minimum at exterior walls. Any units
recessed into an exterior wall can eliminate or
severely compress the insulation and reduce its
insulating value.
• Fans or other systems exhausting air from the building
should be provided with back draft or automatic
dampers to limit air leakage.
• Timed switches or humidistats should be installed on
exhaust fans to control unnecessary operation.
• Electrical wiring is often located in exterior walls at
a level convenient for electricians to run wires. This
practice causes insulation to become compacted,
HOME AUTOMATION
Many modern homes are being built with automation systems. This technology is rapidly changing and
requires that you continuously research the available
products and installations. Designing and installing
a home-automation system allows the builder to sell
the same-square-footage home for more and increases
marketability. Automation is a method or process of controlling and operating mechanical devices other than
human power. Such operations include the computerized control of the heating, ventilating, air-conditioning,
landscape sprinkling systems, lighting, and security systems. The design and drafting of the home-automation
systems can be done by the product supplier or by the
architect or designer. Electrical symbols and specific
notes are placed on the floor plan or on separate drawings and in specifications used for construction purposes.
The following briefly describes some of the many homeautomation system options and features available.
•
•
•
•
•
resulting in a loss of insulating value. Wires could
be run along the bottom of the studs at the bottom
plate. Preparing the studs is easily accomplished
during framing by cutting a V groove in the stud
bottoms while the studs are piled at the site after
delivery.
Select energy-efficient appliances such as a selfheating dishwasher or a high-insulation water heater.
Evaluate the vendor’s energy statement before
purchase.
Use energy-saving fluorescent lighting fixtures where
practical, such as in the kitchen, laundry/utility room,
garage, or shop.
Fully insulate above and around recessed lighting
fixtures. Verify code and manufacturer specifications
for this practice.
Carefully caulk and seal around all light and
convenience outlets. Also, caulk and seal where
electrical wires penetrate the top and bottom plates.
Use recessed lights that are IC (insulation cover)
rated. This allows you to insulate around and over the
recessed light to help avoid heat loss.
For example, pressing one button automatically dims
the lights, opens the curtain, and begins the movie.
The home theater can be part of a living or family
room, or designed into a special theater room with
theater-style seating.
Home entertainment centers can also provide sound
throughout the home using a variety of sources, such as
MP3 players, DVDs, and satellite radio.
Computerized Programming
Computerized programming of house functions from
a personal computer allows you to use a computer to
set and monitor a variety of electrical circuits throughout the home, including security, sound, yard watering, cooking, and lighting. Home-automation systems
often place the computer monitors in locations such as
the kitchen or office where there is frequent activity.
Dedicated computer systems can be installed for this
purpose, or a standard personal computer can be used
with desired software and Internet access.
Entertainment Centers
Entertainment centers are available to provide an inhome theater. These are fully automatic and boast the
best technology in picture and sound performance.
Security Systems
Home and business security systems that sound an
alarm when opened can be installed indoors at doors
Chapter 19: Electrical Plans
and windows. Additional indoor motion sensors can
sense movement inside the house when the system is
activated. These security systems allow you to enter a
special code at a control panel, allowing you to set the
alarm when leaving, and to disarm the system when
entering the house. Most systems have a night setting
that allows you to arm the doors and windows but keep
the motion sensors off when you are home and want the
system active. Outdoor home or business security systems can also monitor the outside area. Most outdoor
systems are programmed to turn on floodlights when
movement is detected.
Radio Frequency Systems
Radio frequency (RF) systems are available that allow
you to control a variety of lighting and mechanical
applications throughout the home. Radio frequency is
electromagnetic radiation waves that transmit audio,
video, or data signals. The Federal Communication
Commission (FCC) has defined RF ranges that can be
used for wireless applications, such as those used in
home systems. Home RF systems allow you to design
options for specific lighting applications. For example,
the RF system can control security lighting inside and
outside the home by the press of a button within the
home or from your vehicle as you approach the home.
Other lighting schemes can also be designed that provide
visibility or accent lighting to various areas of the home.
You can control the lighting of hallways at night, or specific light dimming applications for accent purposes.
Structured Wiring
As home computer use and Internet access become
common in nearly every home, structured wiring
systems are part of the electrical work needed in the
architectural design. Structured wiring systems are highspeed voice and data lines and video cables wired to a
central service location. These wires and cables optimize the speed and quality of various communication
signals coming into and going out of the house. This
kind of wiring is typically used in commercial construction projects and is gaining popularity in residential
design. In a system of this type, each electrical outlet,
telephone jack, or computer port has a dedicated line
back to the central service location. The central service
location allows the wires to be connected as needed for
a network configuration or for dedicated wiring from
the outside. High-quality structured wiring systems
use network connectors and parallel circuits, because
conventional outlets and series circuits degrade the communication signal. A parallel circuit is an electrical circuit
that contains two or more paths for the electricity or
435
signal to flow from a common source. A series circuit is
a circuit that supplies electricity or a signal to a number
of devices connected so that the same current passes
through each device in completing its path to the source.
Structured wiring systems allow the simultaneous use
of a fax machine, a multiline telephone, and computers.
Additional applications include digital satellite systems
(DSS), digital broadcast systems (DBS), stereo audio, and
closed-circuit security systems.
ELECTRICAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
The discussion and many examples in this chapter
provide you with the minimum requirements for the
electrical design. You need to meet minimum code
requirements while also considering the needs and preferences of the occupants. One way to design the electrical layout is to pretend that you are living in a home, or
working in a commercial building, and plan a system
based on your convenience and daily activities. The following list provides some of the basic design features to
consider when creating the electrical plan.
Entry. Every entry shall have at least one lighting
outlet controlled by a switch on the inside of the
building. There shall be at least one weatherproof
GFCI outlet.
Entry foyer. There is generally a light fixture centered
in the entry foyer, with a single switch or two switches
if necessary. Depending on the size of the foyer, there
may be additional ceiling- or wall-mounted lighting
outlets. The foyer should contain at least one duplex
convenience outlet, with more spaced a minimum of
12' (3600 mm) apart if needed.
Patios and porches. Patios and porches are generally
designed with an entry and should have the same
requirements. Additionally, these areas need adequate
lighting. One lighting outlet per 150 sq ft (1394 sq m)
should be considered. The number of duplex convenience outlets in an area depends on its use. A light fixture and weatherproof GFCI outlet should be placed
at a sink, serving counter, or outside cooking area.
Living area. Living rooms and great rooms should
have at least one switch-controlled duplex convenience outlet. Additional outlets are needed for
convenience and to meet code requirements. There
is generally no central ceiling lighting outlet, but
there are often accent lights such as recessed ceiling
or wall lights.
Dining room. Dining rooms and eating nooks should
have a switch-controlled centrally located ceiling
light. Outlets are needed for convenience and to meet
code requirements.
436
Kitchen. The kitchen is a place where lighting
and convenience outlets are very important. There
should be switch-controlled centrally located lighting. Many designs use ceiling fluorescent fixtures or
adequately spaced recessed ceiling lights. An additional switch-controlled light is often placed over the
sink and other work areas. Small, high-intensity halogen recessed light fixtures are popular because they
provide excellent illumination and are energy efficient. Fixtures are available with fixed and movable
lights for directional applications. Available bulbs
vary in the number of degrees of illumination provided, from a narrow directional effect to wide-angle
lighting. The use of these light fixtures is not limited
to the kitchen; they are effectively used in hallways
and other rooms. Duplex convenience outlets should
be placed at least 4' (1200 mm) apart, no more than
2' (600 mm) from a fixture or appliance, and with at
least one outlet at each end of an island or peninsula.
Each appliance should have a separate outlet. This
includes the refrigerator, range, hood light and fan,
oven, microwave, dishwasher, and trash compactor.
There should also be additional small appliance outlets in every kitchen, pantry, breakfast room, dining
room, or similar area. A switch-controlled garbage
disposal can be used. Custom kitchens can also have
under- and over-cabinet lighting and portable appliance compartments or garages. An exhaust fan vented
to the outside is required. The exhaust fan can be in
combination with a hood and light over the range or
adjacent to the range.
Bedrooms. Bedrooms often have a switch-controlled
central ceiling light. Bedrooms can have a recessed
ceiling light next to a wardrobe closet. The master
bedroom can use a switch-controlled duplex convenience outlet rather than the ceiling light. Additional
duplex convenience outlets should be spaced as
desired or by minimum code requirements. Walkin wardrobes should have one or more switchcontrolled ceiling lights.
Bathrooms. The bathrooms should have at least one
lighting outlet in the ceiling or wall above the sink
mirror. There should be one light over each sink
and a GFCI outlet next to each sink, at 48" above
the floor and not more than 36" from the edge of the
fixture. Additional convenience outlets can be placed
around the room to meet personal requirements.
Outlets shall not be installed faceup in the work
surface or cabinet top in a bathroom sink location.
If fixtures are used in an enclosed shower or spa,
they should be vapor proof. Ceiling lights are often
recessed and should be placed in areas such as over
Architectural Drafting and Design
the water closet, tub, spa, or sauna as needed for
adequate lighting. An exhaust fan that is vented to
the outside is required, unless an operable window is
used. Some owners prefer an exhaust fan even if an
operable window is provided.
Laundry/utility room. The laundry room should have
at least one switch-controlled ceiling light, with other
lights considered over work areas. Washer and dryer
outlets are required along with adequate duplex convenience outlets. The appliance outlet cannot be more
than 6' (1800 mm) from the appliance location.
Office, recreation, or hobby room. An office or other
auxiliary room should have ceiling lighting placed
over planned work areas, and there should be
duplex convenience outlets placed as needed for the
intended purpose and to meet codes. If computers
are used, dedicated outlets should be provided.
Hallways. Ceiling lights should be placed no more
than 12' (3600 mm) apart, with a switch controlling
them from each end of the hall. Duplex convenience
outlets should be at least 12' (3600 mm) apart.
Stairs. Place at least one ceiling light at each floor or
landing and have additional lights as needed to light
the stairs adequately. Convenience outlets are not
required but may be considered, especially if landings are involved.
Garage. At least one ceiling outlet for every two
cars, but one light per bay is better. Use at least one
weatherproof GFCI duplex convenience outlet of
125-V, single phase, 15 to 20 amps. Provide additional outlets and lights as needed for work areas and
other conveniences. An outlet and controls should be
wired for every electric garage door opener.
Outdoor outlets. At least one weatherproof outlet
must be installed at the front and back of each home
with direct access from grade and not exceed 6'–6"
(1980 mm) above grade.
Crawl spaces. All outlets in crawl spaces should be
GFCI, 125-V, single phase, and 15 to 20 amps.
Smoke detectors. Smoke detectors are required at
each sleeping area and on each additional story
and basement of a living unit. Smoke detectors are
generally placed in the ceiling immediately outside
the entrances to bedrooms or above stairs leading
to adjacent bedrooms or living areas. The type of
smoke detectors can be indicated in the specifications. Smoke detectors that are wired directly
into the electrical system are preferred, and some
installations use additional battery backup smoke
detectors.
Chapter 19: Electrical Plans
Telephones. Careful consideration should be given
to the locations where telephones are typically used.
Common locations include the kitchen, master
bedroom, laundry room, and office. Telephone
jacks should be placed in every desired location or
rough-wired for future installations. Rough-wire
means to run wiring in the walls during construction for possible future hookup and use. Another
term for rough-wired is pre-wired. Wiring during
construction is always less expensive and easier
than wiring after the building is occupied.
Television, cable, stereo, security. Wiring for planned
television, DVD, sound electronics, and security
systems should be designed into the project. These
items should also be pre-wired for installation during
or after construction. The type of television wiring
depends on the hookup to an antenna, cable, or satellite. The location of television outlets depends on
the needs of the occupants, but outlets are generally
provided in the living room, family room, recreation room, master bedroom, and in other rooms as
needed. Sound electronics installations can be wired
separately for sound throughout the home or associated with the cable television. The sound system
can be connected to a central system with AM/
FM, CD, satellite radio, and other devices, and can
be part of an intercom system. The security system
should be wired throughout the building and should
be designed in cooperation with a security expert
to provide the best possible installation needed to
meet the owner’s requirements. Security systems
can be internal or connected to a monitoring station
such as a private security provider or public police
department.
Computers and peripherals. Wiring for computers
and peripherals is becoming an important part of
the electrical system, as explained earlier in this
chapter. Peripherals are items outside the main
computer box. These items can include printers,
modems, and fax machines. Refer to the earlier
discussion covering home automation and structured wiring systems.
SMOKE DETECTORS
Smoke detectors and alarms provide an opportunity
for safe exit through early detection of fire and smoke.
A smoke alarm that meets the requirements of UL
217 (Underwriters Laboratories) must be installed per
NFPA 72 (National Fire Protection Association) in each
sleeping room, and at a point centrally located in a corridor that provides access to the bedrooms.
437
CARBON MONOXIDE ALARMS
A carbon monoxide alarm is required in all new residential construction that contains fuel-fired appliances
or has an attached garage. Alarms that meet UL 2034
must be placed outside of each separate sleeping area
in the immediate vicinity of the bedrooms in dwelling
units. Units must be installed in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions.
UNIVERSAL ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATIONS
The design of the electrical system to accommodate
people of all ages and possible disabilities should be
considered. The following are some possible considerations for these applications.
Switch locations. Place light switches 2'−6" (760 mm)
above the floor for easy use by children and people in
wheelchairs. Additionally, provide an adequate turning radius next to the switch for wheelchair movement. More switches than what is considered normal
should be considered for access by people with disabilities. Switches should be the type that operate by
touch or can be sound- or motion-activated, and on
a timer if necessary. A master switch that controls all
of the lights in a home can be located in a convenient
and commonly used place, such as in the master
bedroom. See the earlier discussion covering radio
frequency systems. Place the distribution panel in
an easily accessible location and install the panel at a
height lower than normal, such as 4'−6" (1320 mm),
for wheelchair access.
Convenience outlets. Bathroom vanity outlets should
be placed in the side wall for easy access. Place outlets on the front or top surface of the base kitchen
cabinets in convenient locations. Provide more than
the normal number of outlets. For example, a spacing of 8' (2400 mm) is preferred over the code
requirement of 12' (3600 mm). Outlets should be at
least 15" (380 mm) above the floor rather than the
normal 12" (300 mm). Determine the owner’s need
for special medical equipment, communication systems, and emergency alarm circuits. Provide a special
outlet in a ventilated area for a home owner to charge
an electric wheelchair battery.
Lighting. Provide specifications for wall-mounted
lights to be placed within reach and ceiling fixtures
that pull down for easy access from a wheelchair.
Extra lighting should be considered, especially in
locations where a person with disabilities might have
difficulty seeing, such as a shower, bathroom, and
438
Architectural Drafting and Design
D
H
F
L
ELECTRIC DOOR OPENER
HEAT, LIGHT, FAN COMBINATION
BELL
SPECIAL INSTRUMENT
SPECIFY TYPE, I.E., INTERCOM
BELL/BUZZER
M
MOTOR
P
BUZZER
CH
PHONE
CHIME
R
RADIO OUTLET
CIRCUIT-BREAKER PANEL
SD
SMOKE DETECTOR, CEILING MOUNT
CB
RECESSED FLUSH MOUNT
CB
WALL MOUNT
SD
WALL MOUNT
SPECIFY TYPE, I.E., INTERCOM
WALL-MOUNTED LIGHT
C
CLOCK
D
DROP CORD
S
SWITCH LEG ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT, HIGH VOLTAGE
THIN LINES CURVED OR STRAIGHT
3/16" TO 1/4" DASHES
SWITCH LEG ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT, HIGH VOLTAGE
THIN LINES CURVED OR STRAIGHT
WITH LONG, 3/4" TO 1-1/2" AND
TWO SHORT 3/16" TO 1/4" DASHES
F
TV
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT, HIGH VOLTAGE
TV
CABLE T.V. OUTLET
PC
PERSONAL COMPUTER CONNECTION
T
TRANSFORMER
"T" IN CIRCLE = THERMOSTAT
S
STEREO SPEAKERS
V
FAN NOTE: VENT OUT IF REQUIRED
SPECIAL PURPOSE COMMUNICATION
OUTLET, SPECIFY TYPE
VACUUM
YARD LIGHTS
MULTIPLE DUPLEX
CONVENIENCE OUTLET
S S3 S2 S
T
4
DUPLEX CONVENIENCE OUTLET
(WALL OUTLET) 110 VOLTS
S
OUTLET WITH SWITCH
110 VOLTS
GFI
R
DOUBLE-POLE SWITCH
THREE-WAY SWITCH
SWITCH WITH TIMER
CEILING-MOUNTED LIGHT
SPLIT-WIRED OUTLET,
WIRE TO SWITCH
WP
SINGLE-POLE SWITCH
PS
WEATHERPROOF OUTLET
110 VOLTS
CEILING-MOUNTED LIGHT
WITH PULL SWITCH (PS)
CAN CEILING LIGHT FIXTURE
SURFACE MOUNT FIXTURE. OUTLINE
DENOTES FIXTURE SHAPE, USE DASH
OUTLINES FOR RECESSED FIXTURES
BATHROOM GROUND-FAULT CIRCUITINTERRUPTER 110 VOLTS (GFI OR GFCI)
PS
RANGE OUTLET 220 VOLTS
WALL LIGHT OPTION
WITH PULL SWITCH (PS)
220 220-VOLT OUTLET, USED FOR DOUBLE OVEN,
DW
FURNACE, ELECTRIC WATER HEATER, CLOTHES
DRYER, SPA, WELDER; LABEL ITEMS
FLOODLIGHTS
SPECIAL CONNECTION FOR DISHWASHER,
GARBAGE DISPOSAL (GD). HOT WATER
HEATER (WH)
FLUORESCENT LIGHT
RECESSED FLUORESCENT LIGHT. THE
FIXTURE OUTLINE DENOTES THE SIZE,
PROVIDE NOTE SUCH AS 24" X 48"
SINGLE SPECIAL PURPOSE OUTLET
DOUBLE SPECIAL PURPOSE OUTLET
CEILING SURFACE-MOUNT
FLUORESCENT LIGHT
CONTINUOUS LINE OF OUTLETS, DOUBLE
OR SINGLE WITH ONE LINE EACH
SIMPLIFIED FLUORESCENT LIGHT
SOLID-SURFACE MOUNT
DASHED RECESSED
FLOOR OUTLET SINGLE
FLOOR OUTLET DOUBLE
J
G
J
T
JUNCTION BOX
GENERATOR
FIGURE 192 Common electrical symbols.
S
TRACK LIGHT
UNDER-CABINET LIGHT
WITH SWITCH
439
S3
S3
S3
S3
SINGLE-POLE SWITCH MAY BE
CONNECTED TO ONE OR MORE LIGHTS.
THREE-WAY SWITCH; TWO
SWITCHES CONTROL ONE OR MORE LIGHTS.
S4
Electrical symbols are used to show the lighting arrangement desired in the home. This
includes all switches, fixtures, and outlets. All electrical
symbols should be drawn with circles 1/8" (3 mm) in
diameter, as seen in Figure 19-2. The electrical layout
should be subordinate to the plan and should not clutter
or detract from the other information. All lettering for
switches and other notes should be 1/8" (3 mm) high,
depending on space requirements and office practice.
Switch symbols are generally drawn perpendicular
to the wall and are placed to read from the right side
or bottom of the sheet (see Figure 19-3). Also, notice
that the switch relay should intersect the symbol at
right angles to the wall, or the relay can begin next to
the symbol. Verify the preference of your instructor or
employer, and do not mix methods.
Figure 19-4 shows several typical electrical installations with switches to light outlets. The switch leg or electrical circuit line is drawn using a curved dashed line.
FOUR-WAY SWITCH; THREE
SWITCHES CONTROL ONE OR MORE LIGHTS.
S
SINGLE-POLE SWITCH TO WALL-MOUNTED
LIGHT. TYPICAL INSTALLATION AT AN
ENTRY OR PORCH.
S
ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS
S4
S4
kitchen. Provide extra lighting around stairs and
landings. Additional lighting should be considered
as occupants grow older. Lights can be controlled
with dimmer switches as needed to provide varying
intensity. Fluorescent lights should be avoided when
designing a home for people with epilepsy, Alzheimer
disease, hyperactivity, hearing aids, and cataracts.
Specify natural light tubes when fluorescent lights
are used. Track lighting should be considered when
it is desirable to add or remove lights or change the
angle of lights.
Communications. Provide more than the normal
number of telephone jacks when designing a home
for people with disabilities. Also provide additional
television and audio outlets if they are preferred by
the owner. An intercom system is recommended for
communication within the home.
S
Chapter 19: Electrical Plans
SINGLE-POLE SWITCH TO
SINGLE CEILING LIGHT.
S
S
USE IRREGULAR (FRENCH)
CURVE.
S
S
VERTICAL WALL READ
"S" FROM RIGHT
S
HORIZONTAL WALL READ
"S" FROM RIGHT
FIGURE 193 Placement of switch symbols.
SINGLE-POLE SWITCH TO SPLIT-WIRED
OUTLET. COMMON APPLICATION IN A
ROOM WITHOUT A CEILING LIGHT.
ALLOWS SWITCHING A TABLE LAMP.
FIGURE 194 Typical electrical installations.
440
Architectural Drafting and Design
VENT TO
OUTSIDE AIR
48"
T
S
F
●
Placing switches or outlets on pocket doors, where
they cannot be located due to the pocket door
construction.
●
Locating switches or outlets at a construction corner
where a box cannot be installed.
●
Drawing two or more circuit legs from a single
switch.
●
Placing a switch behind a door swing.
●
Locating an outlet too far from a location where it is
needed to operate a fixture, such as a desk.
24" X 48"
OUTLET HEIGHT
SPECIFIC NOTE
FIGURE 195 Special notes for electrical fixtures.
When a fixture with special characteristics is required,
such as a specific size, location, or any other specification, a local note that briefly describes the situation is
applied next to the outlet, as shown in Figure 19-5.
Figure 19-6 shows common errors related to the
placement and practice of electrical floor plan layout.
The common errors encountered with electrical system
design include:
Figure 19-7 shows some examples of maximum
spacing recommended for installation of wall outlets.
Figure 19-8 shows examples of typical electrical
layouts. Figure 19-9 shows a bath electrical layout.
Figure 19-10 shows a typical kitchen electrical layout
S
S
SWITCHES OR OUTLETS
ON POCKET DOOR
POOR
S
S
GOOD
S
SWITCHES OR OUTLETS
ON CORNER CONSTRUCTION
POOR
S
S
GOOD
S
3
S3
POOR
S3
GOOD
S
3
FIXTURE SIZE
POOR
S
GOOD
S
GOOD
DESK
GOOD
FIGURE 196 Good and poor electrical layout techniques.
SWITCH HIDDEN
BEHIND DOOR
POOR
DESK
POOR
Chapter 19: Electrical Plans
441
WP
GFCI
12' MAX.
S S
6' MAX.
2' FIXED PANEL
12' MAX.
FLOOR
OUTLET
6' MAX.
12' MAX.
3
S
6' MAX.
12' MAX.
S3 S3
S3
6' MAX.
SHORT WALL OVER 36" LONG
REQUIRES ONE OUTLET.
FIGURE 197 Maximum spacing requirements.
WP
GFCI
S
VENT FAN TO
OUTSIDE AIR
GFCI
48"
F H
L
S
SS
S
3
SD
3 3
3
S S
S
3
SS
FIGURE 198 Typical electrical layouts.
442
Architectural Drafting and Design
EXHAUST FAN IS DESIRABLE BUT NOT
REQUIRED WITH OPENABLE WINDOW
WATERPROOF LIGHT
IN SHOWER
SS
SS
SS
WP
F
VENT FAN TO
OUTSIDE AIR
48"
GFCI
48"
GFCI
F
ENCLOSED BATH AREA
REQUIRES EXHAUST FAN
BATH VANITY WITH TWO SINKS
REQUIRES TWO DUPLEX OUTLETS
FIGURE 199 Bath electrical layout.
2'
(610mm)
4'
(1220mm)
GFCI
DW
GD
S
GFCI
S
R
2'
(610mm)
4' (1220 mm) MIN
ALONG OPEN COUNTER
OUTLET SPACING
REFR
2'
HOOD W/ LIGHT
& FAN, VENT TO
OUTSIDE AIR
48" X 72" LIGHT SOFFIT W/ 5-48" FLUORESCENT
FIXTURES OR 6 EQUALLY SPACED HALOGEN
RECESSED LIGHT FIXTURES
S3
DBL OVEN
BRM
3
S S
PROVIDE SEPARATE
CIRCUIT FOR MICROWAVE
FIGURE 1910 Kitchen electrical layout.
NOTE:
AND FIXTURES TO
BE GFCI CIRCUITS
ALL KITCHEN LIGHTS
Chapter 19: Electrical Plans
443
using fluorescent fixtures; however, small, high-intensity halogen recessed light fixtures are popular because
they provide excellent illumination and are energy
efficient. Placement of six or more of these recessed
fixtures can provide quality lighting in this kitchen.
Fixtures should be carefully placed to help reduce
shadows at counter areas.
LIGHT FIXTURES
CEILING
FLOOR
LIGHT FIXTURE DESIGN
AND PLACEMENT
The content provided in this section was taken in part
from the Grand Lighting Web site. Light fixture selection and placement is important to consider when
designing a home. A variety of lighting methods and
arrangements can be used to create a dramatic appearance, a soft feeling, the highlighting of artwork, or light
for a work area. Consider the activities that take place
and the desired visual effect when designing the lighting
for different rooms in the home. Many types of lighting fixtures are available, including ceiling mounted,
wall mounted, recessed, track, pendant, table lamp,
floor lamp, and lighting with ceiling fans. The following describes a variety of lighting design options. Light
fixtures can be purchased in high-voltage or low-voltage
models. Low-voltage systems require transformers that
reduce the voltage to the fixtures. A transformer is an
electrical device that either raises or lowers the voltage
of electricity. When installing low-voltage light systems,
it is necessary to reduce the voltage to the fixtures from
120 volts to 12 volts, for example.
General Lighting
General lighting sets the basic ambient light level of a
space, which is important for circulation and functionality. The following describes optional general lighting
design applications. Ambient light is light that comes
from all directions.
Ceiling-mounted light fixtures are ideal for use in
foyers, hallways, and bedrooms. Flush-mount are preferred on lower ceilings, whereas semi-flush lights are
ideal on medium to high ceilings. Ceiling-mounted light
fixtures or recessed light fixtures can be used in hallways.
Hallway light fixtures should be centered on the hallway
and spaced every 8' to 10' (2400 to 3000 mm) for full
coverage. Additional lighting can be provided if necessary by spacing the light fixtures 4' (1200 mm) apart.
Uniform Down-Lighting
Uniform lighting provides a layer of ambient light
typically used to provide general lighting on horizontal
LIGHTING PATTERN
FIGURE 1911 Uniform down-lighting.
surfaces. Uniform lighting is commonly used to light an
entire area, but typically has the least visual impact on
a space. Figure 19-11 shows a typical uniform downlighting arrangement. Recessed lights are commonly
used for down-lighting. Uniform lighting is often done
with Parabolic Aluminized Reflector (PAR) or MR16
lamps spaced apart so their beams meet or overlap
as desired. Spacing is a function of the selected lamp
beam spread and the desired effect. PAR lights resemble
car headlights. MR16 is a standard format for halogen
reflector lamps made by a variety of manufacturers.
MR16 lights are used for a variety of applications that
require directional lighting of low to medium intensity, such as track lighting, recessed ceiling lights,
desk lamps, pendant fixtures, landscape lighting, and
retail display lighting. MR16 lamps are available in
many power and beam combinations, other than those
mentioned below. MR16 lamps are normally labeled
according to the following beam spread abbreviations.
The angles associated with these abbreviations vary
depending on the manufacturer:
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
VNSP (Very narrow spot): less than 8°
NSP (Narrow spot): 8° to 15°
SP (Spot): 8° to 20°
NFL (Narrow flood): 24° to 30°
FL (Flood): 35° to 40°
WFL (Wide flood): 55° to 60°
VWFL (Very wide flood): 60° or more
Non-Uniform Down-Lighting
Non-uniform down-lighting provides the appearance
of pools of light and can give an interesting visual
appearance. Recessed down-lights are commonly used
for non-uniform down-lighting. Non-uniform downlighting is often done with PAR or MR16 lamps spaced
far enough apart so their beams do not overlap as
444
Architectural Drafting and Design
RECESSED LIGHT FIXTURE
LIGHT FIXTURES
LIGHT BEAM
CEILING
FLOOR
LIGHTING PATTERN
FIGURE 1912 Non-uniform down-lighting.
INCORRECT
CORRECT
shown in Figure 19-12. A general recommendation is
that recessed ceiling lights and track lights that illuminate pictures or artwork on a wall should be located
at least 2' (600 mm) from the wall with a standard 8'
(2400 mm) ceiling and, as the ceiling height increases,
farther from the wall using the same ratio. For example, place the light fixtures 2'–6" (760 mm) from the
wall for a 10' (3000 mm) ceiling, using this formula:
2/x : 8/10, 2x = (8)(10), 2x = 20, x = 2.5, 2.5 = 2'–6".
The number of items and wall area to be illuminated
also determine the light fixture spacing. In any given
design, divide the wall length into equal spaces for
light fixture placement. A wide variety of track and rail
lighting is available for areas where recessed lighting
is not practical, where flexibility in light placement
is required, or where multiple lights are required in a
small area.
Task Lighting
Providing supplemental lighting over a work area, such
as a kitchen counter or desk, is important to allow
enough light to perform the activity accurately, efficiently, and safely.
Recessed Task Lighting
Recessed down-lights are commonly used for work area
lighting. For counter or work surface tasks, recessed fixtures should be placed between the cabinet face and the
front edge of the counter. This position avoids casting
of shadows as shown in Figure 19-13. When lighting
work areas such as a desk or table, a vanity mirror, or
over a sink, two down-lights should be placed above,
slightly in front of the person, and on each side of the
work area to provide overlapping light and minimize
glare as shown in Figure 19-14. If possible, add complementary fill lighting from a diffuse source such as a wallmounted light fixture or an additional ceiling-mounted
light fixture.
FIGURE 1913 Recessed down-lights are commonly used for
work area lighting. For counter or work surface tasks, recessed
fixtures should be placed between the cabinet face and the
front edge of the counter. This position avoids the casting of
shadows.
RECESSED LIGHT FIXTURE
LIGHT BEAM
CORRECT
INCORRECT
FIGURE 1914 When lighting work areas such as a desk or
table, a vanity mirror, or over a sink, two down-lights should
be placed above, slightly in front of the person, and on each
side of the work area to provide overlapping light and to
minimize glare.
Decorative Pendant Task Lighting
Decorative pendant lights provide both functional task
lighting and add visual interest and aesthetic character
to an area. A pendant light, sometimes called a drop
or suspender, is a light fixture that hangs from the ceiling usually suspended by a cord, chain, or metal rod.
Pendant lights are often used in multiples, hung in a
straight line over kitchen countertops or islands, over
a desk or other work area, over a dining or nook table,
and sometimes in bathrooms. The bottom edge of the
pendant lights should be mounted 30" to 36" (900 mm)
above the countertop, island, or table. The light beam
angle can be adjusted by using one of the available
MR16 light bulbs. The light beam of multiple pendants
can be designed apart or overlapping by changing the
spacing of the fixtures (see Figure 19-15).
Chapter 19: Electrical Plans
445
LIGHT
BEAM
LIGHT
FIXTURES
ratio between the ceiling light fixture location and the
wall height is also shown in Figure 19-16.
Accent Lighting of Three-Dimensional Objects
FIGURE 1915 The pendant light beam angle can be adjusted
by using one of the available MR16 light bulbs. The light beam
of multiple pendants can be designed apart or overlapping by
changing the spacing of the fixtures.
Accent Lighting
Accent lighting creates high contrast and focuses light
on objects of interest such as paintings, sculptures, collectibles, and architectural details. For noticeable visual
impact, accent lighting should be at least three times as
bright as the surrounding area. Dramatic accent lighting
requires contrast ratios of 5:1 or greater.
Accent Lighting on Flat Artwork
Flat artwork is usually lighted by a light source striking
its surface at a 30° angle. This angle reduces glare, and
prevents the casting of the viewer’s shadow onto the
artwork. Figure 19-16 shows the recommended lighting
for artwork hung at a typical height. The recommended
LIGHT BEAM
LIGHT
FIXTURES
Key lighting and fill lighting are effective ways to
emphasize the three-dimensional character of an object
such as a sculpture. This method involves the use of key
and fill lighting from two sides of the object. Key lighting is a focused accent light used to create shadows and
to highlight form and texture. Fill lighting is a soft light
thrown from the opposite side of the object to soften the
shadows, making the object appear natural. Other techniques can also be used to further accent the character of
an object, such as silhouetting an object from behind.
Wall Lighting
The lighting of vertical surfaces can impact the perception of a space more than any other type of lighting.
Light reflecting off of walls creates a bright, spacious feel
and adds visual interest.
Wall Wash Lighting
Wall wash lighting provides even, diffuse lighting of
vertical surfaces such as walls, large paintings, wall
hangings, bookcases and shelving, cabinet fronts, or
stairwells. The diffuse nature of wall wash lighting has
the effect of flattening out textured surfaces. Diffuse
lighting is light that is not concentrated in one place,
and transmitted from a broad light source. Wall wash
light fixtures are usually spaced apart equal to the distance from the wall. For example, a 10' (3000 mm) wide
wall can have four ceiling recessed light fixtures spaced
24" (600 mm) apart and 24" out from the wall. Closer
spacing leads to higher light levels with better lighting
uniformity. As a general rule, wall wash lighting should
be located at least 24" from the wall and spaced a minimum of 4' (1200 mm) apart.
CEILING
Graze Lighting
90°
WALL
Placing down-lights 6" to 12" (150 to 300 mm) from
a wall provides a grazing effect where the light appears
to scrape along the wall. Graze lighting can provide an
accent to textured surfaces such as brick, stone, or stucco.
PAR lamps are a good source to use for graze lighting.
Light Scallop
FIGURE 1916 The recommended lighting for artwork hung at
a typical height, and the ratio between the ceiling light fixture
location and the wall height.
Light scallop is an effect created when the light fixture
is placed close to the wall resulting in a concentrated
arc-shaped light pattern on the wall. Light scallop can
provide a dramatic effect, but can be an undesired effect
when light fixtures are improperly placed. The intensity
446
Architectural Drafting and Design
WALL
4'
LIGHT BEAM
LIGHT FIXTURES
2'
4'
50º
4'
50º
FIGURE 1917 The spacing and distance from the wall, of the
light fixtures, contributes to the scallop effect.
of the scallop can be increased or decreased by the type
of fixture and light source used. A diffused light source
creates a soft scallop and an intense-focused light source
creates a bright scallop. The light fixtures’ spacing and
their distance from the wall also contribute to the scallop effect as shown in Figure 19-17.
Locating Recessed Lighting
Recessed light fixtures can be installed only where there
is enough space to accommodate the housing. The
housing is the box that contains the recessed light
wiring, can, trim, and bulb. The can is the generally
cylindrical unit containing the light fixture and bulb.
The can is usually finished white, black, chrome, or
brass and has a trim piece that covers the ceiling cutout.
Recessed light fixtures can generally be installed between
the joist spaces of multistory houses. Recessed fixtures
cannot be located at a ceiling joist, corner, or exterior
wall where rafters reduce the space available. Recessed
light housings must be a minimum of 3" away from insulation or flammable material, unless an insulation contact (IC) housing is used. A heat-barrier housing cover
may be required where blown-in insulation is used.
REFLECTED CEILING PLANS
A reflected ceiling plan (RCP) is a drawing that shows
the features located on the ceiling of a room or space.
A reflected ceiling plan gets its name from a view of the
ceiling as if it is reflected onto a mirror on the floor. This
way the reflected ceiling plan has the same orientation
as its related floor plan. A reflected ceiling plan can be
found in a set of construction drawings for a house or
business. Interior designers often draw reflected ceiling
plans when designing spaces. Interior designers and
architects draw reflected ceiling plans and send the
drawing to an electrical consulting engineering firm,
where the electrical circuitry, fixtures, and other electrical applications are designed to comply with local
building codes, electrical codes, and fire codes. An RCP
typically contains ceiling construction and finish sections, details, and specifications. An RCP also shows
special ceiling features, such as entertainment, sound,
and communication system wiring and speaker locations, emergency lighting, exit signs, security devices,
smoke and fire alarm placement, exhaust fans, and heating lamps. An RCP can display the heating, ventilation,
and air-conditioning (HVAC) system, providing returnair grills and supply-air diffusers. Some RCP drawings show fire sprinkler head locations. Similar to the
electrical plan described throughout this chapter, RCP
drawings can include electrical circuit layout with the
power panel, and lighting fixture and switch locations
with circuit runs. The RCP drawing normally includes
electrical specifications and an electrical symbol legend
similar to the example shown in Figure 19-22. When
an RCP is created for a commercial building, it can be
referred to as a ceiling panel plan. The ceiling panel
plan is generally designed as a grid of 24" × 48" (600 ×
1200 mm) rectangles representing suspended or drop
ceiling panels and light fixtures. The terms suspended
and drop ceiling have the same meaning—a finish ceiling constructed of lightweight ceiling panels and light
fixtures hung from cables, wires, or brackets from the
structure above. The lighting fixtures are generally fluorescent fixtures that fit exactly into the drop-ceiling
modules in desired locations for providing the needed
lighting. See Chapter 44 for additional information
regarding reflected ceiling plans.
ELECTRICAL SCHEDULES
Schedules are described in detail in Chapter 16.
Electrical fixtures can be identified in schedules, notes,
descriptions of materials, or in specifications. Lightfixture schedules typically provide fixture symbol,
manufacturer’s name, type, color, bulb, wattage, and
remarks columns. Light fixtures are identified in a
schedule by placing a letter or number key next to
the floor plan symbol and correlating the same letter
or number to the schedule, or fixtures can be correlated by room name in which the fixtures are located.
Chapter 19: Electrical Plans
447
FIGURE 1918 Sample electrical fixture schedule.
Electrical circuit schedules can be used to provide electrical panel, circuits, poles, and amperage requirements
and specifications. An electrical panel schedule can be
used to provide panel size and type, main circuit size
and type, panel manufacturer and model, and wiring
specifications. Figure 19-18 shows a typical light fixture schedule.
ELECTRICAL WIRING SPECIFICATIONS
The following specifications describing the installation
of the service entrance and meter base for a residence
have been adapted from information furnished by
Home Building Plan Service, Inc.
Service Entrance and Meter Base
Installation
Before the installation of the service entrance and meter
base, the following questions must be resolved:
1. What is the service capacity to be installed? For capac-
ity of service, the average single-family residence
should be equipped with a 200-amp service entrance.
If heating, cooking, water heating, and similar heavy
loads are supplied by energy sources other than electricity, the service entrance conductors can be sized
for 100 amps, provided that local codes are not violated. Some local codes require a minimum capacity
of 200 amps for each single dwelling. Local inspection authorities and the power company serving the
area can be of assistance if difficulty is encountered
in sizing the service entrance.
2. Where is the service entrance to be located? The service
entrance location depends on whether the power
company serves the houses in the area from an
overhead or underground distribution system. The
underground service entrance is the most desirable
from the standpoint of aesthetics and reliability.
However, if the power company services the area
from an overhead pole line, an underground service
entrance may be impractical, prohibitively expensive,
or even impossible. A combination of overhead and
underground service is an option in some cases. This
is possible where overhead service is provided to a
specific location, such as the property line, and an
underground service is provided for the remaining
distance to the house.
3. Where will the meter base be located? The meter base
must always be mounted so the meter socket is on
the exterior of the house, preferably on the side wall
of a garage. For aesthetic reasons, the meter base
should not be installed on the front of the house.
If the house does not have a garage, the meter base
should be located on an exterior side wall as near as
practical to the distribution panel.
4. Where will the distribution panel be located? The
preferred location for the distribution panel is on
an inside garage wall, close to the heaviest electrical
loads, such as a range, clothes dryer, or electric furnace. The panel should be mounted flush unless the
location does not permit a flush mount. If the house
does not have a garage, the panel should be located
in a readily accessible area such as a utility room or
kitchen wall.
In some localities the electrical power billing structure requires two meters. For example, lighting and
general-use energy may be billed at a rate different from
energy used for space and heating water. In such a
448
Architectural Drafting and Design
situation, provide two meter bases and two distribution
panels to suit requirements.
METRICS IN ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATIONS
Electrical conduit designations are expressed in millimeters. Electrical conduit is a metal or fiber pipe
or tube used to enclose a single or several electrical
conductors. Electrical conduit is produced in decimal
inch dimensions and is identified in nominal inch
sizes. Nominal size is referred to as the conventional
size; for example, a .500" pipe has a 12" nominal size.
The actual size of a conduit remains in inches but is
labeled in metric:
Inch
Metric (mm)
Inch
Metric (mm)
1/2
16
2 1/2
63
3/4
21
3
78
1
27
3 1/2
91
1 1/4
35
4
103
1 1/2
41
5
129
2
53
6
155
Existing American Wire Gauge (AWG) sizes remain
the same without a metric conversion. The diameter
of wires conforms to various wire gauge systems. The
AWG is one system for the designation of wire sizes.
Wire gauge is a method of defining wire diameter by a
number, with wire diameter increasing as the number
gets smaller.
STEPS IN DRAWING
THE ELECTRICAL PLAN
The electrical plan is prepared as a separate floor plan
drawing, labeled ELECTRICAL PLAN, for complex
homes, or combined with all other floor plan information for basic homes. When drawing the electrical
plan with all other floor plan information, follow the
next steps after placing everything on the drawing, as
explained in Chapter 18. If you are creating a separate electrical plan, draw the plan as described in the
following steps and use the CADD layering system as
needed. To do this, first begin with a base drawing of
the floor plan, with all of the walls, doors, windows,
stairs, cabinets, and the fireplace. The basic room
titles are optional. A base drawing for the model
CADD APPLICATIONS
CADD electrical symbol libraries provide quick insertion
of these symbols. When a CADD system is used, each
symbol and feature on the electrical plan can be placed
on an individual layer. If you are using the American
Institute of Architects (AIA) layering system, the layer
names given in the following table can be applied to
your electrical plan. ■
Layer Name
Description
E-LITE
Lighting system
E-POWR
Power
E-CONT
Controls and instrumentation
E-GRND
Ground system
E-AUXL
Auxiliary systems
E-LTNG
Lightning protection system
E-FIRE
Fire protection system
E-COMM
Telephone communications
E-DATA
Data and local area network (LAN) systems
E-SOUN
Sound system
E-CABL
Cable system
E-CCTV
Closed-circuit television
E-NURS
Nurse call system
E-INTC
Intercom and PA system
E-PGNG
Paging system
E-BELL
Bell system
E-CLOK
Clock system
Chapter 19: Electrical Plans
home that was first used in Chapter 18 is shown in
Figure 19-19.
Draw all light fixtures. Use 1/8" (3 mm) diameter circles for the light fixture symbols, which is
6" at a scale of 1/4" = 1'−0" (150 mm at 1:50).
Refer to Figure 19-20. If electrical symbols are
too large, they distract from the appearance of the
drawing. If they are too small, they are difficult
to read.
STEP 1
Place all electrical outlets, such as duplex convenience, range, television, clock, and junction
boxes. Figure 19-20 shows the placement of items
for Step 2.
STEP 2
Draw all additional electrical symbols including
doorbells, smoke detectors, fans, and power panels
(see Figure 19-20).
STEP 3
Letter all switch locations and provide switch
characteristics, such as three-way switches (see
Figure 19-20). When possible, use 1/8" (3 mm) high
text when adding information to symbols. You can
use 3/32" (2.5 mm) high text if space is limited, such
as the number 3 placed next to a three-way switch
symbol. Confirm this practice with your course or
company standards.
STEP 4
Draw electrical circuits or switch legs from
switches to fixtures using a dashed arc line as shown
in Figure 19-21.
STEP 5
Letter all notes, and the drawing title and scale,
as shown in Figure 19-21.
STEP 6
This is the step where you can add general electrical notes, fixture schedules, and symbol legends.
These items should be placed on the same drawing
as the electrical plan when possible. There is not
enough space on the sheet with the main floor electrical plan to place these items for the model house.
These items are located on the upper floor electrical
plan for the model house, which is described in the
following section.
STEP 7
DRAWING THE UPPER FLOOR
ELECTRICAL PLAN
Use the same steps to draw the electrical layout for
the upper floor plan. Figure 19-22 shows the upper
floor electrical plan for the model home. Notice in
Figure 19-22 that the general electrical notes and the
electrical symbol legend features are placed in the
drawing with the electrical floor plan. Not all offices
display an electrical symbol legend, because standard
symbols are typically used, which normally do not
449
require identification. This is also a good location for
electrical fixture schedules or other electrical-related
schedules. There are no electrical schedules for the
model house.
ELECTRICAL PLAN DRAWING
CHECKLIST
Check off the items in the following list as you work
on the electrical plan, to be sure that you have included
everything necessary:
❑ Switch locations labeled with proper placement
and identification, such as three-way, four-way, or
dimmer.
❑ Inside and outside light fixture locations.
❑ Recessed light fixture locations.
❑ Fluorescent light fixtures in 24" (600 mm) modules,
where used.
❑ Switch legs drawn with dashed lines.
❑ Duplex convenience outlets located based on code
requirements.
❑ Kitchen and bath GFCI outlets.
❑ Exterior duplex convenience outlets, specifying
weatherproof and GFCI.
❑ Outlets for refrigerator, microwave on a separate circuit, garbage disposal with switch, dishwasher, trash
compactor, clothes washer.
❑ Exhaust fans.
❑ Smoke detectors.
❑ Utility and appliance outlets: Furnace, clothes dryer,
range, ovens, and water heater shown and labeled.
Outlets are 200-V for electric appliances as needed,
or gas and 110-V outlets.
❑ Garage door junction boxes with switches for automatic door openers.
❑ Television, telephone, separate Internet jack, and
computer outlets shown and labeled on separate
circuits.
❑ Vacuum system outlets located and labeled.
❑ Circuit panel location, and specifications.
❑ Door buzzer and chime location.
❑ Smoke detectors at each bedroom or sleeping area.
❑ Review all specific notes.
❑ General notes.
❑ Drawing title and scale.
❑ Title block information.
450
UP 1'-6"
UTILITY
DINING
FAMILY
SHOP
9'-5" X 7'-1"
12'-6" X 11'-5"
17'-4" X 11'-5"
17'-0" X 11'-5"
LINE OF UPPER
FLOOR
PANTRY
LINE OF 7'-0" CLG
DN 7 1/2"
BATH
UP 1'-2"
GARAGE
22'-5" X 23'-4"
ENTRY
FIGURE 1919 Base sheet for the floor plan used in Chapter 18.
12'-9" X 15'-4"
DW
GD TC
UP 1'-6"
COVERED PORCH
LS
Architectural Drafting and Design
LINE OF
UPPER FLOOR
DN 7 1/2"
LINE OF
7'-0" CLG
34" RAIL
LIVING
12'-11" X 15'-4"
UP 14R
KITCHEN
S&P
CLOSET
GFCI
WP
UTILITY
9'-5" X 7'-1"
GFCI
DINING
FAMILY
Chapter 19: Electrical Plans
UP 1'-6"
GFCI
SHOP
12'-6" X 11'-5"
17'-4" X 11'-5"
17'-0" X 11'-5"
GFCI
LINE OF UPPER
FLOOR
LINE OF 7'-0" CLG
DN 7 1/2"
3
TV
3
72"
3
GFCI
BATH
LF
GFCI
3
LINE OF
UPPER FLOOR
GFCI
WP
3
GARAGE
22'-5" X 23'-4"
GFCI
GFCI
GFCI
DW
J
GFCI
GD TC GFCILS
J
J
3
3
GFCI
GFCI
3
DN 7 1/2"
ENTRY
UP 1'-2"
12'-9" X 15'-4"
S&P
CLOSET
LINE OF
7'-0" CLG
34" RAIL
UP 14R
LIVING
3
GFCI
KITCHEN
SD
12'-11" X 15'-4"
GFCI
WP
3
C
3
PANTRY
TV
CLG
DOOR OPENER
CLG
DOOR OPENER
UP 1'-6"
COVERED PORCH
GFCI
FIGURE 1920 Step 1: Draw all light fixtures. Step 2: Place all electrical outlets, such as duplex convenience, range, television, clock, and junction boxes. Step 3: Draw all additional
electrical symbols including doorbells, smoke detectors, fans, and power panels. Step 4: Letter all switch locations and provide switch characteristics, such as three-way switches.
451
452
UP 1'-6"
GFCI
WP
UTILITY
9'-5" X 7'-1"
GFCI
DINING
FAMILY
GFCI
SHOP
12'-6" X 11'-5"
17'-4" X 11'-5"
17'-0" X 11'-5"
GFCI
LINE OF UPPER
FLOOR
LINE OF 7'-0" CLG
DN 7 1/2"
3
TV
3
72"
3
GFCI
BATH
LF
GFCI
3
GD
J
RANGE & HOOD
W/LIGHT & FAN VENT
TO OUTSIDE AIR
GFCI
GFCI
TC
LS
GFCI
J
CLG
DOOR OPENER
CLG
DOOR OPENER
UP 1'-6"
COVERED PORCH
GFCI
MAIN FLOOR ELECTRICAL
SCALE: 1/4" = 1'-0"
FIGURE 1921 Step 5: Draw electrical circuits or switch legs from switches to fixtures using a dashed arc line. Step 6: Letter all notes, and the drawing title and scale.
Architectural Drafting and Design
LINE OF
UPPER FLOOR
GFCI
WP
3
DW
J
GARAGE
22'-5" X 23'-4"
3
3
GFCI
GFCI
GFCI
GFCI
3
DN 7 1/2"
ENTRY
UP 1'-2"
12'-9" X 15'-4"
S&P
CLOSET
LINE OF
7'-0" CLG
34" RAIL
UP 14R
LIVING
3
GFCI
KITCHEN
SD
12'-11" X 15'-4"
GFCI
WP
3
C
3
PANTRY
TV
BATH
BED#1
12'-11" X 19'-3"
LF
H
SD
BED#2
10'-10" X 11'-5"
GFCI
3
24" X 36" OPENABLE
INSULATED TEMP
GLASS SKYLIGHT
7.
3
LINEN
36" RAIL
GFCI
34" RAIL
DN 14R
3
3 3
SD
22" X 30"
ATTIC ACCESS
WP
S&DBL P
S&P
CLOSET
BED#3
S&P
SD
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
BATH
30" WIDE
KNEE SPACE
S&P
CLOSET
S&P
10'-10" X 11'-9"
LF
WALK-IN
CLOSET
3.
4.
5.
6.
SD
TV
2.
GFCI
24" X 24" DBL
INSULATED TEMP
GLASS SKYLIGHT
GFCI
13.
14.
15.
UPPER FLOOR ELECTRICAL
ALL GARAGE AND EXTERIOR PLUGS AND LIGHT FIXTURES
TO BE ON GFCI CIRCUIT.
ALL KITCHEN PLUGS AND LIGHT FIXTURES TO BE ON GFCI
CIRCUIT.
PROVIDE A SEPARATE CIRCUIT FOR MICROWAVE OVEN.
PROVIDE A SEPARATE CIRCUIT FOR PERSONAL
COMPUTER. VERIFY LOCATION WITH OWNER.
VERIFY ALL ELECTRICAL LOCATIONS W/ OWNER.
EXTERIOR SPOTLIGHTS TO BE ON PHOTOELECTRIC CELL
W/ TIMER.
ALL RECESSED LIGHTS IN EXTERIOR CEILINGS TO BE
INSULATION COVER RATED.
ELECTRICAL OUTLET PLATE GASKETS SHALL BE INSULATED
ON RECEPTACLE, SWITCH, AND ANY OTHER BOXES IN
EXTERIOR WALL.
PROVIDE THERMOSTATICALLY CONTROLLED FAN IN ATTIC
WITH MANUAL OVERRIDE. VERIFY LOCATION WITH OWNER.
ALL FANS TO VENT TO OUTSIDE AIR. ALL FAN DUCTS TO
HAVE AUTOMATIC DAMPERS.
HOT WATER TANKS TO BE INSULATED TO R-11 MINIMUM.
INSULATE ALL HOT WATER LINES TO R-4 MINIMUM.
PROVIDE AN ALTERNATE BID TO INSULATE ALL PIPES FOR
NOISE CONTROL.
PROVIDE 6 SQ FT OF VENT FOR COMBUSTION AIR TO
OUTSIDE AIR FOR FIREPLACE CONNECTED DIRECTLY TO
FIREBOX. PROVIDE FULLY CLOSABLE AIR INLET.
HEATING TO BE ELECTRIC HEAT PUMP. PROVIDE BID FOR
SINGLE UNIT NEAR GARAGE OR FOR A UNIT EACH FLOOR
(IN ATTIC).
INSULATE ALL HEATING DUCTS IN UNHEATED AREAS TO
R-11. ALL HVAC DUCTS TO BE SEALED AT JOINTS AND
CORNERS.
Chapter 19: Electrical Plans
ELECTRICAL NOTES
1.
SCALE: 1/4" = 1'-0"
ELECTRICAL LEGEND
110 VOLT DUPLEX CONVENIENCE OUTLET
GFCI
GFCI
WP
TV
CLOCK OUTLET
CIRCULAR RECESSED LIGHT
110 VOLT GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPT DUPLEX OUTLET
DOORBELL
SQUARE RECESSED LIGHT
110 VOLT WATERPROOF GFCI DUPLEX OUTLET
SINGLE-POLE SWITCH
LF
LIGHT, FAN COMBINATION
THREE-WAY SWITCH
LF
H
LIGHT, FAN, HEAT COMBINATION
220 VOLT OUTLET
CEILING-MOUNTED LIGHT
SD
CEILING-MOUNTED SMOKE DETECTOR
JUNCTION BOX
WALL-MOUNTED LIGHT
CABLE TELEVISION OUTLET
FLUORESCENT LIGHT
110 VOLT SPLIT-WIRED OUTLET
J
C
3
SD
WALL-MOUNTED SMOKE DETECTOR
453
FIGURE 1922 The upper floor electrical plan for the model home used in this textbook.
454
Architectural Drafting and Design
CADD APPLICATIONS
Drawing Electrical Symbols with CADD
As floor plans are generated for construction documents,
other plans may be needed to complete the construction
set of working drawings. In both residential and
commercial applications, the addition of an electrical
plan is normally required. Many companies provide
two separate drawings for residential and commercial
projects. One drawing is the floor plan completely
dimensioned, and the other drawing is a floor plan that
includes the walls, doors, and windows with electrical
symbols added. In many cases, a base floor plan drawing
is used as an underlay, and then electrical symbols are
drawn over the top creating a composite electrical plan
drawing.
In architectural CADD programs, you can select
symbols from pull-down menus, icon menus, dialog
boxes, and tablet menus. These software programs
provide you with maximum variety and flexibility to
create a high-quality electrical plan in an efficient
manner. Figure 19-23 displays examples of standard
electrical symbols used in architectural projects, and
Figure 19-24 shows a typical electrical plan for a
residence.
Most of the common electrical symbols are provided
with the software of many of the CADD programs. When
these symbols are available, you select the desired
symbol from a menu, dialog box, palette, or library and
insert the symbol into position on the drawing. In the
event that a desired electrical symbol is not available,
you are often given tools to create custom electrical
symbol libraries.
Parametric design plays an important role in
applications such as ceiling lighting grids. In these types
of programs, you specify the room width, length, ceiling
height, and grid size. The computer then automatically
draws the entire ceiling grid. After the ceiling grid is in
position, lighting fixtures can be assigned. In the event of
a design change, such as the repositioning of the ceiling
grid, a height change to the grid, or a room size change,
the lighting fixture symbols attached to the ceiling grid
are automatically adjusted, greatly reducing the amount
of time it takes to revise the drawing.
AutoCAD, for example, includes a powerful drawing
information manager called DesignCenter. A number
of symbol libraries are installed with AutoCAD that are
available as drawing (.dwg) files. Numerous different
files contain architectural symbols and other types of
content. The symbols in each library can be accessed
in DesignCenter and dragged and dropped into your
drawing.
Revit, an Autodesk, Inc. product, is architectural
modeling software that also includes a number of
parametric electrical symbols. These parametric symbols
understand when they are attached to ceiling and wall
objects. If the ceiling or wall objects are modified, the
electrical symbols react to the changes such as moving
with the wall or ceiling.
There are also a number of online resources with
electrical symbols in different CADD file formats for use
in your floor plans. ■
COMM_TV
V CONNECTION
STARTER
T
- COMBO
TV
CEILING FFAN 42
COMM_TV
STARTER
T
- MAGNETIC
S
COMM_SPEAKER
STARTER
T
- MANUAL
T
TV
Access Panel
EXIT SIGN
EXIT DIR
FLUOR_1X4
EXIT_WALL
W
MOUNT
COMM_PHONE JACK 2
COMM_PHONE JACK
B
COMM_BELL
FLUOR_2X2
FLUOR_1X4 NIGHT
FLUOR_1X4 EMERGENCY
FLUOR_2X2 NIGHT
POWER_PANEL
P
FLUOR_1X8
Fan
PANEL BOARD
P
H
Power_220 Recpt
FLUOR_1X8 NIGHT
FLUOR_1X8 EMERGENCY
SMOKE DETECTOR
T
THERMOSTAT
A
Power_Quad Recep
J
JUNCTION BOX - ROUND
TRACK_5 HEAD - 12FT
INC_EMERGENCY - WALL
W
J
JUNCTION BOX - SQUARE
TRACK_4 HEAD - 10FT
INC_WALL
W
MOUNT
D
DIMMER
CB
CIRCUIT BREAKER
B
BUZZER
TRACK_3 HEAD - 6FT
BELL
TRACK_3 HEAD - 4FT
HORN
INC_EMERGENCY
INC_ROUND
SWITCH_SINGLE POLE
INC_EMERGENCY - SQUARE 2
SWITCH_DIMMER
INC_EMERGENCY - SQUARE 1
SWITCH_3 - WAY
A
INC_EMERGENCY - ROUND
SWITCH_4 - WAY
A
FIGURE 1923 Examples of electrical symbols used in CADD drawings.
FLUOR_2X2 EMERGENCY
FLUOR_2X4
Power_Duplex Recpt
B
SD
HEAT DETECTOR
SPECIAL CONNECTION
H
INC_CEILING
E
CEILING FFAN 48
FLUOR_2X4 NIGHT
TRACK_4 HEAD - 8FT
TRACK_2 HEAD - 3FT
FLUOR_2X4 EMERGENCY
Chapter 19: Electrical Plans
455
CADD APPLICATIONS
WP
sss
F
s
BEDROOM
REC. ROOM
F
T
ss
s
s
s
S
SD
SD
T
TV
F
F
110V QUAD RECEPTA
T CLE
220V RECEPTA
T CLE
LIGHT FIXTURE
RECESSED LIGHT
SMOKE DETECTOR
TELEPHONE JACK
CABLE TELEVISION JACK
FAN
F
FAN/LIGHT
FIXTURE
WET BAR
ss
s
s
SINGLE-POLE SWITC
I H
THREE-WAY
W SWITCH
FOUR-WAY
W SWITCH
SWITCH WITH DIMMER
SWITCH WITH TIMER
110V DUPLEX RECEPTA
T CLE
A
COVER
W 110V WITH WEATHERPROOF
WP
L INTERRUPT CIRCUIT
GFI 110V ON GROUND FAULT
FLOOR DUPLEX RECEPTA
T CLE
SPLIT-WIRED RECEPTA
T CLE
s
ELECTRICAL INDEX
s
s3
s4
sD
sT
BEDROOM
T
F
s
s
ss3
ss
s
s
s
T
s
ss
3
DEN
GARAGE
S
SD
WP
MAIN FLOOR ELECTRIC PLAN
SCALE: 1/4" = 1'-0"
FIGURE 1924 Sample electrical plan for a residence. Courtesy Ron Palma, 3D-DZYN.
456
GOING
GREEN
Electricity Generation from Wind Power
The following information was taken in part from
the Southwest Windpower Web sites located at
www.windenergy.com, and www.skystreamenergy.
com. Skystream 3.7, developed by Southwest Windpower
in collaboration with the U.S. Department of Energy’s
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), is the
newest generation of residential wind technology.
Skystream is the first fully integrated small wind
generator designed specifically for the utility grid–
connected market.
AWARD-WINNING TECHNOLOGY
Skystream 3.7 was named a 2007 Top Green Building
Product by Sustainable Industries, a magazine for green
business leaders. Skystream was also awarded a 2006
Best of What’s New Award from the editors of Popular
Science and was included in TIME magazine’s 2006 Best
Inventions.
RESIDENTIAL WIND POWER
ELECTRICITY GENERATION
Skystream is the first all-inclusive wind generator with
built-in controls and inverter designed specifically for
utility grid–connected residential and commercial use.
This small wind generator allows home and business
owners to harness the free power of the wind and take
control of their energy bills like never before. Early
adopters have reported a savings of more than 50%
on their energy bills. The Skystream 3.7 is shown in
Figure 19-25.
Specifically for Grid-Connectivity
The Skystream is specifically designed for utility grid–
connected homes and businesses. In certain states,
consumers can take advantage of “net-metering,” which
is the sale of unused energy back to the power grid as
shown in Figure 19-26.
How the Skystream Works
Skystream offers a simple, all-in-one solution for
harnessing wind energy on a residential scale.
Different from all other technologies, Skystream 3.7
is the first all-inclusive wind generator with built-in
controls and an inverter. An inverter is an appliance
used to convert independent DC power into standard
household AC current. During installation, the
Skystream is connected to the electric meter, and
nothing else changes inside the home. The Skystream
works together with the electric utility to power the
FIGURE 1925 The Skystream 3.7 is the first residential,
utility grid–connected small wind power turbine designed
for residential use and commercial applications. Courtesy
Southwest Windpower.
home or business. When the wind is not blowing,
electricity is supplied by the utility company. When
there is wind, the Skystream provides clean, quiet
electricity. When the Skystream generates more
electricity than needed, the meter can actually spin
backwards, which means you are selling electricity
back to the utility company.
Energy Production in Exceptionally
Low Wind Speeds
Designed for low wind speeds, Skystream 3.7 has a
2.4 kW rating and begins producing power in an 8 mph
(3.5 m/s) breeze with full output achieved at 20 mph
(9 m/s). Determine the average wind speed in your area
by going to www.windenergy.com/globalwindmaps/
united_states.htm.
Low Profile
Skystream was designed to blend in with its surroundings.
When mounted on towers ranging from 33' to 60' (10.6 to
457
GOING
GREEN
Electricity Generation from Wind Power (Continued)
Disconnect
Switch
Meter
Skystream provides
electricity to home
Home connected
to utility grid
FIGURE 1926 How the Skystream 3.7 wind power electricity generator works. Courtesy Southwest Windpower.r
18.3 m), it has little visual or audible impact on its
surroundings. Towers up to 110' (33.5 m) are also
available. A site assessment is important to determine
the best tower height for your specific site locations.
Quiet Operation
The Skystream is exceptionally quiet during operation.
In fact, Skystream’s sound is unrecognizable over trees
blowing in the wind. The sound pressure level generated
by Skystream is in the range of 40 to 50 decibels, which is
quieter than background noise in a home or office.
RESIDENTIAL WIND POWER INSTALLATION
Southwest Windpower recommends installing Skystream
3.7 at sites with the following criteria:
• Adequate wind resource. Minimum average wind speed
for Skystream 3.7 is 10 mph (4.5 m/s). Ideal sites have
12 mph (5.4 m/s) average wind or greater.
• Site free from obstructions. Clean, unobstructed wind is
best for Skystream 3.7. The top of the tower should be
a minimum of 20' (6 m) above any surrounding object
within a 300' (91.5 m) radius. Although the machine
can be installed on smaller lots of land, properties of
1 acre or more are typically ideal and generally have
unobstructed wind.
• Suitable zoning. Tower installation must comply with
local zoning regulations. It is also advisable to make
sure there are no Home Owner Association (HOA)
regulations that prohibit the use of towers.
• Interconnection with utility. The local utility must allow
for interconnection. The 1979 federal Public Utility
Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) requires that small
systems be allowed to connect to the electrical grid,
but home owners should consult their local utility.
• Electricity cost of $0.10/kWh or greater. Consumers
should consult with their local utility or look at their
electric bill.
REMOTE WIND POWER GENERATOR
INSTALLATIONS
The Southwest Windpower Whisper and Air series
generators provide dependable energy for remote
homes, telecommunications sites, water pumping,
and other rural applications in moderate to extreme
environments. Whisper generators provide direct
current to batteries, which store the energy until it
is needed. Standard residential alternating current
appliances can be used if the power is run through
an inverter before use. The Air series generator
incorporates a microprocessor-based technology for
increased performance, improved battery charging
capability, greater reliability, and reduced noise.
Figure 19-27 shows how the remote wind power
electric generator works.
458
GOING
GREEN
Electricity Generation from Wind Power (Continued)
Wind
generator
PV array
Batteries provide
electricity to home
Inverter
Battery bank
Whisper
charge
controller
Whisper provides
electricity to batteries
PV panels provide
electricity to batteries
FIGURE 1927 How the remote wind power electric generator works. Courtesy Southwest Windpower.
TAX INCENTIVES FOR WIND POWER
GENERATORS
Depending on the tower and installation costs, wind
speed average, rebates, and local electricity costs,
the Skystream 3.7 can pay for itself in as little as five
years. On October 3, 2008, the Emergency Economic
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
See CD for more information
The following Web sites can be used as a resource to
help you research available products and floor plan
design options.
These Web site links are also provided on the Student
CD where you can select a link and go automatically to
the specified Web site.
Address
www.avnow.com
www.broan.com
www.nutone.com
Stabilization Act of 2008, HR 1424, was passed, which
included a new federal-level tax credit for qualified
small wind turbines including consumers who purchase
Skystream 3.7. Check with your tax advisor to confirm the
availability in your area.
Company, Product,
or Service
Audio video environments
Bath fans
Central cleaning systems,
intercoms
www.beamvac.com
www.homedepot.com
www.lowes.com
www.squared.com
www.caddepot.com
www.catalog.com
www.leviton.com
Central vacuum systems
Electrical fixtures
Electrical fixtures
Electrical systems
For use in assembling
CADD symbol
libraries
For use in assembling
CADD symbol
libraries
Lighting controls
Chapter 19: Electrical Plans
459
www.grandlighting.com/design
www.lutron.com
www.skystreamenergy.com
Lighting design and
placement
RadioRA, home lighting
control system
www.windenergy.com
www.alcatel-lucent.com
www.onqtech.com
Skystream 3.7 small wind
generator
Southwest Windpower
Wiring systems
Wiring systems
See CD
for more
information
Electrical Plans Test
QUESTIONS
DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions with short, complete statements or drawings as needed on an 8 1/2" × 11" sheet
of notebook paper, or complete the electronic chapter test on
the Student CD.
1. Letter your name, Chapter 19 Test, and the date at the top of
the sheet.
2. Letter the question number and provide the answer. You do
not need to write the question. Answers can be prepared on
a word processor if approved by your course guidelines.
Question 19–1 Duplex convenience outlets in living
areas should be a maximum of how many feet apart?
Question 19–2 Duplex convenience outlets in living
areas should be no more than how many feet from
a corner?
Question 19–3 Describe at least four energy-efficient
considerations related to electrical design.
Question 19–4 Draw the proper floor plan symbol for:
a. Duplex convenience outlet
b. Range outlet
c. Recessed circuit breaker panel
d. Phone
e. Light
f. Wall-mounted light
g. Single-pole switch
h. Simplified fluorescent light fixture
i. Fan
Question 19–5 Why is it poor practice to place a switch
behind a door swing?
Question 19–6 What is a GFCI duplex convenience
outlet?
Question 19–7 The average single-family residence
should be equipped with how many amps of
electrical service?
Question 19–8 Define outlet box.
Question 19–9 When does rough-in of electrical wiring
take place?
Question 19–10 Define outlet.
Question 19–11 Define lighting outlet.
Question 19–12 What is the code requirement for the
spacing of outlets in a kitchen?
Question 19–13 Give two possible abbreviations for the
ground fault circuit interrupter.
Question 19–14 Define structured wiring systems.
Question 19–15 Where are smoke detectors required?
PROBLEMS
Problem 19–1 Draw a typical floor plan representation
of the following:
a. Three-way switch controlling three ceiling-
mounted lighting fixtures
b. Four-way switch to a one ceiling-mounted lighting
fixture
c. Single-pole switch to a wall-mounted light fixture
d. Single-pole switch to a split-wired duplex conve-
nience outlet
Problem 19–2 Draw a typical small bathroom layout with
a tub, water closet, one sink vanity, one wall-mounted
light over the sink with a single-pole switch at the
door, a GFCI duplex convenience outlet next to the
sink, a ceiling-mounted light-fan-heat unit with a timed
switch at the door, and a proper vent note for the fan.
Problem 19–3 Draw a typical kitchen layout with a
double light above the sink, dishwasher, range with
oven below and proper vent note, refrigerator, centered
ceiling-recessed fluorescent lighting fixture, adequate
GFCI duplex convenience outlets, and garbage
disposal.
460
Architectural Drafting and Design
Problem 19–4 Use the drawing of the house floor plan
that you started in Chapter 18 and do one of the
following as directed by your instructor:
a. Continue by drawing the electrical plan on the
same floor plan or plans that you completed in
Chapter 18. Use the steps outlined in this chapter.
b. Use the floor plan or plans that you created in
Chapter 18 as the base drawing and create a separate electrical plan as outlined in the steps provided in this chapter.
c. Prepare your CADD drawing using the appropriate
electrical plan layers.