9/15/2016
THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF
SMOKING AND E-CIGARETTES
AND TIPS TO QUIT
Ashley Shelton
&
Eric Weber
BACKGROUND
•
Kentucky dramatically exceeds the
national mortality and incidence rates
for lung cancer:
Mortality
70.9 KY vs. 47.2 US
Incidence
97.5 KY vs. 63.6 US
Per 100,000 residents
•
The proportion of Stage III and Stage
IV lung cancer at the time of diagnosis
averages 70% in the US; based on
Kentucky Cancer Registry preliminary
analyses from 2011-2013 this rate is
significantly high at 81% in our
targeted NE KY region.
By: National Cancer Institute http://statecancerprofiles.cancer.gov
LUNG CANCER MORTALITY RATES PER
100,000
Bath
85.8
Lewis
83.5
Boyd
65.3
Menifee
98.4
Carter
73.6
Montgomery
72.5
Elliott
58.5
Morgan
74.7
Fleming
60.0
Powell
125.3
Lawrence
87.2
Rowan
69.6
US average 47.2
By: National Cancer Institute
http://statecancerprofiles.cancer.gov
1
9/15/2016
THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF SMOKING AND ECIGARETTES
By Craig Sunter from Manchester, UK - De-stress, CC BY
2.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=24231
582
By E-cig Twigg - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4841
0180
WHAT ARE HEALTH EFFECTS OF TOBACCO?
https://therealcost.betobaccofree.hhs.gov/tobaccobasics.html
WHAT ARE HEALTH EFFECTS OF TOBACCO?
https://therealcost.betobaccofree.hhs
.gov/tobacco-basics.html
2
9/15/2016
WHAT IS IN TOBACCO PRODUCTS?
https://therealcost.betobaccofree.hhs.gov/
tobacco-basics.html
WHAT ARE IN E-CIGARETTES?



"The main component of e-cigarettes is the e-liquid
contained in cartridges. To create an e-liquid, nicotine is
extracted from tobacco and mixed with a base (usually
propylene glycol), and may also include flavorings, colorings
and other chemicals."
Not fully regulated (yet). As of today, companies must be
registered, but have two years to complete application to
manufacture.
Prior sales to February 15, 2007 = product eligible for
grandfather status
http://www.lung.org/stop-smoking/smokingfacts/e-cigarettes-and-lung-health.html
WHY DO THOSE THINGS CAUSE PROBLEMS?

Complex mechanisms

Cell signalling and mimicry

Direct damage
Cell
“Sender“
Cell
“Receiver“
By Harbin - Own work, Public Domain,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1
629854
3
9/15/2016
ONE POSSIBILITY
By Harbin - Own work, Public Domain,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8057
07
DEATH AND DISABILITY

Lung Cancer

Other Cancer

Heart Disease

Lung Disease

COPD
LUNGS


Complex system of the lower airway
Provides the link between the
atmosphere and the blood

Brings in Oxygen

Removes Carbon Dioxide
By Patrick J. Lynch, medical illustrator - Patrick
J. Lynch, medical illustrator, CC BY 2.5,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?cur
id=1485916
4
9/15/2016
LUNG CELL TYPES

Cells have different
structures and functions

Mucus

Cilia

Barriers

Housekeeping
By Jpogi at English Wikipedia - Transferred
from en.wikipedia to Commons., Public Domain,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8
043927
TEAMWORK
By Carol M. Highsmith - Library of CongressCatalog:
http://lccn.loc.gov/2010720809Image download:
https://cdn.loc.gov/master/pnp/highsm/11300/11339a.tifOriginal url:
http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/highsm.11339, Public Domain,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=50987993
LUNG CANCER
Lungs + Cancer
By Mirmo19 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Respiratory_
system_complete_numbered.svg, Public Domain,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3
1014057
By Cancer Research UK - Original email from CRUK, CC BY-SA 4.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=34333085
5
9/15/2016
HOW DO WE NAME CANCERS?

How the cancer cells look under a microscope

The type of cells the cancer started as

Genetics
Public Domain,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6
58483
LUNG CANCER TYPES


About 80% to 85% of lung
cancers are non-small cell lung
cancer (NSCLC)
subtypes of NSCLC, which start
from different types of lung cells.
http://www.cancer.org/cancer/lungcance
r-non-smallcell/detailedguide/non-smallcell-lung-cancer-what-is-non-small-celllung-cancer
By Yale Rosen from USA - Poorly differentiated non-small cell
carcinoma NOS with a massive host inflammatory response Case 267Uploaded by CFCF, CC BY-SA 2.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=31127077
NSCLC TYPES




Adenocarcinoma
Squamous cell (epidermoid)
carcinoma
Large cell (undifferentiated)
carcinoma
Other subtypes
By Cancer Research UK - Original email from CRUK,
CC BY-SA 4.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3
4333603
6
9/15/2016
OTHER LUNG CANCER TYPES

Small Cell

Carcinoid
Treatment and Survival
•
Dependent on type and
stage
By Cancer Research UK - Original email from CRUK, CC
BY-SA 4.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=343336
45
TIPS TO QUIT
• Get rid of ALL cigarettes and
ashtrays in your home, car, or
workplace
• Keep your hands busy!
• Find support
• Avoid your smoking triggers
• Stay away from areas high in
cigarette smoke
• Remind yourself of why you are
doing this
• Stay busy
• Reward yourself
•Build a quit plan
• Enjoy the perks of being a
nonsmoker
By: US Department of
Health and Human Services
SUPPORTING A QUITTER
• Start the conversation
• Be patient and positive
•Create an opening
•Don’t be too hard on them if they
slip
•Ask Questions
•Listen
• Celebrate successes big and
small
•Don’t lecture
• Help them de-stress
•Offer distractions
• Be there for the long haul
By: www.smokefree.gov
7
9/15/2016
RESOURCES
• Quit now Kentucky www.quitnowkentucky.org
• www.smokefree.gov
• Your local health department
• QuitNow! or My QuitBuddy apps
• Talk with your health care provider
https://play.google.com/store/apps/detail
s?id=com.theprojectfactory.quitbuddy
QUESTIONS?
By Office on Women's Health - http://www.girlshealth.gov/substance/smoking/index.cfm, Public
Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9002885
8