Grid Integration of ENERCON Wind Turbines

Grid Integration of ENERCON Wind Turbines

ENERCON Sales - Grid Integration

Richard Ogiewa, M. Eng.

07 October 2015, Stockholm

Which turbine type?

Where is the PoC?

How many turbines?

Is there more than one PoC?

“I want to build X turbines.

The project has to fulfill the grid code.”

Which voltage level at the PoC?

Which grid code?

What is ENERCON‘s scope?

© Copyright ENERCON GmbH. All rights reserved.

2

Agenda

ENERCON in general

Main parameters of a power system

Turbine concept

A typical wind power project

Ongoing development

Conclusions

Career at ENERCON

Field trip


3

ENERCON – overview

Headquarter

Employees

Production facilities (national)

Production facilities (international)

Production area

Sales offices

Service stations

Logistics

Aurich

> 15,000

Aurich, Emden, Magdeburg, Haren

Sweden, Brazil, Turkey, Portugal, Canada,

Austria, France

870,000 m² (as of 2015)

9 domestic; 36 international more than 300 worldwide

- E-Ship 1 (transport ship)

- e.g.o.o. Eisenbahngesellschaft Ostfriesland-Oldenburg mbH

- Mobile cranes up to 1,600 t

- Hundreds of service vehicles


Global activities of ENERCON

Canada

Germany

France

Portugal

Sweden

Austria

Turkey

Brazil

 ENERCON is active in many markets with production facilities in 8 countries.


Installed power of ENERCON turbines

5

4

3

2

1

Installed power (Export)

Installed power (Germany)

Cumulative power

0

1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012

0

 Over 24100 ENERCON turbines with more than 37 GW installed worldwide (as of May 2015).

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5


ENERCON product overview

ENERCON produces only onshore turbines


Agenda

ENERCON in general


Turbine concept


Ongoing development

Conclusions

Career at ENERCON

Field trip


8

Components of Electrical Power Systems

What does an electrical power system consist of (simplified)?

Generation

Higher

Transmission

Voltage level

Distribution & Consumption

Lower


9


1) Frequency “f”

Depends on the balance between power production and consumption

From Portugal to Turkey: same frequency

NORDEL mainly independent from Central Europe


10


Frequency f depends on the balance of active power in a power system

Generation = Consumption f = const.

Generation < Consumption f ↓

Generation > Consumption f ↑







2) Voltage “U”

Depends on (active and) reactive power flows, and on system design

Needed and provided locally


dU

12


Voltage U as a local parameter

Voltage drops along the line between generator and consumer

Change of reactive power flows changes the voltage

Distance


13






2) Voltage “U”

Depends on (active and) reactive power flows, and on system design

Needed and provided locally

Possible influence of Wind Power Plants:

Change of active power flow Influence on

Change of reactive power flow Influence on


Frequency

Voltage dU

14

Agenda

ENERCON in general


Turbine concept


Ongoing development

Conclusions

Career at ENERCON

Field trip


15

Typical ENERCON features

Even air flow for higher energy yield

Direct driven generator

Rotor blade with spoiler „Tip” reduces sound emission


16

Basic Electrical Design

Generation

Generator

Rectifier

Controls

Excitation

Pitch Drives

Yaw Drives

E-82 E3


17


Conversion

E-82 E3

Power Cabinets

LV Distribution

MV Switchgear

Transformer

Control Cabinet

UPS


18


Key characteristics

Type 4 Wind Turbine Generator (WTG), without gearbox

Full scale power converters decouple the annular generator from the grid

Available for 50Hz and 60Hz grids: no special version required


19


Key characteristics

Type 4 Wind Turbine Generator (WTG), without gearbox

Full scale power converters decouple the annular generator from the grid

Available for 50Hz and 60Hz grids: no special version required

Performance on grid mainly determined by inverter(s)


20

Agenda

ENERCON in general


Turbine concept


Ongoing development

Conclusions

Career at ENERCON

Field trip


21


PoC

Grid

Scope of: ENERCON Collector system sub-supplier HV system subsupplier


22

Voltage and frequency operation range

23

Voltage and frequency operation range


Source:

VJV2013

24

Steady state reactive power capability

25

Steady state reactive power capability


Source:

VJV2013

26

Reactive power capability of a wind farm

P

Grid code requirement

PQ-Range at PoC

Pmin

Q

Grid

Reactive power capability of a wind farm needs to be calculated project specifically


27

Steady state use of reactive power

28

Wind farm control at the PoC

Farm Control Unit (FCU) enables very fast control of P, Q, U, Pf at the PoC!

PoC

Grid

SCADA bus

FCU bus

SCADA Server


FCU

29

Reactive power and voltage controls

Power system voltage

Voltage decreases over length of power line

Wind Farms can provide reactive power to contribute to grid voltage control

Q

Distance


Power frequency control

31

Power frequency control

Curtailment in normal operation possible

P limit1

P limit2/3

P limit4

P limit5 f limit1 f limit2 f n f limit3

Frequency f limit4


f limit5

32

Online communication

33

Online communication with the wind farm

Customer

ENERCON Service

Grid Operator

Communication

Network

Grid

SCADA Server


FCU

34

Agenda

ENERCON in general


Turbine concept


Ongoing development

Conclusions

Career at ENERCON

Field trip


35

Fault ride through (FRT)

36

Fault ride through (FRT)

A typical short circuit in the grid


Time

37

Aim of Fault Ride Through (FRT)

Simulated fault in German transmission system

Voltage collapses around fault location

Without Fault Ride Through (FRT)

• Turbines disconnect

• Loss of production

• Imbalance of load and generation

• Risk of blackout

Most grid codes today ask for FRT

Modern turbines support voltage during fault


Source: E.ON Netz

38

Fault Ride Through (FRT)

Why ongoing development?

Turbine performance during FRT not specified in Scandinavia


Source:

VJV2013

39

ENERCON FRT Performance

Under and Over Voltage Ride Through

All current ENERCON turbines can ride through:

• Symmetrical and asymmetrical faults

• Under- and over voltage conditions for up to 5 seconds per event

• Faults down to 0V at turbine’s low voltage terminals

1.2

0.9

0.8

0

0

5

Time [s]


60

40

Inertia Emulation

41

Inertia Emulation

Overview about characteristics

Extraction of kinetic energy stored in rotating mass

No curtailment in normal operation necessary, no loss of yield

Project-specific parameterization

Triggered by absolute frequency


42

Future system needs

43

Transition from conventional to renewable generation

What will change?

Generation

Higher

Transmission

Voltage level

Distribution & Consumption + Generation

Lower


44

Status of penetration with renewables

All technical system needs have to be covered at any time.

Explicit and inherent system beneficial features of rotating generators have to be replaced somehow.

But: Markets today reflect mainly energy (MWh).

They do not cover all physical system needs when rotating generators are replaced by inverters

(Wind + PV).


45

Agenda

ENERCON in general


Turbine concept


Ongoing development

Conclusions

Career at ENERCON

Field trip


46

Conclusions

„The project has to fulfill the grid code“

Project speficic studies need to be done in order to judge if a project fulfills the grid code

Wind farms with ENERCON turbines can fulfill even demanding grid codes

Wind farms have already today extensive capabilities to support the grid…

… however they are often largely underutilized through system operators

To anticipate the challanges imposed by the transition to a higher share of renewable generators we need more research and cooperation between all involved parties


47

Agenda

ENERCON in general


Turbine concept


Ongoing development

Conclusions

Career at ENERCON

Field trip


48

Career at ENERCON

ENERCON welcomes young professionals, graduates and students for internships or theses

Different ways to find your position at ENERCON

• Check out our career portal for vacant positions: http://www.enercon.de/en/career-portal/

• Send an email to studenten@enercon.de including cover letter, CV, and latest certificate from university. Explain your motivation and what you are looking for:

Internship, thesis, job

• Visit our HR team at one of the many fairs


49

Agenda

ENERCON in general


Turbine concept


Ongoing development

Conclusions

Career at ENERCON

Field trip


50

Agenda for the study visit in Aurich on 24th November 2015

09:45 to 11:45

• Visit of nacelle and generator production

11:45 to 12:45

• Drive to and visit of blade production

12:45 to 13:30

• Lunch

13:30 to 16:00

• Visit of „Renewable Energy Center“ with E-

115 nacelle and more


51

Richard Ogiewa

M. Eng.

Sales – Grid Integration Engineer

ENERCON GmbH - Sweden

Arlövsvägen 9

211 24 MALMÖ

SWEDEN direct: +46 40 3814 35 mobile: +46 723 506006 switchboard: +46 40 1435 80 mail: richard.ogiewa@enercon.de

www.enercon.de/en-en/

Imprint

Publisher: ENERCON GmbH ▪ Dreekamp 5 ▪ 26605 Aurich ▪ Germany

Phone: +49 4941 927-0

Copyright:

Fax: +49 4941 927-109

© ENERCON GmbH. Any reproduction, distribution and utilisation of this document as well as the communication of its contents to third parties without express authorisation is prohibited. Violators will be held liable for monetary damages. All rights reserved in the event of the grant of a patent, utility model or design.

Content subject to change: ENERCON GmbH reserves the right to change, improve and expand this document and the subject matter described herein at any time without prior notice.

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Date

2015-10-07

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Compiled/date: Richard Ogiewa / 2015-10-01

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Markus Fischer / 2015-10-06

Markus Fischer / 2015-10-06

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Sales – Grid Integraion

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53

Grid Integration of ENERCON Wind Turbines

Grid Integration of ENERCON Wind Turbines

“I want to build X turbines.

The project has to fulfill the grid code.”

Voltage and frequency operation range

Steady state reactive power capability

Steady state use of reactive power

Power frequency control

Online communication

Fault ride through (FRT)

Inertia Emulation

Future system needs

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Grid Integration of ENERCON Wind Turbines