www.rcmss.com ISSN 2350-2231 (Online) ISSN 2346-7215 (Print) www.rcmss.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH RESEARCH CENTRE FOR MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL STUDIES VOL. 2 NO. 1 OCTOBER 2013 ISSN 2350-2231 (Online) ISSN 2346-7215 (Print) (IJPAMR) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH (IJPAMR), VOLUME 2, NUMBER 1, OCTOBER, 2013. Website: http://www.rcmss.com ISSN 2350-2231(Online) ISSN 2346-7215(Print) Website: www.rcmss.com Language: English Frequency: Quarterly Published by Research Centre for Management and Social Studies, Nigeria in collaboration with Researchersworld, India About the Journal International Journal of Public Administration and Management (IJPAMR) is a peerreviewed quarterly and research-driven journal that provides an intellectual platform for the dissemination of critical, empirical and regular papers in public administration, management, social sciences and education. Through papers published, the journal hopes to accelerate development and governance in both developed and developing countries. Book reviews and reports are welcome. Submission of Manuscripts: Submission of manuscript is electronically by attachment via the email: rcmssjournals@gmail.com or rcmssorg@gmail.com. Manuscript should not be published else where or under consideration for publication. Preparation of Manuscript: The maximum length of intended articles for publication in the journal is 8000 words. A short abstract of 150-250 words with 4-5 key words should precede the introduction. Contributors are to submit a separate cover page containing their contact details. Corresponding authors of papers submitted should be indicated. Upon acceptance of paper, author would be required to sign a copyright transfer form. Authors will receive a copy of the volume containing their articles. All diagrams, tables, and figures should appear as appendix at the end of the paper. Reference: We accept American Psychological Association (APA) and a double or triple in text citation (Johnson, 2010 or Johnson, 2010:10). Editorial Contacts Research Centre for Management and Social Studies, P. O. Box 3332 (General Post Office), Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. officercmss@gmail.com Researchersworld, Educational Research Multimedia & Publications, S.N. 21, Plot No 24, M.G. Road, Malegaon Nasik MS India - 423203. Contact Email:researchersworld@gmail.com i | Research Centre for Management and Social Studies INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH (IJPAMR), VOLUME 2, NUMBER 1, OCTOBER, 2013. Website: http://www.rcmss.com Editorial Board Editor- in- Chief Dr. Dileep Kumar M. ISSN 2350-2231(Online) ISSN 2346-7215(Print) University of Utara, Malaysia Associate Editors Dr. Arif Anjum Dr. Charles Adora Dr. Mohammad A. Bhatti Upu C. T. M.S.G. Arts, Science & Commerce College, India Kogi State University, Nigeria University of Utara, Malaysia Institute of Public Speaking and Rural Development, Nigeria Grace E. M. Agba Research Centre for Management and Social Studies (RCMSS), Nigeria Dr. Cristina-Georgiana Voicu Apollonia University of Iasi, Romania Managing Editor Michael Sunday Agba University of Calabar, Nigeria Editorial and Advisory Board (International) Dr. V.S. More University of Pune, India Dr. A. M. Ogaboh Agba University of Calabar, Nigeria Engineer A. Yusufu University of Cape Town, South Africa Dr. Fen-ling Chen National Taipei University, Taiwan Dr. Pacha. Malyadri Govt. Degree College (Osmania University), India Dr. Stan C. Weeber McNeese State University, United States Dr. Itai Beeri, University of Haifa, Israel Dr. Theophilus Tshukudu University of Botswana, Botswana Kittisak Jermsittiparsert, PhD (Candidate) Rangsit University, Thailand Publication Cost and Method of Payment Authors of accepted papers are to pay a publication fee of 150USD or it equivalent in favour of the Research Centre for Management and Social Studies (RCMSS). Subscription Rates Single issue prices (Institutional) Within Africa 70 USD; Outside Africa 120 USD Single issue prices (Individual) Within Africa 50 USD; Outside Africa 60 USD Disclaimer: The views and ideas expressed in articles/reviews are those of the author(s) and not necessarily of the editorial board, RCMSS and Researchersworld, India. Articles are published in good faith and the authors(s) will be liable for any copyright infringements. Indexing/Abstracting/Library: International Journal of Public Administration and Management and other journals published by the Research Centre for Management and Social Studies (RCMSS) are indexed and abstracted by Open J-Gate, India. RCMSS journals are currently being processed for inclusion by Microsoft Academic Seek (under ii | Research Centre for Management and Social Studies INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH (IJPAMR), VOLUME 2, NUMBER 1, OCTOBER, 2013. Website: http://www.rcmss.com ISSN 2350-2231(Online) ISSN 2346-7215(Print) evaluation for inclusion); RoMEO, UK (to be included within the next month); JournalSeek (to be included in the next update of JournalSeek). CALL FOR PAPERS: Papers are invited for publication in the following International Journals: Website: www.rcmss.com International Journal of Public Administration and Management Research (IJPAMR) Editor in Chief ISSN Publisher Frequency Email :Dr. Dileep Kumar M., Malaysia :2350-2231(Online) 2346-7215(Print) Research Center For Management and Social Studies in : collaboration with Researchersworld, India. :4 Issue per Year :rcmssjournals@gmail.com International Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies (IJPCS) Editor in Chief ISSN Publisher : Dr. A. M. Ogaboh Agba, Nigeria : 2346-7258(Print) : Research Center For Management and Social Studies, Nigeria in collaboration with Researchersworld, India. Frequency : 2 Issue per Year Email : rcmssjournals@gmail.com International Journal of Democratic and Development Studies (IJDDS) Editor in Chief :Dr. Stan C. Weeber, USA ISSN : 2350-224X(Online) 2346-7223(Print) Publisher :Research Center For Management and Social Studies in collaboration with Researchersworld, India. Frequency :3 Issue per Year Email :rcmssjournals@gmail.com Journal of Good Governance and Sustainable Development in Africa (JGGSDA) Editor in Chief ISSN Publisher :Dr. Lee Pugalis, United Kingdom :2346-724X(Print) :Research Center For Management and Social Studies in collaboration with Researchersworld, India. Frequency :4 Issue per Year Email :rcmssjournals@gmail.com International Journal of Capacity Building in Education and Management (IJCBEM) Editor in :Dr. Mohammad A. Bhatti, Malaysia Chief ISSN : 2350-2312(Online) 2346-7231(Print) Publisher :Research Center For Management and Social Studies in Collaboration with Researchersworld, India Frequency :3 Issue per Year Email :rcmssjournals@gmail.com iii | Research Centre for Management and Social Studies INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH (IJPAMR), VOLUME 2, NUMBER 1, OCTOBER, 2013. Website: http://www.rcmss.com ISSN 2350-2231(Online) ISSN 2346-7215(Print) Table of Contents S/N 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Article Title/Author(s) Unemployment and Poverty: Implications for National Security and Good Governance in Nigeria. Akwara, Azalahu F ; Akwara, Ngozi F ; Enwuchola, John ; Adekunle,Morufu & Udaw, Joseph E. Labour Unions and the Transformation of the Nigerian Civil Service: A Discuss Paul, Salisu Ojonemi; Usman, Timothy Onechojon & Ali, Mohammed Attai Nigerian Local Government System and Effective Manpower Planning: A Reappraisal Moses Atakpa; Stephen Ocheni; & Basil C. Nwankwo, Revenue Allocation Formulae in Nigeria: A Continuous Search Victor I. Lukpata Review of Performance Appraisal and Objective Assessment of Subordinate Officers in Nigeria Moses Atakpa; Stephen Ocheni & Basil C. Nwankwo National Identity, Integration and Question: Implications for National Security and Stable Democratic Governance in Nigeria. Akwara, Azalahu F; Udaw, Joseph E. & Onimawo, Jane National Interest and National Development in Nigeria Victor I. Lukpata Banking Industry as a Central Nervous System of an Economy, the Role, Challenges and Prospects Afuberoh Dennis The Effect of the Cost of Militancy and Unrest or Peace Accounting on the Productivity of Private Organisations in Nigeria Fidelis Esira Arong & Egbere Michael Ikechukwu Green Audit and Environmental Sustainability in Nigeria: Unveiling Corporate Perspectives Usman, Timothy Onechojon; Paul, Salisu Ojonemi & Okala, Mark Public Service Ethics and the Fight against Corruption in Nigeria: A Critical Analysis Agba, Michael Sunday; Ochimana, Grace Eleojo; & Idu, Abubakar Y. The Perception of Nigerians on the Deregulation and Privatization Moves of the Government in the Oil and Gas Industry in Nigeria Fidelis Esira Arong & Egbere Michael Ikechukwu Developing the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria through Community Development Committees (CDCs): A Critical Assessment Agba, A. M. Ogaboh ; Ikoh, Moses U. & Ushie, E. M. Political Groups as Important Element in Political Decision Making in Nigeria Ngara, Christopher Ochanja & Orokpo, Ogbole F.E Page 1 12 26 32 39 48 63 69 87 101 112 119 130 143 iv | Research Centre for Management and Social Studies