Scientific
Conference
of Young
Researchers
2012
12th Scientific Conference of Young Researchers
May 15 , 2012
th
Herľany, Slovakia
Proceedings from Conference
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Technical University of Košice
FK
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TECHN
I
-
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SITY
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L UNIV
CA
OŠIC
E
12th Scientific Conference of Young Researchers
of Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Technical University of Košice
Proceedings from Conference
Published: Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Technical University of Košice
I. Edition, 440 pages
Available:
http://web.tuke.sk/scyr/data/templates/Proceedings_2012.pdf
Editors:
Prof. Ing. Alena Pietriková, CSc.
Ing. Dominik Demeter
Ing. Milan Nosáľ
ISBN 978-80-553-0943-9
Ján ZBOJOVSKÝ, Marek PAVLÍK
Sources, use and measurement of electromagnetic field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Iurii ZACHEPA, Ján PERDUĽAK, Tibor VINCE
Specificity of DC consumers in independent power supplies based on an asynchronous generator
411
Matúš KATIN, Roman JAKUBČÁK
Swing up of conductor depending on weight of ice and span size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
Dmytro MAMCHUR, Andrii KALINOV, Tibor VINCE
The development of experimental equipment for investigation the induction motors diagnostic
system based on the electrical signals analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
Lukáš GLOD, Gabriela VASZIOVÁ
The diffusion coefficient for nonlinear Brownian motion and the electric circuits . . . . . . . . 421
Yuriy ROMASHIHIN, Martin BAČKO, Ján MOLNÁR
The energy method for identification the electromagnetic parameters of induction motors 424
Pavol HOCKO, Matúš NOVÁK
Transient stability of generator in simple power system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
Matúš NOVÁK, Pavol HOCKO
Transient stability of power system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
Roman JAKUBČÁK, Matúš KATIN
Using the TCSC for power flow control and reduce power losses in power system . . . . . . . . 435
Author’s Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
13
SCYR 2012 - 12th Scientific Conference of Young Researchers – FEI TU of Košice
Using the TCSC for power flow control and reduce
power losses in power system
1
1,2,3
1
Roman JAKUB ÁK (1st year), 2Matúš KATIN (3rd year)
Supervisor: 3 ubomír BE A
Dept. of Electrical Power Engineering, FEI TU of Košice, Slovak Republic
roman.jakubcak@tuke.sk, 2matus.katin@tuke.sk, 3lubomir.bena@tuke.sk
Abstract— Article discusses the use of FACTS (Flexible
Alternating Current Transmission System) devices in power
systems. These are devices that are able to provide an increase in
transmission capacity and controllable power systems. The article
will be provided for a particular application FACTS devices to
control power flow on a simple model of the power system.
Followed by monitoring the impact of regulation on the size of
the active power losses.
Keywords—power system, thyristor
compensator, power losses, power flow.
controlled
series
Transmitted power is determined as:
P=
U 1 .U 2
. sin( δ 1 − δ 2 )
X line
(1)
Where P is transmitted power, U1 and U2 are the voltages at
the beginning and end of line, Xline is the line reactance, angles
1 and 2 are the voltages angles at the beginning and end of
line. After addition of TCSC in line changes:
I. INTRODUCTION
Today we are witnessing a continuous increase in electricity
demand. This trend, along with market liberalization cause
problems in the management of power systems (PS).
For this reason, more and more increasing requirements on
possible ways to control PS. One of these options is a
Thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC). TCSC
provides the ability to manage the power flows in PS as well
as an additional feature the ability to reduce power losses in
PS, thus saving resources from which electric power is
obtained. Thus contribute to protecting the environment and
reduces the production of CO2.
P=
U 1 .(U 2 ± ∆ U )
. sin( δ 1 − δ 2 ± ∆ δ )
X line ± ∆ X
Where X is added reactance of TCSC and
voltage angle affects of TCSC.
II. TCSC
TCSC configurations use thyristor controlled reactors
(TCRs) in parallel with segments of a capacitor bank. The
TCSC combination allows the fundamental frequency
capacitive reactance to be smoothly controlled over a wide
range and switched to a condition where the bi-directional
thyristor pairs conduct continually and insert an inductive
reactance in the line. It is alternative to static synchronous
series compensator (SSSC)[1].
(2)
is change in
Advantages of the TCSC[2]:
- Rapid and continuous of the transmission line series
compensation level.
- Dynamic control of power flow in selected transmission
lines.
- Prevent the loop flow of power
- Damping of the power swings from local and inter-area
oscillations.
- Enhance level of protection for series capacitors. (A fast
bypass of the series capacitor during faults can protect
capacitor).
- Voltage support.
- Reduction of the short-circuit current.
Modes of TCSC operation[2]:
- Bypassed thyristor mode - in this bypassed mode, the
thyristors are made to fully conduct with a conduction
angle of 180o. The TCSC module behave like a parallel
capacitor – inductor combination.
- Blocked thyristor mode - in this mode the firing pulses to
the thyristor valves are blocked. TCSC reactance is
capacitive.
Fig. 1. Thyristor controlled series compensator.
435
SCYR 2012 - 12th Scientific Conference of Young Researchers – FEI TU of Košice
- Capacitive mode - in this mode the devices operates in
capacitive operation.
- Inductive mode - TCSC operates in inductive operation.
Fig. 4. Active power flow changes depending the setting of TCSC.
Fig. 2. TCSC fundamental frequency impedance[3].
TCSC model consists of a variable impedance connected
in series to the line. In common operation we can compensate
line for 40% to 60%. Then, total impedance line where is
TCSC connected:
Fig. 5. Change in total power losses.
X t = X line + X TCSC
(3)
Where Xt is total line reactance, Xline is line reactance and
XTCSC is added reactance TCSC.
As seen from these graphs, the total active power losses
increase with the degree of line compensation change and not
decrease when the device operates in capacitive mode and
reduces the impedance of the line in which it is located.
III. POWER FLOW CONTROL
IV. USING TCSC IN POWER SYSTEM TO REGULATE POWER
The following example is shown how we can change the
active power flow using the TCSC. To change the opening
angle thyristors TCSC impedance changes and the device
operates in the inductive or capacitive mode. In the inductive
mode impedance increase and the line will decrease the
transmitted active power. In the capacitive mode, the
inductance of the line compensated by TCSC, thus resulting
impedance is lower than without TCSC, which lead to an
increase in transmitted active power.
The following figures shows a simulated network, changes
in power flow of individual lines and total active power loss
across the network depending on the degree of line
compensation, in which the TCSC is installed.
All simulation was performed in program MATLAB.
FLOW AND REDUCE LOSSES
In the considered power system in fig. 6, TCSC is
connected in line 11(from node 1 to node 10). In the program
Matlab was this location evaluated as the optimal location in
terms of reducing total power losses.
Fig. 3. Two parallel lines with TCSC.
Fig. 6. Change in total power losses.
436
SCYR 2012 - 12th Scientific Conference of Young Researchers – FEI TU of Košice
TABLE I
GENERATIONS AND LOADS IN NODES
In this case, we are able to reduce total power losses by
1,75 % at 60 % line compensation. TCSC installed in other
lines, was found only a very small reduction in total power
losses. It should be noted that in this case we control power
flow in terms of minimizing losses. For such control do not
fall power losses in all lines, but total power losses are lower,
as can be seen from tables 2 and 3.
V. CONCLUSION
TABLE II
POWER FLOW AND TOTAL POWER LOSSES IN PS WITHOUT TCSC
As shown in this article using TCSC, we are able not only
to regulate active power flow, but also reduce the total power
losses in the PS. Use of equipment for only this purpose in the
future is questionable, because the financial cost of these
devices are high. It is all on an individual assessment of the
suitability of the location of TCSC in PS.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work was supported by Scientific Grant Agency of the
Ministry of Education of Slovak Republic and the Slovak
Academy of Sciences under the contract No. 1/0166/10 and by
Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract
No. APVV-0385-07 and No. SK-BG-0010-08.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
!" #
TABLE III
POWER FLOW AND TOTAL POWER LOSSES IN PS WITH TCSC
! $%
437
Johns, A. T., TER-GAZARIAN, A., WARNE, F., “Flexible ac
transmission systems (FACTS),” The Institution of Electrical
Engineeres, 1999, 592 pp, ISBN 0-85296-771-3.
MATHUR, R. M., VARMA, R. K., “Thyristor-based FACTS
controllers for electrical transmission systems,” Institute of Electrical
and Electronic Engineers,2002, 493 pp, ISBN 0-471-20643-1.
ACHA, E., FUERTE-ESQUIVEL, C. R., AMBRIZ-PÉREZ, H.,
ANGELES-CAMACHO, C., “FACTS Modelling and Simulation in
Power Networks,” John Willey & Sons, 2004, 421 pp, ISBN 0-47085271-2.
HINGORANI, G. N., GYUGYI, L., “Understanding FACTS. Concepts
and technology of Flexible AC transmission Systems,” New York: IEEE
Press, 2000, 432 pp, ISBN 0-7803-3455-8
12th Scientific Conference of Young Researchers
of Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Technical University of Košice
Proceedings from Conference
Published: Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Technical University of Košice
I. Edition, 440 pages
Available: http://web.tuke.sk/scyr/data/templates/Proceedings_2012.pdf
Editors:
Prof. Ing. Alena Pietriková, CSc.
Ing. Dominik Demeter
Ing. Milan Nosáľ
ISBN 978-80-553-0943-9