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k|To]s dlxgfsf] klxnf] ;f]daf/ kz'klt d[u:ynLl:yt >L >L dxfof]uL
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klxnf] a'waf/ nugv]nl:yt dxfnIdL dlGb/ k|f+u0fdf tfGqf]Qm
dxfnIdL xjg tyf klxnf] laxLaf/ kf6g s'De]Zj/l:yt junfd'vL
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rf8kj{x¿df ljz]if sfo{qmd . uf]/If lglvn jf0fL cfWoflTds zlQm
cg';Gwfgd"ns dfl;ssf] k|sfzg . ljleGg Pkm=Pd= :6]zgx¿dfkm{t\
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lxhf]sf lbgx?df eGbf cfhef]ln cWofTdtkm{ dflg;x?sf] ?lr a9]sf] kfOG5.
k|foMh;f] JolQmx? s'g} g s'g} ;Dk|bfo;Fu cyjf s'g} g s'g} wd{u'?;Fu hf]l8Psf]
kfOG5. rfx] h] xf];\, cWofTdtkm{sf] nufj qmlds?kdf a9]sf] kfOG5. cWofTd g}
;Dk"0f{ dfgjsf] sNof0fsf] dfu{ xf]. o;}sf] ;xf/fn], o;}sf] dfWodn] hLj, hut\,
;[li6sf u"9 /x:ox? phfu/ ug{ ;lsG5. To;}n] xfdL cWofTd If]qdf cufl8
a9\b} 5f}F eg] ;xL / ;To ;b\u'?nfO{ cfkm\gf] cfwf/ agfcf}F / hLjgnfO{ ;fy{s
agfcf}F.
;b\u'?sf] cefjdf plrt dfu{ gkfP/ cGwsf/, cGof}ndf u'lh|/x]sf ;Dk"0f{
JolQmx?sf nflu l;4f>d zlQm s]Gb| Pp6f cg'kd s]Gb| ag]sf] 5, cf:yf, ljZjf;
/ >4fsf] s]Gb| ag]sf] 5. To;}n] klg ;b\u'?sf] cefj dx;'; ug'{ePsf] 5 eg]
cfh} ;Dks{ u/L u'? k|fKt u/]/ hLjgnfO{ wGo agfpg'xf];\.
o;kflnsf] c+snfO{ ‘tGq ljz]if’sf] ?kdf lgsfNg] sf]lzz u/]sf 5f}F. tGq
cfkm}Fdf Pp6f k|0ffnL xf], lj1fg xf], dxflj1fg xf]. tGqn] g} dfgjnfO{ Jojl:yt
agfpF5. dgnfO{ Jojl:yt, tgnfO{ Jojl:yt, hLjgnfO{ Jojl:yt agfpF5.
;dfhnfO{ Jojl:yt agfpg], ;f/f hgnfO{ Jojl:yt agfpg], b]znfO{ Jojl:yt
agfpg] sfo{ tGqsf] dfWodaf6 ;Dej 5. To;}n] klg xfd|f] ;dfhdf tGq zAbsf]
k|of]u eP klg Jojxfl/s k|of]u sd} dfq ePsf] kfOG5. k|hfnfO{ Jojl:yt kfg]{
k|hftGq, nf]snfO{ Jojl:yt kfg]{ nf]stGq, cy{Joj:yfnfO{ Jojl:yt kfg]{ cy{tGq,
:j cyf{t\ cfkm}nfO{ Jojl:yt kfg]{ :jtGq, x]b}{ uof}F eg] ;a}lt/ tGq g} tGq 5. t/
o;sf] ;xL ;b'kof]u gx'Fbf Jojl:ytsf] ;f6f] cJojl:yt, clgolGqt, eb|uf]nsf]
l:ylt b]zdf b]vf k/]sf] kfOG5. tGqsf] ;xL / ;kmn k|of]u x'g g;Sg' g} cfhsf]
lj8Dagf xf]. To;}n] tGqnfO{ rnfpg ;Sg], xfFSg ;Sg] ;kmn tflGqssf] vfFrf]
5. hf] cWofTddf cfwfl/t eP/ cufl8 a9\5g\, pgLx? g} ;kmn tflGqs aGg
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cufl8 a9]sf] 5. To;}n] tGq s'g} ;+s'lrt, 8/nfUbf] ljifo geO{ dfgjsNof0fsf]
dfu{ xf]. o;sf] ;xL / ;To?kdf k|of]u x'g' cfjZos 5. o; c+sdf tGq;DaGwL
ljleGg k|;+ux? sf]6\ofpg] sf]lzz u/]sf 5f}F. tGqsf] If]q ljzfn ePsf]n] o;
klqsfdf c? s}of}F k|;+ux? ;d]6\g ;lsPg. afFsL vf]h, cg';Gwfg, tkfO{Fx?nfO{
lhDdf nufpFb} cfufdL c+sx?df klg ;d]6\g] sf]lzz ug]{ g} 5f}F.
cGtdf, o; c+sdf eP u/]sf sdL sdhf]/Lx?sf nflu k/dk"Ho ;b\u'?b]jx?
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>L lglvn]Zj/fgGb dxf/fh x'gx' G' 5 . cfÇgf u'? :jfdL ;lRrbfgGbHo"sf]
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clk|n @! tf/Lvdf ef/tl:yt /fh:yfg k|fGtsf] hf]wk'/df cjtl/t
x'g'eof] . j]bfWoogaf6 lzIff z'? ug'{ePsf pxfFsf] ljjfx afx| jif{sf]
pd]/df eujtL b]jL;Fu eof] . cfÇgf] hLjg kl/jf/sf] nflu dfq geP/
;Dk"0f{ ;dfhsf] nflu xf] eGb} ljjfxkZrft\ pxfFn] y'k|} jif{ lxdfnosf
u'kmf, ljs6 sGb/f / h+unx¿df ;+Gof; hLjg latfpg'eof] . To;a]nf
pxfFn] ljleGg :jfdL, ;+Gof;L, of]uL, tflGqs, dflGqs, cfo'jb{] frfo{x¿;Fu
e]6]/ ljleGg ljwfdf cfkm"nfO{ lgi0fft\ agfpg'ePsf] lyof] . ;+Gof;
hLjgkZrft\ k'gM u[x:ydf kms]/{ cfkm"n] k|fKt u/]sf] cfWoflTds 1fgnfO{
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c;+Vo lzlj/ ;~rfng u/L ;fwgf, k|jrg / bLIffsf] dfWodaf6 lzio
lgdf{0f k|lqmofnfO{ hf]8 lbg'eof] . o;/L Hof]ltif, ;fd'lb|s zf:qsf ;'lj1
1ftf, tGq–dGqsf clGtd gfd, cfw'lgs wGjGtl/, ;Ddf]xg lj1fgsf
d;Lxf, s'08lngL zlQmsf ;xh JofVofsf/, ;"o{ lj1fgsf ck"j{ 1fgL,
w'/Gw/ /Tg lrlsT;s cflbsf ¿kdf pxfF 8f= gf/fo0fbQ >LdfnLsf]
gfdaf6 ljZjdf ljVoft\ x'Fb} dxfdxf]kfWofo, dGq lz/f]dl0f, ;dfh
lz/f]dl0f, hub\u?' cflbsf] ;+1fn] lje"lift x'ge' of] . cfufdL uf]/If lglvn
o'u lgdf{0fsf] dxfof]hgf cfÇgf lziox¿sf] sfFwdf ;'Dk]/ ;g\ !((*
h'nfO{ # df dxfk|of0f lnO{ pxfF cfÇgf] d"n :yfg l;4f>d kms{g'eof] .
xfn ;b\u'?b]js} ;"Id cfb]z lgb]{zgadf]lhd l;4f>d zlQm s]Gb| o;
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of]uLx¿df dxfof]uL, ;Dk"0f{ gfyx¿df dxfgfy x'g'x'G5 . dxfof]uL >L
>L u'? uf]/vgfy eujfg\ lzjsf ;a}eGbf dxŒjk"0f{ / k|dv
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g} uf]/If ¿k wf/0f ug'{ePsf] xf] . o;}n] pxfFnfO{ >L lzj uf]/Ifsf]
¿kdf cfb/–;Ddfg ug]{ ul/G5 . uf] zAbsf] cy{leq ;dflxt ufO{,
k[YjL, OlGb|o, cflb ;Dk"0f{sf] /Iff ug]{ uf]/If g} x'g'x'G5 . >Ldb\efujt,
gf/bk'/f0f, :sGbk'/f0f, a|Ådf08k'/f0f, lzjk'/f0f, zfQmk|df]b,
uf]/IfuLtf cflbdf pxfFsf] af/]df pNn]v ePsf] 5 . ljZjsf] Oltxf;nfO{
x]bf{ pxfFsf] k|fs6\o ;of}F xhf/f}F jif{sf] cGt/fndf ljleGg :yfgdf
ePsf] kfOG5 . o;af/] ljleGg ljåfg\x¿n] y'k|} cg';Gwfg u/]sf 5g\ .
cfdfsf] sf]vaf6 geO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ cfkm} k|s6 x'gx' g' ] dxfof]uL
ch/ cd/ sfofo'Qm x'g'ePsf] s'/f :ki6 x'G5 .
g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df x]bf{ uf]/vf /fHosf] gfdfs/0f pxfFsf] gfdaf6
ePsf] kfOG5 eg] pxfFs} cfzLjf{baf6 of] /fi6« slxNo} k/fwLg aGg'
gk/]sf] uf}/jzfnL Oltxf; /x]sf] 5 . pxfFsf] C0f r'sfpg klg xfdLn]
pxfFsf] elQm ug}k{ b{5 . gfyk+ysf cu|h dxfgfy u'? uf]/vgfy g]kfnsf
/fi6«u'? x'g'x'G5 . g]kfndf ljleGg 7fpFdf pxfFsf d7–dlGb/x¿ 5g\
h:t} uf]/vfsf] uf]/v u'kmf, kz'kltsf] d[u:ynL kL7, xg'dfg9f]sfsf]
sfi7d08k cflb . l;4f>d zlQm s]Gb|sf] cg';Gwfgcg';f/ u'?
uf]/vgfy ;j{k|yd o; w/tLdf j}zfv z'Sn k"l0f{dfsf] lbg uf]/vfsf]
uf]/v u'kmfdf k|s6 x'g'ePsf] lyof] . g]kfndf dfq geP/ ljZje/
pxfFsf] ;Dk|bfo, dlGb/ Pj+ d7x¿ :yflkt 5g\ . cfufdL uf]/If lglvn
o'u lgdf{0fsf] nflu uf]/If zlQm hufpFb} gfy k/Dk/fnfO{ ;dfhdf
:yflkt ug{ l;4f>d zlQm s]Gb| ultzLn 5 .
uf]/If lglvn jf0fL, @)^^ r}q
l;4f>d zlQm s]Gb|, cfWoflTds zlQm cg';Gwfg ;+:yfsf]
:yfkgf )%^ j}zfv * ut] eP klg o;sf] ljlwjt\ btf{ eg]
)%^ j}zfv @# ut] dfq eof] . k/dk"Ho ;b\u'?b]jx¿ >L >L
dxfof]uL u'? uf]/vgfy Pj+ k/dx+; :jfdL >L lglvn]Zj/fgGb
dxf/fhnfO{ u'?¿kdf wf/0f ub}{ of] ;+:yf z'?df s]xL jif{
sf7df8f}Fsf] sdnfbLaf6 ;~rfng eof] . To;kl5 aQL;k'tnL,
k'/fgf] afg]Zj/ x'Fb} ;+rfng ePsf] o; ;+:yfsf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no
xfn a;'Gw/fdf /x]sf] 5 .
;d:t e"d08nnfO{ uf]/If lglvn pmhf{n] cfk"l/t ub}{ uf]/If
lglvn o'u :yfkgfy{ cl3 al9/x]sf] o; ;+:yfn] ljleGg cfWoflTds
ultljlwx¿nfO{ cl3 a9fO/x]sf] 5 . d'n'se/ ljleGg ;Dks{
sfof{nox¿dfkm{t cfÇgf ultljlwx¿ cl3 a9fO/x]sf] o; ;+:yfn]
ljleGg 7fpFdf ;–;fgf PsfOx¿sf] u7g u/]/ klg ;dfhdf
cfWoflTds ultljlwnfO{ cl3 a9fO/x]sf] 5 . ;+:yfsf ljleGg
;Dks{ sfof{nox¿df laxLaf/sf] u'? k"hg, lbJo u'? dxf]T;j,
ljleGg rf8kj{df k"hgflb sfo{qmdx¿ ;DkGg eO/x]sf 5g\
eg] ljb]zdf /x]sf o;;Fu ;DalGwt PsfOx¿n] klg cfWoflTds
ultljlwdfkm{t ljZjdf cfWoflTds zLtntf 5l//x]sf 5g\ .
;+:yfn] k|To]s dlxgf sf7df8f}F pkTosfnufot cGo
:yfgx¿df /x]sf ljleGg zlQmkL7 / dlGb/x¿df tfGqf]Qm
xjgx¿ ;~rfng ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 eg] k|To]s jif{ o; ;+:yfn]
uf]/vfl:yt uf]/v u'kmfdf >L >L dxfof]uL u'? uf]/vgfysf]
r/0fsdndf ;jfnfv /f]6 r9fpFb} cfO/x]sf] 5 . o;sf
cltl/Qm s}of}F dGq xjg ;fwgf, tfGqf]Qm ;fwgf, Wofg, dxf]T;j
cflbsf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ul/;s]sf] 5 eg] uf]/If lglvn
jf0fL dfl;snfO{ lg/Gt/¿kdf k|sflzt ul//x]sf] 5 . Psflt/
cfWoflTds klqsfdfkm{t ;+:yfn] cfWoflTds ultljlwnfO{
;dfh;fd' nlu/x]sf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ uf]/If lglvn ;Gb]z gfds
;fKtflxs /]l8of] sfo{qmdaf6 klg o;n] cfÇgf] cleofgnfO{ tLa|
agfO/x]sf] 5 . ;dfhdf of]Uo, ;an, rl/qjfg\ gful/sx¿sf]
pTkfbgsf nflu z}lIfs ldzgcGtu{t uf]/If lglvn Hof]lt lbJo
ljBf>d ;~rfng ul//x]sf] o; ;+:yfsf ljleGg tx / tKsfdf
/x]sf sfo{stf{x¿sf nflu dfl;s k|lzIf0f tyf tflndsf] klg
Joj:yf x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
xfn c=gf=k= z}nL ckgfP/ cufl8 al9/x]sf] of] ;+:yfsf]
;f+u7lgs :j¿kcGtu{t ;Dks{ sfof{nox¿sf] ;~rfng eO/x]sf]
5 eg] o;} z}nLleq If]qLo sfof{nox¿sf] klg ljsf; eO/x]sf] 5 .
;+:yfsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ x'g] qmddf sltko ;Dks{ sfof{nosf
cfÇg} ejg alg;s]sf 5g\ eg] sltkodf ejgsf nflu hUufsf]
Joj:yf eO;s]sf] 5\ . y'k|} ;Dks{ sfof{nox¿df ljleGg :t/sf
Wofgsf sfo{qmdx¿sf cltl/Qm k/fdz{ ;]jfnufot tflGqs lxlnË
klg ;~rfng eO/x]sf 5g\ . o;k|sf/ of] s]Gb|n] cfWoflTds o'u
lgdf{0fsf] lbzfdf cu|0fL e"ldsf lgjf{x ul//x]sf] 5 .
tGq ljz]if
cfTdLo kf7sju{,
‘uf]/If lglvn jf0fL’ klqsf oxfFx?nfO{ s:tf] nflu/x]sf] 5<
cg]s afwf, c8\rg Pj+ ;d:ofx?sf afjh'b klqsfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf
lbFb} k|a'4 kf7sx?sf] s;Ldf cfkm"nfO{ 3f]6\b} z'4tf Pj+ :t/Lotfdf
qmdzM j[l4 ub}{ hfg] xfd|f] ;+sNk Pj+ k|of; /xFb} cfPsf] 5.
ef}ltstfdf r'n'{Dd 8'a]sf] cfhsf] ;dfhdf Pp6f cfWoflTds
klqsfnfO{ lgoldttf lbg' / cfgf] v'§fdf pleg ;Sg] agfpg' eg]sf]
lgZro klg c;Dejh:tf] nfUb5. t/ k/dk"Ho ;b\u'?b]jx?sf]
cfzLjf{bn] of] c;DejnfO{ ;Dej agfpg] sfo{ tkfOFx{ ?af6} eO;s]sf]
5. klqsfnfO{ o'uf}F–o'u;Dd hLjGt /fvL cfpFbf] k':tfnfO{ xfd|f]
cfWoflTds w/f]x/sf] ?kdf x:tfGt/0f ug]{ lhDd]jf/L klg tkfO{F,
xfd|} sfFwdf cfPsf] 5.
k|To]s JolQm :jo+ cfWoflTds kydf cu|;/ eO{ cfgf] kl/jf/,
6f]n, l5d]s, ;dfh, ufpF, ;x/, lhNnf, c~rn x'Fb} ;Dk"0f{ b]z clg
;Dk"0f{ ljZjnfO{ g} cWofTddo agfpg] dxfg\ cleofgnfO{ d"t{?k
lbg klqsf ;a}eGbf ;zQm dfWod aGg ;S5. ctM klqsf ;b:otf
lj:tf/sf] sfo{qmddf oxfFx?sf] ;xof]usf] ck]Iff ub{5f}F.
klqsfsf] laqmL d"No ¿= #).– dfq ePsf]n] tkfO{Fn] sDtLdf
b;j6f klqsf dufP/ cfkm\gf gftf–uf]tf, 5/l5d]sdf afF8g\ ;Sg'xG' 5.
tkfO{Fsf] 3/, 6f]n, l5d]s jf gftfuf]tfdf sxLF klg k"hf–cfhf, xjg,
ljjfx, j|taGw, ;Ktfx, hGdlbg, d]nf, kj{, dxf]T;j cflb x'Fb}5g\
eg] ToxfF klqsfsf] :6n /fv]/ o;sf] dxŒjaf/] hfgsf/L u/fpg'sf
;fy} jflif{s ;b:otfsf] nflu k|]l/t ug{ ;Sg'x'G5.
o;sf cnfjf 6f9f–6f9f /x]sf cfkm\gf gftf–uf]tf, ldqhgnfO{
x'nfsdfkm{t klqsf k7fpg ;Sg'x'G5. o;f] ubf{ cflTds ;DaGw
cem k|uf9 x'g hfG5.
of] klqsf oxfFx?sf] cfkm\g} ePsf]n] o;nfO{ kmnfpg], km'nfpg]
/ km}nfpg] lhDdf klg oxfFx?s} xf]. o;}n], ;Dk"0f{ kf7sx?df xfd|f]
cflTds lgj]bg 5— cfkm"nufot sDtLdf kfFrhgf jflif{s ;b:o
agfpg] ;+sNk cfhs} lbgb]lv u/f}F.
oxfFx? ;a}sf] ;xof]un] klqsfsf] ;b:o ;ª\Vof lg/Gt/?kdf
j[l4 x'Fb} hfg]5 h;n] ubf{ klqsfnfO{ cem :t/Lo Pj+ cfsif{s
agfpg d2t ldNg]5 eGg] s'/fdf xfdL ljZj:t 5f}F.
jflif{s ;b:otfsf] nflu ?= #%).– -cIf/]kL ?= tLg ;o krf;
dfq_ xfdLnfO{ k7fpg'xf];\. To;kl5sf] afFsL sfd xfdL ug]{5f}F.
cGtdf, cfTdLo kf7sju{x?df ljgd| cg'/f]w 5 ls klqsfsf]
:jo+n] cWoog u/f}F Pj+ cfkm\gf] kl/jf/ tyf Oi6ldqnfO{ klg
k9\g cg'/f]w u/f}F. o;sf cnfjf cGo kfFrhgf JolQmnfO{ k9fpg]
k|of; u/f}F.
;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bfg 1fg bfg xf], tkfO{Fsf] ;fgf] bfgn]
s;}sf] hLjgdf gofF df]8 cfpg ;S5, hLjgdf ;bfaxf/ 5fpg
;Sb5. To;}n] k/dk"Ho ;b\u?' b]jx?sf] dxfg\ of]hgfnfO{ d"t?{ k lbFb}
rl/tfy{ u/fpg cfhb]lv u'? sfo{df ;xefuL agf}F / o; of]hgfnfO{
cf–cfgf] t/Lsfaf6 ;xof]u u/f}F.
klqsfsf] laqmL xfd| f ] p2] Z o xf] O g, clkt' k/dk" H o
;b\u'?b]jx?sf] c;Ld cg'sDkfn] k|To]s hg–hgdf uf]/If lglvn
pmhf{sf] ;~rf/ u/L cfWoflTds o'usf] k'gM lgdf{0f ug'{ xf]. c:t'.
5
tgf]lt lj:tf/olt 1fg+ o]g o:dft\ jf tt\ tGqd\ .
tGot] lj:tfo{t] qfot] jf o]g o:dft\ jf tt\ tGqd\ .
;+:s[t zAb ‘tg'’af6 tGq zAb ag]sf] xf] . tg'sf]
tfTko{ xf]— r]tgfsf] lj:tf/ . o;l;t ‘q’ wft' ldn]/
1fg / r]tgfsf] lj:tf/ clg /Iffsf] af]w x'G5 . dg'iodf
/x]sf] 1fgzlQm / r]tgfsf] lj:tf/ ug'{ tGqsf] ;fwf/0f
cy{ xf] . z/L/ tyf dgnfO{ cflwef}lts, cflwb}ljs tyf
cfWoflTds tLg} k|sf/sf tfk cyjf b'Mvx¿af6 qf0f
lbg' / eod'Qm ug'{ tGqsf] sfd xf] .
eujfg\ lzjn] atfpg'ePsf] l;4fGt jf ljrf/nfO{
‘lgud’ dflgG5 . tL ljrf/x¿nfO{ cfÇgf] p2]Zo k"lt{sf
nflu ckgfOg] lqmof k4lt g} ‘cfud’ xf] .
dxflgjf{0f tGqsf cg';f/ ;Too'udf >'ltcg';f/sf]
wd{sf] ;fy{stf /xG5, >'lt cyf{t\ Clifd'lg, 1fgLx¿n]
atfPsf af6f]af6 lxF8\gfn] dfgjhLjgn] k"0f{tf k|fKt
u5{ . o;}k|sf/ q]tfo'udf :d[ltcg';f/ rNgfn] wd{sf]
;fy{stf /xG5 . åfk/o'udf k'/f0fcg';f/ rNgfn] wd{sf]
;fy{stf l;4 x'G5 . slno'udf eg] cfudcg';' f/ rNgfn]
wd{sf] ;fy{stf /xG5 .
o;k|sf/ dxflgjf{0f tGqdf eujfg\ lzjsf] >Ld'vaf6}
k|s6 ePsf]5— ;[li6sf] k|f/Deb]lv g} d}n] rf/} ljlwx¿
->'lt, :d[lt tyf k'/f0f Pj+ cfud zf:q_ nfO{ :ki6
u/]sf] 5' . slno'udf >'lt, :d[lt / k'/f0fsf] w]/} dxŒj
x'Fb}g lsgls oL tLg}df Clifx¿n] / d}n] eg]sf jrgnfO{
k|fyldstf lbOPsf] 5 . slno'udf dflg;n] k|To]s sfo{nfO{
hfFr/] dfq ;DkGg ub{5 . o;sf/0f o; o'udf p;sf nflu
cfud ljwfg g} ;j{>]i7 dfu{ x'G5 lsgls cfud dfu{df
1fg, r]tgfsf] lj:tf/sf nflu pkf;gfsf] lj:t[t j0f{g
kfOG5 . cfud zf:q Jofjxfl/s k4lt xf] / o;}cg';f/
dflg;n] ;fwgf tyf pkf;gf ub{{5g\, cfÇgf] hLjgdf
To;nfO{ hfFr]/ :jo+ k|of]udf NofpF5g\ . ta dfq p;sf]
6
hLjgdf ult ;Dej x'G5 .
tGqsf] pTklQ / ljsf;
tGqsf] pTklQ j]b;Fu;Fu} ePsf] xf] . k|f/lDes
cj:yfdf j]bnfO{ cfwf/ dflgPsf] lyof] / o;sf nflu
lgud zAbsf] k|of]u ePsf] kfOG5 . o; lgud zf:qnfO{
Jofjxfl/s¿kdf Nofpgsf nflu h'g lqmof k4lt aGof],
To;nfO{ cfud elgof] . o; b[li6n] x]g]{ xf] eg] cfud /
lgud b'j} g} Ps csf{sf ;dfgfGt/ x'g\ . j:t'tM tGq
Pp6f k|lqmof / ;fwgf k4lt xf] tyf j}lbs Clifx¿n]
h'g dxfljBfx¿sf] ;fwgf u/]sf lyP, d"n¿kdf tL
tGq;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ / o;} tGqsf] Pp6f ljz]if cfwf/
zlQm tŒj ;fwgf xf] . o; k/Dk/fsf] j0f{g j]bdf
:ki6¿kdf ul/Psf] kfOG5 .
j}lbs Crf tyf tflGqs dGqx¿ ;fIffTsf/ ug]{
Clifx¿ ;dfg x'g\ . To:t} j]b lj1fgLx¿n] tflGqs
hut\df klg lgs} k|l;l4 sdfPsf lyP . oLdWo] tf/f
dxfljBf tyf >LljBfsf Clif ;fwsx¿sf] pNn]v
ljz]if¿kdf cfpF5 . dxlif{ jlzi7 tf/f dxfljBfsf
7"nf pkf;s lyP tyf nf]kfd'b|f, cu:To, b'jf{;f OToflb
dxlif{ >LljBfsf dxfg\ pkf;s lyP . >LljBfsf
pkf;sx¿df kRrL; Clifx¿sf gfd ljz]if¿kdf
k|fKt x'G5g\ . pxfFx¿sf] ;DaGwdf >L ljBf0f{j tGqdf
n]lvPsf] 5—
dg'ZrGbM s'a]/Zr nf]kfd'b|f r sfd/f6\,
cu:To glGb ;"of{Zr lji0f' :sGb lzjf:tyf .
b'jf{;fZr dxfb]JofM åfbzf]kf;sfM :d[tf,
zs|Zrf]Gdgf r}j tyf r j?0f:ttM .
wd{/fhf]›gnf] gfu/fhf] jfo'a'{w:tyf,
O{zfgZr /ltZr}j tyf gf/fo0ff]›lk r .
a|Ådf hLjf] dxfb]Jof:qof]bz pkf;sfM,
k+rlj+zlt ;+Vof]kf;sfgf+ dx]Zjl/ .
uf]/If lglvn jf0fL, @)^^ r}q
cyf{t\, dg', rGb|, s'a]/, nf]kfd'b|f, sfd/fh,
cu:To, gGbL, ;"o{, lji0f', :sGb, lzj b'jf{;f, dxfb]jL
zqm, pGdgf, j?0f, wd{/fh, cgn, gfu/fh, jfo', a'w,
O{Zffg, /lt gf/fo0f, a|Ådf OToflb kRrL; Clifn] tGq
;fwgfsf] ljsf; u/] .
o;}k|sf/ dxfsfnL tGqsf k|d'v pkf;s e}/j
Clif x'g\ . tf/fsf ljz]if ;fws jlzi7 Clif tyf >L
ljBf iff]8zsf ljz]if pkf;sdf dfly jl0f{t Clifx¿sf
cltl/Qm >L uf}8fkfbfrfo{, >L uf]ljGbkfbfrfo{ tyf
z+s/frfo{sf] gfd ljz]if¿kdf lnOg] ul/G5 . >L
uf}8fkfbfrfo{åf/f lnlvt u|Gy >L ljBf/Tg ;"q tyf
z+s/frfo{/lrt u|Gy ;f}Gbo{nx/L ljz]if¿kdf dxŒjk"0f{
5g\ h;df >LljBf Pj+ tflGqs ;fwgfsf] lj:tf/k"j{s
j0f{g ePsf] kfOG5 . o; ljj/0faf6 of] :ki6 x'G5 ls
bfz{lgs b[li6n] s'g} klg Clif h'g;'s} bz{gsf JofVoftf
eP klg tŒjaf]w Pj+ 1fgsf] ;fIffTsf/ pgLx¿nfO{
tflGqs ;fwgfx¿af6 g} k|fKt x'g ;S5 / o; b[li6n]
tGq ;fDk|bflos geP/ ;fIffTsf/sf] j}1flgs k4lt
xf] .
z+s/frfo{n] cfÇgf] u|Gydf pNn]v u/]sf] u'?
k/Dk/fsf] af/]df :ki6 x'G5 ls tGq ;fwgfsf] 1fg
cflbu'? lzjaf6 lziox¿nfO{ / tL lziox¿af6 km]l/
cGo lkF9Llt/ k|;fl/t ePsf] xf] . z+s/frfo{sf cg';f/
u'?–lzio k/Dk/f lgDg ¿kn] ePsf] b]lvG5— cflbu'?
lzjaf6 jlzi7, zlQm, k/fz/, Jof;, z'sb]j, uf}8kfb,
uf]ljGbkfb / z+s/sf] qmd /x]sf] 5 . o;}ks
| f/ e'jg]Zj/L
dxfljBfsf k|d'v pkf;s zlQm Clif, lqk'/ e}/jL
dxfljBfsf blIf0ffd"lt{ Clif, l5Ggd:tfsf k|dv
' pkf;s
e}/j Clif, w"dfjlt dxfljBfsf pkf;s kLKknfb Clif,
aunfd'vL dxfljBfsf pkf;s gf/b Clif, dftËL
dxfljBfsf pkf;s dtË Clif, sdnf dxfljBfsf
pkf;s e[u' Clif x'g\ .
oL ;a}af6 of] lgisif{ lgSnG5— j}lbs k/Dk/fsf
dfGo cfrfo{x¿n] klg tflGqs ;fwgf / zlQm pkf;gfnfO{
k"0f{¿kdf dxŒj lbP/ oL ;fwgfx¿nfO{ ;DkGg u/]sf
lyP . tGq ;fwgfsf] ljsf;sf ;fy;fy} o;df gofF gofF
vf]h klg x'Fb} uP/ of] j}1flgs ;fwgf k4lt aGof] . tGq
;fwgfcGtu{t h'g ljBf / k|lqmofx¿ d'Vo¿kdf hf]l8P
ltgLx¿nfO{ a]Unfa]Un} gfd lbOP klg oL ;a} tGqsf
lqmofx¿ g} x'g\ . tGq lqmofcGtu{t lgDg k|lqmofx¿
tGq ljz]if
hf]l8P/ tGqnfO{ k"0f{ agfPsf 5g\ . pko'{Qm k|lqmofx¿
lgDg 5g\— != of]u @= dGq #= noof]u $= gfbof]u %=
s'08lngLof]u ^= x7of]u &= /fhof]u *= 1fgof]u (=
elQmof]u !)= cr{g . o;k|sf/ tGq dxfljBf o:tf] lj1fg
xf] h;df of]usf ;f/f k|lqmof ;dflxt ePsf 5g\ .
tGq ;DaGwdf lgDglnlvt ljz]if Znf]s klg
kfOG5—
oqfl:t ef]uf] g r tq df]Iff] oqfl:t df]Iff] g r tq ef]uM .
>L ;'Gb/L ;]jg tTk/f0ff+ ef]uZr df]IfZr s/:y Pj ..
cyf{t\ hxfF ;+;f/df ef]u 5, ToxfF df]If k|fKt x'g
;Sb}g, hxfF df]If 5 ToxfF ;f+;fl/s ef]u k|fKt x'g ;Sb}g .
t/ lqk'/f;'Gb/Lsf] pkf;gf ug]{ ;fwsnfO{ ef}ltstf tyf
cfWoflTdstf b'j}sf] k|flKt x'G5 .
tGq cfkm}df Pp6f k|lqmof xf] . o;sf] d"n nIo :ki6
5 . tGqsf] nIo tLg k|sf/n] ul/G5 . k|yd 1fgsf]
k|flKt, bf];f| ] cfTd;fIffTsf/ / t];f| ] xf] lqljw tfkx¿af6
d'lQm . oL tLg nIox¿sf] k|flKtaf6 g} hLjg d'Qm x'g
;Sb5 / o;sf nflu tGqdf hLjg lhpg] l;4fGtlt/
ljz]if Wofg lbP/ o; hut\sf ;f/f sfo{x¿ / ltgsf
7
lqmofx¿nfO{ ;xL¿kdf
;Dkfbg ug{df ljz]if¿kdf
hf]8 lbOPsf] kfOG5 . To;}n]
tGqn] ef]u / df]If b'j}sf]
lj/f]w ub}{g . ;fdfGotM
hxfF ef]u 5 ToxfF df]If x'g
;Sb}g / hxfF df]If 5 ToxfF
ef]usf nflu s'g} :yfg
/xFbg} eGg] ;fdfGo dfGotf
/x]sf] 5 . o;}n] ;+;f/df
b'O{ k|sf/sf ljrf/wf/f
kfOG5g\ . rfjf{s Clifn]
k" 0 f{ t of ef] u nfO{ hf] 8
lbPsf 5g\, ef]usf nflu
g} hLjg k|fKt ePsf] pgsf] ljrf/ lyof] . csf{yl/
Clifx¿n] hLjgdf knfogjfbL l;4fGtnfO{ dfGb} hGd,
aGwgaf6 d'lQmsf] dfu{ s]jn df]IfnfO{ g} atfP . ef]unfO{
hLjgsf] aGwg dfg] . t/ tGq pkf;s / ;To pkf;s
ef]u / df]If b'j}sf] lj/f]waf6 /lxt x'G5g\ . hLjgdf
tGq l;4fGtcg';f/ ef]u cfjZos 5 . zlQm ;fwgfdf
cfTd;fIffTsf/dfly ljz]if hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . s'08lngL
;fwgf, if6\rqm hfu/0fdfly klg ljz]if an lbOPsf]
kfOG5 lsgls logLx¿s} dfWodn] cr]tg dgsf ljleGg
l:yltx¿nfO{ hfGg ;lsG5 .
tGq ;fwgf k4ltsf] k|efj
cfÇgf] j}1flgstf tyf ljlzi6tfsf sf/0f tGqn]
cGo ;fwgf k4ltx¿nfO{ k|efljt ub}{ /Åof] . s]xL
k4ltx¿ ;fDk|bflos x'gfn] ljk/Lt klg k|tLt x'G5g\
t/ P]ltxfl;s kl/k|I] odf bfz{lgs¿kn] ljZn]if0f ug]{ xf]
eg] of] :ki6 x'G5 ls cg]sf}F ljwfgdf, cg]sf}F k|lqmofdf
tGqn] ltgLx¿nfO{ k|efljt kf/]sf] 5 / ltgsf ;fwgf
k4ltx¿df of]ubfg lbPsf] 5 . o;sf] sf/0f of] xf]
ls tGqsf] k4lt j}1flgs 5 tyf ;jf{ËL0f klg . cGo
k4ltx¿n] cfÇgf] ck]Iff / ?lrcg';f/ tGqsf Ps jf
clws cËnfO{ u|x0f u/]/ cfÇgf] k4ltnfO{ ultzLn
agfpg] r]i6f u/]sf] kfOG5 .
tGqn] ;fwgf If]qdf s]xL o:tf] vf]h u/]sf] 5 h'g
tGqeGbf k"j{ lyPgg\ / To;df cfTd;fIffTsf/sf s]xL
o:tf ;"q klg 5g\ h'g s}of}F b[li6n] ljleGg cj:yfdf
;fwssf nflu w]/} ;'ljwfhgs / pkof]uL x'g ;S5g\ .
8
j}lbssfndf ;fwgfsf] :j¿k o1 / j}lbs Crfx¿sf]
kf7 ug'{ lyof] . dGqhk / o;sf] k'/Zr/0fsf] ljwfg
lyPg . tGqn] g} jflrs, pkf+z' jf dfgl;s hksf
b'O{ ¿knfO{ ljlxt u¥of] . dGqsf] nIfj[lQ, lånIf /
rt'n{Iffj[lQh:tf s'/fx¿sf] ljwfg u/]/ of] atfPsf] 5
ls hk cfjZos dfq xf]Og, r]tgfsf] k"0f{ kl/isf/sf
nflu cTofjZos klg x'G5 . tGqdf hknfO{ j}1flgs
:t/df u|x0f u/]sf] 5 / ToxfF of] Wjlg l;4fGtsf]
cfwf/df k|efjsf/L x'G5 . dGqåf/f ;"Id Wjlg t/Ë
t}of/ x'G5 / o;n] :gfo' d08nnfO{ k|efljt ub}{ ;+:sf/sf]
klg kl/is/0f u5{ . o;af6 dGq cfÇgf] :j¿knfO{
:ki6 ug{df ;dy{ x'G5 / cfTdf klg cfÇgf] :j¿ksf]
l:yltdf cjl:yt x'g] l:yltdf cfpF5 . c¿ k4ltdf
b]lvg] dGqhk k4lt tGqsf] g} b]g xf] .
aLh dGqx¿sf] vf]h tGqn] u/]sf] xf] . j]bdf
5Gbdf cfa4 Crfx¿ 5g\ . t/ tGqn] aLh dGqsf]
vf]hL u¥of] . h:t}, clUgsf] aLh dGq /+ xf], jfo'sf] o+,
cfsfzsf] x+, k[YjLsf] n+ . o;}k|sf/ if6\rqm / ljleGg
b]jtfx¿sf aLh dGqnfO{ tGqn] vf]h/] lgsfNof] . ljleGg
j0f{x¿sf] ljz]if k|sf/sf] of]uaf6 PsfIf/b]lv lnP/
ztfIf/;Ddsf dGqx¿sf] k|0fog u¥of], k|of]u u¥of] tyf
To;sf] :j¿ksf] ;fIffTsf/ u¥of] . tGqsf] cGj]if0fsf]
k|efj cGo ;fwgf k4ltx¿df klg k¥of] / of] k|efj olt
Jofks eof] ls s'g} klg ;fwgf k4ltdf dGqsf] pkof]u
x'g yfNof] . kt~hlnn] klg cfÇgf] of]u;"qdf ‘hkM tby{
efjgd\’sf] ljwfg u/] . h'g ;fwgf k4lt s]jn elQmsf]
xf], hxfF afÅofr{g g} k|dv
' 5 / dfgl;s w/ftndf s]jn
efjsf] k|wfgtf 5, ToxfF klg dGqhk ;fwgf cfjZos
cË aGg k'Uof] . of] klg tGqsf] g} b]g xf] .
oGqsf] ljwfg tGqsf] vf]h xf] . tGqn] oGqsf]
dfWodaf6 ;[li6 k|lqmofnfO{ /]vflÍt u¥of] . of] Ps
k|sf/sf] k|tLs xf] / oGqdf cfÇgf] pkf:o tyf To;;Fu
;DalGwt ;Dk"0f{ lg/fsf/ Pj+ ;fsf/ k|tLsx¿nfO{
:yflkt u¥of] . tGqdf d"lt{ k"hfsf] ljwfg lyPg . h;sf]
¿k sNkgf u/]/ Wofgsf] Znf]s agfOPsf] lyof], To;
b]jtfsf] d"lt{sf] k"hfsf] ljwfg klg lyPg / To;sf] cr{g
oGqd} x'G5 . d"lt{ k"hfsf] ljwfg t tGqdf kl5 dfq
ylkPsf] xf] . cfh klg cGo ;fwgf k4ltx¿df h'g oGq
k"hgsf] ljwfg b]lvG5, Tof] tGqsf] g} b]g xf] .
o;k|sf/ cGo ;fwgf k4ltx¿df dGq / oGq b'O{
uf]/If lglvn jf0fL, @)^^ r}q
¿kdf tGqaf6 :yfgfGtl/t eof] . of t tGqn] s]xL
;fwgf k4ltx¿sf nflu :jo+ ljwfg tof/ ul/lbof]
cyjf s]xL ;fwgf k4ltn] s]xL :yfgx¿df dfq} tGqsf]
cfwf/df cfÇgf] ljwfg lgdf{0f u/] .
k| Z g p7\ 5 — hf] lg/fsf/jfbL 5g\ , pgLx¿
lg/fsf/sf] lrGtg u5{g\ . t/ lg/fsf/sf] pkf;gf
s;/L x'g ;S5 < pkf;gfsf nflu cfsf/ rflxof], ¿k
rflxof] . bfz{lgs b[li6n] x]g]{ xf] eg] klg d"n lg/fsf/
g} xf] / tflGqs pkf;gfsf] nIo klg lg/fsf/ g} xf] .
tGqn] To; lg/fsf/sf] k|sl[ t Pj+ nIo klg k|sl[ tcg';f/
ljljw¿kdf ljeflht u/]/ efjsf] t[lKtsf nflu Pp6f
cfwf/ vf]Hof] / T;;sf] pkf;gfdf k~rf]krf/ Pj+
iff]8zf]krf/af6 afÅo k"hgsf] klg ljwfg u¥of] . of]
k~rf]krf/ / iff]8zf]krf/sf] tflGqs ljwfg oyfjt\¿kn]
cGo k4ltx¿df klg uof], o;p;n] oxfF klg cGo ;fwgf
k4ltx¿ tGq k4ltsf C0fL b]lvP .
tGqn] cfÇgf] k4ltnfO{ ;w}F g} ;Gt'lnt /fv]sf]
5 . To;df ¿ksf ;fy c¿ksf] ;fwgf ;dfg :t/df
rNb5 . hlt afÅofr{gsf] ljwfg 5 To;eGbf a9L hf]/
cGt/fr{gdfly ul/G5 . hk, k|f0ffofd, wf/0ff, Wofg,
;dflw cflb ;fwgfsf cËx¿ ;fy} rNb5g\ . e"tz'l4 /
tŒjzf]wg klg tflGqs ;fwgfsf cË x'g\ . if6\rqm e]bg
/ s'08lngL of]u klg o;}cGtu{t cfpF5g\ . tGqdf tŒj
lrGtg;Fu} efjelQmsf] klg :yfg 5 . u'? tŒjsf] klg
tGqdf ;a}eGbf 7"nf] dxŒj /x]sf] 5 . o;k|sf/ tGqsf
c¿ klg s}of}F dxŒjk"0f{ cË 5g\ . t/ cGo ;fwgf
k4ltx¿df tGqaf6 Ps jf PseGbf w]/} cËx¿ u|x0f
u/]sf] kfOG5 . cGo ;fwgf k4ltx¿n] ;du| cËnfO{ u|x0f
gu/]sf] x'gfn] cGo ;fwgf k4lt tGqh:tf] ;du| / ;jf{ËL0f
x'g ;s]g . t/ Ps cËnfO{ dfq} klg ljsl;t u/]/ cg]s
;fwgf k4ltx¿n] Pp6f ;Ldf;Dd pTs[i6tf k|fKt u/]sf]
b]lvG5 h'g p;nfO{ tGq ;|f]taf6 k|fKt ePsf] xf] .
k| f rLgsfnb] l v dWosfn;Dd ljleGg ;fwgf
k4ltx¿df tGqsf] k|efj u|x0f ug]{ k|lqmof rn]sf]
b]lvG5 . j}i0fj k4lt t tGqcGtu{t g} cfpF5 t/ hxfF
j}i0fjdf lj/f]wsf] k|Zg 5, ToxfF klg To;sf] k|lqmofdf
tflGqs k4ltsf] w]/} xb;Dd ;dfj]z ePsf] kfOG5 .
lj/f]wsf] :j/n] ;du|tf;Fu geO{ tGqsf Psfw cfwf/;Fu
;DaGw /fVb5 . o;/L g} cGo ;fwgf k4ltx¿nfO{ klg
o;} kl/k|]Iodf x]g{ ;lsG5 .
tGq ljz]if
af}4wd{df t tGqnfO{ k|ToIftM k"0f{¿kdf :jLsf/
ul/Psf] 5 . o; b[li6n] To;sf] Pp6f zfvf jh|ofg
cToGt} dxŒjk"0f{ 5 . af}4x¿n] tGqnfO{ cfÇg} lsl;dn]
ljsl;t ug{df klg of]ubfg u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿n]
rLgfrf/sf] dfWodaf6 klg w]/} s'/f u|x0f u/]sf 5g\ .
tf/f dxfljBf pgLx¿sL d'Vo pkfl;sf x'g\ .
h}gwd{df klg tGqsf] k|efj kof{Kt¿kdf b]lvG5 .
tflGqs b]jtf / tflGqs k4ltx¿sf] k|efj / k|j]z
pgLx¿sf] wd{ ;fwgfdf Ps ;Ldf;Dd b]lvG5 .
o;k|sf/ Go"gflws dfqfdf ;a} wd{ ;fwgf k4ltx¿
tGqaf6 k|efljt ePsf 5g\ / tGqsf] of]ubfgaf6
cfkm"nfO{ ljsl;t tyf k"0f{ agfpg] k|of;df 5g\ .
t/ o;af6 s'g k4ltnfO{ slt ;kmntf k|fKt eof] eGg]
a]Un} s'/f xf] . s'g} k4ltn] tGqsf] of]u tŒjnfO{ lnP/
cfkm"nfO{ ljsl;t u/] eg] s]xLn] of]usf ;fy;fy} cGo
cËx¿nfO{ klg ;fd]n u/]/ ljsl;t u/] . o;k|sf/ tGq
k|To]ssf nflu Pp6f hLjg k4lt xf] h;nfO{ ckgfP/
ef}ltstf / cfWoflTdstfdf k"0f{tf k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 .
ho u'?b]j ¤
9
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f
s
q
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d
/
q
G
t
M
w
;DaG
t
Gq l;4fGtdf dGqnfO{ cfTd;fIffTsf/, s'08lngL
hfu/0fsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;fwgsf] ¿kdf :jLsf/
ul/Psf] kfOG5 . dGq ljleGg j0f{ tyf cIf/x¿sf]
of]uaf6 aGb5 . cIf/ slxn] klg gi6 x'Fb}g . ;"Id
l:ylt;Dd of] lg/Gt/¿kdf Jofks eP/ t/lËt x'g
hfG5 . o;}sf/0f zAbnfO{ a|Åd dflgG5 . h;}h;} dGq
;"Id cj:yfdf k'Ub5, Tolt g} of] zlQmzfnL x'g hfG5 .
zAbsf rf/ cj:yf x'G5g\— != j}v/L @= dWodf #=
kZoGtL $= k/f .
j}v/L cj:yf zAbsf] k|s6 / :y"n¿k xf] .
;fdfGohLjgdf xfdL h] af]N5f}F, Tof] ;fdfGo zAb x'G5 .
o;} zAbsf] pRrfj:yf dWodf l:yltdf lglb{i6 zAbx¿sf]
pkof]u ul/G5 . dGqhk cGt/af6} x'gk' b{5 cyf{t\ dgaf6}
ul/g'kb{5 . ha of] dgaf6 lg:sG5 ta k'gM jt'{n x'Fb}
dgleq} k|j]z ub{5 . o;}n] dGqhk jf dGqf]Rrf/0f ug]{
a]nfdf s;}n] klg b'jr
{ g, b'MzAb af]Ng ;Sb}g lsgls dGq
dWodfdf cfGtl/s l:ylt;Fu hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . o;kl5
dGq ;"Id rqmdf hfG5 ta cfTd;fIffTsf/ cfTdaf]wsf]
l:ylt aG5 . o;k|sf/ dGqnfO{ tGq tyf zlQm ;fwgfsf]
;a}eGbf ;dy{ ;fwg dflgPsf] kfOG5 .
tGq, k"hf / oGq
tGqdf ;fwgfsf] a]nf ljleGg k|sf/sf oGqx¿sf]
k"hf ul/G5 . of] d"n¿kdf cfÇgf] cfTdfnfO{ Oi6b]jtfsf]
dGq lj1ffg /x:o
‘dggft\ qfot] Olt dGqM’ h;sf] dggaf6 b}lxs,
b}ljs / ef}lts cf3ftx¿af6 /Iff x'G5, tGq zf:qdf
ToxL dGq xf] . dGqsf] ToxL :yfg x'G5 h'g z/L/df
k|f0fsf] . cfÇgf] Oi6nfO{ k|sfzdf Nofpg] dGq g} xf] .
‘tTjdjaf]wsTj d+qd\ .’
‘cNkfIf/Tj ;lt lbJofy{ af]wsTj+’, sd cIf/ ePsf]
/ h;n] lbJo cy{ lbG5, ToxL dGq xf] . b]jtf dGqsf]
cwLg /xG5g\, ‘dGq k/d n3' hf;' jz ljlw xl/x/
;'/ ;j{’ -t'n;Lbf;_ dGq b'O{ j0f{ ldn]/ ag]sf] 5— d
/ q . dsf] cy{ xf]— dgg . q sf] cy{ x'G5— qf0f .
elgPsf] klg 5—
dgg+ ljZj lj1fg+ qf0f+ ;+;f/ aGwgft\ .
otM s/f]lt ;+l;l4+ dGq OTo'Rot] ttM ..
-lk+unf dt_
dggft\ qf0fgft\ r}j db¿k:ofjaf]wgft\ .
dGq OTo'Rot] ;Doª\ dblwi7fgtM lk|o] .
-?b|ofdn_
10
dGq dggåf/f g} ef}ltshut\af6 hLjgsf] /Iff
ub{5, To;nfO{ d'Qm ub{5 . hLjgsf] rt'j{u{— wd{, cy{,
sfd, df]IfnfO{ cfdGq0f ub{5 .
dggft\ t:o ¿k:o j]bj:ofldtt]h;M .
qfot] ;j{+ eotM tfg\ dGq OtLl/tM ..
cldt k|efjzfnL j]bsf] ;f/ ¿ksf] h;df dgg
ul/Psf] 5, h'g ;+;f/df cfufdflbåf/f ;Dk"0f{ eoaf6
/Iff u5{, To;nfO{ dGq elgG5 .
dGq zAb ‘dg' cjaf]wg]’ tyf ‘q}+ª kfng]’ -/Iff
ug'{_ / ‘dlGqu'Kt kl/efif0f]’ wft'x¿af6 ag]sf] 5 .
j]bdf o;sf] JofVof o;/L atfOPsf] 5— j]b e]bM
k|g"g+ a|Åd0f:klt dGq jbTo'Syd\ . ef;'/fgGbgfy
cfÇgf] ‘nlntf ;x;|gfd’ efiodf n]V5g\— ‘;+;f/
Ifos[Gqf0fwd{0of] dGq pRot] .’ ;f+;fl/s cfjfudgflb
eox¿sf] gfz u/]/ dGqn] eQmsf] /Iff ub{5 . o;sf]
cy{ u'Kt /x:o klg xf] . dGqx¿ j0f{x¿åf/f aG5g\ .
o;sf] :j¿k ljdz{ xf] . k"hf / ;fwgfdf k|o'Qm x'g]
uf]/If lglvn jf0fL, @)^^ r}q
¿kdf cr{g ug]{ ljwfg xf] . ;a} k|sf/sf b]jLb]jtf,
b; dxfljBf OToflbn] dg'iosf] cfGtl/s efjnfO{ :ki6
ub{5 / o;sf] kl/sNkgf u/]/ Oi6¿kdf :jLsf/ ugf{n]
dg'iosf] dgdf cx+sf/sf] pbo x'g] 8/ IfL0f x'G5 .
tGq ;fwgfdf dGqlagf ;kmntf k|fKt x'g ;Sb}g .
dGqsf] lgdf{0f j0f{sf] ;+u7gaf6 x'G5 . j0f{sf] csf]{
gfd g} cIf/ xf] . j0f{ d"n¿kdf Pp6f Wjlg xf] /
WjlgnfO{ cfsfz tŒjo'Qm dflgG5 . dGq ljleGg
j0f{x¿af6 lgld{t x'G5 / o;sf] lgdf{0faf6 h'g t/Ëx¿
aG5g\, tL t/Ëx¿sf] dfWodaf6 ;fws Pp6f ljz]if
cj:yfdf k'Ub5 . dGqx¿sf] t/Ën] ;fwssf] leqL
r]tgf s]Gb|x¿df k|efj kfb{5 . Wjlgx¿sf] cyf{t\
dGqsf] af/Daf/sf] k'g/fj[lQ cyf{t\ hkaf6 h'g kl/0ffd
k|fKt x'G5, To;af6 ;fwsleq Pp6f cg'e"lt hfu[t
x'G5 . dGqaf6 k"/} JolQmTjsf] ¿kfGt/0f ;Dej 5 .
;+:sf/x¿sf] ;dfkg klg ;Dej 5 . dGqaf6 r]tgfsf]
kl/isf/ x'G5 lsgls o;} j}1flgs k|lqmofsf sf/0f t/Ë
pTkGg x'g] ub{5 . c6'6 t/Ëx¿sf] k|efjaf6 ;fwsleq
dGq tL ljlzi6 Wjlgx¿ x'g\ h;n] ;Da4 b]jtfsf]
:j¿knfO{ JoQm ub{5 . cd's b]jtfsf] dGq tL cIf/ jf
cIf/x¿sf] ;d"x x'g\ h;n] ;fwg zlQmåf/f clew]onfO{
;fwssf] r]tgfdf cjtL0f{ ub{5 .
dGq zAbfTds 5 / zAb ;d:t Jojxf/x¿sf]
sf/0f dflgG5 . o;sf] a|Åd;Fu ce]b ;DaGw :yflkt
ub}{ ‘afOan’df elgPsf] 5— ‘;[li6sf] cf/Desfndf
s]jn zAb lyof] . Tof] k/dfTdf;Fu lyof] . Tof] :jo+
k/dfTdf lyof] .’ ‘s'nf0f{j’ tGqdf dGq, b]jtf / u'?
Ps} dflgPsf] 5 .
oyf b]j:tyf dGqf] oyf dGq:tyf u'?M
b]j dGq u'¿0ff+ r k"hof ;b[z+ kmnd\ .
b]j, dGq tyf u'? Ps} x'g\ . logLx¿sf] k"hgaf6
Pp6} kmn ldNb5 . ofl1sx¿sf cg';f/ jfs\ -jf0fL_
sf rf/ e]b dflgPsf] kfOG5— dGq, sNk, a|fÅd0f
/ nf}lssL . dGqsf rf/ k|sf/ atfOPsf] 5— j}lbs,
kf}/fl0fs, tflGqs / ;fa/ .
j}lbs— lqmof Pj+ efjgf b'j} .
tGq ljz]if
kf}/fl0fs— efjsf] k|wfgtf, lqmof uf}0f .
tflGqs— lqmofsf] k|d'vtf .
;fa/ dGq— zlQmsf] cfÅjfg .
tflGqs dGqcGtu{t PsfpGg j0f{ 5g\ . logdf
;d:t jfª\do cfpF5g\ . o;}sf] kl/nlIft ¿k PsfpGg
kL7 x'g\ . dGqx¿df ljz]if u/L lgDg ^ s'/fx¿dfly
Wofg lbOPsf] kfOG5—
5Gb— o;df pRrf/0fsf] /Llt 1ft x'G5 .
Clif— dGq tŒjsf cfljistf{sf] kl/ro .
b]jtf— Oi6 kmn k|fKt u/fpg] b]jtfsf] 1fg .
aLh— d"n tŒjsf] ;+lIfKt ¿k .
sLns— lj/f]wL zlQm h;n] ;fwsnfO{ ;fwgfaf6
x6fpF5, To;sf] lg/f]wsf nflu .
zlQm— r}tGo zlQmsf] ;+rf/ .
dGq zf:qdf dGqsf tLg e]b atfOPsf] 5—
!= aLh dGq
@= dGq
#= dfnf dGq
11
Pp6f rqm hfu[t x'G5 .
k|yd l:yltdf ;fwsn] jflrs hk ub{5 / o:tf]
hk k9]/ ul/G5 . bf];|f] l:yltdf hk dfgl;s x'G5 /
t];|f] pRrtd cj:yfdf hk cgfof; eO/xG5 . ha
cgfof; hk x'g nfUb5 ta dGqsf] Wjlg t/Ë ;Gt'lnt
x'g hfG5 . dGqfg';f/ k|efj lbg ;dy{ x'G5 .
o;k|sf/ dGqx¿ c;ª\Vo 5g\ . ;fwssf] cj:yf,
k|of]hg Pj+ nIocg';f/ u'?n] a]Unfa]Un} dGqsf] 5gf}6
ug'{x'G5 . dGq ljz]if cj:yfdf k'u]/ k|efj lbg ;dy{
x'G5 . o;nfO{ dGq r}tGosf] cj:yf elgG5 . ;Dos
k|sf/n] dGqsf] k'g/fj[lQ x'G5 eg] cyf{t\ 7Ls k|sf/n]
ul/G5 eg] dGq ;fy{sl;4 x'G5 .
tGqlj1fgsf cg';f/ ‘hfkft\ l;l4M hkft\ l;l4M
hkft\l;l4 g{ ;+zoM’ cyf{t\ hkaf6 l;l4 k|fKt x'g
;S5 . lagfhk l;l4 ;Dej} 5}g . dGq lglZrt
;do;Dd hk ul/G5 eg] l;l4 / ;fIffTsf/ ;Dej
x'G5 . tGq lj1fgdf dGqnfO{ r}tGo ug{sf nflu
logdf dGq / dfnf dGqsf] cy{ t :ki6 x'G5 .
aLh dGqn] hkåf/f cfÇgf] cy{ atfpF5 .
aLh dGq— of] ljlzi6 efj k|s6 ug{sf nflu
x'G5 . dGqof]u ;+lxtfdf * k|sf/sf aLh dGq atfOPsf]
kfOG5—
u'? aLh+ zlQm aLh+ /df aLh+ ttf] ej]t\ .
sfd aLh+ of]u aLh+ t]hf] aLhdyfk/d\ .
zlQm aLh+ r /Iff+ k|f]Stf r}iff+ k|wfgtf ..
u'? aLh+— P]+, zlQm aLh+— qmL+, /df aLh+— >L+ .
sfd aLh+— SnL+, of]u aLh+— qmL+, t]hf] aLh+— x|L+ . zlQm
aLh+— :qL+, /Iff aLh+— ÅnL+ .
qmL+
s—sfnL, /—a|Ådf, Osf/—dxfdfof, cg':jf/—
b'Mvx/0f, cy{ M a|ÅdzlQm ;DkGg dxfdfof sfnL d]/f]
b'MvnfO{ x/0f ug'{xf];\ .
>L+
z—dxfnIdL, /—wg, P]Zjo{, O{—t'li6, cg':jf/—
b'Mvx/0f, cy{ M wg, P]Zjo{, ;DklQ, t'li6–k'li6sL
12
clwi7fqL b]jL nIdL d]/f b'Mvx¿nfO{ gfz ug'{xf];\ .
x|f}+
x—lzj, cf}—;bflzj, cg':jf/—b'Mvx/0f, cy{ M
lzj tyf ;bflzj s[kf u/]/ d]/f] b'Mv xg'{xf];\ .
b'+
b—b'uf{, psf/—/Iff, cg':jf/— ug'{, cy{ M dftf
b'uf{ d]/f] /Iff ug'{xf];\ .
P]+
P]—;/:jtL, cg':jf/—b'Mvx/0f, cy{ M x] dftf ;/:jtL
d]/f b'Mvx¿nfO{ cyf{t\ cljBfnfO{ gfz ug'{xf];\ .
SnL+
s—s [ i 0f cyjf sfd, n—OGb| , O{ — t' l i6efj,
cg':jf/—;'vbftf, cy{ M sfdb]j ¿k >Ls[i0f dnfO{
;'v, ;f}efUo lbg'xf];\ .
u+
u—u0f]z, cg':jf/—b'Mvxtf{, cy{ M >L u0f]z d]/f
lj£g / b'Mvx¿nfO{ x/0f ug'{xf];\ .
uf]/If lglvn jf0fL, @)^^ r}q
dGqhksf ljleGg pkfox¿ klg atfOPsf 5g\ . dGqsf
bf]ifx¿nfO{ b"/ ug{ dGq ;+:sf/sf] ljwfg klg ul/Psf
5g\ . dGqhk Pp6f ;/ntd lglZrt tyf ;jf{lws
;'/lIft ;fwg xf] . hf];'s}n] klg hk ug{ ;S5 . o;
;fwgåf/f hLjgdf ef}lts tyf cfWoflTds ;kmntf
k|fKt ug{ ;S5 . o;sf nflu tLgj6f tŒj cfjZos
5g\— != dgsf] Psfu|tf @= dGqdf ljZjf; #= Xbosf]
z'4tf . dGqhkåf/f g} JolQmsf] leqL cGwsf/ tyf d}nf]
efUb5, cGtMs/0f z'4 x'G5 / h'g Oi6 tyf zlQmnfO{
af/Daf/ pRrf/0f ul/G5 p;sf] ljz]if u'0fzlQm
b}bLKodfg\:j¿k xfd|f] dgMrIf';fd' pkl:yt x'g nfU5 .
dGqhksf] lgod / To;sf] ljlwsf] 1fg ;fwsnfO{
geP;Dd dGqhk ;kmn x'bF g} . o;sf/0f dGqhkdf tLg
k|sf/sf] :j¿knfO{ :ki6 ul/Psf] kfOG5—
!= jflrs hk— dGq hksf] tfTko{ xf]— ha :ki6
pRrf/0fsf ;fy Wjlg ;'lgG5 eg] To;nfO{ jflrs hk
elgG5 .
@= pkf+z' hk— o; lqmofdf dGqhkdf s]jn cf]7
/ lha|f]åf/f dGqsf] pRrf/0f :kGbg lqmof ul/G5 /
Wjlg aflx/ ;'lgFb}g .
#= dfg; hk— o; lqmofdf dGqsf] cy{nfO{ a'´]/
1fgk"js
{ dgaf6 dGqhk rNb} /xG5 . of] pQd k|sf/sf]
hk ljlw xf] .
jflrs hkeGbf pkf+z' hk >]i7 / pkf+z'eGbf
dfg; hk pQd dflgG5 . s]jn dGqhkaf6} dgsf
rf/}lt/ km}lnPsf zlQm Pslqt x'G5g\ . o;af6 dgdf
;dtf k|fKt x'G5 . eujfg\ >Ls[i0fn] uLtfdf eGg'ePsf]
5— ‘;dTj+ of]u pRot]×’ dgsf] ;dtf g} of]u xf] / oxL
;dtfn] Wofgsf] ¿k lnG5 . o;sf] kl/0flt ;dflw¿kdf
x'G5 . cyf{t\ dg g} wf/0ff, Wofg Pj+ ;dflwsf] :j¿k
xf] . >Ldb\eujb\uLtfsf] !* cf}F cWofodf eujfg\
>Ls[i0fn] o;/L :ki6 eGg'ePsf] 5— o1x¿df d hk
o1 x'F tyf ;fwsnfO{ gfd hkåf/f g} l;l4 k|fKt x'g
;S5 . ho u'?b]j ∕
x"+
x—lzj, pm—e}/j, cg':jf/—b'Mvxtf{, cy{ M c;'/
;+xf/s lzj Pj+ e}/j d]/f b'Mvx¿nfO{ gfz ug'{xf];\ .
Unf}+
u—u0f]z, n—Jofks ¿k, cf}—t]h, cg':jf/—
b'Mvx/0f, cy{ M Jofks¿k lj£gxtf{ u0f]z cfÇgf]
t]haf6 d]/f b'Mvx¿sf] gfz ug'{xf];\ .
:qL+
;—b'uf{, t—tf/0f, /—d'lQm, cy{ M b'uf{ d'lQmbftf,
b'Mvxtf{, ej;fu/tfl/0fL dxfdfof d]/f b'Mvx¿sf] gfz
ug'{xf];\ .
I/f}+
If—g[l;+x, /—a|Åd, cf}—pmWj{bGt, cg':jf/—
b'Mvx/0f, cy{ M pmWj{bGt, pmWj{s]zL a|Åd:j¿k g[l;+x
eujfg\ d]/f b'Mvx¿nfO{ b"/ ug'{xf];\ .
j+
j—cd[t, cg':jf/—b'Mvx/0f, cy{ M x] cd[t:j¿k
;fu/ d]/f b'MvnfO{ b"/ ug'{xf];\ .
x|L+
x—lzj, /—k|s[lt, O{—dxfdfof, cg':jf/—b'Mvx/0f, cy{
M lzjo'Qm ljZjdftf dxfdfof zlQm d]/f b'Mvx¿nfO{ gfz
ug'{xf];\ .
oL aLh dGqx¿ cfkm}df dGq:j¿k 5g\—
z+—z+s/ aLh, k|mf}+—
xg'dfg aLh, qmf}+—
sfnL aLh, b+—lji0f' aLh, x+—cfsfz aLh, o+—clUg
aLh, /+—hn aLh, n+—k[YjL aLh, z+—1fg aLh, c+—e}/j
aLh .
o;k|sf/ dGq / aLh dGqx¿sf] hk ugf{n] tflGqs
lqmof ;DkGg x'G5 . tGqsf b; ;+:sf/ 5g\ / To;sf]
;fy;fy} k'/Zr/0fsf] ljwfg klg cfpF5 . k|f/lDes
cj:yfdf lglZrt ;ª\Vofdf lgoldt hk cfjZos
x'G5 . dGqhkaf6 jf0fLsf] l;l4 / dgsf] z'l4 x'G5
h;af6 leqsf] x6]/ 1fg / r]tgf cfÇgf] >]i7¿kdf
;fwssf] JolQmTjdf k|s6 x'G5 . ctM k|To]s ;fwsn]
dGqhk cjZo g} ug'{kb{5 .
ho u'?b]j ¤
tGq ljz]if
13
;b\u'? / tGq lj1fg
t
Gq ljj] r gfaf6 of] :ki6
x'G5 ls k|To]s JolQm cfkm}df
tflGqs xf] . dGq / oGqsf ;fy
;fwgf dfu{df lxF8]sf] JolQmnfO{
tflGqs elgG5 . hf] tGqsf] of]u
lnP/ ;fwgf kydf cu|;/ x'G5,
p;nfO{ k|f/lDes cj:yfdf c¿sf]
;xf/f rflxG5 . h;n] ;xof]u, ;xf/f
lbg'x'G5, pxfF g} u'? x'g'x'G5 . u'? /
u'? tŒjdf w]/} cGt/ 5}g . u'? eGgfn]
s'g} z/L/wf/L u'?sf] af]w x'G5 . u'?n]
;fwgfsf] ;f]kfgnfO{ kf/ ug'{ePsf]
x'G5 / pxfFdf olt w]/} ;fdYo{ x'G5
ls cfÇgf lziox¿nfO{ ;fwgf qmddf
pQL0f{ u/fpg ;dy{ x'g'x'G5 . tGq
zf:qdf eg] u'?nfO{ tŒj¿kdf lnOPsf] 5 . jf:tjdf
s'g} klg z/L/wf/L dg'io u'? x'g ;Sb}g, u'? tŒjsf]
k|tLs dfq x'g ;S5g\ . u'?sf] ;DaGwdf hlt klg
:j¿k lgwf{/0fk/s Znf]s 5g\, To;df k/d tŒjnfO{
g} u'?¿kdf dflgPsf] 5 .
cv08d08nfsf/+ JofKt o]g r/fr/+,
tTkb+ blz{t+o]g t:d} >L u'/j] gdM .
u'?a{|Ådf u'?lj{i0f'M u'?b]{jf] dx]Zj/M .
u'? ;fIfft\ k/a|Åd t:d} >L u'/j] gdM ..
;d:t r/fr/ hut\df cv08, cgGt / r}tGo¿kdf
JofKt To; k/dtŒjsf] 1fg u/fpg'x'g] k"Ho u'?b]jnfO{
af/Daf/ gd:sf/ 5 .
u'? g} a|Ådf, lji0f' / lzj:j¿k x'g'x'G5 tyf
;fIfft\ a|Åd¿k x'g'x'G5 . o:tf u'?nfO{ d af/Daf/
gdg ub{5' .
u'? k/a|Åd x'gx' G' 5 . To;}n] tGq zf:qdf u'?, dGq,
tyf b]jtfdf ce]b dflgPsf] 5 . u'? zAbsf] zflAbs
cy{dfly ljrf/ ub}{ atfOPsf] kfOG5—
usf/M l;l4bM k|f]Stf] /]kmM kfk:o bfxsM .
14
psf/M zde'l/To'Stl:qwfTdf u'?/JooM ..
u'? zAbsf] cy{ xf]— usf/ l;l4 lbg'x'g], /]km
;d:t kfkx¿nfO{ bxg ug]{, psf/ lzjsf] kl/rfos
xf] . o;k|sf/ tLg} zlQmx¿af6 o'Qm u'? cljgfzL
x'g'x'G5 .
o; cy{af6 of] klg 1ft x'G5 ls u'? z/L/ ;Ldfdf
afFlwg''x'Gg . pxfF Ps cv08 tŒj x'g'x'G5 . tGqdf
dflgPsf] 5— u'? x'g t lzjn] dfq} ;Sg'x'G5 . o;}n]
tGqdf u'?sf] hlt k|sf/sf Wofg atfOPsf 5g\, tL
df}lns¿kdf lzjsf g} Wofg x'g\ . Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{
Wofg o;k|sf/ 5—
Zj]t+ Zj]t ljn]Ko dfNoj;g+ jfd]g /Stf]Tknd\ .
lje[Tof lk|oo]t/]0f t/;flni6+ k|;Ggfgd\ ..
x:tfEofdeo+ j/+ r bwt+ zDe':j¿k+ k/d .
xfnfnf]lxt nf]rgf]Tkno'u+ Wofo]lR5/:o+ u'?d\ ..
uf}/ j0f{, Zj]t rGbg nufpg'ePsf], Zj]]t dfnf /
j:q nfpg'ePsf], afofF efudf /Qm sdnn] ;'zf]let
cfÇgL lk|of dfofzlQmn] o'Qm, k|;Gg d'v ePsf],
b'j} xftdf ceo tyf j/bfg lbg''x'Fb} zDe':j¿k
/Qmsdn;dfg b'O{ gogn] o'Qm cf1frqdf lj/fhdfg
uf]/If lglvn jf0fL, @)^^ r}q
u'?sf] Wofg u/f}F .
u'?sf] h'g :j¿k 5, j:t'tM Tof] lzjsf] :j¿k g} xf] .
:ki6¿kdf ‘s'nf0f{j’n] eGb5 ls u'? s]jn lzj dfq x'g
;Sg'x'G5 / pxfF g} e'lQmd'lQm lbg] x'g'x'G5 . u'? k/dtŒj
¿kdf x'g'x'G5 / pxfFnfO{ s]jn k/1fgLn] dfq a'‰g
;S5g\ . Tof] k/dtŒj ;fIfft\ lzjsf] ¿kdf x'g'x'G5 Pj+
hf] k|tLs u'?df x'G5, To;df lzj efjgf g} ug'{k5{ .
ctPj lzjM ;fIffb\ u'? ¿k+ ;dfl>tM .
eTSof ;Dk"lhtf] b]lj e'lQm d'lQm k|oR5lt ..
>Lu'?+ k/d+ tŒj lti7Gt+ rIf'/u|tM .
dGbefUof g kZolGt ÅoGwfM ;"o{ldjf]lbtd\ ..
u'?M ;bflzjM ;fIfft\ ;Tod]j g ;+zoM ..
lzjPj u'?gf]{ r]b\e'lQm+ d'lQm+ bbflt sM ..
;bflzj:o b]j:o >Lu'/f]/lk kfj{lt .
peof]/Gt/+ gfl:t oM s/f]lt ; kftsL ..
‘o;}n] u'? g} lzjsf] :ffIfft\ :j¿k x'g'x'G5 . x] b]jL
kfj{tL ¤ >4fk"j{s pgsf] k"hg ugf{n] ef]u / df]Ifsf]
k|flKt x'G5 . k/dtŒj:j¿k u'? ;w}F cfFvf ;fd' x'Fbf klg
dGb efUo JolQmn] pgnfO{ b]Vg ;Sb}g h;/L cGwf]n] plbt
eO/x]sf] ;"o{nfO{ b]Vg ;Sb}g . u'? g} ;fIfft\ lzj¿k
x'g'x'G5 eGg] s'/fdf z+sf 5}g . olb u'? lzj:j¿k
x'gx' G' g eg] ;fwsnfO{ ef]u / df]Ifsf] k|flKt sf]af6 x'G5 <
x] kfj{tL ¤ ;bflzj:j¿k u'? / lzjdf s'g} cGt/ 5}g .
kfkL JolQmn] g} b'O{df ljefhg ub{5 .’
tGq ;fwgfdf cf1f rqmdfly ;x;|f/;dLk u'?
rqm dflgPsf] 5 / j0f{do dl0f l;+xf;gdf pxfFsf]
cf;g 5 cyf{t\ pxfF x/]s JolQmleq cjl:yt x'g'x'G5
/ o; tŒjsf] hfu/0f ePkl5 To;sf] lgb]{z k|fKt x'g
nfUb5 . u'? tŒj¿kdf Pp6f Jofks / r}tGo¿k
x'g'x'G5 Pj+ o;} b[li6n] dGq, b]jtf / u'?df s'g} e]b
dflgPsf] kfOFb}g .
u'? tŒjsf] lrGtgdf efjgf ;'b[9 ePkl5 g} k|tLs
u'?, hf] z/L/¿kdf x'gx' G' 5, sf] pkof]lutf Pj+ pko'Qmtf
aGb5 . dg'io b]xwf/L xf] . o;}n] u'? z/L/¿kdf x'g'
;'ljwfhgs x'G5 . t/ of] ;'ljwf ta;Dd jf:tljs¿kdf
k|fKt x'Fb}g ha;Dd p;n] tŒjaf]wn] o'Qm eP/ k|tLsdf
klg efjgfnfO{ b[9 ub{5 lsgls ;fwssf nflu k|tLs
cf/De xf] / tŒj nIo xf] . o;}n] tGqdf b'j}df Pstfsf]
cg'ej ug{ elgPsf] 5 .
tGq ljz]if
b]xwf/L u'?sf nflu klg tGq zf:qdf nIf0f
atfOPsf] 5 . tL ;f/f nIf0fn] log} s'/flt/ ;+st] ub{5g\
ls u'? x'gdf pxfF g} ;dy{ x'g'x'G5 h;nfO{ lzjaf6
cf/De x'g] k/Dk/fsf] dfWodaf6 dGq k|fKt ePsf] 5
/ hf] ;fwgf kydf lxF8\g'ePsf] 5 .
nf]sdf pxfF ;j{yf ;Gt'i6 x'g'x'G5 / lziok|lt
s?0ffefjn] o'Qm eP/ p;nfO{ k/dtŒjsf] af]w u/fpg]
OR5f /fVg'x'G5 . afÅo¿kdf hlt klg u'?sf] nIf0f
atfOPsf] 5, tL cfGtl/s pknlAwx¿sf k|tLs dfq
x'g\ . k|ToIf u'?sf] ;DaGwdf atfOPsf] 5 ls pxfF
zfGt, IfdfzLn, ljgLt Pj+ z'4 e]ifjfnf, z'4frf/n]
o'Qm, kljq Pj+ k|1fo'Qm, Wofglgi7 / dGq tGqdf kf/+ut
x'g'kb{5 . ;+;f/;fu/af6 lgdUghgnfO{ tŒj¿kL gfp
k|bfg u/]/ tfg{df ;dy{ x'g'kb{5\, To:tf] JolQmTj g} u'?
x'g ;Sg'x'G5 .
zfGtf] bfGtM s'nLg ZrljgLtM z'4j]zjfg\ .
z'4frf/M ;'k|lti7M z'lrb{IfM ;'a'l4dfg\ ..
cf>dL Wofglgi7Zr d+q tGq ljzf/bM .
lgu|xfg'u|x] zStf] u'?l/TolewLot] ..
;+;f/ ;fu/] dUgfg\ o:tfolt b]lxgM ..
tTjKnjk|bfg]g ; Pj lx u'?M :d[tM ..
o;sf cltl/Qm k|foM ;a} tGq u|Gyx¿df u'?sf]
nIf0f atfOPsf] kfOG5 h'g o;} d"n ljGb'sf] ;]/f]km]/f]df
ePsf] kfOG5 . t/ tGq ;fwgfdf u'?sf] h'g tŒj¿k
atfOPsf] 5, Tof] ;jf]{kl/ 5 .
tGq lj1fgn] u'?sf] dxŒjdfly ljz]if an lbG5
lsgls k|To]s b[li6n] u'?n] g} lzionfO{ bLIff k|bfg
ug'{x'G5 / bLIffkl5 dGq k|bfg ug'{x'G5 . bLIffsf]
dfWodn] g} ;fwgfsf] qmd k|f/De x'G5 / ljsl;t klg
x'G5 . bLIffsf ;fydf zlQmkft klg hf]l8Psf] x'G5 Pj+
zlQmkftsf] tLa|tf lziosf] cj:yfcg';f/ x'G5 .
bLIffsf] d"n /x:o of] xf] ls u'?n] zlQmkftsf]
dfWodaf6 lziodf t]h; tŒj eg'{x'G5 h;n] sfnfGt/df
pm leqsf] dnnfO{ zf]wg u/]/ cfTdfdf hd]sf] cfj/0fnfO{
;d'R5]lbt u/]/ cfnf]lst u5{ . o;} tŒjn] ;fwsnfO{
;fwgfsf] prfO{;Dd k'¥ofpF5 tyf r]tgfsf ljljw e"ldaf6
kf/ ub}{ df]Ifsf] clwsf/L agfpF5 . bLIffkl5 ;fwgf
cf/De x'G5 . hf] ;fws cfÇgf] ;fwgfdf hlt cEo:t
x'G5 Tolt g} dfly;Dd k'Ug ;Sb5 . ho u'?b]j ∕
15
c
tGqljBf
lwsf+z hgdfg;x¿ tGqsf] pRrf/0f x'Fbf df/0f,
jzLs/0f, e"tk|]tflb lgs[i6 l;l4 k|flKtåf/f
;dfhnfO{ si6 lbg] ljBf dfG5g\ . ´f/km'saf6 /f]u
lgbfg ug]{, k|]tflb u|xaf6 d'lQm lbnfpg], /;fogflb
rdTsf/af6 e|ldt ug]{ rt'/ P]Gb|hflns JolQmTjsf]
¿kdf tflGqssf] lbUe|ldt dfGotf /lxcfPsf] 5 . s]xLn]
pbf/tf b]vfO{ tGqdf if6\sd{sf cltl/Qm nf]sf]ksf/L
ljBfsf] efj /fV5g\ . Pp6f csf]{ af}l4s lrGts
dfGotfn] tGqnfO{ cfTddfo{0fsf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ u5{ .
o:tf ;fwsx¿sf] b[li6df tGq e'lQmsf] dfu{ dfq geO{
d'lQm k|bftf dfu{ ;d]t xf] .
tgflbu0fkl7t t'g wft'b]lv p0fflb ‘i6«g\Ú k|Too ubf{
tGq zAb aGb5 . o;sf] ;fdfGo cy{ km}nfj6 xf] . To;}n]
tGq zf:qdf cfk\mgf] Oi6b]jLsf] ljifodf k"hf, kf7, dGq,
Gof;, Wofg, k'/Zr/0f cflbsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f kfOG5 .
tGq eGgfn] ;fdfGo hgdfg;df hfb', 6'gf, ´f/km's,
df/0f, df]xg, jzLs/0f, :tDeg, pRrf6g, nfu", 5f]8
cflbsf] af]w x'G5 . s;}­s;}n] t o;nfO{ j]blj?4,
k~rdsf/sf] k|of]u ug]{ / cZnLn sd{df cfwfl/t eg]/
k"/} tGqnfO{ g} lgGbf ub{5g\ t/ tGq zf:qsf] jf:tljs
ljifo pRr 5, cfbz{do 5 / lgoda4 5 . k"Ho u'?sf]
lgb]{zgdf pkf;gf ubf{ if6\rqm e]bg u/L :jo+ lzjdo
aGg] ljlwsf] ¿kdf zf:qdf jl0f{t 5 . ;Rrf ;fwssf]
nflu t ef]u / df]If b'j} j:t' b'O{ xftsf n8\8' x'g\ . To;}n]
zf:qdf elgPsf] 5­‘ef]uZr df]IfZr s/:y PjÚ . ;Rrf
Xbon] elQmk"j{s Oi6b]jLsf] pkf;gf ug]{ ;fwssf ;fd'
jfSo l;l4 x'g', :jtM ;f+;fl/s ;'vef]usf ;fwg k|fKt
x'g', z/L/af6 ;'uGw lg:sg', ci6l;l4 k|fKt x'g' cflb
t ;fwf/0f ljifo dfq x'g\ . o:tf ;'v­ef]usf s'/fx¿
df]Ifdfu{sf nflu eg] afws g} x'g\ . ;Rrf tflGqssf
nflu oL t'R5 s'/f x'g\ . p;sf] p2]Zo k/d kb k|fKt
u/L lzjdo aGg' xf] .
h'g zf:qdf != ;[li6­k|s/0f, @= k|no k|s/0f, #=
tGq­lg0f{o, $= b}jL ;[li6sf] lj:tf/, %= tLy{­j0f{g, ^=
16
a|Ådrof{lb cf>d­wd{, &= a|fÅd0fflb­j0f{­wd{, *= hLj
­;l[ i6sf] lj:tf/, (= oGq ­lg0f{o, !!= b]jtfx¿sf] pTklQ,
!!= cf}iflw­sNk, !@= u|x­gIfqflb ;+:yfg, !#= k'/f0ffVofg,
!$= sf]if ­syg, !%= j|t ^= zf}rfzf}r ­lg0f{o, !&=
g/sj0f{g, !*= cfsfzflb k~r­tŒjsf] clwsf/ cg';f/
k~r;u'0ff]kf;gf, !(= :y"n Wofg cflb e]bn] rf/
k|sf/sf a|Ådsf Wofg, @)= wf/0ff, dGq ­of]u, x7 ­of]u,
no ­of]u, /fh­of]u, k/dfTdf­k/d]Zj/sf ;a} k|sf/sf]
pkf;gf ljlw, @!= ;Kt­bz{g­zf:qx¿sf ;ft 1fgsf
/x:o, @@= cWofTd cflb tLg k|sf/sf efjx¿sf] nIo,
@#= tGq / k'/f0fx¿sf ljljw efiffx¿sf] /x:o, @$=
j]bsf] if8·, @%= rf/} j]b, k|]t tŒj @^= /;fog­zf:q,
/;fog l;l4, @&= hk­l;l4, @*= >]i7­ tk­l;l4, @(=
b}jL hut\;DaGwL /x:o, #!= ;sn­b]j­k"lht zlQmsf]
j0f{g, #!= if6\r
­ qmsyg, #@= :qL­k'?if­nIf0f j0f{g, ##=
/fh­wd{, bfg­wd{, o'uwd{, #$= Jojxf/­/Llt, #%= cfTdf­
cgfTdfsf] lg0f{o OToflb nIf0fx¿sf] ;Gbe{df j0f{g
ul/Psf] x'G5 . o;nfO{ tGqzf:q elgg] Clifx¿sf] dt
/x]sf] 5 .
w] / } tGqk| 0 f] t fx¿sf] dGoJon] tGqnfO{ >L
;bflzjf]Qm tGq, kfj{tLslyt tGq / Clifu0fk|0fLt
tGq -cfud, lgud / cfif{_ u/L tLg efudf ljeQm
ug{ ;lsG5 . OlR5t tŒj cwLgsf nflu b]jtfx¿sf]
:j¿k, u'0f sdf{lbsf] lrGtg k|lqmofdf k|sfz kfb}{ k6n,
sjr, ;x:qgfd tyf :tf]q;lxt k~r cË k"hf–cfrf/
ljlwsf] dfu{ lgb]{zg ul/Psf] x'G5 .
-s_ k6n -b]jtfsf] dxŒj, zL3| sfo{l;l4 ug{
hk, xf]dflbsf cfjZos ;fdu|L / zfkf]4f/ dGq;d]t
lgb]{lzt_ -v_ k4lt -;fwgfsf] zf:qLo ljlw lgb]{z ub}{
k|ftM :gfg, k"hf, hk dGqflb / ljlgof]uflbsf] ;Dk"0f{
j0f{g tyf lgTo / g}ldlQs b'j} k|sf/sf k"hfsf] ljwfg,
sfDo k|of]usf] ;/n hfgsf/L_ -u_ sjr -pkf;gfsf
b]jtf cfÇg} z/L/df lgjf; u/fO{ /Iffsf] k|fy{gf ul/g],
Gof; / kf7åf/f sjr l;4 ;fwssf] ´f/km"saf6 s'g}
uf]/If lglvn jf0fL, @)^^ r}q
klg /f]uLsf] /f]u zfGt x'G5 . sjr kf7 hkkl5 dfq
ul/G5 . ef]hkq n]vg, hn cledlGqt, ltnssf ;fy}
cGo wf/0f j:t'x¿ cledlGqt ul/g]_ -3_ ;x:qgfd
-ljljw k"hfx¿df :jtGq kf7 tyf xjgsfo{df k|o'Qm
x'g] pkf:o b]jsf] clt /x:ok"0f{ u'0f sd{ cfVoflgt tyf
l;4 dGqdo ;+slnt xhf/ gfd_ -ª_ :tf]q -cf/fWob]jsf
u'0fufg, k|fy{gf ;+u|lxt :t'lt . l;4 :tf]qdf dGq ljlw
-:j0f{flb agfpg], oGq agfpg]_ k|of]u -cf}iflw cflb_ u'Kt
;+s]taf6 atfOPsf] x'G5 ._ oL kfFr c+ux¿n] k"0f{ zf:q
g} tGqzf:q xf] eGg] dfGotf 5 .
tGqzf:qdf d'Vo cf/fWofb]jL bz dflgG5g\ .
lognfO{ bz dxfljBf elgG5 . bIfk|hfkltsf] o1df x7ft\
hfg nfu]sL ;tLb]jLnfO{ lzjhLn] /f]Sg vf]Hg'eof] . Tof]
;dodf zÍ/b]lv bz lbzfaf6 pDsg vf]Hg] ;tLb]jLsf]
cjtf/ dflgPsf bz b]jL g} bz dxfljBf x'g\ . bz
dxfljBf eGgfn] !=sfnL @= tf/f #= iff]8zL -lqk'/;'Gb/L_
$= e'jg]Zj/L %= l5Ggd:tf ^= e}/jL -lqk'/ e}/jL_ &=
w"dfjtL *= aunfd'vL (= dftËL !!= sdnf -nIdL_
oL bz eujtLnfO{ a'l´G5 . oL eujtLsf != dxfsfn
@= cIff]Eo #= k~rjSq lzj $= œoDas %= saGw ^=
blIf0ffd"lt{ ­-sfne}/j_ &= PsjSq *= dxf?b| (= dtË
!!= ;bflzj -lji0f'_ oL k'?ifx¿ x'g\ . oL dxfljBfsf cf–
cfÇg} dGq, k"hfk4lt, Wofg, Gof;, :tf]q, k'/Zr/0fx¿
5g\ . oL ;a} eujtLx¿ gfd, ¿k / sfo{sf sf/0f
leGbf­leGb} b]lvP klg cflv/df k/a|Åd:j¿kf eujtL
eg] Ps g} l5g\ . oL k/a|Åd:j¿kf eujtL slxn]
gjb'{uf, slxn] bz dxfljBf, slxn] ci6dft[sf ag]/
nLnf ub{l5g\, To;}n] ;KtztL -r08L_ df elgPsf] 5
­‘Ps}jfx+ huToq låtLof sf ddfk/f .’
tGqljBfdf lzjzlQm jf e}/j e}/jLsf] qmL8f:ynsf
¿kdf g]kfndf %! e}/j / e}/jLsf] af; /x]sf] ljZjf;
ul/G5 . yf]d; P6]/lsG;gsf] dtdf t g]kfn %! xhf/
e}/je}/jLsf] kL7 xf] . o; cy{df g]kfndf Ps nfv b'O{
xhf/ zlQm kL7x¿ ljBdfg 5g\ t/ 8L=;L= ;/sf/n]
s'lAhsf tGq, tGq r"8fdl0f, j[xGgLntGq, kL7 lg0f{o
-dxfkL7 lg¿k0f_ cflb k|frLg tGqzf:qsf cfwf/df
g]kfnnfO{ zfQm pkf;gfsf] s]Gb| dfg]sf] 5 . To:t},
b]jL efujtn] g]kfnnfO{ ‘u'x\osfNof dxf:yfg+ g]kfn]
tGq ljz]if
ot\ k|ltli7td\Ú eg]/ zlQmtLy{ dxfg\ :yn dfg]sf]
5 . x/]s zlQmsf] ;u'0f / lgu{'0f pkf;gf x'G5 .
u'x\osfnL o;sf] ckjfb xf]Og . kfz'kt If]qdf cjl:yt
o;kL7nfO{ pQ/fDgfosL gflosf dflgG5 . cyj{j]bsf
5 zfvfx¿ oyfM tf/tGtjL, df}HhfogL, tf0f{j}GbjL
zf}gsL, k}kfnflbsf, ;f}dGtssf] pNn]v u'x\of]klgifb\n]
ub}{ u'x\o]Zj/Lsf] jf;:ynnfO{ ‘zfQmtLy{Ú dfg]sf] 5 .
dxfsfn;+lxtfsf] sfnLv08df u'x\osfnLsf] !* dGq
/ !* lju|xsf] pNn]v kfOG5 . o;sf] lje]b d"lt{ tyf
lrqsnfdf P3f/ k|sf/af6 j|mdzM Ps, b'O{, tLg, kfFr,
b;, aL;, PSsfO;, 5QL;, ;f7L, c:;L / ;o 6fpsf
ePsf] u'x\osfnLsf] lrqdf dxf+sfn ;+lxtfdf 5 .
g] k fndf lzjzlQmsf PsfTDonfO{ tGq tyf
k'/f0fx¿df k|tLs tyf d"t¿
{ kn] ljj]rgf u/]sf] kfOG5 .
o;cg';f/ u'x\o]Zj/L dWosfnb]lv lbJo]Zj/Lsf ¿kdf
eQmk'/ nf]sGynL, sf7df8f}F Go'/f]8df ljzfnahf/sf]
dxfnIdL dlGb/ kl/;/sf] pQ/klZrd s'gfdf klg
:yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . u'xo\ Z] j/L :sGbk'/f0fsf] s]bf/v08df
j0f{g ul/P´}F ;tLb]jLsf] u'xo\ :ynsf] ktgaf6 l;4 ePsf]
kL7 dfGg] k|yf /x] klg tGq k/Dk/fdf cflbd u'x\os
gfds hfltn] k"hf ug]{ b]jL x'gfn] lognfO{ u'x\o]Zj/LÚ
eGg] u/]sf] csf]{ dt klg 5 . To:t} of] tGqn] d"nfwf/
rj|m ;+/lIfsf eOlbgfn] lognfO{ u'x\o]Zj/L elgPsf] /
u'xo\ f zlQmsf gfdn] lrlgg] :qL, k'?if / gk';+ s;d]taf6
jGbgLo sfnL :j¿kdf lognfO{ u'xo\ sfnL ;d]t elgG5 .
t;y{, b;dxfljBf k/Dk/fdf logsf] gfd ;j{ky| d cfpF5,
oyfM sfnL, tf/f, iff]8ifL, e'jg]Zj/L, e}/jL, l5Ggd:tf,
w"dfjtL, aunfd'vL, dftËL / sdnf .
17
dWosfnLg g]kfnn] k|frLg lnR5ljsfnsf] ifi7L
b]js'n, dft[sf u0f oyfjt\ /x]sf] kfOG5 . dft[sf,
;Ktdft[sfsf] efjnfO{ pl5g]/ sflGtk'/df ci6dft[sf,
eQmk'/df gjb'uf{ tyf kf6gdf b;dxfljBfsf zlQmkL7,
tTsfnLg zlQm s] G b| s f ¿kdf t' n hfejfgLsf]
s]Gb|:ynnfO{ dWodf dfg]/ cf/lIft ul/Psf] gu/jf:t'
tGq k/Dk/f ckgfPsf] 5 .
x/]s dflg;sf] z/L/leq tLg gf8Lx¿ Pj+ ;ftj6f
rj|msf] ;"Id tGq x'G5 . oL rj|mx¿n] xfd|f] hLjgsf]
;a} kIfsf] lgoGq0f ub{5g\ . tnsf rj|mx¿n] d"n h}ljs
ultljlwx¿ tyf dflysf rj|mn] Xbo Pj+ dl:tissf] ;fy}
;x;|f/ Pj+ Tof] eGbf klg dfly 3l6t x'g] cfWoflTds
cj:yfsf] lgoGq0f ub{5g\ . afofF Xboleq ljBdfg cfTdf
-r]tgf_ xfd|f] ;f/ tTj xf] . t/ o;sf] 1fg k|fKt ug{sf]
nflu aflx/L ljrf/ k|jfxnfO{ /f]s]/ ;Tosf] ;fIfL x'gsf]
nflu cGtd{'vL x'g' cfjZos 5 .
Psbd g} ;'Gb/ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 tfls 7Ls
;dodf kfjg cl:ydf ljBdfg ;'Kt kfjg cfWoflTds
pmhf{ s'08lngL x'g ;s"g\ . s'08lngL ha hfu[t x'G5 ta
To;n] lrQnfO{ leq tfGb5 / :jtM g} xfd|f ljrf/x¿
zfGt x'g yfNb5g\ tyf xfdL o:tf] cj:yfdf k'U5f}F
h;nfO{ lglj{rf/ ;dflw elgG5 . of] g} cfTd;fIffTsf/sf]
klxnf] cj:yf xf] .
;xhof]usf] Ps csf]{ nfe xfdLleq r}tGo r]tgf
ljsl;t x'g' xf] h'g cfkm"leqsf] ;"Id z/L/sf] cj:yf
a'‰g ;Sg] of]Uotf xf] . To;cg'¿k rj|msf] l:yltnfO{
cfk\mgf] xftdf dx;'; ug{ ;lsG5 .
xftsf] s'g} klg cf}Fnfdf 3f]r]sf] h:tf] of b'Mv]sf]
h:tf] ePdf To; rj|mdf afwf /x]5 eGg] ;+s]t k|fKt
x'G5 . afofF xftdf afofF gf8LtGq bfofF xftdf bfofF
gf8LtGq tyf b'j} xftdf o; k|sf/sf] cg'e"ltn] dWo
gf8LtGqsf afwfx¿sf] cg'ej ub{5 . cf}Fnfsf] 6'Kkfdf
tyf xftsf] xTs]nfdf zLtn xfjfsf] k|jfxn] o; tYonfO{
bz{fpF5 ls k/d]Zj/L r}tGo nx/Lx¿ caf]w¿kdf
alx/x]sf 5g\ .
tLg gf8Lx¿
!= O8f gf8L -afofF gf8LtGq_
afofF kIf olb :j:y ePdf xfdL efjgfTds¿kdf
18
;Gt'lnt x'G5f}+ . afofF kIfdf afwf ePdf xfdL cN5L,
:jo+nfO{ lwSsfg]{ tyf c¿sf] k|e'Tj ;fd' ´'Sg] aG5f}F .
o; afwfnfO{ 7Ls ug{sf] nflu k[YjL / clUg tŒjsf]
pkof]u ug{ ;lsG5 .
@= lk+unf gf8L -bfofF gf8LtGq_
xfd|f] bfofF gf8LtGqn] xfdLnfO{ ;+rfng ;[hgfTdstf
tyf sfo{x¿nfO{ k"0f{ ug]{ of]Uotf k|bfg ub{5 . xfdL olb
bfofFtkm{ clws uof}F eg] cfqmfds eof}F eg] xfdL gL/;
x'G5f}F, cfnf]rgf u5f}{F / wfs hdfpF5f}F . hn tŒjn] bfofF
kIfsf] cltzo udL{nfO{ zfGt ub{5 .
#= ;'if'Dgf gf8L -dWo gf8LtGq_
dWo gf8LtGqdf l:yt ePkl5 xfdL ;Gt'lnt x'G5f}F
/ pTj|mflGtsf] of]Uo x'G5f}F . lgoldt Wofg wf/0ffn] xfd|f]
dWo gf8LtGqnfO{ ;'b[9 ub{5 tyf xfdL zfGt Pj+ dw'/
aGb5f}F . ho u'?b]j ¤
;Gbe{ u|GyM
g]kfndf zlQm kL7sf] cf/fwgf —8f= ldng/Tg zfSo, tGq
kl/ro, dGq, dxfljBf, tGq l;Gw' — s'Fc/ g/]Gb| l;+x
uf]/If lglvn jf0fL, @)^^ r}q
t
Gq ;fwgfsf d"n hgs eujfg\ lzjnfO{ dflgG5 .
pxfFn] g} cfud zf:qsf] /rgf ug'{eof] . cfud
zf:qdf tGq ;fwgfx¿sf] ljj/0f kfOG5 eg] lgud
zf:q j]b k'/f0flbnfO{ dflgG5 . slno'udf zlQm
;fwgfsf] cfjZostf c´ w]/} 5 . o;}n] tGq ;fwgfsf
l;4fGtx¿ k"0f{¿kn] a'‰g' cfjZos 5 .
j]bflb zf:qdf j}lbs dfu{åf/f hLjgsf] k"0f{tfsf
nflu df]Ifsf] dfu{ atfOPsf] 5 h;df nf}lss j:t'x¿sf]
qmdzM Tofu cfjZos x'G5 . t/ cfud zf:qdf k|]o
-ef]u_ / >]o -df]If_ b'j}nfO{ Ps};fy k|fKt ug]{ ;'ud
dfu{ atfOPsf] 5 . o;}n] cfud zf:qnfO{ tGq zf:q
cyjf zlQm zf:q klg elgPsf] xf] .
‘tGot] lj:tfo{t] 1fgdg]g Olt tGqd\’ cyf{t\ h;sf]
cfwf/af6 1fgsf] lj:tf/ ul/G5 To;nfO{ tGq elgG5 .
z}j l;4fGtcg';f/ h;n] tŒj Pj+ dGqsf] ;dlGjt
ljljw ljifosf] ;lj:tf/ j0f{g ub{5, To;nfO{ tGq
elgG5 . tGq / j]b b'j}sf] r/d nIo hLjgdf k"0f{tf
k|fKt ug'{ xf] . o; b[li6n] b'j}df s'g} leGgtf 5}g .
tGq d"n¿kdf zfQm pkf;gfsf] :j¿k xf] / tGqsf]
pkof]u s'zntfk"j{s ul/g'kb{5 . tGq dtfg';f/ o;sf]
lzIff–bLIff u'?d'vaf6 k|fKt x'G5 . ta dfq JolQm
>]i7 tflGqs aGg ;Sb5 . tGq Pp6f 5'/Lh:t} xf]
h'g 8fS6/sf] xftdf k/] ;b'kof]u eP/ dflg;sf] k|f0f
arfpg ;lsG5, olb 8fFsfsf] xftdf k¥of] eg] o;sf]
b'¿kof]uaf6 dflg;sf] k|f0f ;d]t hfg ;S5 . o;df
5'/Lsf] bf]if s]xL x'bF g} . 5'/Lsf] pkof]u s'g ¿kdf ul/G5,
Tof] dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f xf] . t/ tGqsf] b'¿kof]u ug]{ JolQmn]
Pslbg eofgs ;hfosf] efuL x'g'kg]{ x'G5 .
zlQmlagf s'g} k'?iffy{ klg ;kmn x'Fb}g . k|To]s
c0f' k/df0f'df b]jk|bQ zlQm 5, ToxL zlQmn] j:t'nfO{
;+rfng ub{5 . clUgdf pi0ftf, k|sfz / bxgzlQm x'G5,
ToxL g} To;sf] wd{ xf] . olb clUgdf pi0ftf, k|sfz
Pj+ bxgzlQm gx'g] xf] eg] To;sf] dxŒj x'Fb}gYof] . ctM
tGqsf] dfWodaf6 zlQmsf] pkf;gf cfjZos 5 . of]
tGq ljz]if
pkf;gf alxd'{vL klg x'g ;S5 / cGtd'{vL klg . d"ntM
tGq ;fwgf cfTdzlQm hfu|t ug]{ lqmof xf] .
tfGqf]Qm ;fwgfx¿df b]jLnfO{ zlQmsf] k|wfg
dflgG5 / b]jLsf] ljleGg :j¿kx¿nfO{ l;4 ul/G5 .
lzjM zSTof o'Qmf] olb ejlt zQmM k|eljt'+,
g r]b]j+ b]jf] g vn' s'znM :klGbt'dlk,
cft:Tjfdf/fWof+ xl/x/lj/~rlble/lk
k|0fGt'+ :tf]t'+ jf syds[tk'0oM k|ejlt ..
-;f}Gbo{nx/L_
lzj zlQmaf6 o'Qm eP/ g} ;[hg, kfng Pj+
;+xf/df ;dy{ x'g'x'G5 . olb pxfF zlQm/lxt ePsf]
eP :kGbg klg ug{ ;Sg'x'GgYof] . o;}n] ;f/f b]jtfx¿
zlQmo'Qm ePsfn] g} pkf:o 5g\ . tGq ;fwgfdf ;dosf]
cGt/fn;Fu} e]b pTkGg x'Fb} uof] . o;}sf] Ps :j¿knfO{
pkf;gf elgof] h;df elQm dfu{af6 zlQmsf] pkf;gf
ul/G5 . dGq lqmofåf/f zlQmnfO{ ;fIfft\ l;4 ul/G5 .
of] bf];|f] k|lqmof xf] / o;nfO{ jfddfu{ tGq ;fwgf eg]/
lrlgg yflnof] .
jfddfu{sf cg';f/ zlQm tGqsf] dfWodaf6 sfnL,
b'uf{, rl08sfsf] tLj| ;fwgf cfjZos x'G5 . sfnfGt/df
lzjnfO{ d"n cfwf/ dfg]/ lzjsf] z'Sn j0f{cg'¿k pdf,
uf}/L, ;/:jtL, nIdLh:tf uf]/f] /ªsf zlQmx¿ k"lht
eP tyf lzjsf] sfn¿ksf] sf/0f hf] s[i0fj0f{ x''g'x'G5,
sfnL, r08L, b'uf{, rfd'08f, s[i0ff cflbsf] ;fwgf x'g
yfNof] .
tGq ;fwgfdf dGq z'l4 b|Jo, jfxJo, :yfgnfO{
b[li6ut /fv]/ ;Ifd u'?af6 zfQm bLIff u|x0f u/]/
u'?, b]jL -zlQm_ Pj+ dGqdf PsfTdefj /fVb} aLh,
sjr, Gof;, d'b|f, dft[sf k"hgnfO{ ljz]if¿kn] ;DkGg
ul/G5g\ .
zlQmsf] tLj|td\ :j¿k sfnLsf] ;fwgfdf zj
;fwgf, k~rd'08 ;fwgf Pj+ anLsf] :j¿k cjZo g} 5
t/ o; ;fwgfnfO{ ;flŒjs ¿kn] g} ug{ ;lsG5 lsgls
s'g} klg ;fwgf cdfgjLo x'Fbf zf:q;Ddt x'Fb}g, g t
of] l;4 x'g g} ;S5 .
tGq ;fwgfdf k|d'v¿kdf iff]8z s'nb]jLx¿sf]
19
ljz]if k"hg dflgPsf] 5 h;df j}i0fjL, a|Ådf0fL, sflts],
OGb|f0fL, odL, jf/fxL, O{zfgL, gf/l;+xL, rfd'08f, jf?0fL,
sfnfkL, s'?s'lnof, gf/fo0fL, sf}df/L, k/flhtf Pj+
ck/flhtf ljz]if 5g\ .
tGqsf ci6gflosfx¿sf] pkf;gf klg ljz]if¿kdf
ul/G5, oL x'g\— aflngL, sfd]Zj/L, ljdnf, c¿0ff,
d]lbgL, hoGtL, ;j]{Zj/L, sf]n]zL .
tGq ;fwgfsf] gfd lngf;fy jfddfu{ l;4fGtcg';f/
k~rdsf/nfO{ ljz]if k|wfgtf lbOG5 . ;fdfGo¿kdf of]
dflgPsf] kfOG5— tGq ;fwgf k~rdsf/lagf ;DkGg
x'g} ;Qm}g .
s'nf0f{j tGqdf klg n]lvPsf] 5—
dB+ df+;+ r dLg+ r d'b|f d}y'gd]j r .
dsf/fk+rs+ k|fb'of]{lugf+ d'lQmbfos+ ..
cyf{t\ dB, df+;, dLg, d'b|f / d}y'g oL kfFr dsf/n]
of]uLx¿nfO{ k"0f{ l;l4 / d'lQm k|bfg ub{5g\ .
oxLF cfP/ tGqsf] :j¿ksf] JofVof unt ePsf] 5 .
jf:tjdf oL ;a} j:t'x¿sf] d"n zflAbs cy{af6 xf]Og
ls lognfO{ tflŒjs :j¿kaf6 x]l/g'kb{5 .
of]lugL tGqdf k~rdsf/sf ;DaGwdf pNn]v
ul/Psf] 5 . dB -dlb/f_ sf] ;DaGwdf To;df n]lvPsf]
5— h'g ;x;|f/¿kL kfqdf el/Psf] xf];\ / rGb|dfsf]
snf tŒjaf6 ;|fljt xf];\, Tof] g} lkpg of]Uo ;'/f
xf] . of] lkpgfn] cz'e sd{sf] k|jfx gi6 x'g hfG5 /
20
;fwsn] k/dtŒjsf] 1fg k|fKt u/]/ d'lQm k|fKt ub{5 .
o:tf] JolQm g} of]uL, d'lg aGg ;Sb5g\ . ctM ;'/fsf]
tfTko{ ;fdfGo dlb/f xf]Og, zlQmsf] cd[ttŒj xf] h'g
s'08lngLdf ;x;|f/af6 l;+lrt x'G5 .
df+;sf] ;DaGwdf n]lvPsf] 5— ‘df’ zAb ;Dk"0f{
k|sf/sf /;lk|o j:t'x¿sf] :j¿k xf] / h'g ;fwsn]
oL ;Dk"0f{sf] aln lbP/ cyf{t\ Tofu u/]/ xjg ub{5g\
/ o;df ;+odtf ckgfpF5g\, pg}n] cfÇgf] ;fwgf¿kL
v8\uaf6 o:tf] aln lbP/ k"0f{tf k|fKt ug{ ;Sb5g\,
pg} df+;fxf/L x'g\ .
cfh klg >]i7 o1x¿df b]jL k"hgdf kz'sf] geO{
gl/jnsf] xjg ul/G5 cyjf gl/jnsf] aln lbOG5 .
dLg cyf{t\ df5fsf] tfTko{ xf]— tflGqs lqmof
;DkGg ug]{ a]nfdf cx+sf/, bDe, db, kz'tf, dT;/,
å]if z/L/df ljr/0f ug]{ 5 k|sf/sf df5f -bf]ifx¿_
nfO{ gi6 u/]/ cfkm"nfO{ z'4, kljq agfP/ ub{5f}F eg]
xfdL tflGqs aG5f}F . olb df5f vfP/ tflGqs algg]
eP t cfwfeGbf a9L b]zsf dflg;x¿ plxNo} tflGqs
eO;Sy] .
d'bf| sf] tfTko{ xf]— cfGtl/s efj k|s6 ug'{ . d'bf| åf/f
;fwsn] cf7 k|sf/sf si6bfos d'b|fx¿ -efjx¿_—
cfzf, t[i0ff, h'uK' ;f, eo, 3[0ff, 3d08, nHhf, qmf]wnfO{
Tofu]/ cfÇgf] z/L/ tŒjnfO{ olt dfly p7fpF5 ls pm
cfÇgf] OR5fcg';f/ h] ug{ klg ;dy{ x'G5 / p;nfO{
l;l4 k|fKt x'G5 .
d}yg' sf] tfTko{ xf]— ldng of ;Def]u . t/ oxfF g/ /
gf/Lsf] ;Def]u elgPsf] xf]Og . :qLsf] tfTko{ s'08lngL
zlQm xf] h'g xfd|f] z/L/leq l:yt 5 h;sf] :yfg
d"nfwf/ rqm xf] . ;x;|f/ lzjsf] :yfg xf] . s'08lngL
hfu/0f u/L d"nfwf/df l:yt zlQmnfO{ pmWj{dv
' L u/fP/
;x;|f/df l:yt lzj;Fu ldng u/fpg' g} d}y'g xf] .
tGq zf:qdf e|flGt ;[hgf ug]{ c1fgLx¿n]
k~rdsf/sf] cy{ cfÇgf] OR5fg';f/ lgsfn]/ unt
k|of]u u/]sfn] g} cfh tGqnfO{ x]ob[li6af6 x]l/G5 hals
d"n¿kn] t l;l4 k|fKt ug]{ ljlzi6 k|lqmof xf] tGq .
tGq ;fwgfdf zlQmnfO{ b}jL:j¿ksf] cljgfzL
tŒj dflgPsf] 5 . o;nfO{ j]bdf çsf/ c4{dfqf tyf
ufoqLdf k|0fj dflgG5 . tGq ;fwgf s]jn ;fwg,
P]Zjo{, zlQm, an, /fHo k|flKt, zq' gfz, cfklQ
lgjf/0f, k'q sfdgf cflbsf nflu dfq xf]Og, a?
‘k/dfgGbf]knlAw’ sf nflu ;DkGg ug'{kb{5 . oxL g}
tGq / zlQmsf] ;dfof]hgsf] nIo xf] . ho u'?b]j ¤
uf]/If lglvn jf0fL, @)^^ r}q
cfpm, d agfpF5' ltdLnfO{ tflGqs
tGq ;DaGwdf olt w]/} e|flGtx? 5g\ ls ;fdfGo
JolQm tGqsf] gfdb]lv 8/fpF5 . jf:tjdf tGq t
hLjgnfO{ ;'Jojl:yt ug]{ lqmof xf], hLjgsf sdLnfO{
k"/f ug]{ lqmof xf] . oxL tGq lj1fg ;f/ule{t?kdf k|:t't
5 k/dk"Ho ;b\u'?b]jsf] cd/ cf]h:jL jf0fLdf—
bL3f]{ jtfd\ k"0f{ db}j ¿k+,
tf+qf]St ¿k+ dk/+ – r b}j+,
a|Ådf08 d]j jlbt+ ;lxt+ ;b}j,
1fg+ jb}j jlbt+ ;lxt+ r t'No+
‘tGq dxf0f{j u|Gy’sf] o; Znf]sdf tGqsf] k"0f{
JofVof ul/Psf] 5 . d}n] t Pp6f Znf]snfO{ lnP/
To;}sf] dfq JofVof u5'{ . k"/f u|Gydf t xhf/f}F Znf]s
x'G5g\ . PsPs Znf]ssf] JofVofn] cfkm}df k"0f{ cy{
af]s]sf] x'G5 .
tGq dxf0f{j cfkm}df clåtLo u|Gy xf] . tGqsf]
cy{ xf]— s'g} klg sfo{nfO{ cToGt} Jojl:yt¿kn] ug]{
lqmof . olQ g} xf] tGqsf] cy{ . s}of}F jif{b]lv xfdL
tGqdo 5f}F . hxfF tGq 5 ToxfF :jtGqtf 5 . o;sf] cy{
of] xf] ls cfkm}nfO{ k"0f{tfsf ;fy a'‰g] lqmof . :jtGq
zAb To;sf/0f aGof] . o:tf] klg x'g ;S5 ls ltdL
lzlj/df cfpFbf sf]xL klN6/x]sf] 5, sf]xL ple/x]sf]
5, d k|jrg ul//x]sf] 5' / sf]xL abfd vfO/x]sf] 5 .
t/ ltdL k"0f{ Psfu|lrQ eP/ a;]sf 5f} eg] of] tGqsf]
t/Lsf xf] .
tGqdf t dflg; c3f]/L x'G5, /ftf cfFvf x'G5g\,
hF8o\ fxf x'G5, k~rdsf/ x'G5 eGg] ltd|f] dfg;df 5 eg]
of] lrGtg cfwf/xLg / lg/fwf/ 5 . tflGqs u|Gydf sxLF
klg oL s'/fx¿sf] pNn]v ePsf] kfOFb}g . d}n] 7f]s'jf
o;sf/0f u/]sf] xf] ls d}n] hlt tGqsf] cWoog u/]sf]
5', ;fob Tolt t k[YjLdf s;}n] u/]s} 5}g .
u' ? uf] / vgfykl5sf s] x L 9f] + u L / kfv08L
c1fgLx¿n] tGqsf] af/]df e|flGt km}nfP . pgLx¿ s]jn
dflg;x¿nfO{ 8/ qf; b]vfP/ k};f n'6\g rfxGy] . ha
;/n t/Lsfn] xft hf]8]/ s]xL ldn]g ta tL ;fw'x¿n]
t;f{pg z'? u/] . ;'nkmf lkpg z'? u/], o;sf] afgL
a:g uof] . ;'nkmf lkpgfn] sf]xL dxfg\ aG5 eg] ;'nkmf,
la8L, r'/f]6 lkpg]x¿ t xhf/f}F 5g\ . ltgLx¿ ;a}
pRrsf]l6sf tflGqs x'Gy] .
tGq ljz]if
uf]/If lglvn jf0fL, @)^^21r}q
dB+ df+;+ tyf dT:o+ d'b|f d}y'g d]j r
dsf/+ k+rju{:o ; tflGqs ej pRrt] .
tflGqs pxL x'g ;Sb5 h;n] k~rdsf/sf] k|of]u
ub{5 . pgLx¿n] Pp6f ´"6f] Znf]s agfP, Pp6f kl/kf6L
rnfP . pgLx¿sf cg';f/ tflGqs x'gsf nflu /S;L
lkpg' h?/L 5, df;' vfg' h?/L 5, df5f vfg' h?/L
5, k};f a6'n]/ dhf lng' h?/L 5, d}y'g / k/:qLudg
h?/L 5 .
h;n] k~rdsf/sf] ;fwgf u5{, pm tflGqs xf] eGg]
´"6f] kl/kf6L pgLx¿n] agfP . pgLx¿ ;'nkmf lkpFy] .
o;af6 cfFvf /ftf] x'GYof] . /S;Ln] dfltPsf] dflg;sf]
d'vaf6 ufnL t lg:sG5 g} ¤ pgLx¿sf] d'vaf6 ufnL
a]OHhtLsf zAb lg:sGy] . ufnL vfFbf klg ltdLx¿ eg]
xft hf]8]/ logLx¿nfO{ 7"nf] ;fw' dfGg yfNof} . pgLx¿
lrRofpFbf, ufnL ubf{ ltdLx¿ xft hf]8]/ pgLx¿sf
;fd' pleG5f} . pgLx¿ cx|fpF5g\— uP/ kmnfgf j:t'
lnP/ cfpm, Pp6f wf]tL lnP/ cfpm . >fk b]nf, 5f]/f–
a'xf/LnfO{ dfl/b]nf eGg] 8/n] ltdLx¿ pgLx¿n] eg]sf
j:t' NofP/ lbG5f} .
p;sf] csf]{ dfu p7\5— kfFr ;o ¿k}ofF klg
rflxof], xf]Og eg] ltd|f] ;j{gfz ul/lbG5' .
h;n] wf]tL dfu]/ nfpF5 pm s] tflGqs xf]nf, p;n]
c¿sf] s] sNof0f unf{ < h;df Pp6f wf]tL lsGg] Ifdtf
5}g p;n] ltd|f] s] sNof0f unf{ < h;df kfFr ;o ¿k}ofF
sdfpg] Ifdtf 5}g, h;n] ltdL;Fu eLv dflu/x]sf] 5,
pm s;/L ltd|f] u'? aGg ;Snf < s;/L tflGqs aGg
;Snf < o:tfx¿;Fu 8/fpg' cfjZos 5}g .
s'g} tflGqs ltd|f] ;fd' cfFvf h'wfP/ pleG5
eg] ltdL klg cfFv h'wfP/} p;sf] ;fd' plepm . Ps
;]s]08df pm ´'Sg]5 . ltdL;Fu cfFvf h'wfpg] ;fx;
o:tf tflGqsx¿df x'g} ;Sb}g lsgls ltdL d]/f lzio
xf} / d]/f lziox¿ cfkm}df clåtLo x'G5g\ .
oL kfv08Lx¿;Fu 8/fpg' h?/L 5}g, pgLx¿n]
s]xL klg xflg ug{ ;St}gg\ . xflg ug]{ Ifdtf pgLx¿df
5Fb}5}g . j/bfg lbg] Ifdtf klg pgLx¿df 5}g .
tGqsf] k4lt cs}{ 5 . k4lt t k|To]s ;Dk|bfosf
cnu cnu g} x'G5g\ . z}j k4lt cnu 5, j}i0fj k4lt
cnu 5, zfQm k4lt cnu 5, e}/j ;fwgf k4lt cnu
5 . k4ltsf] ¿k dfq leGg xf] . jf:tjdf t tGqsf]
d"n tŒj Ps} xf] .
a];gaf6 kRrL;eGbf a9L k|sf/sf ld7fO{ aGg
22
;S5g\ . oltsf w]/} k|sf/sf ld7fO{sf] d"n t a];g g}
xf] . j:t'x¿ cjZo} kRrL;yl/sf b]lvPnfg\ . d"n¿kdf
;a} Pp6} j:t' x'g\ . ltdL s'g} klg k4ltsf] ;xf/f lng
;S5f}— rfx] zfQm k4ltsf] ;fxf/f n]pm, rfx] j}i0fjsf] .
u[x:yn] klg tGq k4ltsf] ;xf/f lnG5g\ eg] s]xL bf]if
5}g . o;af6 p;nfO{ s]xL gf]S;fgL x'g ;Sb}g . a?
ltdLn] 7Ls t/Lsf gckgfpgfn] kmn ldNg g;Snf . d
s'g} b]jtfnfO{ af]nfpF5' eg] gcfpg' ;Dej 5 . t/ cfP/
d]/f] 3fF6L l5gfpg' ;Dej 5}g . tGq cfkm}df cfTdan
hfu|t ug]{ / :jtGq x'g] k4lt xf] . s]jn d axfb'/ 5'
eGgfn] dfq} ltdL axfb'/ x'g ;Sb}gf} . s]jn s'/faf6
dfq} ltd|f] axfb'/L l;4 x'Fb}g . Ifdtf, ;+sNkzlQm,
b[9tf, cg'xf/df cf]h, kf}?if, jIf:ynn] :jtM atfpg]5
ls ltdL db{ xf} . ltd|f] af]nLaf6 g} o; s'/fsf] cfef;
x'G5 ls ltdLdf Ifdtf 5— af]Ng] Ifdtf, ug]{ Ifdtf /
;+sNkzlQmsf] Ifdtf . tGq cfkm}df k"0f{ lgi7fsf ;fy,
tfutsf ;fy, ank"j{s sfo{ ug]{ lqmof xf] .
d}n] eg]sf] 5' ls hLjgdf cfÇgf] / c¿sf] efUolnlk
abNgsf nflu Pp6f Ifdtf rflxG5 . ltdL cfkm} ha
bl/nf] aG5f}, lxDdltnf] aG5f} eg] o:tf] ug{ ;S5f} . ltdL
;fwgfTds k4ltaf6 lxDdltnf] aGg ;S5f} .
s'g} Jofofd ugf{n] lxDdltnf] aGg ;lsGg . w]/}
Jofofd u/]/ sf]xL klg dxfg\ aGg ;Sb}g . ufdf eGg]
kxnjfg\ ef/tdf k|Voft lyP . pgn] ;}of}F s':tL n8] .
t/ j[4fj:yfdf pgsf] cj:yf o:tf] eof] ls pgL pleg
klg g;Sg] eP . pgnfO{ s'g} /f]u lyPg . s]jn z/L/df
tfut lyPg . Pslbg pgL Pp6f gfnLdf v;] / d/] .
dg'{sf] sf/0f of] lyof]— pgdf ;+sNkzlQm lyPg .
ha;Dd pgn] Jofofd ul//x] ta;Dd z/L/n] ;fy
lbO/Åof] . ha ;+sNkzlQm IfL0f eof], To;kl5 t Ps
rf}yfO{ b"w krfpg] Ifdtf klg pgdf /x]g . gfnLdf
v;]kl5 aflx/ lg:sg] lxDdt;Dd klg /x]g / pgL
ToxLF ;dfKt eP .
o;}n] b}jL ;xfotflagf dg'ion] cfkm"nufot csf{sf]
efUo lnlknfO{ abNg ;Sb}g . o:tf] b}jL ;xfotf,
b]jtfx¿sf] ;xfotf rfx] hubDaf xf]pmg\, rfx] e}/j
xf]pmg\, rfx] ejfgL xf]pmg\, rfx] iff]8zL xf]pmg\, rfx]
lqk'/f;'Gb/L xf]pmg\— k|fKt ug]{ k4lt tGqfTds klg 5
/ dGqfTds klg . t/ tGqsf] dfWodaf6 sfo{ x'G5 g},
Tof] km]l/ /f]lsGg, /f]lsg' ;Dej} 5}g . t/ o;sf nflu
ltdL Ifdtfjfg\ aGg' cfjZos 5, tfultnf] x'g' cfjZos
uf]/If lglvn jf0fL, @)^^ r}q
5 . sdhf]/ / sfo/x¿sf ;fy tGq rNg ;Sb}g /
sdhf]/ / sfo/x¿sf] kl/efiff ufdfsf] pbfx/0faf6
a'‰g ;lsG5 . w]/} df]6f] x'gfn] dfq} tfultnf] x'Fb}g .
ufGwL cToGt} b'Anf kftnf lyP, aofnL; lsnf]
tf}nsf lyP . pgn] s/f]8f}F dflg;nfO{ cfkm"lt/ lvFRg
;s] . c+u|]hx¿nfO{ xfFs lbP/ pgLx¿nfO{ x/fP . pgL
x8\8Lx¿sf Pp6f 9fFrf dfq lyP . lagf n7\7L lxF8\g
;Sb}gy] . t/ pgdf ;+sNkzlQm b[9 lyof] . cf:yfjfg\
lyP pgL . pgL r]tgfjfg\ lyP .
xfdLn] rfx] tGq ;fwgf u/f}F, rfx] dGq ;fwgf,
lu8lu8fP/ u/f}F, jf xft hf]8]/ u/f}F t/ b[9tf /
;+sNkzlQmsf ;fy ug'{k5{ .
ltdLn] oh'j]{bsf dGqx¿nfO{ zfob k9]gf} xf]nf .
k9]/ klg cy{ a'´]gf} xf]nf . oh'j]{bdf s'g} dxfg\ 36gf
n's]sf] 5}g . s'g} o:tf] cfZro{ xf]Og oh'j]{b, cyj{j]b
/ CUj]b . ltgLx¿df elgPsf] 5— x] OGb| ¤ ltdLn] d]/f]
v]tdf jiff{ u/ h;af6 wfg w]/} kmNg ;sf];\ .
pgLx¿n] b]jtfx¿nfO{ ofrgf u/]— x] clUgb]j ¤
ltdLn] d]/f] o:tf] sfo{ ul/b]pm . x] od ¤ ltdLn] dnfO{
d[To'af6 arfpm . cfo{x¿n] klg tL b]jtfx¿sf] ;xfotf
lnP . h'g zAbx¿af6 pgLx¿;Fu ofrgf u/] To;nfO{
dGq elgG5 .
ltd|f] vNtLdf olb kfFr xhf/ ¿k}ofF 5 eg] kfFr
¿k}ofF ltd|f] nflu s]xL xf]Og . kfFr ¿k}ofF t ltd|f] nflu
w]/} ;fgf] x'G5 . levf/L lu8lu8fpFb} cfP/ xft hf]8]/
ltdLnfO{ …xh"/ w]/} bofn' x'g'x'G5, bfgL x'g'x'G5, d tLg
lbgb]lv ef]sf] 5', d]/f] aRrf klg la/fdL 5, dnfO{ kfFr
tGq ljz]if
¿k}ofF lbg'xf];\ .’
of] h?/L 5}g ls ltdLn] kfFr ¿k}ofF lbg]5f} . p;sf]
nflu kfFr ¿k}ofF clt cfjZos 5 lsgls p;nfO{
k]6 eg'{5 . p;sf] hLjgsf] of] cefj xf] . x'g ;S5,
lu8lu8fpFbf klg ltdLn] p;nfO{ kfFr ¿k}ofF lbFb}gf} .
t/ p;n] ltdLnfO{ 5f]8\b} 5f]8]g eg] rflxF ltdLn] kSs}
lbg]5f} .
bf];|f] o:tf] t/Lsf tGq xf] . tGqsf] cy{ xf]—
b]jtfx¿nfO{ afWo ug'{, ljjz kfg{' tfls ltd|f OR5f
k"0f{ u¿g\, h'g ltdLn] dfUof} Tof] b]pmg\ . t/ unt
j:t'sf nflu ltdLn] b]jtfx¿nfO{ afWo kfg{ ;Sb}gf} .
u5f}{ eg] klg s]xL kl/0ffd ltdLnfO{ k|fKt x'g]5}g . t/
;xL p2]Zosf nflu tGqsf] k|of]u ul/G5 eg] lgZro g}
k|efj k5{ . o;df b'O{dt 5}g .
cfhef]ln tGq clt cfjZos 5 . lsg 5 < lsgls
cfhsf] o'udf ;fwsn] b}lgs b; 306f a;]/ dGq hk
/ ;fwgf ug{ ;Sb}g . hLjgdf bf}8fbf}8 5 . o;sf/0f
dflg;n] ;a} s'/f 5f]8/] nfdf] ;fwgf ug{ ;Sb}g . tGqdf
s'g} o:tf] pkfo 5 h;sf] dfWodaf6 ;Dk"0f{ hLjgnfO{
cfgGbbfos agfpg ;lsof];\ .
o;sf nflu tGq dxf0f{jdf atfOPsf] 5— kfFrj6f
o:tf k|of]u 5g\ h;sf] dfWodaf6 hLjgdf k"0f{tf k|fKt
ug{ ;lsG5 . klxnf] xf]— ;Ddf]xg k|of]u . ;Ddf]xgsf]
cy{ xf]— s;}nfO{ klg cfÇgf] cg's"n agfpg ;Sg' .
xflsd eP klg, /ftf/ftf cfFvf agfP/ a;]sf] eP klg
ltdL;Fu cfFvf h'wfP/ ltd|f] ;fd' pleg p;n] ;Sb}g .
of] ;Dej} 5}g .
;Ddf]xgsf] tfTko{ xf]— s;}nfO{ cfÇgf] cg's"n
agfpg' . s;}nfO{ cg's"n agfpg] lqmofnfO{ ;Ddf]xg
elgG5 .
jzLs/0f xf]— s;}nfO{ cfÇgf] jzdf ug]{ lqmof .
;a}nfO{ jzLs/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . rfx] b]jtf xf]pmg\ jf
hubDaf g} lsg gxf]pmg\, xfdLn] pgLx¿nfO{ klg jzdf
ug]{ lqmof ug'{5 . pgLx¿nfO{ klg cg's"n agfpg'5 .
olb xfdLdf ;+sNkzlQm 5 eg] pgLx¿nfO{ xfd|f] ;fd'
cfpg'kg]{ x'G5 . pgLx¿ b]jtf x'g\, s'g} cfZro{hgs
rLh xf]Og . olb pgLx¿ b]jtf x'g\ eg] xfdLx¿ dg'io
xf}F . pgLx¿sf] of]lg cnu 5, xfd|f] of]lg cnu 5 . s'/f
olQ dfq} xf] .
pgL;Fu xhf/ ¿k}ofF 5, xfdL;Fu kfFr ¿k}ofF klg
5}g . xhf/ ¿k}ofFaf6 kfFr ¿k}ofF lbFbf pgnfO{ s'g}
23
km/s kg]{ 5}g . t/ xfdLnfO{ kfFr ¿k}ofFsf] cfjZostf
5 . olb b]jtfx¿nfO{ jzLs/0f u/]/ w]/} k|fKt ug{
;lsG5 eg] zq'x¿nfO{ klg jzLs/0f ug{ ;lsG5, s'g}
GofofwLznfO{ klg ug{ ;lsG5, jsLnnfO{ ug{ ;lsG5,
k|]dLnfO{ ug{ ;lsG5, k|]ldsfnfO{ ug{ ;lsG5 / u'?nfO{
klg ug{ ;lsG5 .
jzLs/0fsf] tfTko{ xf] ls xfdLn] k| l ts" n
kl/l:yltx¿nfO{ cfÇgf] jzdf ug{ ;sf}F . hLjgdf t
k|lts"n kl/l:yltx¿ cfpF5g\ g} . o;}n] tflGqsx¿n]
kl/l:yltx¿nfO{ cfÇgf] jzdf /fVg jzLs/0fsf]
k|of]u u/] . t/ s;}nfO{ Joy}{ ;tfpg] jf s;}nfO{ xfgL
k'¥ofpgsf nflu o;sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsGg . ;Dej g}
5}g . cfÇgf] lxtsf nflu t ug{ ;lsG5, t/ cfÇgf] lxtn]
s;}sf] gf]S;fg x'G5 eg] of] k|of]u kmnbfoL x'Fb}g .
csf]{ k|of]u xf]— pRrf6g . o;sf] cy{ xf]— Ps
JolQm / csf]{ JolQmaLr l8km/]+; pTkGg ug'{, n8fO{F
u/fpg', dte]b u/fpg' .
ltdL eGnfp— xfdL o;f] lsg u/f}F, u'?b]j < o:tf]
xfdLnfO{ lsg l;sfO/xg'ePsf] 5 <
t/ sf]xL ltd|f glhs v's/' L lnP/ cfpF5 eg] pml;t
lu8lu8fpgfn] p;n] 5f]8\nf < of] Pp6f gLlt xf] . rfx]
o;nfO{ ltdL /fhgLlt eg, rfx] s"6gLlt . o; l8km/]+;
pTkGg u/fpg] lqmof jf dte]b pTkg ug]{ lqmofnfO{
ljå]if0f klg elgG5 .
csf]{ xf] df]xg . o;sf] cy{ xf]— ;a}nfO{ df]lxt ug]{
lqmof, ;Dk"0f{ eL8nfO{— PshgfnfO{ xf]Og . Pp6f k"/f
;d"xnfO{ cfÇgf] cg's"n agfpg] lqmof df]xg xf] .
tGqsf] kfFrf}F k|of]u df/0f xf] . olb s'g} pkfo g}
ar]g eg] df/0f k|of]u klg ug{ ;lsG5 . t/ df/0fsf]
k|of]u 5'/L 3f]k]/ dfg'{ xf]Og . ;fw'x¿n] cfÇgf] qmf]wsf
nflu df/0f k|of]u ub{5g\, tGqåf/f nf]esf] df/0f ub{5g\ .
of] klg df/0f xf] . zq'x¿nfO{ kbblnt ug'{ klg df/0f
xf] . zq'db{g lqmof klg df/0f xf] . oxfF df/0fsf] cy{ d[To'
xf]Og . df/0fsf] cy{ xf]— kbblnt x'g', k/flht x'g' .
oL kfFr} k|of]u xfd|f] hLjgsf nflu, xfd|f] ef}lts
hLjgsf nflu cfjZos tŒj x'g\ h;sf] dfWodaf6
xfdLn] hLjgnfO{ Hofbf ;'vL, Hofbf ;'vdo agfpg
;S5f}F . ha;Dd hLjg ;'vdo aGb}g ta;Dd tgfj
/xG5, ta;Dd ;fwgf ug{ ;lsGg, cfWoflTds w/ftndf
pleg ;lsGg .
o;}n] pRr ;fwgfx¿sf] k[i7e"ldsf nflu o;sf]
24
k|of]u ug'{kb{5 . ltd|f] hLjgdf olb snx 5 eg], eo
5 eg], tgfj 5 eg] ltdL ;fwgfx¿df Psfu| x'g
;Sb}gf} .
ltdLn] ;f]Wg ;S5f} ls ljå]if0fh:tf] tŒj lsg
cfjZos 5 < dfgf}F, ltd|L 5f]/L s;};Fu k|]d ug{ nfuL .
o;af6 ltdL w]/} lrlGtt eof} / w]/} abgfdL dx;';
ul//x]5f} . ca s] ug]{ eg]/ pkfo ;'l´/x]sf] 5}g .
;D´fpFbf pgL ;lD´Gg . ltdL hlt ;D´fpF5f}, plt g}
pm lh2L ug{ yfN5] . ltdL xft hf]8\5f}, a'´fpF5f}, OHht
hfg] 8/ b]vfpF5f} eg] klg s]xL lbgkl5 pm 3/af6 efUg
;S5] . ltdL s] u5f}{ <
ltdLnfO{ Tof] s]6f 7Ls 5}g / ltd|L 5f]/Lsf] eljio
ajf{b x'g] ef] eGg] olb nfUg yfNof] eg] ljå]if0fåf/f
pgLx¿aLr dte]b ug{ ;S5f} . cfÇgL 5f]/Låf/f
ltdLnfO{ yfxf x'g cfof] ls ca p;sf] hLjg ;'/lIft
5}g eGg] cj:yfdf dfq o:tf] ug{ ;lsG5 . s]6Lsf]
Tolt ;fx|f] ljj]s gePsf] / /fd|f] g/fd|f]sf] 1fgsf]
cefjsf] cj:yfdf of] k|of]u cfkm}df ljj]sk"0f{ ;fwg
aGg ;S5 .
o:tf] 36gf t ;a}sf] hLjgdf 3l6/x]sf] kfOG5 .
sf]xL zq'x¿af6 kLl8t 5g\, s'g} zq' O{iof{jz ltd|f]
;Tofgz ug{ tlD;/x]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿sf cufl8 ltdL
c;xfo cg'ej ul//x]sf 5f} eg] ljå]if0fåf/f pgLx¿sf
aLr dte]b pTkGg u/]/ pgLx¿nfO{ sdhf]/ ug{ ;lsG5
jf df/0fåf/f pgLx¿nfO{ k/flht ug{ ;lsG5 .
JolQmnfO{ dfq xf]Og, la/fdLsf] klg ljå]if0f ug{
;lsG5, x6fpg ;lsG5 . of] ljå]if0f Pp6f lqmof aGg
;S5 /f]u / /f]uLdf ljR5]b ug{ .
hLjgdf b}lgs¿kdf pkof]uL k|of]ux¿ x'g\ oL .
tGqdf pRrsf]l6sf ;}s8f}F k|of]u 5g\, ci6fbz l;l4 k|of]u
klg 5g\ . tL c7\7f/ l;l4x¿sf] k|of]unfO{ k|fKt ug{sf
nflu cufl8 cfpm / dnfO{ 5 dlxgfsf] ;do b]pm, d;Fu}
a; . d}n] l;l4 lbg ;lsg eg] u'? x'g' g} Joy{ 5 .
ltdL dnfO{ ;do t b]pm, cufl8 t a9 . ha d}n]
ltdLnfO{ af]nfPF eg] /f]lsg] cfjZostf 5}g . s]jn zf:q
k9\gfn] dfq s]xL x'g]jfnf 5}g .
tGq k|of]u l;4 ug{sf] nflu ;fdu|L klg cfjZos
x'G5 . af]Ngsf nflu dfOssf] cfjZostf eP h:t},
o'4 ug'{kbf{ t/jf/, lk:tf]n rflxg] x'G5 . lagf;fdu|L
;fwgfsf] o'4nfO{ klg lhTg ;lsGg, ;kmntf k|fKt
ug{ ;lsGg . ;+sNkzlQm t o;df rflxG5 g}} . u'?sf]
uf]/If lglvn jf0fL, @)^^ r}q
dfu{bz{g klg h?/L x'G5 . ;fy;fy} ;fwgf ;fdu|L klg
TolQs} h?/L x'G5 . logLx¿ ;a}sf] Joj:yf ePdf
ltdLn] ;kmntf k|fKt ug]{5f} . Pp6f s'/f bf]xf]¥ofpg
rfxG5'— O{iof{jz jf s;}nfO{ lagfsf/0f xflg k'¥ofpg]
jf gf]S;fg k'¥ofpg] k|of]u eg] gu/ . ltd|f] lrGtg :j:y
xf];\, sxLF st} dnLgtf gxf];\ . unt p2]Zon] ul/Psf]
k|of]u ;kmn x'g' ;Dej 5}g .
;dfhdf tGqsf] ljifodf cg]sf}F e|flGtx¿ 5g\ .
e|flGtx¿ o;}n] 5g\ ls s;}nfO{ 1fg g} 5}g jf cw"/f]
1fg 5 cyjf unt wf/0ff 5 . tGqåf/f s;}sf] csf/0f
clxt ug{ ;lsGg . :jfy{jz, nf]ejz tGqsf] k|of]u ug{
;lsGg . s]xL 9f]+uL, kfv08L :jfy{jz jf nf]ejz s]xL
ub{5 eg] klg Tof] tGq x'g ;Sb}g . c¿ t x'g ;S5 t/
Tof] tGq eg] x'g ;Sb}g lsgls tGqsf] cfwf/ b}jLzlQm
xf] / o;sf] k|of]u unt sfo{sf nflu ug{} ;lsGg .
cGo s}of}F e|flGtx¿ klg gePsf xf]Ogg\ . b]jLnfO{
af]sf r9fpg'k5{ eGg] Pp6f e|flGt xf] . o;sf] pNn]v
s'g} zf:qdf klg cfPsf] kfOGg . hxfF kfv08 5,
ToxfF s]jn kl08tx¿sf] vfg] lqmof dfq 5 . s'g
tGqdf n]lvPsf] 5 ls b]jLsf nflu af]sf sf6\g'k5{
eg]/ < tGqdf s'g} 3l6ofkg 5}g . tGqdf t >]i7tf
5, ;flTjstf 5, pRrtf 5, ;kmntf 5 . kfv08L /
9f]+uL, efª lkpg] s}of}F ldNg ;S5 t/ To;af6 s] k|flKt
x'G5 < o:tfnfO{ t Ps yKk8 lxsf{pFbfv]l/ p;sf] ;f/f
tGq tn ´b{5 . ltd|f] sxLF st} clxt x'g ;Sb}g . of]
s'/f t Uof/]06Lsf ;fy n]v]/ lbg ;S5' .
oL ;fdfGo k|of]u x'g\ / ltdLx¿nfO{ logLx¿sf]
af/]df atfpg'df d]/f] clek|fo of] xf] ls ltdLx¿n]
cfÇgf] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu kl08tx¿ sxfF hfg
gk/f];\, st} cGt hfg gk/f];\ . pgLx¿nfO{ ;o krf;
lbP/ ltdLx¿sf] sfd aGb}g . hubDaf / b]jLb]jtfx¿sf]
;fd' xft hf]8]/ sfd rNg]jfnf 5}g . ltdL :jo+ o:tf]
k|of]u u'?l;t k|fKt u/]/ cfÇgf] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{
;S5f} . ltdLleqsf] k|sfznfO{ ltd|f] Xbodf b]vfpg d
rfxG5' o; 1fgåf/f . o;åf/f ltdLn] cfÇgf] ef}lts
;d:ofx¿nfO{ klg ;dfwfg u/ / cfWoflTds hLjgsf
;d:ofx¿nfO{ klg x6fpm . ef}lts hLjgsf ;d:ofx¿
x6]df dfq cfWoflTds hLjgdf pRrtf k|fKt ug{
;lsG5 . oL ;a} lqmofx¿ ef}lts hLjgsf ;d:ofx¿nfO{
;dfwfg ug]{ cr"s k|of]ux¿ x'g\ . oL kfFr} k|of]u / o;sf]
dGq ltdLn] cfÇgf u'?;Fu k|fKt ug{ ;S5f} / ef}lts
tGq ljz]if
hLjgsf ;a} ;d:ofx¿nfO{ b"/ ug{ ;Sb5f} .
t/ of] t tGq k|of]u xf] . tGqsf] Pp6f ljz]if k|lqmof
x'G5 . dGq ;fwgfdf ;a} rNb5 t/ tGqdf rNb}g .
Pp6f ;fgf] aRrf cfP/ d]/f] sfvdf a;L lk;fa ub{5
eg] d p;nfO{ ´fk8 t xfGg ;lSbg . p;nfO{ 1fg g}
5}g, ;fgf] aRrf 5 . t/ aL; jif{sf] hjfgn] o;f] ub{5
eg] d ´fk8 xfG5' .
ha ltdLnfO{ k"0f{¿kdf tGqdf hfg'5 eg] ljz]if
k|lqmof t ckgfpg} k5{ . ltdLn] Ifdtfjfg\ x'g'k5{ . olb
tGqdf n]vs
] f] 5 ls /fltsf] ;do pko'Qm 5 eg] /fltsf]
;dodf g} u/ . h'g ;fdu|Lsf] cfjZostf 5, To;}sf]
k|of]u u/ . ;Ddf]xgdf cnUu} dfnfsf] k|of]u ug'{kb{5,
jzLs/0fdf a]Un} dfnfsf] k|of]u ug'{kb{5 . h] atfOPsf]
5 ToxL dfnfsf] g} k|of]u ug'{kb{5 . t/ ;+;f/df ;j{>]i7
/ clåtLo dfnf kf/b dfnf atfOPsf] 5 . ;fdfGo¿kdf
o:tf] dfnf agfpg ;lsGg . o;}k|sf/ eujfg\ lzjnfO{
k|;Gg kfg{ ?b|fIf dfnf ;j{>]i7 5 lsgls eujfg\
lzjl;t ?b|fIfsf] ;Lwf ;DaGw 5 . kf/bsf] cy{ g} xf]
;Ddf]xg / jzLs/0f . pRrsf]l6sf] r]tgfo'Qm aGg]
lqmof . of] eujfg\ lzjsf] k"0f{ ;Tj xf], jLo{ xf], k"/f
z/L/sf] lgrf]8 xf] . o;}n] kf/bnfO{ 7f]; u/]/ To;
kf/bsf] dfnf agfof}F eg] Tof] ;j{>]i7 l;l4bfos l;4
25
x'G5 . c¿ dfnfn] l;l4 k|fKt gx'g] eGg] xf]Og . t/ kf/b
dfnf cfkm}df clåtLo 5 . of] Pp6f b'n{e j:t' xf] h'g
;fdfGo¿kdf k|fKt x'g ;Sb}g . kf/b dfnfnfO{ nfpFb}df
g} ;Ddf]xgsf] lqmof k|f/De x'g hfG5 . cfkm}df ;Ddf]lxt
x'g] lqmof, cfkm}df kf}?iftfo'Qm x'g] lqmof, ;f}Gbo{o'Qm aGg]
lqmof xf] of] . kf/b ;'gsf] k|lt¿k xf] . ;'g t w]/} ;fgf]
¿k xf] To;sf], kf/b t kf/;sf] ¿k xf] . pRrsf]l6sf
of]uL, pRrsf]l6sf ;fw', pRrsf]l6sf JolQmn] kf/b dfnf
pkof]u ub{5g\ . s;};Fu e]6\g hfFbf of] dfnf klx/]/ uOof]
eg] o:tf] x'g} ;Sb}g ls To; dflg;n] ltd|f] s'/f gdfgf];\ .
of] ;Dej g} 5}g . kf/b dfnfnfO{ nufpgfn] z/L/sf] cf]h
/ an cToGt} ljsl;t x'G5 .
tGqsf] If]qdf hlt nfU5f}, Tolt g} gofF 1fg k|fKt
x'G5 . d}n] tGqsf kfFr clåtLo k|of]u atfPF . t/ e'n]/
klg To;sf] b'¿kof]u gu/ . xfd|f] p2]Zo s;}nfO{ b'MvL
agfpg' xf]Og, g t s;}n] xfd|f] ckdfg u/f];\ eGg] xfd|f]
rfxgf xf] . xfdL o:tf] ;fw' JolQmTj aGg ;Sb}gf}, xfdLnfO{
a'4 aGg] cfjZostf 5}g ls xfdL s;}sf] ufnL ;xFb} a;f}F .
xfdL o:tf] sfo/ 5}gf}F . sfo/tf / ckdfgeGbf t d[To'
>]i7 5 . hLjg t o:tf] x'g'kb{5 k|sfzjfg\, Ifdtfjfg\ ¤
oL ;a} oL ;fwgfx¿af6 k|fKt x'G5g\ . d cfÇgf] hLjgsf
cg'ejx¿nfO{ atfpFb}5' . o;}n] d]/f]] s'/fdf k|fdfl0fstf /
26
;Totf 5 .
oL kfFr k|of]u d"ntM b'uf{;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ . b'uf{
cfkm}df tflGqs zlQm xf] . b'uf{;KtztL k"0f{¿kdf tflGqs
u|Gy xf] . o;sf] klxnf] Znf]sb]lv lnP/ clGtd Znf]s k"/f
tGqdf cfwfl/t 5 .
of] df+ holt ;+u|fd], of] d] bk{===
of] d]=== ;do etf{ eljiolt
b'uf{ :jo+ pleP/ eGbl5g\ ls h'g tGqsf] lqmof 5,
h'g tGqsf] k4lt 5, To;åf/f g} dnfO{ hfGg ;lsG5 .
hf] tflGqs xf] p;n] dnfO{ hfGg ;Sb5 . hf] :jo+ alni7
5, p;n] dnfO{ hfGg ;Sb5, sfo/n] xf]Og . hf] tflGqs
xf], lgi7fjfg\ 5, 1fgjfg\ 5, u'?jfg\ 5, h;leq r]tgf 5,
h;leq k|sfz 5, p;n] dfq eujtL hubDafnfO{ jzLs/0f
ug{ ;Sb5, ;fd' ;fIfft\ pkl:yt klg ug{ ;Sb5 / cfÇgf]
cg's"n ug]{ lqmof klg ug{ ;Sb5 .
b'uf{;KtztLsf] kf7 ugf{n] dfq s]xL x'g] jfnf 5}g .
;of}F kl08tx¿n] kf7 u/]sf 5g\ . kfFr;o jif{b]lv kf7
x'Fb} cfO/x]sf] 5, pgLx¿nfO{ k"/f s07:y 5 . o;af6 s]
x'G5 <
To;nfO{ a'‰g] lqmof x'g'kb{5 . b'uf{;KtztLsf] PsPs
Znf]sdf s] JofVof 5, cy{ s] xf], s:tf] lrGtg xf], of]
hfGg' cfjZos 5 .
h'g kfFr k|of]u d}n] atfPF, oL ;fdfGo k|of]u xf]Ogg\ . oL
t cToGt} ax'dN\" o / pkof]uL 5g\ . hxfF lsnfsf] cfjZostf
x'G5, ToxfF lsnfsf] g} sfd cfpF5 . ltdL rfx] hlt;'s}
s/f]8klt g} lsg gxf]pm, t/jf/df n'uf ´'08\ofpFb}gf} .
o;sf nflu t lsnfs} cfjZostf kb{5 . o'4sf] If]qdf
lsnfn] sfd rNb}g . ToxfF t t/jf/ g} af]Sg'kb{5 . To;}n]
s'g} klg 1fgsf] k|of]u xfdL cfÇgf] ljj]sn] u/f}F . :jfy{jz,
nfnrjz, k|lt:kwf{ jf O{iof{jz xfdLn] s;}sf] klg clxt
gu/f}F / s;}åf/f xfd|f] clxt klg x'g glbcf}F . b'j} s'/fnfO{
d}n] ;fy;fy} hf]l8/x]sf] 5' . s;}n] xfdLl;t cfFvf h'wfP/
s'/f gu/f];\ . olb xfdL dGq l;4 5f}F, xfdL;Fu l;l4 5,
xfdLl;t Ifdtf 5 eg] af]Ng] Ifdtf klg x'G5 xfdLdf . rfx]
pgLx¿ xflsd xf]pmg\ jf pRrflwsf/L cyjf ;dfhsf
hf];'s} lsg gx"g\ . xfdLeGbf pRr c¿ sf]xL x'g ;Sb}g
olb xfdLn] cfÇgf] k|sfzdf :jo+nfO{ x]g]{ lqmof ub{5f}F eg] .
ltd|f] k|sfz pTkGg x'G5 eg] ltdLn] dnfO{ klg lrGg]5f},
:jo+nfO{ klg lrGg]5f}, u'?nfO{ klg lrGg]5f}, cfÇgf] 1fgnfO{
lrGg]5f}, cfÇgf] r]tgfnfO{ lrGg]5f} .
d}n] atfPsf kfFr k|of]usf dGq b'uf{;KtztLdf klg
uf]/If lglvn jf0fL, @)^^ r}q
n's]/ a;]sf 5g\ . k"/f zf:qdf vf]h]df klg of] dGq st}
kfOg] 5}g t/ d eGb}5' ls dGq To;} u|Gydf 5 . ltdL kf7
ub}{ a:5f} / klxnf] cWofo a'‰g gkfpFb} bf];|f] cWofo z'?
u5f}{ . o;/L kf7 ub}{df s] x'G5 < lar/L b'uf{n] s] u?g\ <
kl08t ltd|f] 3/df cfP/ kf7 u/]/ hfG5, b'uf{ hxfF plePsL
l5g\, ToxLF l5g\ . k};f lnP/ ;fF´ kl08t kms{G5 . s]xL
ePg . ho b'uf{ dftf eg]/ cf/tL ub}{ /xgfn] dfq s]xL
x'Fb}g, lbgx'F l3psf] bLof] afNb}df dfq s]xL x'g]jfnf 5}g .
t/ ltdLn] ;fwgf u5f}{ eg] b'uf{nfO{ ;fIfft\ cfpg}kg]{
x'G5 . of] o:tf] dGq xf] . of] b'uf{;KtztLsf] dGq xf] .
b'uf{;KtztLdf :ki6¿kdf n]lvPsf] 5 ls ha;Dd oL kfFr}
k|of]unfO{ l;4 ul/Fb}g ta;Dd l;4 k'?if klg aGg ;lsGg .
l;4 k'?if aGgsf nflu, hLjgnfO{ cg'sn" agfpgfsf nflu,
hLjgnfO{ ;'vdo agfpgfsf nflu cfjZostf 5 oL kfFr}
k|of]unfO{ l;4 u/]/ ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ .
ef}lts hLjgsf afwfx¿dfly ljho k|fKt ug{sf
oL k|of]ux¿nfO{ l;4 u/f}F . hLjgdf lgw{gtf, b}GotfnfO{
d]6\gsf nflu nIdL ;fwgf klg plQs} h?/L 5 . nIdL
;fwgf klg tGq If]qsf] cleGg cË xf] . kfFr k|of]u hlt
cfjZos 5g\, plQs} nIdL k|of]u klg cfjZos 5 . tGqsf]
dfWodaf6 oL pRrtd k|of]u x'g\, ToxLF tflGqs ljlwaf6
pRrsf]l6sf] nIdL ;fwgf klg 5 . nIdL ;fwgfaf6 wgjfg\
agf}F t/ wgk|lt cgf;Qm /xf}F . cgf;Qm /xg ;lsof] eg]
tgfj /xg} ;Sb}g . o;eGbf klg 7"nf] s'/f wgsf] ;xL
;b'kof]u xf];\ . k"0f{ P]Zjo{, h;nfO{ ;x:q nIdL P]Zjo{
elgG5, ci6nIdL elgG5— wgwfGo, w/f, sLlt{, cfo',
oz, hLjg, sLlt{ xf];\, ;Ddfg xf];\, k'q xf];\, kf}q xf];\,
3/df zflGt xf];\, ;'v ;f}efUo xf];\, P]Zjo{ xf];\, oL ;a}
ldn]/ h] aGb5 To;nfO{ nIdL elgG5 . sfuhsf] gf]6nfO{
nIdL elgFb}g . b'uf{;KtztLdf Pp6f clåtLo nIdL ;fwgf
lbOPsf] 5 h;sf] dfWodaf6 oL ;a} k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 /
k|fdfl0fstfsf ;fy k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 .
h;/L kf/b lzjlnË ;+;f/sf] clåtLo lju|x xf], To;/L
kf/b nIdL klg clåtLo 5 . To;sf] 3/df :yfkgf cfpg]
lkF9Lsf nflu ;f}efUosf] lrÅg x'g]5 . 5 dlxgfleqdf
o; kf/b nIdLsf] dfWodaf6 Pp6f kl/jt{g cfpg]5 .
clåtLo kl/jt{g— ;DkGgtfdf, >]i7tfdf / pRrtfdf .
o:tf] ltd|f] hLjgdf xf];\ d oxL sfdgf ub{5' . kf/b nIdL
slt clåtLo lju|x xf], k"0f{ dGqZr]tgfo'Qm 5 eg]/ :jo+
cg'ej ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf] ;fydf Tof] nIdL dGq xf];\
h'g b'uf{;KtztLsf] d"nfwf/ xf] .
tGq ljz]if
cyf] df+ k"j{ j}lr+To+, ;f nIdL jbt} pRrt] .
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u'?;Fu tGqdf cfwfl/t oL ;a} k|of]u k|fKt ug{ ;s, o:tf]
ltd|f] ;f}efUo /xf];\ / ltdL k"0f{ ef}lts pRrtf / >]i7tf
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cfzLjf{b lbG5', sNof0f sfdgf ub{5' .
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The Spiritual Voice
Monthly Web Magazine
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åfk/o'udf sfnf] /·sf] kx]Fnf] j:q wf/0f ug]{, cfo'wx¿
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k'?if j]b / jf;'b]j, lzjz°/, ;lRrbfgGb, ;j{Jofks,
ktLt kfjg cflb gfdsf] hk ub{5g\ . slno'udf Zofd
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eujfg\nfO{ O{Zj/, uf]/If, dfwj, lje', ;j{1 cflb gfdn]
hk ub{5g\ .
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29
zflGt k|flKt x'G5 / hLjg hGd–d[To'sf] rqmJo"xaf6
5'65\ . /fhf lgdL ¤ cGo o'udf h:t} slno'udf uf]/If]Zj/
k|e' k/d]Zj/ x'gx' G' 5, ToxfF xfdL klg hGd lnP/ pxfFsf]
eQm sxnfpg]5fF} . x] /fhg\ ¤ slno'usf] s'g} b]zdf,
ljz]if u/L b|lj8 b]zdf, eujfg\sf eQmn] hGd lnG5g\ .
hxfF gfd|kl0f{, s[tdfn, kolZjgL, sfj]/L Pj+ dxfgbLaf6
lg:s]sf gbLx¿ x'G5g\, ToxL b|lj8 b]z xf] . hf] k'?if ltg}
gbLx¿sf] hn lkpF5g\, pgLx¿ cjZo eQm x'g]5g\ . x]
/fhg\ lgdL ¤ hf] k'?if b]j, lkt[, Clif, u'? x'g\, pgLx¿
klg olb eujfg\sf] z/0f hfG5g\ eg] ;a} C0faf6 d'Qm
x'g]5g\ . elQmdf oxL ;fdYo{ 5, ;a} C0f k"/f x'G5 .
e"njz olb eQmaf6 s'g} kfk eP klg eujfg\n] Ifdf
ul/lbG5g\, p;n] k|folZrt ul//xg kb}{g .’
o;k|sf/ gjof]u]Zj/sf d'vaf6 eujfg\sf wd{
cflbsf] af/]df ;'gL /fhf lgdL cToGt k|;Gg eP /
iff]8zf]krf/ ljlwaf6 gjgfysf] k"hf u/] . tTkZrft\
gjgfy l;4 of]u]Zj/ cGtwf{g x'g'eof] . pxfFx¿n]
atfpg'ePsf] wd{sf] kfngf ub}{ /fhf lgdLn] cfÇgf
s'6'Da;lxt k/d ult k|fKt u/] . Clifd'lgx¿n] o:tf]
b]vL cfZro{ dfGb} cToGt k|;Gg eO{ o:tf] ;T;· t
hLjgdf PsIf0fsf] nflu dfq} klg k|fKt eof] eg]
cg]sf}F kfk e:d x'G5g\ egL ;T;·sf] dxŒjnfO{ k|sfz
kfg'{eof] .
gjgfy :tf]qd\
gjgfyx¿sf] s[kf, cfzLjf{b ;xh / ;/n¿kaf6
k|fKt ug{sf] nflu gjgfy :tf]q cfkm}df lbJo :tf]q
dflgG5 . gf}j6} gfyx¿sf] s[kf, cfzLjf{b Ps}k6s
k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] o; :tf]qnfO{ b'n{e :tf]qsf] ¿kdf lng]
ul/G5 . k|To]s gjgfyx¿sf] nflu s]xL ug{ ;lsPg eg]
klg o; :tf]qsf] kf7 u/]/ dflg;x¿n] pxfFx¿sf] s[kf,
cfzLjf{b k|fKt ug{ ;Sb5g\ . ;fdfGo JolQmx¿nfO{ b'ne{
dflgg] ‘gjgfy:qf]qd\Ú cy{;lxt rrf{ ul/Psf] 5—
cfb]zj:t'ljifoM ;'/l;4nIof]
oZr}sgfy Ox ;Ggjd"lt{-k"lt{M .
;jf]{kl/ k|ltkn+ jl/jlt{ s'j]{
sfo]g t:o dg;f jr;f k|0ffdd\ .
hf] cfb]z j:t'sf] ljifo 5, Tof] ;'/, g/, l;4x¿sf]
nIo xf] / Ps dfq gfy a|Åd eP/ gjgfysf]
gjd"lt{x¿sf] k"lt{ ePsf] 5 .
Psf]›x+ ax' :of+ k|hfo]o, o:tf] OR5f zlQmaf6
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30
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cfb]zsf] ¿kdf gdg ub{5' .
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tŒj+ ljd'Qmo ptfs[t of]uzf:q–
dfb]z Pt' dd tq o clbgfyM ..
tŒjn] jl~rt, df]xfGwsf/af6 ljrlnt dg
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u'? k/Dk/faf6 tŒjsf] pkb]z lbgsf] nflu of]uzf:q
agfpg] cflbgfy eujfg\nfO{ d]/f] ç gdf] cfb]zsf]
k|0ffd af/Daf/ k'uf];\ .
of]Åoflbgfy pt /f3jdT:hGdf
dT:o]Gb|gfy Olt of]usef]uj[lQM .
lj:dfkoGglvnl;4;'/f+Zr hft
cfb]z Pt' dd tq kljqd"tf}{ ..
eujfg\ cflbgfy g} :jo+ /f3j dT:oaf6 hGdg'ePsf]
xf] . pxfF g} clvn l;4 Pj+ b]j, bfgj, dfgjnfO{ ljl:dt
ub}{ of]u / ef]uj[lQ x'g'eof] . o:tf kljq k"lt{ clåtLo
JolQmTjdf d]/f] ç gdf] cfb]z hfcf];\ .
of] Åoflbgfy pt ef]ue/+ ljxfo
of]u+ ;tŒjd'bo qmdtf] lggfo .
gfDgf >'tf]›:To'bogfy Olt l>t >L
/fb]z p\Pt' dd tq kljqd"tf}{ ..
:jo+ cflbgfy g} ef]u ef/nfO{ Tofu u/L qmdzM
;Œj of]usf] pbodf nfUg'eof] cyf{t\ of]usf] pbo ug'e{ of]
/ pbogfysf] gfdaf6 ljZjk|l;4 x'g'eof] . >L nIdLn]
h;sf] cf>o lng'xG' 5, ;fy} ci6l;l4, gjlglwnfO{ h;n]
cf>o lbg'x'G5, o:tf kljq d"lt{df d]/f] ç gd cfb]z
;b}j k'uf];\ .
oZrfKog]seje"tu0ffg\ s[kftM
kfTjfltkLl8tXbM lsn sfnb08ft\ .
tb\b'n{efd/kb+ ; ;'v+ lggfo
o208gfy Olt l;4u0fk|l;4M ..
hf] cflbsfn sfnsf] b08sf] eoaf6 clt kLl8tnfO{
s[kf ug'{x'G5, hf] ljzfn XbozfnL x'g'x'G5, cg]s
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ç gd cfb]z k'uf];\ .
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;To :j?kOx ot\ lsn ;TogfyM ..
hf] cflbgfy g} ;Togfysf] ¿kdf ;sn r/fr/df
cfTdfsf] lgTo /d0f ug]{ Pj+ ;Dk"0f{nfO{ cfb]z Pj+
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gfdaf6 k|l;4 x'g'x'G5, o:tf kljq d"lt{df d]/f] ç gd
cfb]z ;b}j k'uf];\ .
;To:j?kstof ;tt+ Åo;+u
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;Gtf]ifgfy Olt uLot O{8\ogfdf ..
hf] cflbgfy g} ;TogfyLo ;To:j¿k x'gfn] ;bf
c;Ë Pj+ PsfGtlk|o, P]sflGts eP/ klg k/f]Vo
:j;'vdf ;Gtf]if wf/0f ub}{ ;bf;j{bf k|;Gg /xg'x'G5,
h;sf] dlxdf ;Gtf]ifgfysf] gfdaf6 ufOG5, o:tf kljq
d"lt{df d]/f] ç gd cfb]z ;b}j k'uf];\ .
s"df{lewfgd'knIf0fdfbwfgf]
e"dLdwf]e'jgdKojtLx o:dft\ .
oM s"d{gfy Olt zd{sf/] hgfgf–
dfb]z Pt' dd tq kljqd"tf}{ ..
s"d{ gfdsf] pknIf0f wf/0f ub}{ ;Tj kftfn;lxt
e"ldsf] ef/ wf/0f ug]{ / ;a} k|sf/sf ;+/If0f k|bfg
ug]{, ;d:t hgtfnfO{ ;'v lbg] / s"d{gfysf] gfdaf6
k|l;4 x'g'ePsf To:tf kljq d"lt{df d]/f] ;b}j ç gd
cfb]z k'uf];\ .
k'0ofTdgf+ ljhotf+ -lqhutf+_ lsn e'lQm–d'lQm
bfg] k'gM k/dtŒjlgb]zgfo
k|fjt{tfg'u'0fof]udofg'e"ltM
o]gf]Qdf ; r hnGw/gfygfdf .
hf] cflbgfy eujfg\ g} tLg nf]ssf ljhoL
k'0ofTdfx¿nfO{ e'lQm d'lQm lbgsf] nflu, k'gZrM
k/dtŒjsf] pkb]z lbgsf] nflu k|j[Q x'g'eof] / cg'u'0f
of]udo pQd cg'e"lt h;df k|j[Q ePsf] 5, o:tf
JolQmTj g} hfnGw/gfysf] gfdaf6 k|l;4 x'g'x'G5, o:tf
kljq d"lt{df d]/f] ç gd cfb]z ;b}j hfcf];\ .
;j]{ Ifo]0f /lxtf ljlxtfZr o]g
o] r]tgf lx u'0f?kljnIf0fTjft\ .
tGq ljz]if
uf]/Ifgfy Olt oM slytf]lx o:df–
bfb]z Pt' dd tq kljqd"tf}{ ..
hf] cflbgfy lzjn] g} u'? uf]Ifgfysf] ¿kdf
cjtl/t eO{ ;a} Ifo/f]uL Pj+ dTo{wdf{ d/0fzLnx¿nfO{
of]ufd[taf6 ch/cd/ ul/lbg'eof], ljnIf0f u'0f ¿ksf
wgL lzj uf]/Ifn] g} ;d:t k|f0fLx¿nfO{ cfkm}h:t}
ljnIf0f u'0f ¿ko'Qm agfpg' eof] / h8 j:t'nfO{ r]tgf
lbO{ r]tgo'Qm agfpg'eof], Ifo–k|no–sfnaf6 ;a}sf]
/Iff ug]{ gjgfy lzj g} uf]/Ifgfysf] ¿kdf k"lht
x'g'x'G5, o:tf clåtLo kljq d"lt{df d]/f] ç gd cfb]z
;b}j k'uf];\ .
gjgfyg'lt{ ;tt+ /lr/f+, k7ltx hgM k/dfb/tM .
kltf]ifd'k]To ; gfy OtM k|bbflt dgf]/ydfTd;'vd\ ..
hf] JolQm o; ;'Gb/–?lr / gjgfy :t'lysf] k/d
cfb/n] lg/Gt/ kf7 ub{5g\, pgLx¿af6 gjgfy k|;Gg
eO{ pgLx¿sf] dgf]/y k"0f{ ub}{ pgLx¿nfO{ cfTd;'v
k|bfg ug'{x'G5 .
.. Olt >Lgjgfy:tf]qd\ ..
ho u'?b]j ¤
31
k/dk"Ho ;b\u'?b]jsf]
cjt/0f ofqf
hLjGt hfu[t JolQmTj 8f= gf/fo0fbQ >LdfnL
k/dk"Ho ;b\u'?b]jn] hLjgdf s;/L jf:tljs cfgGb k|flKt ug]{
eGg] dfu{nfO{ :ki6 kfg'{ePsf] 5 . olt dfq} xf]Og, 1fg, of]u clg
j}/fUosf] r/d ;LdfnfO{ klg pxfFn] :ki6 kfg'{ePsf] 5 . hLjgdf
hxfF ;ËLtn] cd[t pTkGg ub{5, ToxLF ;f}Gbo{, ult, pdË / cfgGb
k|bfg ub{5 tyf k"0f{tfsf] efj / nIo k|flKtsf] rfxgf pTkGg ub{5 .
cfhef]ln ;f}Gbo{sf] rrf{ p7\bf sfd'stfsf] dfg; aGg] ub{5 . k|]dsf]
lrGtgdf t'R5kgf ;fd' cfpF5 / xfd|f] dfg;df jf;gfn] 8]/f hdfpF5 .
jf:tjdf xfdL ;a} ;fx|} lgDg :t/sf x'g k'Uof}F -c1fgL eof}F_, xfd|f]
;f]r g} oltlj£g cw'/f] eof], xfd|f] cfFvfdf olt w]/} d}nf hd] ls k|]d
clg ;f}Gbo{h:tf >]i7 ljifosf] lrGtgsf rrf{n] xfdLdf ;+sf]r pTkGg
ub{5 . cfhsf] ;dfhdf o; ljifodf s'/f ug'{sf] cy{ xf]— cZnLn
x'g', kmf]x/L ukm ug'{ / pQfpnf] x'g' . ;f}Gbo{ t hLjgsf] Tof] cË
xf] h;nfO{ ;Tod\lzjd\;'Gb/d\ eg]/ cflb;"qdf elgPsf] 5 . cyf{t\
;f}Gbo{ klg k"0f{tfsf] Pp6f af6f] xf] . Psflt/ ;fwgf ubf{ ubf{ hLjg
;'s]sf] 7"6f]h:tf] s'¿k x'g hfG5 eg] csf]{lt/ ;f}Gbo{n] To; ;'s]sf]
7"6f]df zLtntf, zflGt clg cl3 a9\g] gofF pdË pTkGg ub{5 .
dxlif{ e[u'n] cfÇg} zAbdf o;/L :ki6 5g\— l;4f>ddf xhf/f}F jif{
cfo' ePsf of]uLx¿ efjgfxLg, r]tgfxLgh:t} ;dflw:y lyP eg]
ToxLF :jfdL lglvn]Zj/fgGbhLn] b]jsGofx¿nfO{ af]nfO{ g[To, ;ËLt
clg ;f}Gbo{sf] :yfkgf ug'{eof] . t/ ;a}n] o;sf] 3f]/ lj/f]w u/] .
lglvn]Zj/fgGbhLn] l;4f>ddf ;a}nfO{ d'Qm¿kn] ljr/0f ug]{ 5'6
lbg'eof] . o;sf] klg rsf]{ lj/f]w eof] . clg aNn l:yltnfO{ :ki6
kfb}{ pxfFn] eGg'eof]— ;f}Gbo{ t pmWj{ufdL lrGtg xf] . sfd'stf
jf jf;gfdo x'g' clg cfFvfdf g/fd|f]kgf cfpg' t ktg kf] xf] .
To;sf/f0f ;+Gof; hLjgdf oL cwf]ufdL lqmofx¿sf] cy{} 5}g . ;f}Gbo{
k|flKt t hLjgsf] pT;j xf] . k/dk"Ho u'?b]js} k|oTgåf/f Pp6f
gofF ljwfg aGof] . pxfFn] eGg'ePsf] 5— olb ltdL sdhf]/ 5}gf} eg],
ltdL cfÇgf] ;fwgfdf cljrn 5f} eg], Pslgi7 5f} eg] ltdLnfO{
32
uf]/If lglvn jf0fL, @)^^ r}q
cfÇgf] ;fwgf eË x'g] 8/ nfUg] 5}g . o;kl5 d;fg´}F
;'g;fg l;4f>ddf xnrn cfof] . u'?hLn] :ki6 kfb}{
eGg'eof]— ;f}Gbo{sf] kf/vL tyf ;f}Gbo{do aGof} eg]
aNn ltd|f] hLjgdf cfgGbsf] jiff{ x'g]5, pdË 5fpg]5
clg s]xL u/]/ b]vfpg] r'gf}ltsf] efj cfpg]5, ;fwgf
dfu{df c¿ vf]h x'g]5, Pp6f ult aGg]5, hLjgdf
;ËLtsf] k|:km'6g x'g]5 h;åf/f ck"j{ jiff{ k|f/De x'g]5,
hLjg g[Todo x'g]5, Pp6f pT;j 5fpg]5 . To;kl5
dfq k"0f{Tjsf] k|flKt x'g]5 .
k/dk"Ho ;b\u'?b]jn] xfdL ;a}sf] hLjgnfO{ lg/Gt/
pT;jdo g} agfO/xg'ePsf] 5 . efUojfbL dfq} eP/
w]/} lkF9Lx¿ lat] . xfdL eg] ca s]xL gofF -kl/jlt{t_
x'g kfO/x]sf 5f}F / of] ;f}efUo >L u'? r/0fsf] k|tfkn]
g} ePsf] xf] . gq ;Dej g} sxfF lyof] / <
;Dk"0f{ ;[li6 sfnsf] cwLgdf 5 / sfn s;}sf]
cwLgdf 5}g eGg] zf:qf]Qm syg lglvn]Zj/fgGb
k/dx+;hL dxf/fhsf lziox¿df eg] nfu" x'Fb}g .
h;n] sfnnfO{ klg nft xfGg] lxDdt ug'{eof], h;sf]
cg'dltlagf sfn klg ultzLn x'g] ;fx; ub}{g, To:tf
sfnsf klg dxfsfn lglvn]Zj/fgGbhLsf lziox¿n]
rfx]df s] c;Dej 5 < xfd|f nflu t If0fe/sf nflu
dfq} u'?b]jsf] >Lr/0fsf] lrGtg u/] k'U5 .
o:tf dftflktf, aGw'afGwj, ;vf;vL, ljBfwg tyf
;fIfft\ a|Åd:j¿k lziosf ;j{:j k|ftM:d/0fLo k/dk"Ho
;b\u'?b]j of]uL/fh :jfdL lglvn]Zj/fgGb k/dx+;hL
dxf/fhsf >Lr/0fsdndf ;fi6fË b08jt\ k|0ffd ¤
ho u'?b]j ¤
ha ltdL d]/f] glhs cfP/ cfŸgf]
x[ b osf] /fu d] / f] x[ b osf] /fu;F u
ldnfOlbG5f} ta ltdLleqsf] ;+uLt d]/f]
;+uLt;Fu ldNb5, b'j} Ps};fy slDkt
x'G5g\, w8\sg Ps x'G5 . To;kl5 ltdLn]
a'em\g]5f} Tof] k|]d, nx/, Tof] u'~hg, Tof]
uLt hf] cfgGb xf], k/d cfgGb xf] .
ök/dk"Ho ;b\u'?b]j 8f= gf/fo0fbQ >LdfnL
tGq ljz]if
@)^^ r}q dlxgfsf
r}q !, *, !%, @@, @( ut] -cfOtjf/_
;j{>]i7— lbg ^M))—^M$*
/flq ^M$*—&M#^, #M#^—$M@$
>]i7— lbg ^M$*—!)M))
/flq *M@$—!)M)),$M@$—^M))
r}q @, (, !^, @#, #) ut] -;f]djf/_
;j{>]i7— /flq &M#^—(M!@
>]i7— lbg ^M))—&M@$, !)M$*—!M!@, #M#^—%M!@
/flq (M!@—!)M)), !M!@—@M$*
r}q #, !), !&, @$, #! ut] -d+unjf/_
;j{>]i7— /flq &M#^—(M!@, #M#^—$M@$
>]i7— lbg ^M))—*M@$, !)M))—!@M@$,$M#^—%M!@
/flq (M!@—!)M)),!@M@$—@M)), $M@$—^M))
r}q $, !!, !*, @% ut] -a'wjf/_
;j{>]i7— lbg #M#^—$M@$
/flq (M!@—!)M$*
>]i7— lbg &M#^—(M!@,$M@$—^M)), !!M#^—!@M))
/flq ^M$*—(M!@, @M))—^M))
r}q %, !@, !(, @^ ut] -laxLjf/_
;j{>]i7— /flq &M#^—(M!@
>]i7— lbg ^M))—*M@$,!)M$*—!M!@, $M@$—^M))
/flq (M!@—!)M)), !M!@—@M$*, $M@^—^M))
r}q ^, !#, @), @& ut] -z'qmjf/_
;j{>]i7— /flq !M!@—#M#^
>]i7— lbg ^M$*—!)M@$,!@M!@—!M!@,$M@$—%M!@,
/flq *M@$—!)M$*, $M@$—^M))
r}q &, !$, @!, @* ut] -zlgjf/_
>]i7— lbg !)M#^—!@M@$,#M#^—%M!@,
/flq *M@$—!)M$*,@M))—#M#^, $M@$—^M))
gf]6M
lbg–eGgfn] laxfg ^M)) b]lv ;fFem ^M)) ;Dd
/flq–eGgfn] ;fFem ^M)) b]lv csf]{ laxfg ^M)) ;Dd
k/dk"Ho ;b\u'?b]j 8f= gf/fo0fbQ >LdfnLHo"åf/f
/lrt ‘Hof]ltif cf}/ sfn lg0f{o’ u|Gydf cfwfl/t .
33
;b\u'?b]j k|jrgf+z
o; :tDecGtu{t k/dk"Ho ;b\u'?b]j 8f= gf/fo0f bQ
>LdfnLHo" -k/dx+; :jfdL >L lglvn]Zj/fgGb dxf/fh_ n] cfÇgf]
cjt/0fsfndf lbg'ePsf k|jrgx? k|sflzt ub}}{ cfO/x]sf 5f}F ._
lqmofof]usf] k"0f{tf
/ l;4f>d k|flKt
==== leqsf] u'+h/0f k|f/De x'g]5 ;f]›x+sf] dfWodaf6 .
o; cfGtl/s u'+h/0fsf nflu cf]7 vf]Ng'kb}{g . leqleq}
dgg ug'{k5{ . of] u+'h/0f /f]ux¿nfO{ ;dfKt ub}{ k"0f{
;dflw cj:yfdf hfg] lqmof xf] . of] cfGtl/s u'+h/0f klg
5k6s ug'{;\, la:tf/}–la:tf/} b]Vg'x'g]5— :jtM ;f]›x+sf]
Wjlg cgj/t¿kn] eO/x]sf] 5 . tkfO{Fdf r]tgf g} 5}g,
xnrn g} gu/L lgZrn al;/xg'nfO{ Wofg elgG5 .
ca oxfFg]/ Pp6f k|Zg p7\5— olb Wofg nfUof] /
Ps, b'O{ 306f;Dd r]tgf kms]{g eg] s] ug]{ < o; u+'h/0f
lqmofsf] dfWodaf6 h'g Wofg nfU5, Tof] rf}aL; ldg]6eGbf
a9L nfUg} ;Sb}g, Tof] t ;dflw cj:yf xf] h;df Ps, b'O{
cyjf bz 306f;Dd Wofg nfU5 .
tkfOF{ u'+h/0f u/]/ x]g'{;\ / lbgel/ tkfO{F cfgGb /
d:tLn] latfpg'x'g]5 . s'g} tgfj /xg] 5}g . s'g} ;d:of
cfpg] 5}g, tkfOF{sf] lbdfu olt :j:y /xg]5 ls tkfOF{n]
34
t'?Gt} lg0f{o lng ;Sg'x'g]5 . ;Fu}sf] dflg;n] k|Zg ubf{
tkfO{nF ] t'?Gt} a'l‰fxfNg'xg' 5] — k|Zg s] xf] / s] pQ/ lbg'kg]{
xf] . rf}aL; ldg]6df Mind cfkm;]cfkm Relax eOxfNg]5 .
of] w]/} 7"nf] s'/f xf] . tkfOF{sf] cg'xf/df Pp6f cf]h, Pp6f
rds 5fpg]5, tkfOF{n] af]Ng]lalQs} dflg;x¿df o:tf]
k|efj kg]{5 ls pgLx¿nfO{ tkfOFdf s]xL ljz]iftf 5, s'g}
Ifdtf t 5 eGg] nfUg]5 . dflg;n] tkfO{Fsf] s'/f sf6\g
;Sb}g . o:tf] t]h o; Wofgaf6 dfq cfpg ;S5 . of] w]/}
7"nf] pknlAw xf]— /f]ux¿nfO{ d]6fpg, z/L/nfO{ k"0f{tf
lbg . of] Thoughtless Mind agfpg] k|ToIf lqmof xf] .
d}n] ;+If]kdf wf/0ff / Wofgsf] k|lqmof a'´fPF . o;
Wofg k|lqmofsf] cEof; lg/Gt/ ug{'kb{5 . lbgx'F ug'{;\ .
slxn] ug]{ slxn] gug]{, aLr–aLrdf /f]Sg] gug'{;\ . tkfOFn{ ]
rf}aL; ldg]6;Dd} of] Wofg ug'{k5{ eGg] klg h?/L 5}g .
kfFr ldg]6 ug';{ ,\ bz ldg]6 ug';{ \ cyjf kGw| ldg]6 ug';{ \ .
t/ cjZo} ug'{;\ . kGw||, aL; lbg cEof; u/]kl5 tkfO{Fn]
o; u'+h/0faf6 k|fKt x'g] cfgGbsf] cg'e"lt ug'{xg' ]5 . of]
u'h+ /0f :jo+df g} a|ÅdTj;Fu ;fIffTsf/sf] klxnf] v'8l\ snf]
xf] .
o;sf] clGtd v'8\lsnf] xf]— ‘;dflw’ h;nfO{
lqmofof]usf] pRrtd cj:yf elgG5 . oL ;a} g} lqmofTds
kIf x'g\ t/ o;sf] lg/Gt/ lrGtg k|lqmofsf nflu pks/0f
t h?/L x'G5 g} . o;sf nflu wf]tL rflxG5, pbfQ z+v
rflxG5, Psd'vL ?b|fIf rflxG5 . oL ;a} lsg rflxG5g\
eGg] s'/f k|of]u u/]/ yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 . tkfO{F cfuf]
afn]/ To;sf] cufl8 a:g';\ t tkfOFn{ fO{ tftf] cjZo x'g5] .
To; cfuf] / cfkm"aLr z+v /fv]/ a:g';\ . clg tkfOF{nfO{
cg'e"lt x'g yfNg]5 ls dgnfO{ aflx/L jftfj/0faf6 cnu
ug{df z+v k"0f{ pkof]uL 5 .
o; stage df hfg OR5's k|To]s ;fwsn] ;f]›x+ d+qsf]
pRrf/0f z+vWjlgsf] ;fydf ug'{ clgjfo{ 5 lsgeg] To;
jftfj/0fdf k'u]/ ;+;f/af6 cnlUug' kg]{ x'G5 . k/LIf0fsf
nflu Pp6f efF8f]df kfgL eg'{;\ h;df sL6f0f' 5g\, nfdv'§]
d/]sf 5g\ . To; kfgLsf] glhs a;]/ kfFr–5k6s z+v
ahfpg';\ / To;kl5 To;nfO{ test ug'{;\ . To;df cfwf
hLjf0f' ;dfKt eO;s]sf x'g]5g\ . of] t Science sf] hdfgf
xf], Science s} lx;fan] x]g'{;\ .
tkfO{Fn] h;} lqmofof]u k"0f{ ug'{x'G5 ta l;4f>dtk{m
uf]/If lglvn jf0fL, @)^^ r}q
klxnf] kfOnf rfNg'x'G5 . To;kl5 t u'?sf] cf}Fnfsf]
;xf/fn] l;4f>d k'Ug'5 . ToxL l;4f>d h;nfO{ :jo+df
k"0f{Tjsf] k|tLs dflgPsf] 5 . tkfO{Fn] dfgjhLjg k|fKt
ug'{ePsf] 5 eg] ToxfF k'u]/ t x]g'{;\ ls xfd|f] hLjgsf]
pkof]lutf s] 5 . Tof] xfd|f] hLjgsf] cfgGb xf], xfd|f]
hLjgsf] k"0f{tf xf] .
lqmof of]u bLIff M
Go"g+ k"0f{Tj k|fKgf]lt, bLIff 1fg+ r ob\ ej]t\ .
; ej]t\ k"0f{ df/f]Uo+, l;l4e{jlt sd{hf ..
cyf{t\ ‘;+;f/df b'n{e / cToGt s7Lg k|lqmofnfO{
bLIff elgG5 h'g hLjgdf k"0f{tfsf] k|tLs xf], dflg;sf]
Go"gtfnfO{ k"0f{tfdf kl/jlt{t ug]{ Pp6f lqmof xf] h;nfO{
l;4f>d bLIff elgG5 .’
o; Znf]ssf cg';f/ k'vf{x¿sf] k'0o / :jo+ cfÇgf
hLjgsf k'0ox¿sf] pbon] dfq o:tf] cj;/, o:tf] l:ylt
pTkGg x'G5 h;sf] dfWodn] xfdL o:tf] bLIffnfO{ k|fKt
ug{ ;S5f}F / o;}af6 k"0f{tf / ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ ;S5f}F .
To;}n] l;4f>d bLIff b'n{e t 5Fb}5 dxŒjk"0f{ klg 5 .
o; l;4f>d bLIffsf] dxŒj o;n] klg 5 ls lqmofof]usf]
;dfkg l;4f>d k|j]zaf6} x'G5 .
o; bLIffnfO{ u'?n] lbg'xG' 5 h;af6 hLjgdf l56f]eGbf
l56f] wf/0ff, Wofg / ;dflwsf] ;dfud x'g ;S5 . hLjgdf
lrGtg aGg ;S5 / lzion] cfÇgf] k|oTgn] h] s'/f kfpg
;s]sf] 5}g, Tof] k|fKt ug{ ;S5 .
lzio :jo+df ck"0f{ x'G5 lsgeg] p;sf hLjgdfu{x¿
clN‰fPsf x'G5g\ . pm;Fu :ki6 dfu{ x'Fb}g, p;nfO{ of] 1fg
x'Fb}g ls s'g dfu{df hfg'kg]{ xf] / sxfF;Dd hfg'kg]{ xf] .
olb u'?n] p;nfO{ dfu{df pEofO{ g} lbP klg p;nfO{ t of]
yfxf x'Fb}g ls o; dfu{df slt;Dd hfg'kg]{ xf] . To;}n]
p;sf] cufl8 Pp6f Jofdf]x;dfgsf] l:ylt eO{ g} /xG5 .
t/ u'?nfO{ ;a} s'/f k|i6 x'G5, pxfFnfO{ t of] klg yfxf
x'G5 ls of] lziosf] tx xf], pm tt\tt\ :yfgaf6 lxF8]sf]
xf] t/ c:ki6tfn] ubf{ p;sf] wf/0ffdf an k'u]sf] x'Fb}g,
b[9tf cfPsf] x'Fb}g . kmn:j¿k wf/0ffnfO{ k"0f{¿kdf
cfTd;ft\ ug{ ;Sb}g / Wofg, ;dflw, lqmofof]udf bIftf
kfpg ;Sb}g . t}klg d}n] o; k|jrgdf tL l:yltx¿nfO{
;D‰ffpg] k|of; u/]sf] 5' h'g l:yltx¿sf] dfWodaf6 tkfO{F
WofgnfO{, wf/0ffnfO{ a'‰g ;Sg'x'G5 .
of] bLIff u'?n] cfÇgf] lzionfO{ ta lbg'xG' 5 ha p;sf]
;]jf / ;dk{0fnfO{ cfk"mdf k"0f{¿kn] cfTd;ft\ ug'x{ G' 5 . ha
u'?nfO{ of] ljZjf; x'G5 ls lziosf] ;]jf / ;dk{0fdf s'g}
klg k|sf/sf] Go"gtf 5}g . u'? p;sf] ;]jfsf] / ;dk{0fsf]
tGq ljz]if
k/LIff lng'x'G5 . ca s'g} klg ljifd kl/l:yltn] lzionfO{
dfu{af6 x6fpg ;Sb}g eGg] u'?nfO{ kSsf ePkl5 dfq
of] bLIff u'?n] lbg'x'G5 .
eujfg\ s[i0f ;f+bLkgsf] cf>ddf a:bf jgaf6 bfp/f
sf6]/ NofpFy], vfgf ksfpFy], ufO{ r/fpFy] . oL ;a} sfd
pgn] cfÇgf] lzIff k"/f geP;Dd u/] . of] t ;]jfsf] Pp6f
¿k xf] . oBlk pgL k"0f{ of]u]Zj/ lyP, s[i0f lyP, hGdFbf
klg O{Zj/sf] k"0f{ c+z lyP . t}klg pgn] ;]jf / ;dk{0fnfO{
cfTd;ft\ ug'{k¥of] . hGdFbf k'tgfnfO{ df/]/ pgn] l;4
u/] ls pgL ;j{zlQmdfg\ 5g\, ;fdYo{jfg\ o'uk'?if x'g\ .
pgnfO{ ;f+bLkgsf] cf>ddf oL ;a} ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf
lyPg . t/ To; Stage ;Dd k'UgnfO{ oxL dfq dfu{ xf]
h;nfO{ ;]jf elgG5, h;nfO{ ;dk{0f elgG5 .
;f+bLkgn] s[i0fnfO{ eg]— ltdLn] vfg ksfpg bfp/f
Nofpg'k5{, ltdLn]] vfgf klg cfkm} ksfpg'kg]{5, kfgL
k/] klg, hf8f] eP klg cyjf udL{ eP klg ltdLn] ufO{
r/fpg hfg'kg]{5 . pgn] o:t} u/] . To;}n] k"0f{ 1fg k|fKt
ug{ ;s] pgn] . pgL lqmofof]usf] clGtd cj:yfdf lyP .
To;}a]nf s[i0f / u'?df Pp6f ;'Gb/ jftf{nfk x'G5 h;nfO{
dxfef/tdf pb\w[t ul/Psf] 5 . j]bJof;n] cToGt} ;'Gb/
lsl;dn] To; jftf{nfknfO{ :ki6 u/]sf 5g\ . o; k|;Ëdf
d tL b'j} lrGtgx¿nfO{ tkfO{Fx¿;dIf /fVb}5'—
s[i0f eG5g\—
‘ljgd| ?k dlbo+ u'?b]j tDo+’
‘u'?b]j ¤ d}n] xh"/sf] ;flgWodf a;]/ oL d+q–tGq–o+q,
of]u, dLdf+;f, /fhgLlt / lzIff k|fKt u/]F . xh"/n] dnfO{
s'08lngL hfu/0f lqmof klg lbg'eof], xh"/n] dnfO{
lqmofof]usf] bLIff klg lbg'eof], xh"/n] dnfO{ wf/0ff, Wofg
/ ;dflwsf] cj:yfdf klg k'¥ofpg'eof] t/ klg l/Qmtf
cg'ej eO/x]sf] 5, o:tf] nfU5 ls d]/f] z/L/ t ag]sf]
5 t/ l/Qf] 5 / xh"/n] o; l/Qf] efF8f]df s]xL xflnlbg';\
h;af6 d :jo+df k"0f{tf k|fKt ug{ ;s"F / o:tf] k"0f{tf
xh"/sf] cg'u|xn] dfq kfpg ;lsG5 h;af6 d l;4f>d
;fwgfnfO{ cfkm"df ;dflxt u/]/, To; bLIffdf k"0f{tf k|fKt
ub}{ To; nf]sdf k'Ug ;s"F h;nfO{ l;4f>d elgG5 .’
;f+bLkgn] eg]—
dd k'q ?k+ lzio+ jb]o+ cfTd :j?k+ >Ls[i0f ?k+ .
l;4fTdf lbJo db}j k"0f{ cfzLj{b] blbt+ ;M bLIff /f]kL ..
‘d ltdLnfO{ cjZo l;4f>d bLIff lbg]5' lsgls ltdL
d]/f cfTd:j¿k xf}, d]/f k|f0f:j¿k xf}, d]/f cToGt} lk|o
5f} . dnfO{ of] klg yfxf 5 ls c¿ s;}n] ltdLnfO{ of]
bLIff lbg ;Sb}g . ltd|f] o; l/Qf] efF8f]nfO{ d eg{ ;S5'
35
lsgls d ;dy{ 5' . h;} d To; l/Qf] efF8f]nfO{ eg]{5',
ltdLn] cjZo} klg k"0f{tf k|fKt ug]{5f} .Æ
olb olt ;]jf / ;dk{0fkl5 u'?n] To; tYonfO{
k|bfg ug'{x'G5 eg] Tof] klg u'?sf] dxfgtf xf] . l;4f>d
bLIff k|fKt u/]kl5 tkfOF{nfO{ o:tf] nfUg]5 ls tkfO{Fsf
s}of}F k':tfsf] k'0osf] pbo eP/, k"FhLe"t eP/ tkfO{F;dIf
pkl:yt ePsf] 5 / o;s} kmn:j¿k tkfOFn] olt dxfg\
pRrsf]l6sf] bLIff kfpg'eof] .
of] l;4f>d bLIff b'O{ r/0fdf lbOG5 . Pp6f o;sf]
k"jf{4{ lrGtg / csf]{ pQ/f4{ lrGtg 5g\ . b'j} ¿kdf ldn]/
g} of] bLIffn] :jod]j k"0f{tf k|bfg ub{5 . h'g :yfgdf o;sf]
k"jf{4{ lrGtg cfjZos x'G5, To;df pQ/f4{ lrGtg klg
cfjZos x'G5 . u'?n] klxn] o;sf] k"jf{4{ bLIff lbg'x'G5 /
k"jf{4{ bLIffkl5 lziosf] lrGtg dx;'; ug'{x'G5 . ;j{k|yd
cg'ej ug'{x'G5 clg lziosf] lrGtg / dggnfO{ cg'ej
u/]/ g} of] cg'e"lt ug'{x'G5 ls pQ/f4{ bLIff lbg] ;do
eof] ls ePg .
oL b'j} bLIffsf] dWodaf6 lziosf] efjgf sltsf]
:ki6 5, :jo+df sltsf] ;dy{ 5, u'?n] p;nfO{ hfFRg'xG' 5 .
k"jf{4a{ f6 g} lzio k"0f{¿kn] ;fdYo{jfg\ eOxfN5 . pQ/f4{df
wf/0ff, Wofg / ;dflwnfO{ k"0f{¿kn] lziosf] ;Dk"0f{
z/L/df ;dfof]lht ul/G5 . To;}n] pQ/f4{ ‰fg\ dxŒjk"0f{
5 . k"jf{4{df 1fg lngsf nflu p;sf] 36 tof/ x'G5 eg]
pQ/f4{df To; 36nfO{ k"/} el/G5 .
s[i0fn] a'´]sf lyP ls cfÇgf] k"/} kfq l/Qf] 5,
;f+bLkgn] pgnfO{ olQsf lbFbf klg pgL vNnf] cg'ej
ul//x]sf 5g\ .
of] l/Qf]kgfsf] cg'e"lt To; l:yltsf] Bf]ts xf] hxfF
u'¿k|lt k"0f{ lrGtg / dgg x'g yfN5, pxfFkl| t k"0f{ ;dk{0f
/ ;fwgf x'G5 .
h:tf] ls d}n] egF] ls of] k"jf{4{ :jo+df cfÇgf] z/L/nfO{
kfq agfP/ eg{] lqmofsf] cfwf/ xf] .
;'kfq aGg' Hofb} s7Lg 5 lsgeg] of] z/L/ 5n,
sk6 / ‰f"6n] el/Psf] 5 / o;nfO{ l/Qf] kfg{ Hofb} s7Lg
5 . t;y{ o; dxŒjk"0f{ lrGtgsf nflu tkfO{Fx¿ tof/
x'g'k5{, of] cTofjZos 5 .
l;4f>d ;fwgfdf o; z/L/nfO{ k"0f{ jfojLo -xNsf_
agfpg] lqmof k|fKt x'G5 h;sf] dfWodn] JolQm cfÇgf]
;"Id dgnfO{ l;4f>ddf nUg ;sf]];\ cyjf jfojLo b[li6n]
cyjf jfo'åf/f cfÇgf] z/L/nfO{ l;4f>d nUg ;Sg]
;fdYo{{ k|fKt ug{ ;sf];\ . o;sf nflu k"jf{4{df o1f]kjLt
36
;+:sf/ / ;d:t b]jLb]jtfx¿nfO{ cfÇgf] z/L/df :yfkgf
u/]/ dfq l;4f>d ;fwgf lbOG5, To;kl5 dfq pQ/f4{
bLIff lbOG5 .
k"0f{+ k"0f{ljb}?k drn+ 1fg+ r lbJofDa/+,
cfTd+ b} k/d+ k/]z kl/t+ lqmofof]u d] jfrt+ .
l;4+ ; ;ljtf+ ;x]j kl/t+ u'+hlGdtf+ bL3{tf+,
Jofdf]x+ s/t+ k/]z kl/t+ l;4f>df] j} gdM ..
of] Pp6f o:tf] bLIff xf] h;sf] k|tLIff b]jtf, dfgj,
Clif / uGwj{ ;a}n] ub{5g\, Tof] If0f cToGt} ;f}efUobfos
x'G5 ha of] ljlzi6 bLIff k|fKt x'G5 h;nfO{ lqmofof]u bLIff
tyf o;}nfO{ k|f/lDes l;4f>d bLIff klg elgG5 .
tkfO{nF fO{ of] bLIff k|fKt xf];\ . dflg; cfÇgf] pmWj{ufdL
k|j[lQaf6 dfly p7]/ ;Dk"0f{ b]z / ljZjsf] g]t[Tj ub}{,
dfu{bz{g ub}{ cfÇgf] k'vf{sf] k'0onfO{ ;dok6df n]v]/
;Dk"0f{ ljZjnfO{ atfpFb} To; oznfO{ k|fKt u/f];\ h;n]
;d:t k'vf{sf] cg'xf/nfO{ rDsfcf];\ . of] ;a}eGbf 7"nf]
;f}efUo xf] . o:t} ozsf] ;xefuL tkfOF{ aGg'xf];\, clg
dfq tkfOF{sf] dfgjhLjg ;kmn x'g]5 .
d}n} kl5Nnf k[i7x¿df lqmofof]uh:tf] cToGt} hl6n
/ ;+j]bgzLn ljifonfO{ hlt ;/ntfn] ;D‰ffpg] k|of;
ug{ rfx]sf] lyPF, Tof] d}n] u/]F . o;cGtu{t d}n] atfPF ls
hLjgdf b'O{ k|j[lQx¿ 5g\— pmWj{ufdL k|j[lQ / cwf]ufdL
k|j[lQ .
gfO6f]eGbf tnsf hlt klg k|jl[ Qx¿ 5g\, ltgLx¿sf
dfWodn] dfofsf] lgdf{0f x'G5— 5f]/f x'G5, gflt x'G5,
:jf:gL, aGw'jfGwj oL ;a}sf] ;DaGw gfO6f]eGbf d'lgsf
k|j[lQx¿sf] ;+rfngaf6 5g\ . gfO6f]eGbf dflysf hlt
klg rqm 5g\, hlt klg k|j[lQx¿ 5g\, tL k|j[lQx¿nfO{
hfu|t ug'{, pQ]lht ug'{, tL k|j[lQx¿nfO{ dfly p7fpg'
dfgjhLjgsf] nIf xf] . pmWj{ufdL k|jl[ Q hLjgsf] k"0f{tfsf]
k|tLs xf] . gfO6f]dl' gsf k|jl[ Qx¿n] d[To'tk{m cu|;/ u5{g\
/ gfO6f]dflysf k|jl[ Qx¿n] cd/tflt/ cu|;/ u/fpF5g\ .
gfO6f]dl' gsf k|jl[ Qx¿n] cfnf]rgf, ckoz, lgGbf, k|z;+ f,
df]x, Jofdf]xh:tf afwf tyf ljz]iftfx¿nfO{ hGdfpF5g\ /
cwf]ufdL k|j[lQx¿n] hLjgdf k"0f{tf lbG5g\, ;'v lbG5g\,
;Gtf]if lbG5g\ tyf hLjgsf] To; cfofdnfO{ :kz{ u/fpg]
lqmof u/fpF5g\ h;nfO{ u+'h/0f elgG5 .
h;/L Pp6f k"mnnfO{ b]v]/ ed/f ;w}F u'lGhG5, h;/L
;d'b|df gbLx¿ snsn :j/sf] u'+h/0f ub}{ cufl8 a9\5g\,
To;/L g} JolQm tL pmWj{ufdL k|j[lQx¿sf] u'+h/0f ub}{
l;4f>dtkm{ cu|;/ x'G5 h'g hLjgsf] k"0f{tf xf] .
— k"Hokfb ;b\u'?b]j 8f= gf/fo0fbQ >LdfnL
uf]/If lglvn jf0fL, @)^^ r}q
pkrf/ ljlw
Wofg rrf{
wf/fjflxs cEof; efu %
klxnf] Wofgsf] kfFrf}F ljlwsf] ¿kdf pkrf/ ljlw
/x]sf] 5 . pkrf/ ljlw eGgfn] o; Wofg ljlwsf]
cEof;kl5 xfdL pkrf/ klg ug{ ;Sb5f}F . Wofgsf]
dfWodaf6 zlQm pTkfbg u/L To;nfO{ pkrf/sf] ¿kdf
k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . JolQm cfk"mn] cfk}mnfO{ klg pkrf/
ug{ ;Sb5g\ eg] c¿nfO{ klg pkrf/ ug{ ;lsG5 .
pkrf/ ljlw ePsf]n] o; ljlwdf xfdL ;f]›x+
k|lqmofnfO{ klg ckgfpF5f}F clg Colour Meditation /
çsf/ Wofg klg ul/G5 .
;f]›x+ ljlwaf6 xfdLn] leqsf cËx¿nfO{ lqmofzLn
agfpF5f}F clg çsf/sf] pRrf/0f / kx]Fnf] /ªsf] Wofg
ug]{ ul/G5 .
kx]Fnf] /ª pkrf/sf] nflu /fd|f] /ª dflgG5 . of]
cfk}mdf b}jL /ª klg xf] . x'g t aflx/L¿kdf klg kx]Fnf]
/ªn] xfdLnfO{ zflGt, cfgGb, v'zL k|bfg ul//x]sf]
x'G5 . kx]Fnf] /ª k"0f{tfsf] k|tLs klg dflgG5 . cGg,
cgfh, kmnkm"n cflb kx]Fnf] /ªdf g} k"0f{ ePsf] kfpF5f}F
cyf{t\ cgfh, kmnkm"n cflb kx]Fnf] /ªdf kl/0ft ePkl5
kfSb5g\ clg k|of]usf] nflu nfos x'G5g\ . kx]Fnf] /ª
k"0f{tfsf] k|tLs, zflGt / cfgGbsf] /ª ePsf]n] klg
oxL /ªsf] k|flKt JolQmsf] nIo x'G5 . cfWoflTds¿kdf
cufl8 a9\g]x¿sf nflu kx]Fnf] /ªn] 7"nf] ;xof]u
ul//x]sf] x'G5 . kx]Fnf] /ª pGglt, k|ult u/fpg],
pRrtfdf k|j]z u/fpg] /ª xf] .
kx]Fnf] /ªsf] Wofg ubf{ cyf{t\ kx]Fnf] /ªsf] dfqf
z/L/df a9fpg ;Sbf JolQmsf] OR5fzlQm (Will Power)
n] c¿nfO{ ;d]t k|efj kf/L zflGt, cfgGb k|bfg ub}{
relief u/fpg ;Sb5 . pkrf/ ug]{x¿;Fu kx]Fnf] /ªsf]
dfqf a9L x'G5 . To;}n] xfdL hxfF pkrf/ u/fpg hfG5f},F
ToxfF Ps lsl;dsf] ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f alg/fv]sf] x'G5
clg xfd|f] /f]u 7Ls x'g] ub{5 . /ªsf] lj/f6\ ;+;f/sf]
rrf{ oxfF ;Dej 5}g t}klg xfdLn] /ªsf] oyfy{ Pj+ u"9
/x:onfO{ a'´]/ hLjgdf ptfg{ ;Sof}F eg] xfd|f] sNof0f
x'g]5 / c¿nfO{ klg sNof0f ug{ ;lsg]5 . cfpg'xf];\,
Wofgsf] kfFrf}F ljlw cyf{t\ pkrf/ ljlwsf] k|of]ufTds
cEof;tk{m nfuf}F .
t/Lsf M
!= cg's"n ldNg] j:q nufpg], ePdf ;n, dfnfx¿
tGq ljz]if
nufpg] .
@= w]/} ;do a:bf cK7\of/f] nfUg] cf;gdf ga;L ;lhnf]
nfUg], cg's"n x'g] ;'vf;g, cw{kßf;g jf cGo
cf;gdf a:g ;lsg]5 .
#= cfÇgf] cufl8 u'?x¿sf] kmf]6f] jf cfk"mn] dfgLcfPsf
b]jLb]jtf jf Oi6x¿sf] kmf]6f] /fVg] cu/aQL afNg],
cg's"n eP bLof] afNg] .
$= ;x;|f/df k/dk"Ho ;b\u'?b]jx¿ >L >L dxfof]uL
u'? uf]/vgfy Pj+ k/dx+; :jfdL >L lglvn]Zj/fgGb
dxf/fhnfO{ u'?¿kdf wf/0f ug]{, Xbodf cfk"mn]
dfg]sf b]jLb]jtfx¿nfO{ wf/0f ug]{ .
%= tLgk6s çsf/ ug]{ / tnsf] Znf]s tLgk6s
pRrf/0f ug]{—
æu'?a{|≈df u'?lj{i0f'M u'?b]{jf] dx]Zj/M
u'?M ;fIfft\ k/a|≈d t:d} >L u'/j] gdM ..Æ
^= To;kl5 b'j} xft /u8]/ cfFvf ;]Sg] / cfÇgf] cufl8
9f]lulbg] .
&= ;f]›x+ tLgk6s ug]{— 9f8 ;Lwf /fVg], b'j} xft b'j}
3'F8fdf /fVg] clg b'j} gfssf] Kjfnaf6 nfdf] Zjf;
tfGg] . Zjf; tfGbf ‘;f]’ clg Zjf; kmfNbf ‘x+’ ug]{ .
o;/L tfGg] / kmfNg] qmdnfO{ la:tf/} l56f]l56f] ug]{
clg cln sd ub}{ /f]Sg] . nueu Ps ldg]6leq Ps
r/0f k"/f x'G5 . clg kfFr ;]s]08 hlt cf/fd ug]{
/ k]ml/ cl3h:t} Zjf; tfGg] . tfGbf ‘;f]’ / kmfNbf
‘x+’ ug]{ . o:tf] tLgk6s;Dd ug]{ .
*= ;f]›x+ ljlw tLgk6s ul/;s]kl5 @! k6s ç sf/
37
Wofg⁄
Wofg⁄⁄
Wofg⁄⁄⁄
pRrf/0f ug]{ .
(= @! k6s ç] pRrf/0fkl5 cf1frqm Third eye df
kx]Fnf] /ª (Yellow colour) ;D´]/ Wofg ug]{ .
!)= cfÇgf] cg's"ntfg';f/ !% ldg]6b]lv #), $%, ^)
ldg]6;Dd ug{ ;lsg]5 .
!!= tLgk6s çsf/ pRrf/0f ug]{ .
!@= tLgk6s tnsf] Znf]s pRrf/0f u/]/ eGg]—
æu'?a{|≈df u'?lj{i0f'M u'?b]{jf] dx]Zj/M
u'?M ;fIfft\ k/a|≈d t:d} >L u'/j] gdM ..Æ
!#= b'j} xft /u8]/ lz/df ;]Sg], cfFvfdf ;]Sg],
3fF6Ldf ;]Sg], 5ftLdf ;]Sg], gfledf ;]Sg], k'gM b'j}
xft /u8]/ cfFvf ;]Sg], cfÇgf] xTs]nf x]b}{ cufl8
9f]lulbg] .
gf]6M
;f]›x+ ubf{ /Qmrfk pRr / lgDg x'gn] ,] 5ftL;DaGwL
/f]u x'gn] ,] bdsf] /f]u x'gn] ] Hofbf ug'{ x'bF g} . dlxnfx¿sf]
xsdf dlxgfjf/L x'Fbf rf/ lbg;Dd ;f]›x+ ug'{ x'Fb}g .
pkrf/ ug]{ t/Lsf M
of] Wofgsf] ljlw @! lbg;Dd cEof; u/]kl5
pkrf/df o; ljlwnfO{ k|of]u ug{ ;lsg]5 . cfk}mnfO{
cyjf c¿nfO{ pkrf/ ug'{k¥of] eg] klxn] u'?x¿nfO{
k|fy{gf ug]{ clg b'j} xft /u8\g], tftf] x'G5 clg b'Mv]sf]
7fpFdf nueu @÷# ldg]6 /fVg] / kx]Fnf] /ªsf] zlQm
uO/x]sf] :d/0f ug]{ .
ho u'?b]j ¤
Wofg;DaGwL lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf] nflu
Wofgfd[t tyf d'b|fd[t Wofg k':ts
vf]hL–vf]hL k9f}F .
38
uf]/If lglvn jf0fL, @)^^ r}q
Wofg ;fwgfdf u'?sf] dxŒj
Wofg ;fwgfdf cufl8 a9\gnfO{ dfq xf]Og, ;d:t k|f0fLsf
nflu g} u'? clt cfjZos Pj+ ckl/xfo{ x'G5 . ;+;f/sf
;Dk"0f{ zlQmx¿df ul/dfdo :yfgdf lj/fhdfg u'? zAb
cfk}mdf lbJotd 5, kljq 5 . u'? zAbsf] dlxdf, pRrtf g
t zAbsf] j0f{gdf ;Dej t, g t s'g} zf:qsf] JofVofleq .
u'? zAbsf] kljqtf cfk}mdf cg'kd 5, clåtLo 5 .
u'? zAb xfd|f] ;dfhdf gf}nf] geP klg o;sf] u"9td
/x:o Pj+ ul/dfdo pRrtfsf] af/]df xfd|f] ;dfh cgle1 g}
5 . o;}n] klg cfh u'? zAbsf] ckx]ngf ePsf] 5, cgfb/
ePsf] 5 . u'? zAb ;dfhsf JolQmnfO{ p8fpg], pNofpg],
xF;L–dhfs ug]{ zAbsf] kof{o ag]sf] 5 . slt b'MvnfUbf]
s'/f ¤ h;n] ;+;f/sf JolQmnfO{ tfg]{ Ifdtf /fVg'x'G5,
To:tf lbJotd JolQmTjnfO{ dfq u'? kbn] lje"lift ul/G5,
u'? zAbn] ;Daf]wg ul/G5 . u'? zAb k|frLgsfnb]lv
g} cToGt lbJo ePsf] / o;sf] pRrf/0f s]jn lbJotd
JolQmTjsf ;fIfft\ k|ltd"lt{x¿nfO{ dfq} ul/GYof] . h;n]
dfgjnfO{ ;f+;fl/s ej;fu/af6 tfg{ ;Sg'x'G5, h;n]
cGwsf/¿kL dg'iosf] hLjgnfO{ jf:tljs uGtJo Pj+
1fg¿kL pHofnf]tk{m pGd'v u/fpg'x'G5, cfWoflTds u"9
/x:onfO{ phfu/ u/fpg'x'G5 / cfk}mdf tŒjj]Qf x'g'x'G5,
To:tf JolQm dfq u'? x'g' x'G5, To:tf lbJotd JolQm,
JolQmTjnfO{ dfq u'? zAbn] k'sfl/G5, >4f ul/G5 . o;
u"9 s'/fnfO{ tkfO{F xfdLn] klg a'‰g'kb{5 .
;dfhsf JolQmx¿n] u'? zAbsf] ul/dfdo kbnfO{
ga'´L s;}n] cfk"mn] cfk}mnfO{ u'? 3f]if0ff ub{5g\, s;}n] u'?
kbn] ;Ddfg ub{5g\ . ;+:s[t af]Ng hfGb}df, ljåfg\ x'Fb}df,
k|jrg lbg ;Sb}df, ;fdfGo dGq–tGq hfGb}df, b'O{–rf/j6f
;fwgf l;4 ub}{df, l;l4 k|fKt ub}{df, kx]Fnf] n'uf, dfnf,
;n nufpFb}df, hf]uL aGb}df, ;+Gof;L ag]/ lxF8\b}df, Hof]ltif
hfGb}df, k"hfcfhf u/fpg ;Sb}df, /fd syf, efujt\ syf
cflb /fd|f];Fu eGb}df, k"hg u/fpFb}df cflb OToflb Ifdtf,
;fdYo{ xfl;n ub}{df sf]xL u'? klg aGb}g, u'? eGg klg
ldNb}g . t/ klg cfhsf] ;dosf] lj8Dagfn] klg x'g
;S5, Ifdtfjfg lbJotd JolQmTjsf] cefjdf dfly pNn]v
ePh:t} ;dfGo JolQmn] klg cfk"mnfO{ u'? kbdf cf;Lg
u/fO{ ;Lwf;fwf ;dfhsf c1fgL dflg;x¿nfO{ lzio agfO{
dfgl;s Pj+ zf/Ll/s zf]if0f u/]sf] kfpF5f}F . gfd dfqsf
u'?n] g cWofTdsf u"9 s'/f a'´fpg ;S5g\, g t wd{ /
wfld{stfsf d"n tŒjnfO{ a'´fpg ;S5g\, g t tk:ofleqsf]
tGq ljz]if
jf:tljs /x:onfO{ g} phfu/ ug{ ;S5g\ . o;}n] u'? dfGbf,
u'? :yfkgf ubf{ lbJotd JolQmTjnfO{ dfq} u'? dfGg'kb{5 .
lzj:j¿ksf u'?x¿n] dfq} jf:tljs¿kdf dg'ionfO{ df]If
lbg ;Sg'x'G5 . zf:qdf u'?nfO{ ;jf]{kl/ dflgPsf] 5 . u'?
g} ;[li6 ug{ ;Sg] a|≈df08:j¿k x'gx' G' 5, ;[li6nfO{ Jojl:yt
ug]{, rnfpg] lji0f':j¿k x'g'x'G5 / ;[li6nfO{ ;+xf/ ug]{
dx]Zj/ x'g'x'G5 . Toltdfq} xf]Og, ;f/f ;+;f/nfO{ cfÇgf]
Ozf/fdf rnfpg ;Sg] ;fIfft\ k/a|≈d x'g'x'G5 . To;}n]
o:tf clåtLo JolQmTjnfO{ dfq} xfdLn] u'? dfGg'kb{5 .
;fws, ;flwsf Pj+ lziosf k|f0ffwf/ g} u'? x'g'x'G5 .
u'? g} ;j{:j x'g'x'G5 . To;}n] Wofg ;fwgfnufot h'g;'s}
If]qdf ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ u'?sf] g} s[kf, cfzLjf{b rflxG5 .
To;}n], u'?sf] s[kflagf g t ;fwgf ;kmn x'G5, g t
dfgjhLjg g} ;kmn x'G5 . To;}n], Wofg ;fwgfdf ;kmntf
rfxg] k|To]s JolQmsf] klxnf] sfo{ g} u'? k|flKt xf] .
;a}eGbf klxn] u'? k|fKt ug]{, u'?;Fu hf]l8g], tTkZrft\
u'?s} lgb]{zgcg'¿k Wofgdf cufl8 a9\g'k5{ . u'? ;Qf
b]jLb]jtf Pj+ Clifx¿sf nflu ;d]t pRr cfb/0fLo ;Qfsf]
¿kdf lj/fhdfg /xg'ePsf] 5 . o;/L b]jx¿sf nflu klg
b'n{e dflgg], Clifx¿sf nflu klg k/d jGbgLo /xg] u'?
;Qf k/d cfb/0fLo x'g'x'G5, k/d jGbgLo x'g'x'G5 . o:tf]
lbJotd ;Qfsf] ;w}F sb/ ug'{kb{5, cfb/ ug'{kb{5 / v'zL
agfO{ s[kf, cfzLjf{b k|fKt ug'{kb{5 .
hf] u'? dfg]/ Wofgdf cufl8 a9\5g\, To:tf
JolQmx¿nfO{ g} b]jLb]jtfn] klg s[kf, cfzLjf{b lbG5g\
/ Wofg ;kmn x'G5 . u'? dfg]/ cufl8 a9\bf s]xL
tn–dfly k/]df u'?b]jn] x]l/lbg'x'G5, ;fdfGo q'l6,
sdL–sdhf]/LnfO{ Ifdf ul/lbg'xG' 5 . b]jLb]jtfx¿ l/;fP/
s[kf, cfzLjf{b glbg] l:ylt eof] eg] klg u'?nfO{ v'zL
agfpg ;lsof] eg] b]jtfx¿ :jtM g} v'zL x'G5g\ /
Wofg ;kmn x'G5 . To:t} Clifx¿ klg ?i6 x'g'eof] eg]
u'? v'zL xFb' f, u'?nfO{ k"0f{ cfb/–;Ddfg ubf{ pxfFx¿nfO{
klg v'zL agfpg ;lsG5 / Wofg ;kmn x'G5 .
:d/0f /xf];\, olb u'?nfO{ g} ?i6 agfof}F, u'?nfO{ cgfb/
u¥of}F eg] k]ml/ u'? v'zL agfpg] pkfo o; ;+;f/df csf]{
s'g} lbJozlQm x'Fb}g . s]jn >fksf] efuLbf/ aGg'kg]{ x'G5 .
To;}n] u'? dfgf}F, u'?;Fu hf]l8cf}F, u'?s} dfu{lgb]{zgcg';f/
cufl8 a9f}F, u'? ;QfnfO{ k"0f{ cfb/, ;Ddfg u/f}F / Wofgdf
;kmntf k|fKt u/f}F . ho u'?b]j ¤
39
o; :tDecGtu{t
x:t/]vf lj1fgcg';f/
x:t/]vf;DaGwL hfgsf/Lx?
kf7sju{;dIf /fVb} cfO/x]sf 5f}F .
cfzf 5, o;af6 oxfFx? nfeflGjt
x'g'x'g]5 .
dl:tis /]vf cl3Nnf] c+saf6 qmdzM
@@= olb xftdf bf]xf]/f] dl:tis /]vf b]lvPdf cyf{t\
dl:tis /]vfsf] ;fy;fy} To;sf ;xfos /]vfx¿
klg lgl:sPsf 5g\ eg] To:tf] JolQm cToGt
efUojfg\ dflgG5 .
@#= olb bf]xf]/f] dl:tis /]vf ;Lwf / ;kmf ePdf
lgZro g} o:tf] JolQmn] s"6gLltdf k"0f{ ;kmntf
k|fKt ub{5 .
@$= dl:tis /]vf olb aLrdf 6'6]sf] b]lvPdf To:tf]
JolQmsf] dl:tis c;Gt'lnt x'G5 .
@%= olb dl:tis /]vf u'? kj{tsf] 7Ls tn vl08t
ePsf] 5 eg] To:tf] JolQmnfO{ afNofj:yfdf g}
eoÍ/ rf]6 nfUb5 . o;}k|sf/ olb of] /]vf zlg
kj{td'lg 6'6]sf] b]lvPdf @$ jif{df z:qf3ftsf]
of]u aGb5 .
@^= dl:tis /]vf ;"o{ kj{td'lg eË ePsf] v08df
40
x:t/]vf lj1fg
cfkm\gf]] xft
cfkm} x]/f}“
JolQmn] cfÇgf] k]zfdf w]/} abgfdLsf] ;fdgf
ug'{kb{5 . olb o:tf] /]vf a'w kj{td'lg uP/ 6'6\b5
eg] To:tf] JolQm Jofkf/df 6f6 kN6G5 .
@&= olb dl:tis /]vf h~hL/h:t} 5 eg] p;sf] hLjgdf
dl:tis;DaGwL /f]u /xG5 .
@*= olb u'? kj{tsf] d'lg dl:tis /]vfdf s'g} k|sf/sf]
åLk 5 eg] Tof] JolQm kfun x'G5 .
@(= zlg kj{tsf] d'lg dl:tis /]vfdf åLk 5 eg] @$
cf}F jif{df kfunvfgfdf hfg'kg]{ x'G5 .
#)= olb ;"o{ kj{tsf] d'lg dl:tis /]vfdf s'g} k|sf/sf] åLk
b]vf k5{ eg] Tof] JolQm ;a} k|sf/n] c;kmn x'G5 .
#!= olb a'w kj{td'lg dl:tis /]vfdf åLk ag]sf] eP
To; JolQmsf] lj:kmf]6sf] sf/0f d[To' x'G5 .
#@= olb dl:tis /]vf aLr aLrdf sfl6Psf] 5 eg]
JolQmsf] lbdfu c;Gt'lnt x'G5 .
##= olb dl:tis /]vfsf] cf;kf;df ;fgf7"nf /]vfx¿
b]lvP eg]] JolQm cl:y/ lg0f{o lng] jfnf x'G5 .
#$= dl:tis /]vf 3'd/] z'qm kj{tlt/ hfG5 eg] JolQmn]
pGglt ub{5 / :qLsf] cTolws nf]slk|o x'G5 .
#%= dl:tis /]vfdf ;]tf laGb'x¿ b]lvP eg] To;
JolQmsf] hLjg k"0f{ ;kmntfn] o'Qm x'G5 .
#^= dl:tis /]vfdf sfnf laGb'x¿ b]lvP eg] Tof] JolQm
ljs[t dl:tis jfnf x'G5 .
#&= o; /]vfdf qm; lrÅgx¿ b]lvP eg] JolQmsf]
b'3{6gfdf d[To' x'G5 .
#*= o; /]vfdf gIfqsf lrÅgx¿ b]lvG5g\ eg] To;
JolQmsf] hLjgdf ulx/f] rf]6 nfUb5 .
#(= olb o; /]vfdf uf]nfsf/ lrÅg b]lvof] eg] Tof]
JolQm cb"/bzL{ / d"v{ x'G5 eGg] dfGg'k5{ .
$)= o; /]vfdf lqsf]0fsf lrÅgx¿ b]lvPdf JolQmsf]
hLjgdf eoÍ/ xflg x'g ;Sb5 .
uf]/If lglvn jf0fL, @)^^ r}q
$!= olb cfF}nfx¿ nfdf 5g\ / dl:tis /]vf klg ;Lwf
/ :ki6 5 eg] Tof] JolQm ;"IdbzL{ / a'l4dfg\
x'G5 .
$@= olb cf}Fnfx¿ 5f]6f 5g\ t/ dl:tis /]vf :ki6 5
eg] JolQmsf] hLjg k|ulto'Qm x'G5 .
$#= olb ;a} kj{tx¿ :ki6 5g\ / dl:tis /]vf klg
;Lwf / :ki6 5 eg] JolQmn] lgZro klg cfÇgf]
k|oTgn] hLjgdf ;kmntf k|fKt ub{5 .
$$= xftdf tLvf cf}Fnfx¿ 5g\ / dl:tis /]vf ;Lwf
b]lvG5 eg]] JolQm a'l4dfg\ x'G5 .
$%= Xbo /]vf tyf hLjg /]vfsf] clGtd efult/
lqsf]0fsf] lrÅg 5 eg] Tof] JolQm z'e dflgG5 .
$^= olb dl:tis /]vf xTs]nfsf] jf/kf/ uPsf] b]lvG5
eg] JolQmsf] :d/0fzlQm cToGt tLa| x'G5 /
hLjgdf d]wfjL klg x'G5 .
$&= Xbo /]vf a6fl/Psf] 5 eg] JolQmnfO{ lz/sf] /f]u
a/fa/ eO/xG5 .
$*= olb cf}Fnfx¿ 5f]6f 5g\ t/ ;fydf dl:tis /]vf
xNsf 5 eg] JolQm cfÇgf] d"v{tfn] ubf{ 6f6
kN6G5 .
$(= olb a'w kj{t ljsl;t 5 t/ dl:tis /]vf sdhf]/
5 eg] JolQmn] hLjgdf w]/} ljZjf;3ft ;xg'kg]{
x'G5 .
%)= olb rf}8f xTs]nf 5g\ / ;"o{ kj{t sdhf]/ 5 t/
dl:tis /]vf :ki6 5 eg] JolQm hLjgdf ;kmn
x'Fb}g .
%!= Xbo /]vf kftnf] 5 eg] dfgl;s b'a{ntfsf] ;Í]t
xf] of] .
%@= dl:t:s /]vfdf 5f]6f5f]6f åLkx¿ b]lvG5g\ eg]
JolQmsf] ;lGgkftsf] cj:yfdf d[To' x'G5 .
%#= olb dl:tis /]vf 6]9f]d]9f] 5 eg] JolQm ;+s'lrt
ljrf/wf/fsf] x'G5 .
%$= Xbo/]vf sdhf]/ 5 / dl:tis /]vf :ki6 5 eg]
JolQmn] hLjgdf Ifo/f]usf] ;fdgf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .
%%= olb hLjg /]vf dflyaf6 z'? eP/ cufl8 a9]sf]
5 / ;fy} w]/} 5f]6fdf]6f /]vfx¿ b]vf kb{5g\ eg]
JolQm cToGt zlQmzfnLo'Qm x'G5 .
%^= olb o; /]vfsf] cGtdf rt'e'{h b]lvG5 eg] JolQm
tGq ljz]if
ljb]zdf ;kmntf k|fKt ub{5 .
%&= olb u'? Pj+ dËn kj{t ljsl;t 5 / dl:tis /]vf
:ki6 5 eg] JolQm c;fwf/0f cfTdljZjf; / k|an
OR5fzlQmo'Qm x'G5 .
%*= olb dl:tis /]vf a"9L cf}Fnfsf] glhs} eP/ uPsf]
5 eg] p;sf] cfo' w]/} sd x'G5 .
%(= of] olb /]vf Xbo /]vflt/ a9]sf] 5 / /]vf aLr
aLrdf w]/} 7fpFdf sfl6Psf] 5 eg] JolQmsf]
hLjgdf d[uL /f]u b]vf kb{5 .
^)= olb of] /]vf hLjg /]vfsf] ;Fu;Fu} cufl8 a9\b5 eg]
k|]ddf ljZjf;3ft eP/ JolQmsf] d[To' x'G5 .
^!= olb of] /]vf rGb| kj{tdf uP/ ;dfKt x'G5 eg]
JolQm k|l;4 tflGqs x'G5 .
^@= olb of] /]vf hflnbf/ 5 eg] JolQm s'zn jQmf
x'G5 .
^#= olb of] /]vf 6]9f] eP/ cufl8 a9]sf] 5 eg] JolQmn]
h'jfdf cfÇgf ;a} ;DklQx¿ aaf{b ub{5 .
qmdzM
dGq tGq oGq lj1fg;DaGwL
g]kfns} klxnf] /]l8of] sfo{qmd
uf]/If lglvn ;Gb]z
gnsandesh@ssk.org.np
:yfg
;do -laxfg_
:6]zg
d]ufxh{
kf]v/f
lrtjg
wgu9L
;'v]{t
uf]/vf
e}/xjf
bfª 3f]/fxL
kfNkf
l;Gw'nL
bfª ndxL
kf]v/f
bdf}nL
sf]xnk'/
lrtjg
bdf}nL
;Nofg
bdf}nL
;f]daf/ %M)%—%M$%
;f]daf/ %M))—%M$)
;f]daf/ %M#)—^M))
;f]daf/ %M!%—%M$%
;f]daf/ %M))—%M#)
laxLaf/ %M))—%M$%
laxLaf/ %M#)—^M))
laxLaf/ %M))—%M#)
laxLaf/ %M))—%M#)
z'qmaf/ %M#)—^M))
laxLaf/ %M#)—^M))
laxLaf/ %M@%—%M%%
laxLaf/ %M#)—^M))
;f]daf/ %M))—%M$)
a'waf/ %M)%—%M#%
laxLaf/ %M))—%M#)
a'waf/ %M!)—%M#)
df5fk'R5«] FM
sflnsf FM
lbg]z FM
/]l8of] e]/L FM
/]l8of] uf]/vf FM
¿kGb]xL FM
/]l8of] dWoklZrd FM
/]l8of] d'lQmgfy FM
l;Gw'nLu9L FM
/]l8of] b]pv'/L FM
/]l8of] ;/f°f]6 FM
bdf}nL FM
sf]xnk'/ FM
lqj]0fL FM
dfbL;]tL FM
/]l8of] ;Nofg FM
/]l8of] tgx"F FM
(!
(%=@
(#=*
(*=^
(@=*
!)@
(!=$
()=*
!)#=^
!)%=*
!)$=^
($=@
!))=@
!))=^
!)%=*
!)!
(&=@
41
uf]/If lglvn Hof]lt lbJo ljBf>d
lbJo u'? dxf]T;j
ljljw ultljlwx?
kmfNu'0f ( ut] -k|ma] c' /L @!_sf lbg ljBf>d k|fË0fdf
lbJo u'? dxf]T;j sfo{qmd xiff]N{ nf;sf ;fy dgfOof] . pQm
cj;/df ljBf>ddf cWoog/t ljBfyL{x¿af6 u'? k"hg,
xjg, cf/tL cflb ;DkGg ePsf lyP eg] ljBfyL{x¿nfO{
of]usf] dxTj a'´fpFb} k|of]ufTds¿kdf of]u sIff ;~rfng
ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] cj;/df ljBfyL{x¿n] cf–cfgf
k|ltef klg b]vfPsf lyP . sfo{qmd laxfg !)M!% ah]af6
z'ef/De eO{ ck/fÅg $M)) ah] ;dfkg ePsf] lyof] .
uf]/If lglvn Hof]lt lbJo ljBf>ddf cWoog/t
ljBfyL{x¿sf nflu ljleGg tflnd tyf k|lzIf0f lbg]
qmddf xfn} ljleGg ultljlwx¿ ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ .
o; qmddf o; ljBf>ddf cWoog/t sIff &, * /
( sf nflu ;f=k= txaf6 ljz]if Wofgsf] k|lzIf0f k|bfg
ePsf] lyof] . o;}u/L sIff $, % / ^ sf nflu klg ;f]xL
txaf6 ljz]if Wofgsf] k|lzIf0f k|bfg ePsf] lyof] .
ultljlws} qmddf 8f= o'j/fh kf08]n] ljBfyL{x¿nfO{
k|foM nfUg;Sg] ljleGg /f]ux¿sf ;DaGwdf hfgsf/Ld"ns
k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] eg] 8f= dgf]h clwsf/Ln]
cfo'j]{bsf ljleGg ;lhnf 3/]n' pkrf/ ljlwx¿sf
af/]df k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf] lyof] . o:t} ut dlxgfdf g}
sIff *, ( sf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ Hof]ltif;DaGwL k|lzIf0fsf]
sfo{qmd klg ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
jflif{s v]ns'b
ut kmfu'g @ ut] uf]=lg=Hof]=lb=lj=k|f+u0f a;'Gw/fdf
ljz]if jflif{s v]ns'b sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . v]ns'bcGtu{t
lk|m /];, l/n] /];, ;fO8 /];, Sjf]Og lklsª, :ofs /];,
:jL6 Ol6ª, 6f]/6f]Oh /];, Do'lhsn r]o/, kmf:6 d]sck,
l:slkª slDkl6;g, 6fu]{6 lxl6ª, af:s]6an cflb
v]nx¿ v]lnPsf lyP . 5fqfx¿sf] af:s]6an v]ndf
sIff ( lj?4 sIff * sf 5fqfx¿n] lht xfl;n u/]sf
lyP eg] 5fqx¿tkm{ j]bJof; ;bgn] ljZjfldq ;bgnfO{
x/fPsf] lyof] . lk|= k|fOd/L sIffsf ljBfyL{x¿aLr ePsf]
v]n lgs} /dfOnf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf k|To]s sIffsf
ljBfyL{x¿sf nflu a]Unf a]Un} v]ns'b lqmofsnfksf]
Joj:yf ePsf] lyof] .
lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo lzlj/
ut kmfu' g !# ut] ljBf>ddf cWoog/t
ljBfyL{x¿sf nflu lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo lzlj/ ;DkGg
eof] . pQm lzlj/df jl/i7 afn ljz]if1 8f= s[i0fk|;fb
lji6 / cfo'j]{bfrfo{ /fdrGb| clwsf/Lnufot cg'ejL
lrlsT;sx¿åf/f k/LIf0f ul/Psf] lyof] eg] pQm
lzlj/df lgMz'Ns¿kdf cfo'j]{lbs tyf Pnf]Koflys
cf}iflwx¿ klg ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
MY Vidyashram
Our school's name is Gorakshya Nikhil Jyoti
Divya Vidyashram . It is under the management of
Siddhashram Shakti Kendra Nepal. It is located at
Basundhara, Kathmandu. There are 3 houses. There
is a big Play Ground. There are many rooms like A/V
room, library room, computer room , prayer room, first
aid, science lab etc. We worship our two Gurudevs. In
the morning we pray in the prayer room. We do yoga,
meditation and pranayam. I like my school very much.
— Abina Ghale, Class Two
G.N. J.D. Vidyashram
jflif{s v]ns'b sfo{qmdsf s]xL ´ns
42
uf]/If lglvn jf0fL, @)^^ r}q
of]u
of]u / s'08lngL rqm
cl3Nnf] c+saf6 qmdzM
===k"jL{o of]u lj1fgsf zf:qx¿df dfgjz/L/df
s'08lngL rqmx¿ ljBdfg /x]sf] s'/f t k|frLg sfnb]lv
g} pNn]v ePsf] kfpF5f}F . k|To]s rqm /x]sf] :yfg glhs}
dxŒjk"0f{ cGtM;|fjL u|lGy e]l6Pkl5 j}1flgsx¿n] tL
rqm / tL cGtM;|fjLo u|lGy (Endocrine Gland) x¿sf]
;DaGwdf vf]h ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . dfgjz/L/leq x'g]
w]/} k|sf/sf sfo{x¿ ltg} cGtM;|fjLo u|lGyx¿n]
lgsfNg] xfdf]{gsf sf/0f ;DkGg eO/x]sf x'G5g\ .
To;}n] h'g :yfgdf h'g u|lGy 5 olb Tof] u|lGy glhssf]
rqm hfu/0fsf] cj:yfdf k'Uof] jf Tof] rqmn] /fd|f]
cfWoflTds pmhf{ k|jfx ug{ yfNof] eg] rqm jl/kl/sf
;a} ;"Id tyf :y"n c+u–k|To+u ;Ifd / ;an x'g] cg'dfg
j}1flgsx¿n] u/]sf 5g\ . ha rqmsf] /fd|f] k|efj kg{
hfG5, cGtM;|fjLo u|lGyx¿n] k"0f{ sfo{ ug{ yfNb5g\ ta
z/L/df cfd"n kl/jt{g gcfpg] eGg] t s'/} x'Fb}g .
dfgjz/L/df l:yt d"nfwf/ rqmsf] k|efj To;
rqmsf] glhsdf l:yt cGt;|fjLo u|lGyx¿df klg kb{5 .
ha d"nfwf/ rqmsf] :kGbg jf hfu/0f x'g yfNb5 ta
o;sf] pmhf{n] jl/kl/sf ;a} c+u–k|To+u, u|lGy, gf8L
cflbdf /fd|f] k|efj kb{5 . olb of] rqm ;bf ;'if'Kt g}
/lx/x]df jl/kl/sf u|lGy, gf8Lx¿ klg la:tf/} sdhf]/
x'Fb} hfg], logLx¿sf] sfo{zlQmdf x|f; cfpg], ljleGg
/f]ux¿ b]vf kg{ ;Sg] x'G5 . d]?b08sf] tNnf] efudf
tGq ljz]if
u'båf/ / d"qdfu{sf] aLrdf cjl:yt d"nfwf/ rqmsf]
glhsdf k'?if / :qLdf km/s km/s lsl;dsf u|lGyx¿
/x]sf x'G5g\ . k'?ifdf x'g] u|lGyx¿df != c08sf]if
(Testis) @= ;]ldgn e]l;sn (Seminal Vesicle) #= k|f:] 6]6
u|lGy cflb kb{5g\ .
c08sf]if / o;sf] sfo{ M
k'?ifdf b'O{j6f c08sf]if /x]sf x'G5g\ . logLx¿n]
k|hgg aLh z'qmsL6sf] pTkfbg ug'{sf] ;fy};fy}
ljleGg k| s f/sf/ xdf] { g x¿ h:t} M 6] : 6f] : 6] / f] g ,
8fOxfO8«f6] :] 6]:6]/f]g / PG8«f:] 6]lg8fof]g cflb klg pTkfbg
ug]{ ub{5g\ . oL tLgj6f xfdf]g{ dWo] 6]:6f]:6]/f]gsf] e"ldsf
dxŒjk"0f{ /x]sf] kfOG5 . pQm xfdf]{gx¿sf sfo{x¿
o;k|sf/ 5g\–
s_ ue{df kg]{ k|efj – ln+u e]b (Sex Differentiation)
aRrf cfdfsf] ue{df x'Fbf klg pQm xfdf]{gsf] ;|j0f
x'G5 . 6]:6f]:6]/f]g xfdf]{gsf] pkl:yltdf k'?if k|hgg
c+ux¿sf] ljsf; x'G5 / 5f]/f hGdG5 cGoyf :qL k|hgg
c+ux¿sf] ljsf; eO{ 5f]/L hlGdG5] .
v_ cGo ;xfos k|hgg c+ux¿sf] ljsf;df ;fy}
afÅo k|hgg c+ux¿ h:t}M ln+u, ;]ldgn e]l;sn, k|f:] 6]6
u|lGy, k|hgg gnLx¿sf] ljsf;, z'qmsL6sf] pTkfbg
tyf of}g pQ]hgf cflb sfo{x¿df o;sf] dxTjk"0f{
e"ldsf /x]sf] x'G5 .
u_ lszf]/fj:yfdf b]lvg] kl/jt{gx¿ (Secondery Sexual
Characters)
of}jg cj:yfdf b]lvg] nIf0fx¿sf] plrt ljsf;sf]
nflu 6]:6f]:6]/f]gsf] e"ldsf /x]sf] x'G5 . tL nIf0fx¿
h:t}M xf8x¿sf] k"0f{ ljsf;, z/L/df df;', 5fnf, /f},F :j/
cflbdf b]lvg] kl/jt{gx¿df klg pQm xfdf]{gsf] e"ldsf
/x]sf] x'G5 . o; xfdf]{gsf] ;|fj plrt¿kdf gePdf
c08sf]ifsf] k"0f{ ljsf; x'g ;Sb}g, z'qm pTkfbgdf afwf
pTkGg x'G5 / k|hgg lqmofdf u8a8L b]lvG5 . ;fy}
o;sf] cgfjZos¿kdf a9L ;|fj ePdf z/L/df k|hgg
c+ux¿sf] ;fy} df;'sf] a9L ljsf; x'G5 eg] of}jg
cj:yfdf b]lvg] nIf0fx¿sf] a9L j[l4 x'G5 .
To;}u/L dlxnfdf l:yt cGt;|fjL u|lGyx¿df lgDg
kb{5g\—
43
!=l8Da (Ovary) / @=ck/f (Placenta)
cf]e/Laf6 lg:sg] d'Vo xfdf]{gx¿df O:6«f]lhg
/ k|f]h]:6]/f]g kb{5g\ . logLx¿n] cfdfzo, km]nf]lkog
6\o'a, of]lg, :tg cflb c+ux¿sf] ljsf;df d'Vo ;xof]u
ub{5g\ . oL xfdf]{gx¿sf] ;|fjsf] dfqfdf sdL x'Fbf
dlxnfdf d}y'g Ifdtf, uef{wf/0f / ue{sf] plrt ljsf;
ug]{ Ifdtf, of}jg cj:yfdf b]lvg] zf/Ll/s ;'u7g,
cfsif{0f / ;'Gb/tf cflbdf x|f; cfpF5 . dlxgfjf/Ldf
u8a8L b]lvG5 . ue{jtL ePdf :tgaf6 /fd|f];Fu b"w
lg:sFb}g . ;fy} oL xfdf]{gx¿sf] a9L dfqfdf ;|fj ePdf
klg ljljw u8a8Lx¿ b]lvG5g\ . t;y{ oL xfdf]{gx¿sf]
;Gt'lnt¿kdf ;|fj x'g' cfjZos x'G5 .
:gfo' tGqcGtu{tsf] sf]sfOhn (Coccygeal) gfds
:gfo' Kn]S;; d"nfwf/ rqm;Fu ;DalGwt ePsf] dflgG5 .
o; Kn]S;;n] log} cGtM;|fjLo u|lGyx¿ tyf k|hgg
;+:yfg;Fu ;DalGwt c+ux¿sf] sfo{nfO{ ;'rf? agfpgsf
nflu sfo{ ul//x]sf] x'G5 . d"nfwf/ rqmsf] hfu/0faf6
o; Kn]S;;n] klg /fd|f] sfo{ ug{ yfNb5 .
elgG5, olb oL k|hgg ;+:yfg;Fu ;DalGwt
xfdf]{gx¿sf] ;|fjn] g} dflg;df of}jgfj:yf, zf/Ll/s
;'Gb/tf, of}g Ifdtf k|bfg ul//x]sf] x'G5 . ha
dflg;sf] pd]/ 9lNsFb} hfG5 ta oL xfdf]{gx¿sf]
;|fjdf la:tf/} sdL x'Fb} hfG5 / dflg;df klg zlQm,
;'Gb/tf / of}jgfj:yf klg la:tf/} cf]´]n kb}{ hfG5 .
olb oL xfdf]{gx¿sf] ;|fj cgj/t¿kdf eO/xg] xf] eg]
dflg;df 5fnf rfp/L kg]{, zlQm / ;'Gb/tf x|f; x'g],
rfF8} a'9\of}nLn] 5'g] gx'g ;S5 eGg] j}1flgsx¿sf]
dfGotf /x]sf] 5 . oL xfdf]g{ x¿sf] cgj/t ;|fj d"nfwf/
rqmsf] hfu/0f ePdf dfq ;Dej x'g] b]lvG5 .
d"nfwf/ rqm hfu/0f k|lqmof M
– d"nfwf/ rqmdf l:yt rf/ bndf /x]sf k|To]s aLh
dGqsf] lg/Gt/ hkaf6 Ps Ps bn hfu[t ub}{
d"nfwf/ rqmsf] hfu/0f ug{ ;lsG5 .
– d"nfwf/ rqmsf] dWodf l:yt d"n aLh dGq ‘n+’sf]
lg/Gt/ hkaf6 klg d"nfwf/ rqmsf] hfu/0f ug{
;lsG5 .
– hfu/0fsf nflu plrt ;dosf] cGt/fndf k~rsd{
tyf z/L/ zf]wgsf lqmofx¿ h:t} g]lt, Bf}lt, jdg,
j:tL, /]rg cflb lqmofx¿ ;DkGg ug'{kb{5 .
– ;b\u'?af6 s'08lngL hfu/0f bLIff tyf ;fwgfaf6
44
–
–
–
–
hfu/0f ug{ ;lsG5 .
of}lus lqmofx¿sf] lg/Gt/ cEof;af6 . h:t}M
ljz]]if u/L el:qsf k|f0ffofd, gf8Lzf]wg k|f0ffofd
tyf d"nfwf/ rqmdf k|efj k'¥ofpg] of]uf;gx¿sf]
lg/Gt/ cEof;af6 klg o; rqmsf] hfu/0f ug{
;lsG5 .
WofgfTds ljlwdf cfkm"nfO{ ;lhnf] nfUg] cf;g
h;df kßf;g / l;4f;g pTs[i6 dflgG5, cflbdWo]
Pp6f cf;gdf a;]/ ;b\u'?x¿af6 k|fKt Wofgsf]
ljlwx¿sf] lg/Gt/ / ljlwjt\ cEof;af6 o; rqmsf]
hfu/0f ug{ ;lsG5 .
;b\u'?x¿af6 k|fKt dGq ;fwgfsf] k|lqmofaf6 klg
hfu/0f ug{ ;lsG5 .
;b\u'? tyf b]jLb]jtfx¿nfO{ v'zL agfpg] ;/n
dfWod eg]sf] u'? ;]jf xf] . u'? ;]jfsf] dfWodaf6
;b\u?' x¿nfO{ v'zL agfP/ ;f]´} pxfFx¿sf] s[kfaf6,
zlQmkft lqmofaf6 klg rqm hfu/0f ;xh x'G5 .
qmdzM ho u'?b]j ¤
k|frLg u"9 ljBfx¿sf] k|fdfl0fs
k|of]u / ljz]if hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{
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vf]hL vf]hL k9f}“ .
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ax'pkof]uL kmn
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dflgPsf] kfOG5 . c+u'/sf] :jfb, o;n] lbg] t[lKt cflbsf]
cg'ej gug]{ dflg; ;dfhdf zfob sd} xf]nfg\ .
o;sf] :jfb dfq xf]Og pkof]u / k|of]ux¿ klg Tolt
g} dxŒjk"0f{ / ;'Gb/ 5g\ . k|frLg cfo'j]{b lj1fgdf t
o;sf] j0f{g 5Fb}5 t/ cfw'lgs j}1flgs k|of]uzfnfdf
klg o;sf] af/]df w]/} cg';Gwfg eO;s]sf 5g\ . o;df
kfOg] /;folgs tŒjx¿ / logLx¿sf] sfo{x¿sf af/]df
gofF tYox¿ klg km]nf k/]sf 5g\ . cfo'j]{bsf] k|d'v
u|Gy r/s ;+lxtfdf elgPsf] 5–
t[i0ffbfxHj/Zjf;/QmlkQIftIfofg\ .
jftlkQd'bfjt{+ :j/e]b+ dbfTood\ ..
ltQmf:otfdf:ozf]if+ sf;+ rfz' Jokf]xlt .
d[åLsf a[+x0fL j[iof dw'/f l:gUwzLtnf ..
–r=;"= @&÷!@%–!@^
c+u'/n] Kof;, bfx, Hj/, Zjf;, /QmlkQ, p/MIft,
/fhoIdf, jftljsf/, lkQljsf/, pbfjt{, Zj/e]b,
dbfToo, d'vsf] lttf]kgf, d'vsf] ;'Vvfkg / vf]sL nfO{
zL3| 7Ls ub{5 . ;fy} of] a[+x0f -an lbg]_, jLo{ jw{s
x'G5 . /;df dw'/, / jLo{df zLt x'G5 .
b|fIff kmnf]Qdf j[iof rIf'iof ;[i6d"qlj6\ .
:jfb'kfs/;f l:gUwf ;siffof lxdf u'?M ..
lgxGTolgnlkQf;|ltQmf:oTjdbfToofg\ .
t[i0ffsf;>dZjf;:j/e]bIftIfofg\ .. – c=X=;"=^
b|fIff cyf{t\ c+u'/ kmnx¿df pQd x'G5 . of]
jLo{jw{s, g]q lxtsf/L 5, dnd"qnfO{ /fd|f];Fu lgisf;g
u5{ . o;sf] /; dw'/ x'G5 . of] l:gUw, siffo, zLt /
u'? u'0fo'Qm x'G5 . jft / lkQ ljsf/, d'vsf] ltQmtf,
dbfToo, t[i0ff, sf;, >d, Zjf;, :j/e]b, Ift / Ifodf
nfe k'¥ofpF5 .
c+u/' sf] j}1flgs gfd Vitis vinifera xf] . of] Vitaceae
s'ncGtu{tsf] hflt xf] . ;+:s[tdf o;nfO{ b|fIff -dgsf]
lk|o_, d[åLsf -h;n] z/L/nfO{ d[b' / l:gUw /fVb5_,
uf]:tgL -ufO{sf] :tgsf] cfsf/sf] kmn_ cflb elgG5 .
lxGbLdf bfv / c+u|]hLdf u|]k elgG5 . o;sf] af]6 nx/f
cfsf/sf] x'G5 . kft ^–* OGr rf}8f Xbofsf/sf] #–&
sf]l0ft jf vl08t / /f]do'Qm x'G5 . km"nx¿ xl/of /
tGq ljz]if
c+u'/
cfo'j]{b
u'R5fo'Qm x'G5g\ . kmn ufO{sf] :tgsf] cfsf/sf u'R5fdf
nfUb5g\ h;df #–% aLhx¿ x'G5g\ .
/f;folgs ;+u7g M
kmndf Un'sf]h, 6f6]{l/s Pl;8, ;fOl6«s Pl;8,
Doflns Pl;8, ;f]l8od / kf]6fl;od Snf]/fO8,
kf]6fl;od ;Nkm]6, DofUg]lzod, lkm6ls/L, nf}x, PNa'ldg
cflb kfOG5g\ sfFrf] kmndf cShflns Pl;8 klg
kfOG5 .
u'0f M cfo'j]{bsf u|Gyx¿df j0f{g ul/Pcg';f/
o;sf] kmn l:gUw, u'?, d[b', /; dw'/, ljkfs dw'/ /
jLo{ zLt x'G5 .
k|of]Ho c+u– d"n¿kdf o;sf] kmn cTolws k|of]u
ul/G5 . ;fy} kq, sf08 / km"nsf] k|of]u klg k|of]u
ul/Psf] kfOG5 . kqsf] k|of]u d"q lj/]rg, 5fnfsf]
/f]u, lkm/·L / kfON; /f]udf ul/G5 . sf08sf] v/fgL
xf8hf]gL{ b'v]df / kfON;df k|of]u ul/G5 . k'iksf]
k|of]u os[t\ ljsf/, /QmfNktf, dlxgfjf/Lsf] u8a8L,
Zjf;sf; cflb /f]udf k|of]u ul/G5 .
c+u'/;DaGwL s]xL dxŒjk"0f{ cg';Gwfgx? M
!= d'6'sf] /f]udf– c+u'/af6 agfOPsf] /S;Lsf]
;Lldt dfqfsf] ;]jgn] d'6u' t /f]udf kmfObf k'¥ofpg] s'/f
j}1flgsx¿sf] cg';Gwfgn] atfPsf] 5 . c+u'/df kfOg]
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k|foM Hj/, ;Gtfk, t[i0ff, bfx cflb ljsf/x¿df a9L
k|of]u ul/G5 .
ljleGg cf}iflw sDkgLx¿n] b|fIffaf6 lgld{t
cf}iflwx¿ lgsfn]sf kfOG5g\ . ltgLx¿df ljz]if u/L
b|fIffl/i6, b|fIfflbSjfy, b|fIfflbn]x, b|fIff3[t a9L pkof]uL
5g\ . logLx¿ k|of]u lrlsT;ssf] k/fdzf{g';f/ ug{
;lsG5 . dfly atfOPsf ljsf/x¿df k|foM cfÇgf] kfrg
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tfGqf]Qm ljGWojfl;gL xjg
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nflu ;b\u'?b]jx¿sf] r/0fsdndf ;elQm k|fy{gf ub}{ zf]s
;GtKt kl/jf/hgk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf JoQm ub{5f}F .
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48
xflb{s >4f~hln
:j= 6]sgfy of]uL
uf]/vfl:yt u'? uf]/vgfy dlGb/sf
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ePsf]df lbj+ut cfTdfsf] lr/ zflGtsf
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sf]l6 k|fy{gf ub{5f}F .
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xflb{s s[t1tf ck{0f ub{5f}F .
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;fg'sfhL dxh{g ÷ lgd{nf dxh{g
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dlGb/ xf] . oxfF ul/Psf] efsn k"/f x'g] ljZjf; ul/G5 .
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5.
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o; ;Dks{ sfof{nosf lgoldt ultljlwcGtu{t
k|To]s lbg ck/fÅg #M)) ah] o; cf>d v'Ng] ub{5 .
b}lgs ;fF´ % ah] lbJo u'? cf/tL ;DkGg x'G5 .
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;+rfng x'g] cfzf ug{ ;lsG5 .
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agfpg o; ;Dks{ sfof{nosf] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xg]
s'/fdf ljZj:t x'g ;lsG5 .
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lbJo u'? dxf]T;j
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ePsf] pQm sfo{qmdsf] z'ef/De laxfg !)M!% ah] k|fy{gf tyf uf]/If
lglvn :tjgsf] kf7af6 ePsf] lyof] . b'O{ r/0fdf ljeflht pQm sfo{qmd
ck/fÅg #M#) ;Dd ;~rfng ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] klxnf]r/0fdf
u'? k"hg, dGqhk, xjg, cf/tL cflb qmdx¿ ;DkGg ePsf lyP eg]
bf];|f] r/0fcGtu{t ehgsLt{g, g[To, k|jrg cflb qmdx¿ /x]sf lyP .
sfo{qmddf k"hg ug]{ ;f}efUo k|;fb ljt/0fsf] cleef/f jxg ub}{ rl08sf
yfkf, u+ufnIdL zfxL tyf gjljjflxt bDklt xl/ e§/fO{ / nIdL e§/fO{n]
k|fKt ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmdsf] bf];|f] r/0f u'?;]jf bnsf ;b:o ;fws ljho zfxLsf]
:jfut–dGtJoaf6 z'? ePsf] lyof] . k|jrg Pj+ :jjrgsf] qmddf ;fj/kGyL
@ sf ;b:on] Ift, d"9, ljR5]b, Psfu| / lg?4 u/L dgsf ljleGg kfFr
cj:yfsf] af/]df ljljw hfgsf/L lbg'ePsf] lyof] . r}q dlxgfdf ;DkGg x'g]
ljz]if u'? dGq xjg ;fwgfsf] af/]df klg pxfFn] pQm cj;/df hfgsf/L
u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] .
o;}} qmddf ;fj/kGyL ! sf ;b:on] dgsf] Psfu|tfsf] af/]df hf]8
lbFb} dgnfO{ ;'bz{g rqmsf] ;+1f lbg'ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] eGg'ePsf] lyof]—
dgsf] Psfu|tfaf6 g} eujfg\ s[i0fn] lglb{i6 sfo{ ;DkGg u/fpg'x'GYof]
h;nfO{ ;'bz{g rqm eg]/ lrlgG5 . dgnfO{ t/ nufpg] ePsfn] dGqnfO{
dg\t/\ klg eGb5g\ . cfkm"df d o:tf], d p:tf] eGg] 3d08 -;fg_ /x];Dd
cfkm}Fleq d;fg -d ;fg_ /xg] ljifodf klg pxfFn] k|sfz kfg'{ePsf] lyof] .
dgsf] Psfu|tfsf] ljifodf ‘Wofgfjl:yt tb\ut]g dg;f kZolGt o+ of]lugf]’
Znf]snfO{ k|i6\ofpFb} pxfFn] k|of]ufTds¿kdf çsf/ Wofg klg ;DkGg
u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] .
b]z ljb]zdf ;+:yfcGtu{t /x]sf ;Dks{ sfof{nox¿, OsfO{x¿df klg
ljljw sfo{qmdsf ;fy lbJo u'? dxf]T;j dgfOPsf] lyof] .
dxflzj/flq k"hg
k/dk"Ho ;b\u'?b]jx¿sf] c;Ld s[kf, cg'sDkf Pj+ cfzLjf{b:j¿k ut
df3 @( ut] dxflzj/flqsf] lbgdf l;4f>d zlQm g]kfncGtu{tsf ljleGg
;Dks{ sfof{nox¿df dxflzj/flq k"hg sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/of] . k"hg sfo{qmd
laxfg * ah] z'ef/De ePsf] lyof] . :t'lt jGbgf, u'? k"hg, lzj k"hg, Wofg,
cf/tL cflb qmdx¿ k"hgsf] qmddf ;DkGg ePsf lyP .
uf]/If lglvn jf0fL, @)^^ r}q
ehgsLt{g tyf :jf:Yo lzlj/
ut df3 @( ut] dxflzj/flqsf] kfjg lbgdf
ljutsf jif{x¿df ´}F l;4f>d zlQm g]kfnn] kz'klt
If]qdf :jf:Yo lzlj/ tyf ehgsLt{g sfo{qmdsf]
cfof]hgf u¥of] . pQm sfo{qmd laxfg !) ah] z'ef/De
ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf kz'klt bz{gfy{ cfpg'ePsf
w]/} eQmhgx¿n] k|fylds :jf:Yo ;]jf k|fKt ug'{ePsf]
lyof] eg] lbge/h:tf] g} rn]sf] ehgsLt{gdf g[To ub}{
d:tLdf ´'Dg]x¿sf] ;+Vof klg sd lyPg . sfo{qmddf
;fj/kGyL ! / @ tyf ;fj/dft[sf ;b:oHo"x¿sf] klg
pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf a]n'sL % ah] cf/tL
klg ul/Psf] lyof] .
lzj/flqsf] cj;/df z+vd"ndf ehgsLt{g
dxflzj/flqs} cj;/ kf/]/ l;4f>d zlQm s]Gb|
;Dks{ sfof{no nlntk'/ tyf jfudtL ;]jf ;ldltsf]
;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf ut df3 @( ut] z+vd"ndf /x]sf]
gf/fo0f dlGb/ k|f+u0fdf ehgsLt{g sfo{qmd ;DkGg
eof] . sfo{qmd laxfg !!M#) af6 z'ef/De ePsf]
lyof] h;df u'? k"hg, lzj k"hg, cf/tLsf] qmdkl5
lbge/h;f] g} ehgsLt{g tyf g[Tosf] qmd rn]sf] lyof] .
sfo{qmddf k|:t't g[To pkl:yt eQmhgx¿sf] ljz]if
cfsif{0f /Åof] .
ljzfngu/df ehgsLt{g
l;4f>d zlQm s] G b| k| : tfljt ;Dks{ sfof{ n o
ljzfngu/ / :yfgLo dgdfg]Zj/L o'jf Snasf] ;+o'Qm
cfof]hgfdf dgdfg]Zj/L dlGb/ kl/;/df ut df3 @(
ut] ehgsLt{g sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . dxflzj/flqsf]
cj;/ kf/]/ ;DkGg ul/Psf] pQm sfo{qmd laxfg &M#)
ah]af6 z'? ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf :yfgLo jf;Lx¿sf]
pNn]Vo ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
cf=;=s]= ynLn] dgfof] bf];|f] jflif{sf]T;j
l;4f>d zlQm s]Gb| cf/tL ;+rfng s]Gb| ynLsf]
bf];|f] jflif{sf]T;j ut kmfu'g @ ut] ehgsLt{gsf ;fy
eJo¿kdf ;DkGg u¥of] . lbpF;f] ! ah] z'ef/De ePsf]
sfo{qmddf ;Dks{ sfof{no tLgs'g,] cf/tL ;+rfng s]Gb|
l;gfdËn, k'tnL;8sn] klg g[To / ehg k|:t't u/]sf
lyP . :yfgLo JolQmx¿sf] 7"nf] ;xeflutfaLr ;DkGg
pQm sfo{qmddf :yfgLo a'l4hLjLn] klg cWofTdljifodf
af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] .
tGq ljz]if
cf>d ultljlw
u'?;]jf bnsf] t]x|f}“ tflnd ;DkGg
l;4f>d zlQm s]Gb|n] ut kmfNu'0f @) / @! ut]
lålbj;Lo¿kdf u'?;]jf bn txsf nflu t]x|f}F tflnd tyf
k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd ;DkGg u¥of] . tk:ofd"ns ¿kdf /x]sf]
o; tflnddf k|fKt ljifoj:t'x? k[ys\ /x]sf lyP .
b'j} lbgsf] sfo{qmd laxfg !)M)) ah] k|fy{gfaf6
z'ef/De eO{ lglvn]Zj/fgGb :t'lt, uf]/If :tjg, u'?
cfÅjfg ehgkl5 k"hg ;DkGg ePkZrft\ cfjfxofdL
:tf]q, ;lRrbfgGb :tjg, lglvn :tjg, u'? :tjg, l;4f>d
k~rs, u'? :tf]q cflb ;fd"lxs¿kdf ufog ul/Psf]
lyof] . ;b\u'?b]j 8f= gf/fo0fbQ >LdfnLHo"n] cfÇgf]
cjt/0fsfndf lbg'ePsf k|]d;DaGwL k|jrg klg b'j} lbg
;'gfOPsf] lyof] . tflnddf k|;fb ljt/0fsf] cleef/f jxg
ub}{ u'? k"hg ug]{ ;f}efUo ;flwsfx¿ ;'ldqf nfdf, dw'dtL
/+lht, zf/bf k'8f;}gL, uLtf s]=;L=, nLnfb]jL l;Dv8f,
cf/tL ;'g'jf/ tyf ;fwsx? a[x:klt ;fksf]6f / d]3/fh
l3ld/]n] k|fKt ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ub}{ ;fj/dft[sfHo"n] ljleGg
36gfqmdx¿sf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpFb} lj;+ultx¿af6
aRg sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ ;ts{ u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] . k|lzIf0fs}
qmddf ;fj/ kGyL ! / @ Ho"n] ljleGg ;+:yfut ljifox¿sf
af/] hfgsf/L u/fpFb} sfo{stf{sf k|Zg tyf lh1f;fx¿
;dfwfg ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] u'? dGqhk tyf ljz]if Wofg
klg ;DkGg u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] .
uf]/If lglvn o'usf nflu Ifdtfjfg\ sfo{stf{x¿
lgdf{0f x'g\ eGgfsf nflu sfo{stf{df ljBdfg cx+sf/sf]
gfz ub}{ dfqfaf6 u'0fdf km8\sf] dfg'k{ g]{ u'? cfb]z adf]lhd
u'? ;]jf bnsf ljleGg kf]zfs / gDa/x¿ ;f]xL lbgaf6
vf/]h ePsf] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof] . Wofg, of]u, cfo'jb{] ,
cfgGb dfu{, Hof]ltif, tGq dGq / ;+uLtsf ljwfx¿df
bIftf xfl;n u/L cfufdL lbgdf ;f]xL ljwfx?;Fu ;DalGwt
/+usf kf]zfsx¿ nufP/ u'?sfo{ ub}{ dflyNnf] txdf hfg
;lsg] s'/f klg hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof] .
o; tflndkZrft\ sfo{stf{x¿df a]Un} pT;fx / pd+u
5fPsf] b]lvGYof] .
xf]nLdf xf]lnsf olIf0fL d+q
k/dk"Ho ;b\u'?b]jx¿sf] s[kf, cg'sDkfjz ut
kmfNu'0f !^ ut] kmfu' k"l0f{dfsf] kfjg cj;/df l;4f>d
zlQm s]Gb|n] xf]lnsf olIf0fL dGq k|bfg u¥of] . ;fws
;flwsfx¿n] pQm lbg k|fKt dGqnfO{ hk u/]/ xf]nLnfO{
ljz]if¿kdf pknlAwd"ns agfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
51
hf“bf hf“b}
. >L u'? r/0fsdn]Eof] gdM .
;j{ljlbt} 5, cfh ;dfh lbzfljxLg eO/x]sf] 5 . ljZjel/ g} 5n, em"6, :jfy{,
czflGtsf] laulauL 5 . cg]sf}F ef}lts pknlAwx¿ xfFl;n u/]tf klg cfhsf] dfgj
b'MvL 5 lsgls p;sf] rf/}tkm{ ;Gqf;sf] jftfj/0f 5 .
/fd|f] ;dfh lgdf{0f ug{sf] nflu sf]lzz t ljZjel/ g} eO/x]sf] 5 . o;sf] nflu
w]/} ;+3 ;+:yf sfo{/t 5g\ . c;n gful/ssf] pTkfbgsf] nflu ljZjel/ g} cgluGtL
ljBfno, ljZjljBfno sfo{/t 5g\ . t/ klg oL ;a} k|of; ljkmn eO/x]sf 5g\ .
ljZjJofkL¿kdf g} eO/x]sf] k|of; ;kmn x'g g;Sg'sf] k5fl8 sf/0f t cjZo g} 5 .
/ of] Pp6} sf/0f xf] cfWoflTds lzIffsf] cefj . cfWoflTds lzIff g} cfhsf] ljZjsf]
cfjZostf xf] . cfWoflTdstflagfsf] lzIff ck"0f{ x'G5 . ck"0f{ lzIffsf] pTkfbg klg
ck"0f{ x'G5 / o;af6 g} ;Dk"0f{ ljZj ck"0f{ alg/x]sf] 5 . cfhsf] lzIffn] aflx/L hut\
sf s'/f l;sfO/x]sf] 5, Go"6g / cfOG;6fOgsf pknlAw 3f]sfO/x]sf] 5 . oL s'/fx¿sf]
klg ;fob cfjZostf 5 t/ cfkm" :jo+nfO{ k9\g cem a9L cfjZo 5 . cfhsf] lzIff
k4lt o;sf/0f cw"/f] 5 ls o;n] JolQm :jo+nfO{ k9\g l;sfPsf] 5}g .
cWofTd eg]sf] cfTdfsf] cWoog xf], cfkm" :jo+sf] cWoog xf] . dflg; z/L/ dfq
xf]Og, cfTdf klg xf] . aflx/L hut\sf] cWoogsf] ;fy;fy} cfkm\gf] cfTdfsf] cWoog klg
cfjZos aGb5 . k|To]s JolQmleq ckl/ldt zlQm /x]sf] x'G5 . k|To]s JolQm :jo+df g}
…kfj/ xfp;Ú xf] . t/ s:t'/L d[unfO{ cfkm"leq ;'uGw ePsf] yfxf geP em}F dflg;nfO{
klg of] s'/fsf] cfefif g} ePsf] 5}g . cfefif xf]];\ klg s;/L < lsgls cfhsf] lzIff
k4ltn] t of] s'/f l;sfPsf] g} 5}g .
hut\df …u'?x¿sf] cl:tTj 5, O{Zj/sf] cl:tTj 5 / pxfFx¿sf] zlQmaf6 g} ;f/f
;[li6, hut\ rnfodfg 5Ú of] ljZjf; dfqn] klg JolQm anjfg\ aGb5 pxfFx¿k|lt b[9
ljZjf; /fvL ha pm of]u, Wofg, dGq, ;fwgf cflb cfWoflTds dfu{x¿df cu|;/ x'G5
ta dfq p;nfO{ cfkm"leqsf] c;Lldt zlQmsf] cfef; x'g yfNb5 / :jefljs¿kdf
p;sf] zlQmsf] klg hfu/0f x'g yfNb5 .
cfkm" :jo+nfO{ lrg]/ cWofTd dfu{df cl3 a9]sf] dflg; dfqn] zflGt k|fKt ub{5 /
o:tf] dflg;n] g} ljZjnfO{ zflGt lbg ;S5 . cfkm\gf] ckf/ cGtlg{lxt zlQmnfO{ a'em]sf]
dlg;n] dfq ljZjnfO{ gjLg r]tgf lbg ;S5 .
t;y{, cfWoflTds lzIff cfhsf] o'usf] cTofjZostf xf] . k|To]s ljBfno,
ljZjljBfnodf cfWoflTds lzIff ;dfj]z ug'{ cfhsf] o'usf] cTofjZos sbd ePsf]
5 . / o; sbdn] agfpg ;Sb5 ljZjnfO{ ;'Gb/, zfGt / ;'vdo . c:t' .
52
uf]/Ifuf]lglvn
/If lglvn
jf0fL,jf0fL,
@)^^@)^^
kmfNu'r}0qf
cf>d ultljlw
!
@
#
$
%
^
&
*
(
!)
!!
!@
!#
!$
!%
!–%M u'?;]jf bnsf] t]x|f}“ tflnd tyf k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd ^–&M dxflzj/flqsf] cj;/df a;'Gw/f cf>ddf ;DkGg lzj k"hg sfo{qmd. *–!)M
kz'kltdf ;DkGg :jf:Yo lzlj/ tyf ehgsLt{g sfo{qmd . !!M ljzfngu/df ;DkGg ehgsLt{g sfo{qmd. !@M ynLdf cfof]lht ehgsLt{g
sfo{qmd. !#M z+vd"ndf cfof]lht k"hg Pj+ ehgsLt{g sfo{qmd. !$–!%M uf]=lg=Hof]=lb=lj=df ;DkGg lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo lzlj/ .
. . ç gdf] u'? dl5Gb|, zAb ;f“rf
lk08 sfrf d]/f elQm, u'?sf zlQm
gjgfy} hufç, rf}/fifLgfy} hufç
km"/f] d+q O{Zj/f] u'? uf]/v jfrf . .
uf]= x'= sf= b= g+= (÷)^)÷^!
sf= lh= b= g+= &)÷)%^
b'n{e u|Gyx¿sf] cWoog u/f}“ .
dfgj hLjgnfO{ wGo agfcf}“ ..