OverDRiVE Moving Networks
Achievements and Perspectives
Alexandru Petrescu
Edge Networking Research Lab (ENRL)
Motorola Labs - Paris
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Alex Petrescu • 8 Mar 2004
General Business Information • OverDRiVE Moving Networks • page 1
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office.
All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Contents
• IST OverDRiVE Project
– At a Glance
– Achievements
• Network Mobility
–
–
–
–
Basics
Multicast
Unsolved Issues
RO Problem Space
• Videos of connected vehicle demo
Alex Petrescu • 8 Mar 2004
General Business Information • OverDRiVE Moving Networks • page 2
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office.
All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2004.
At a Glance
OverDRiVE: a 2-year project of the IST 5th Framework Programme
(European Union research for the Information Society Technologies);
• Industrial and Academic partners;
• Work Package 3 (Mobile Router):
– Vehicular networks connected to the IPv6 Internet;
– Motorola, DaimlerChrysler and University of Bonn.
• Work Package 2 (Multicast and Group Management)
– Multicast delivery to clients inside moving networks;
– Group management, Digital Video Broadcasting to vehicular moving networks.
http://www.ist-overdrive.org
Alex Petrescu • 8 Mar 2004
General Business Information • OverDRiVE Moving Networks • page 3
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office.
All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Main OverDRiVE Achievements
• Achievements in focus:
– Contributions to IETF Moving Networks concepts;
– Internet Draft on experiments (IETF 58);
– Wireless Multimedia Car demonstrator:
• In-vehicular Mobile Router, PDA, wireless;
– MR and HA implementations with LIVSIX IPv6 stack;
– Multicast Listener Discovery implementation for moving networks;
– Network Access Control concepts.
• Other:
– Group management for moving networks (WP2).
– Co-existence and DSA, reconfigurability, multicast UMTS, asymmetric UMTS (WP1).
Alex Petrescu • 8 Mar 2004
General Business Information • OverDRiVE Moving Networks • page 4
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office.
All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Mobile IPv6-based moving networks
• Mobile IPv6 uses a bi-directional tunnel between
Mobile Host and HA in order to simulate the
presence of MH at home
• Moving networks based on Mobile IPv6:
–
–
–
–
–
use a Mobile Router (MR) instead of a MH
maintain the bi-directional tunnel between MR and HA
modify HA behavior
modify router behavior
no modifications to BU format
• Several mobility scenarios fully supported:
–
–
–
simple mobile network
mobile host and mobile network
in addition: nested mobile networks
Alex Petrescu • 8 Mar 2004
General Business Information • OverDRiVE Moving Networks • page 5
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office.
All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Terminology
•
MR: Mobile Router
•
BR: Border Router Connects the MR‘s home domain to the Internet.
•
AR: Access Router MR‘s point of attachment when not at home.
•
HA: Home Agent
Forwards packets to MR when not at home.
•
LFN: Local Fixed Node Mobility unaware node.
•
CN: Correspondent Node Communication peer in the Internet.
Alex Petrescu • 8 Mar 2004
General Business Information • OverDRiVE Moving Networks • page 6
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How things happen: moving network at home
CN
HA
AR2
BR
Internet
Internet
Moving
Network
MR
LFN
AR1
CN
BR
MR
LFN
Routing to/from
Local Fixed Node
of Moving Network
at Home
Alex Petrescu • 8 Mar 2004
General Business Information • OverDRiVE Moving Networks • page 7
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All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Moving Network in a Foreign Network
CN
HA
AR2
BR
Internet
MR
LFN
MR
LFN
AR1
Routing to/from
Local Fixed Node
of Moving Network
at Access Router 2 (AR2)
Alex Petrescu • 8 Mar 2004
General Business Information • OverDRiVE Moving Networks • page 8
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Moving
Network
Bidirectional tunnel setup
CN
HA
(Home Agent
of Mobile Router)
AR2
BR
Internet
MR
LFN
AR1
HA
BR
AR
RA
BU
BAck
MR
Mobile
Network
1. Router
Advertisement
2. Binding
Update
3. Binding
Acknowledgement
4. Tunnel Ready
Alex Petrescu • 8 Mar 2004
General Business Information • OverDRiVE Moving Networks • page 9
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All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2004.
CN
CN-LFN exchanges
HA
AR2
BR
Internet
CN
HA
BR
AR
MR
LFN
MR
LFN
AR1
AR
Alex Petrescu • 8 Mar 2004
General Business Information • OverDRiVE Moving Networks • page 10
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All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2004.
MR
LFN
Mobile
Network
Simple nested mobility
CN
HA
AR2
BR
Moving
Network
Internet
MR
LFN
AR1
MH
Mobile
Host (MH) joins
Moving Network
Alex Petrescu • 8 Mar 2004
General Business Information • OverDRiVE Moving Networks • page 11
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Different Home Agents for MH and MR
MH-HA
CN
MR-HA
AR2
BR
Internet
MR
AR1
MH
Alex Petrescu • 8 Mar 2004
General Business Information • OverDRiVE Moving Networks • page 12
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LFN
Multicast for Moving Networks: Rationale
CN Multicast
Source
HA
•
Multicast
Traffic
BR
Scenarios
–
InternetInternet
–
Mass software delivery/upgrade to a fleet of
vehicles
Passengers participating in group
communications (audio/video streaming or
conferencing)
AR1
•
MR-HA tunnel
Delivering IPv6 Multicast to IVAN
through the MR-HA tunnel is:
–
–
MR
•
Remote Subscription at MR
–
LFN
Multicast
Receiver
FR1
Sub-optimal: routing, radio resources
Avoidable: multicast addressing
–
Collect group membership information from
within the IVAN
Allow for optimal routing within the IVAN
Moving Network
Alex Petrescu • 8 Mar 2004
General Business Information • OverDRiVE Moving Networks • page 13
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Multicast for Moving Networks in OverDRiVE
CN Multicast
Source
HA
BR
Multicast
Traffic
Internet
• MLD-based Multicast Forwarding
within the IVAN (MLD-proxying)
– draft-ietf-magma-igmp-proxy-04.txt
• MLD-based Remote Subscription
between MR and visited network
Join
Multicast
Router AR1
• Advantages:
MR
FR1
–
–
–
–
Enable global mobility in the Internet
Optimal routing, even with nested MRs
Per-flow handover
Compatibility with seamless RS-based
mobile multicast designed for MN
– Independent of base nemo support
– Easy to implement
Moving
Network
FR2
FR3
LFN
FR4
Multicast
Receiver
MLD Report
• Well-suited for Vehicles
MLD Report
Upstream interface (MLD host part)
Downstream interface (MLD router part)
Multicast Traffic
Multicast Routing Protocol Signalling
– small to medium networks
Alex Petrescu • 8 Mar 2004
General Business Information • OverDRiVE Moving Networks • page 14
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office.
All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Unsolved Issues of Network Mobility Support
• Disconnected operation issue [Deering, Narten], [Petrescu et al.]
• “Cross-over” tunnels problem [Petrescu et al.]
• “RA Confliction” problem [Cho, Paik], [Arkko]
• Multi-homing: a different kind of problem [Ernst, many]
• Unoptimal (looong) paths [many]
Alex Petrescu • 8 Mar 2004
General Business Information • OverDRiVE Moving Networks • page 15
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All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Disconnected operation issue
•
LFN1 communicates to LFN2, but with the HA‘s help;
•
If MR1 is disconnected, LFN1 no longer communicates to LFN2
(even if MR1 and MR2 connected)
1
2
AR
AR
LFN1
MR1
OK
MR2
LFN2
LFN1
MR1
NOK
MR2
LFN2
Alex Petrescu • 8 Mar 2004
General Business Information • OverDRiVE Moving Networks • page 16
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All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2004.
“Cross-over” tunnels problem
•
•
“Mobile HA” is a HA inside the moving network
After step 3, the tunnel between MR2 and HA2 can not be set up (if it were, its
endpoints would have crossed-over)
CN
CN
HA2
HA2
1
BR
MR2
AR
BR
MR2
LFN2
AR
2
LFN2
MR1
LFN1
LFN1
HA1
HA1
MR1
CN
HA2
BR
AR
3
MR1
simple
MR1
encapsulated
MR1
MR2
LFN1
MR1
LFN2
HA1
HA1
MR2
HA1
Alex Petrescu • 8 Mar 2004
General Business Information • OverDRiVE Moving Networks • page 17
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cross-over HA1
HA2
Why paths are unoptimal with Mobile IPv6?
•
•
•
•
•
Start with a Mobile IPv6-free Internet;
Routes at the core Internet are unstable due to link failures;
The animation illustrates the instability over a 2-year time-span;
We do not want to add more instability due to mobility;
Especially since there are potentially much more mobile devices than
fixed;
• If we were to allow Mobile Hosts to inject new routes, then we should
allow MR too to inject prefixes; which would be really catastrophic;
• Which leaves us with “triangular” routing; must live with(?).
• Solving the triangular routing problem for mobile hosts involved solving
important security risks.
• Solving it for moving networks is more urgent due to the more important
path “lengthening” when nested moving networks are used.
Alex Petrescu • 8 Mar 2004
General Business Information • OverDRiVE Moving Networks • page 18
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Internet Routes often show instability
Alex Petrescu • 8 Mar 2004
General Business Information • OverDRiVE Moving Networks • page 19
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All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Triangular Paths for Mobile Hosts
CN
CN
•
•
•
•
Triangular paths artificially
involve the home agent.
Distances MH-CN-HA imply
different degrees of
problem.
Rectangular paths involve
two home agents.
Problem upper bounded by
2 levels (rectangular).
HA
HA
MH
MH
HA2
CN
HA
MH
Alex Petrescu • 8 Mar 2004
General Business Information • OverDRiVE Moving Networks • page 20
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All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2004.
MH2
HA1
MH1
N-angular Paths for Moving Networks
CN
HA2
•
•
•
•
•
One-MR case reduces to
one-MH problem
(triangular).
Two-MR case is worse than
two-MH case (disconnected
operation problem).
Cross-over tunnels problem.
Problem expands to n
levels (n-angular).
Intuitive separation into:
–
–
MR
HA
LFN
CN
MR1
LFN
MR2
LFN
HA1
HA2
HA1
HAn
Multi-angular problem for
nested network;
Muti-angular problem for
Home Agents.
Alex Petrescu • 8 Mar 2004
General Business Information • OverDRiVE Moving Networks • page 21
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MR1
LFN
MR2
LFN
MRn
LFN
One Practical Demo: Overall System
World-wide Internet
Home Network
To the World-Wide Internet
Firewall and NAT Gateway
To the World-WideIPv4/IPv6 Internet
Firewall and 6to4 Gateway
PSTN Digital Network
To the World-Wide Internet
Video Streaming
Server
Udptun Gateway
NAT Gateway
DHCP Server
GGSN Box
Additional 802.11b AP
ADSL broadband
WLAN essid: “wixos”
SGSN Box
SGSN Box
DHCP relay
DHCP relay
Home Link
Home Agent
ADSL broadband
HotSpot Coverage
No HotSpot
Coverage
WLAN essid: “wixos”
HotSpot Coverage
Home 802.11b AP
Base Station
Moving Network
GPRS
WLAN managed
Base Station
GPRS Network
GPRS
FrontBox
WLAN
FrontBox
WLAN ad-hoc mode
essid: “ wlan”
essid: “ gprs”
Mobile Router
User Laptop
WLAN ad-hoc mode
Alex Petrescu • 8 Mar 2004
General Business Information • OverDRiVE Moving Networks • page 22
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WLAN HotSpot Network
Dynamics of Address Assignment
•
FrontBoxes and MR change their IPv4 and IPv6 addresses
continuously;
•
User Laptop (LFN) keeps its unique IPv6 address and
applications uninterrupted.
Home 802.11b AP
Additional 802.11b AP
No IPv4 address
IPv6 address1 IPv6 address2
(home address)
Base Station
Base Station
Base Station
IPv4 address1
IPv4 address2
IPv6 address3
Alex Petrescu • 8 Mar 2004
General Business Information • OverDRiVE Moving Networks • page 23
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Base Station
HotSpot Coverage
HotSpot Coverage
IPv4
address3
IPv4
address4
IPv4
address5
IPv6
address4
IPv6
address3
IPv6
address4
Tunnel dynamics
LFN
MR
LFN
MR
BR
BR
BR
BR
HA
CN
BR
BR
CN
Mobile IPv6 Bidir Tunnel
•
CN-to-LFN
communication is
uninterrupted;
•
The path CN-to-LFN
varies between three
states:
–
–
–
LFN
MR
FBox
NAT
FW
UDPGw BR
HA
BR
BR
CN
NAT Traversal Tunnel Mobile IPv6 Bidir Tunnel
Alex Petrescu • 8 Mar 2004
General Business Information • OverDRiVE Moving Networks • page 24
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Direct, nonencapsulated;
Simply encapsulated
by HA;
Doubly encapsulated,
by HA and NAT
traversal.
OverDRiVE Demonstrator, December 2004
Alex Petrescu • 8 Mar 2004
General Business Information • OverDRiVE Moving Networks • page 25
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office.
All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2004.
References
•
•
•
•
IST OverDRiVE Project: http://www.ist-overdrive.org.
IST Mobile Summit Conference Proceedings.
IETF NEMO WG: http://www.mobilenetworks.org/nemo.
The Bibliography on TCP/IP Mobility.
Alex Petrescu • 8 Mar 2004
General Business Information • OverDRiVE Moving Networks • page 26
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office.
All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2004.
Thank you
• Thanks for your attention (domo
arigato).
• With multicast contributions from
Christophe Janneteau.
• Edge Networking Research Lab:
Hong-Yon Lach (lab manager).
• Motorola Labs in Paris, France.
• Questions?
Alex Petrescu • 8 Mar 2004
General Business Information • OverDRiVE Moving Networks • page 27
MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office.
All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © Motorola, Inc. 2004.