Existing
10 Utilisation
(one of seven sites)
(main)
Benchmarking:
In discussion with the Working Group
six universities were identified as useful
comparators for Leicester. This
illustration shows the six campus sites
drawn at the same scale as Central
campus and Freemen’s Common.
Perhaps the most interesting site is the
London School of Economics site off the
Aldwych in London, which has a similar
number of on-campus students
students as Leicester, but a significantly
smaller campus size.
Some of the other campus sites here
aerial photographs courtesy of Google Earth
which look much larger have areas of
green (unbuilt) space within their
boundary, whereas Leicester is
surrounded by green land.
70
University of Leicester Development Framework Plan 2008
Space - 1
hectares - non residential
nia:gia ratio
As part of this project the University
600
1.2
seeks to understand how its use of
500
1
400
0.8
space compares with best practice,
comparable institutions and
government guidelines, and thus
300
how it can make improvements in
200
the future to the way in which the
100
estate is used and ensure that
resources are used optimally.
Existing
10 Utilisation
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
The tables on this and the next
seven pages show information
extracted from a database
accessible to all higher educations
institutions in England and how
Leicester (in red) compares with six
others: Imperial College London,
the Universities of Birmingham,
Gross internal area M2
Manchester, Southampton and
Sheffield and the London School of
Economics.
The comparison can only ever be as
good as the information that has
been entered by the institutions,
but we would suggest that Leicester
compares reasonably well on most
parameters.
Following the tables we review the
700,000
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
NIA non residential m2
400,000
350,000
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
information available on space
standards from various sources (or
‘norms’ and how Leicester appears
to compare with them. We also have
made an attempt to calculate the
amount of space the University
should theoretically need according
to a space model prepared by the
Space Management Group (defined
later).
University of Leicester Development Framework Plan 2008
71
Existing
72
10 Utilisation
University of Leicester Development Framework Plan 2008
Space - 2
Efficiency: This drawing (left) is
GIA/FTE student (non residential) m2
40.00
35.00
30.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
nia:gia ratio non residential
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
Existing
10 Utilisation
generated quite simplistically
and merely takes the University’s
figures for gross and net floor
areas and divides one by the
other.
It produces an interesting result,
and perhaps not what might
Wilson Building appears to
perform well compared to the
more recent Henry Wellcome
Building, for example. This could
mean that the HWB is inefficient
or that the CWB is too cramped.
We suggest this should be used
to stimulate further discussion
within the University about what
Listed buildings as % of GIA (non-resid)
NIA/FTE student (non residential) m2
have been expected: the Charles
35.00
30.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
18.00%
16.00%
14.00%
12.00%
10.00%
8.00%
6.00%
4.00%
2.00%
0.00%
sorts of buildings best serve the
University rather than be used to
condemn certain buildings as
‘inefficient’: it may be that the
additional circulation and
ancillary space in ‘looser’
buildings conceals informal
contact, teaching and learning
that is essential to the way a
higher education community
works.
University of Leicester Development Framework Plan 2008
73
Existing
10 Utilisation
Teaching NIA as % of total NIA (non resid)
45.00%
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
Catering NIA as % of whole
4.50%
4.00%
3.50%
3.00%
2.50%
2.00%
1.50%
1.00%
0.50%
0.00%
Research NIA as % of total NIA (non-residential)
45.00%
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
Space - 3
74
University of Leicester Development Framework Plan 2008
Student headcount total
Number of total FTE students
35000
45000
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
Number of total staff (non residential)
10000
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Future
10 Utilisation
Number of academic staff
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
People
University of Leicester Development Framework Plan 2008
75
Existing
10 Utilisation
Money
HEI income total
HEI expenditure total
£700,000
£600,000
£500,000
£400,000
£300,000
£200,000
£100,000
£0
£700,000
£600,000
£500,000
£400,000
£300,000
£200,000
£100,000
£0
and
car parking
Facilities & total property costs/ FTE student
(all)
£5,000
£4,500
£4,000
£3,500
£3,000
£2,500
£2,000
£1,500
£1,000
£500
£0
76
FTE students: car park space (non residential
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
University of Leicester Development Framework Plan 2008
Number of car parking spaces (non residential)
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Occ/Freq rate as % of core teaching NIA
Utilisation rate teaching space (Occ x Freq)
120%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Energy consumption kW/h / FTE student (all)
Energy consumption kW/h / FTE student (non residential)
30000
25000
25000
20000
20000
Existing
10 Utilisation
15000
15000
10000
10000
5000
5000
0
0
Utilisation / energy
University of Leicester Development Framework Plan 2008
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Existing
10 Utilisation
SMG Space Need Indicator Framework
Using the Framework for Central Campus
Background:
SEH has used the SMG model to generate some outputs from the Space Needs Indicator
The UK Higher Education Space Management Group (SMG) is a project supported by the four
and a number of assumptions (listed below). The sheets were completed on a faculty basis
guidelines and tools to help deliver effective space management. It has carried out research
and Sports facilities were not included within the framework.
framework. The data inputted into the framework consisted of the best information available
UK funding bodies (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland) which aims to develop
and produced several reports which deal with:
along with further sheets for Library & IT and Corporate (administration etc). Student services
Assumptions made while inputting data;
What is current practice across the sector?
How much does it cost to maintain an estate which is fit for purpose and in good
condition?
What drives the size of an estate?
The research found that both full central timetabling and space charging have a positive effect
on space performance, and led to an interactive model which allows Higher Education
Institutions to:
Calculate the cost of their estates
Model and benchmark their estates
Assess the impact of different estate cost assumptions and try out different scenarios
in September 2006 SMG produced a report titled 'Review of space norms'. The purpose of the
study was to look into the scope for providing updated space norms for the higher education
sector. The report and its findings can be downloaded from www.smg.ac.uk/resources.html.
"
Out put data is expressed as metres squared of net internal area
"
Total number of FTE student = 10,045
"
Total number of Academic departmental staff (FT & PT) = 1,955
"
Number of staff per faculty (including research staff) is pro rata the same as the
number of student per faculty against the total number of students
"
Total number of Library staff = 92
"
Total number of Corporate staff = 1,023
"
Research staff = clinical research staff + research staff
"
Support & admin staff = total staff - (Research staff + academic)
"
All office space in the faculty sheets is type 'cellular with meeting space'
"
Teaching weeks per year = 30 - 6 (for exams and reading weeks) = 24
"
'Average number of event hours per week' were estimated on student week of 35
hours
"
In the Corporate sheet, open plan office = manual and casual staff
The term ‘space norm’ in this context is used to describe the square metres of non-residential
"
produced by the University Grants Council (UGC) and Polytechnics and Colleges Funding
Outcomes
space per student in different academic disciplines. These date back to the 1960’s and were
Council (PCFC). No space norms have been produced by either body since 1990.
In the report the SMG concluded that given the diversity in the HE sector a single set of space
norms would not be appropriate. Rather the principles of space norms could be applied by
individual institutions to generate a profile of their own needs. As part of the study a method
to calculate indicative space needs was developed named the 'Space needs indicator
framework' (copies of which can be downloaded from http://www.smg.ac.uk/resources.html)
The Space needs indicator framework can be used to generate an indicative space profile by
faculty/department (or other groupings) in terms of the amount of space per student FTE
(space norm). The indicative space profile generated can then be compared to existing space
available and against the sector wide analysis incorporated in the SMG Affordable Estate Model,
Research areas were only factored in for Science and Medicine & Bioscience
The total area predicted by the Space needs indicator framework is 70,886 square metres .
This is a net figure and therefore does not allow for balance space. Factoring in net to gross
ratio of 60:40 this would give a gross figure of 99,240 square metres.
Existing Student Services (including Sports Facilities) areas from Central Campus are 17,285
square metres . Adding this figure to the gross figure above gives a total of: 116,525 square
metres(gross internal area or GIA). Currently the university has: 151,417 square metres
(gross internal area) on central campus, excluding residential.
Therefore the Space needs indicator framework suggests that the university has
approximately square 34,892 metres of excess space on the Central Campus. However...
(which can be downloaded from http://www.smg.ac.uk/the_model.html).
78
University of Leicester Development Framework Plan 2008
The space norms generated by the Space Needs Indicator Framework when compared between
To summarise:
faculties are consistent with expectations, i.e. Science has more space per FTE than Law.
However when compared to SMG Estimated Space Norms for 2003-04 (see SMG report 'Review
of space norms') the figures generated by the Space Needs Indicator Framework were
Actual / predicted size of Central campus
Square Metres GIA
significantly lower for all faculties.
Existing
151,417
This may be corrected by more accurate data being inputted.
SMG framework generated
116,525
SMG estimated from 2003-4 norms
150,669
Existing
10 Utilisation
The table below gives a summary of the space norms generated by the framework compared to
actual existing space norms derived from Leicester’s current use of space (calculated by
dividing the existing space on Central campus by student numbers) and to an approximation of
the 2003-04 Estimated Norm from the SMG (see SMG report 'Review of space norms' table 2)
Space norm =(m2/
Arts
Science
student as net
SMG Framework
Law
Science
internal area)
Existing
Social
Medicine &
Biological Science
The figure derived from the Space Needs Indicator is indicative and based largely on estimated
5.5
19.6
4.49 (8.5)**
1.7
17.0
4.71
7.3
4.65
4.81
7.45
generated
SMG Estimated
Recommendations
data. It also does not take into account the specific needs of the university in its default
coefficients which it uses to calculate the outputs.
Therefore we would advise that at this stage no firm conclusions can or should be drawn from
the exercise regarding the size of the estate. However it does provide a firm basis from which
individual faculties/departments can proceed by checking our assumptions and inputting
6*
11.9
6*
6*
11.9
2003-04
This would be most relevant for the following inputs:
*based on space norm figure for Humanities (see SMG report 'Review of space norms' table 2)
** figure in brackets takes into account space on North Campus
By taking the above SMG Estimated 2003-04 space norm figures and multiplying these by
numbers of existing students on Central campus we can get another rough indication on an
appropriate size of estate. Following our previous methodology this comes to a figure of
150,669 square metres (gross internal area) (compared to a current University of Leicester
space holding excluding residential space of 151, 417 square metres.
accurate data into the Space Needs Indicator Framework.
"
Changing default coefficients to suit the specific needs of the individual faculties
"
Space type numbers for teaching, offices and research
"
Staff numbers
"
Average number of 1 hour events per week per student
"
Existing number of teaching weeks per year
By implementing the above actions individual faculties/departments may find the Space Needs
Indicator Framework a useful tool (among others) in helping to plan requirements for future
building and space needs.
University of Leicester Development Framework Plan 2008
79
80
University of Leicester Development Framework Plan 2008