Session
Visual Aids
Runway Incursions – 3 Markings
3.12.2 A runway-holding position …shall be established:
a)
on the taxiway, at the intersection of a
taxiway and a runway; and
b)
at an intersection of a runway with another
runway when the former runway is part of a standard
taxi-route.
5.2.10.1 A runway-holding position marking shall be
displayed along a runway-holding position. (PATTERN A)
Annex 14 Figure 5-8 Pattern A
Runway-holding position markings
PATTERN A:
PATTERN B:
4 lines and
3 spaces at
0.3 m each
2 lines at
0.3 m each
1 space at 1.5 m
2.10 m
1.50 m
Taxi onto the runway
0.3 m
0.15 m
0.9 m
0.9 m
0.9 m
0.15 m
3.0 m
0.9 m
0.9 m
0.9 m
0.3 m
0.3 m 0.3 m
Runway Incursions – Markings
Paragraph 5.2.8 - Taxiway centre line marking
• 5.2.8.1 … shall be provided … code number is 3 or 4
• 5.2.8.2 … should be provided … code number is 1 or 2
• 5.2.8.4 Recommendation.— Where it is necessary to denote the proximity of a
runway-holding position, enhanced taxiway centre line marking
should be provided.
Note.— The provision of enhanced taxiway centre line marking may form
part of runway incursion prevention measures.
• 5.2.8.5 Where provided, enhanced taxiway centre line marking shall
installed at each taxiway/runway intersection.
be
To the Runway
Annex 14
Figure 5-7
0.9 m
0.9 m
0.9 m
(b) Second hold position
1.5 m
0.9 m
1.5 m
3m
Enhanced
taxiway
centre line
marking
at least 3 dashes
1m
47 m
(c) Intersecting Taxiway
D
D
A
B
C
A
B
47 m
A 7.5 – 15 cm (Note 1)
B 15 cm
C 15.– 30 cm (Note 2)
D 15 cm
(d) "T" Intersection
Note 1: Black background for contrast on
light-coloured pavements.
Note 2: Continuous yellow centre line.
(a) Dimensions
(e) Between two holding positions
Annex14 Figure 5-10
Mandatory instruction marking
1 m mnm
1 m mnm
1m
A – Taxiways of code letters A, B, C or D
1 m mnm
B – Taxiways of code letters E or F
Runway Incursions: Markings
• 5.2.16.1 Where it is impracticable to install a
mandatory instruction sign in accordance with
5.4.2.1, a mandatory instruction marking shall
be provided on the surface of the pavement.
• 5.2.16.2 Where operationally required, such as
on taxiways exceeding 60 m in width, or to assist
in the prevention of a runway incursion, a
mandatory instruction sign should be
supplemented by a mandatory instruction
marking.
An Airport in the United States
Runway Incursions: 3 Signs
• 5.4.2.1 A mandatory instruction sign shall
be provided to identify a location beyond
which an aircraft taxiing or vehicle shall not
proceed unless authorized by the aerodrome
control tower.
•
5.4.2.2 Mandatory instruction signs shall
include runway designation signs, category I, II
or III holding position signs, runway-holding
position signs, road-holding position signs
and NO ENTRY signs
Annex 14 Figure 5-30
Mandatory instruction signs
LEFT SIDE
RIGHT SIDE
RUNWAY DESIGNATION/LOCATION
LOCATION/RUNWAY DESIGNATION
RUNWAY-HOLDING POSITION
RUNWAY DESIGNATION/
CATEGORY II HOLDING POSITION
LOCATION/RUNWAY DESIGNATION
RUNWAY DESIGNATION/LOCATION
At the ends
of runways
NO ENTRY
Runway Incursions: Signage
• 5.4.2.3 A pattern “A” runway-holding position
marking shall be supplemented at a taxiway/runway
intersection or a runway/runway intersection with a
runway designation sign.
• REPEAT - 5.2.16.1 Where it is impracticable to
install a mandatory instruction sign in accordance
with 5.4.2.1, a mandatory instruction marking shall
be provided on the surface of the pavement.
An Airport in the United States with a Mandatory Instruction
Sign --- “Runway Holding Position Signs 3-21”
5.4.7.1 A road-holding position sign shall be provided at all
road entrances to a runway.
Examples of road-holding position signs are contained in the
Aerodrome Design Manual (Doc 9157), Part 4
Example:
US FAA
Vehicle
Service Roads
in graded
portion of the
runway strip
STOP SIGN
SEE FIGURE 14A
FOR DETAILS
24"
YIELD SIGN
SEE FIGURE 14B
FOR DETAILS
RUNWAY SIGN
SIZE 1, STYLE 4
60"
MAX
39"
30"
24"
INSTRUCTION SIGN
SEE FIGURE 14C
FOR DETAILS
(a) Runway and Stop Sign
NOTES:
1. DO NOT SCALE DRAWING.
2. ALL SIGNS ARE MOUNTED ON POLES WITH FRANGIBLE FITTINGS.
3. ALL SIGNS ARE ANCHORED IN A CONCRETE BASE.
(b) Yield Sign
Runway Incursions: 2 Lighting
• 5.3.20 Stop bars
– Note 2.— Runway incursions may take place in all visibility
or weather conditions. The provision of stop bars at
runway-holding positions and their use at night and in
visibility conditions greater than 550 m runway visual
range can form part of effective runway incursion
prevention measures.
• 5.3.20.6 Stop bars shall consist of lights spaced at
uniform intervals of no more than 3 m across the
taxiway, showing red in the intended direction(s) of
approach to the intersection or runway-holding
position
IN-PAVEMENT STOP BAR
15
• 5.3.20.7 Recommendation.— A pair of
elevated lights should be added to each end
of the stop bar where the in-pavement stop
bar lights might be obscured from a pilot’s
view, for example, by snow or rain, or where a
pilot may be required to stop the aircraft in a
position so close to the lights that they are
blocked from view by the structure of the
aircraft
ELEVATED STOP BAR
17
STOP BAR AT NIGHT
18
• 5.3.20.1 A stop bar shall be provided at every runway-holding position
serving a runway when it is intended that the runway will be used in runway
visual range conditions less than a value of 350 m, except where:
• 5.3.20.2 A stop bar shall be provided at every runway-holding position
serving a runway when it is intended that the runway will be used in runway
visual range conditions of values between 350 m and 550 m, except where
•
a) appropriate aids and procedures are available to assist in preventing
inadvertent incursions of traffic onto the runway; or
•
b) operational procedures exist to limit, in runway visual range conditions
less than a value of 550 m, the number of:
•
1) aircraft on the manoeuvring area to one at a time; and
•
2) vehicles on the manoeuvring area to the essential minimum.
? With so many preventive measures, why do we still
have Runway Incursions ?
RUNWAY GUARD LIGHTS (RGLs)
TAXIWAY
CENTERLINE
LIGHT
MAX
2
FT
2 FT +/ - 2 IN
9 FT 10 IN +/ - 2 IN
21
ELEVATED STOP BAR AND RUNWAY
GUARD LIGHT (RGL)
22
RUNWAY GUARD LIGHTS (RGLs)
AT NIGHT
23
End of Visual Aids Session