ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 ADVANCED LIGHTING SOLUTIONS WORKSHOP Advanced Lighting Controls INTERIOR LIGHTING CONTROLS J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. 1 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 BI-LEVEL SWITCHING • 2 discrete levels of light – NOT including off • Required by some energy-efficiency codes • Methods: – Rewire alternate fixtures – not usually costeffective – Switching device – “half-light” • http://gofunctionalgreen.com/product-category/ light-control/ – In-board/Out-board switching • 2 wall switches – Bi-Level dimming ballasts • • • • 2 switched inputs Ex1: Sylvania Quick-Step Ex2: Advance (Philips Electronics) Step-Dim Ex3: GE Ultramax Bi-Level dimming ballast • Can be manual or automatic control – Bi-level occupancy/vacancy sensors BI-LEVEL SWITCHING • 2 discrete levels of light – NOT including off • Required by some energy-efficiency codes • Methods: – Bi-Level dimming ballasts • • • • J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. 2 switched inputs Ex1: Sylvania Quick-Step Ex2: Advance (Philips Electronics) Step-Dim Ex3: GE Ultramax Bi-Level dimming ballast 2 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 CONCEPTS IN COMMERCIAL LIGHTING CONTROL • Efficient lighting control offers significant energy-saving opportunities – Most buildings today are over-lighted because there is enough daylight in the space; or lights are set to a higher level than appropriate for the people inside; or spaces are lighted even though they are unoccupied. – This wastes energy, creates discomfort, and reduces productivity. – Despite the fact that most lighting is energy-efficient fluorescent, the numberone source of energy consumption in any building or school is still LIGHTING • Source: Energy Information Administration, 2003 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey, released September 2008 ADVANCED ELECTRONIC TIME SWITCHES • 365 day astronomic time switch • Independent programming for each day • For applications where load switching differs frequently • Up to 4,000 preset setpoints or events • Easily programmed; “super” cap backup • Remote control & monitoring via Ethernet connection • Future upgrades through in-field firmware updates & relay module expansion J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. ET90000 www.intermatic.com 3 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 LIGHTING CONTROL STRATEGIES Scheduling: Lights automatically turn off or are dimmed at certain times of the day or based on sunrise or sunset. Occupancy/Vacancy Sensing: Automatically turning lights off when people vacate the space. Multi-level Lighting/Dimming: Providing users one or more light levels than full-on and full-off. Daylight Harvesting: Automatically adjust light levels based on the amount of daylight in the space. 7 SOURCE: LUTRON.COM ADVANCED ELECTRONIC TIME SWITCHES • 365 day astronomic time switch • Independent programming for each day • For applications where load switching differs frequently • Up to 4,000 preset setpoints or events • Easily programmed; “super” cap backup • Remote control & monitoring via Ethernet connection • Future upgrades through in-field firmware updates & relay module expansion J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. ET90000 www.intermatic.com 4 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 Light Control Strategies LIGHTING CONTROL STRATEGIES High end trim/Tuning: Set target light level based on occupant requirements in the space. Personal Light Control: Allow users in the space to select the correct light levels for the desired task. Controllable Window Shades: Allows users to control daylight for reduced solar heat gain and glare. Demand Response: Reducing lighting loads at times of peak electricity pricing. Plug-load Control: Automatically turning task lighting and other plug loads off when they are not needed. SOURCE: LUTRON.COM 9 MYTH: KEEPING THE LIGHTS ON IS CHEAPER THAN TURNING THEM OFF FOR BRIEF PERIODS • Based on myth of “high starting energy” for starting fluorescent lamps on magnetic ballasts – In-rush current • Busting the Myth – Switching off fluorescent lamps when not in use saves energy, extends overall lamp life (service life), and reduces maintenance cost • Re-lamping labor & lamps – Ex: Turning off T8 lamps 12 hrs/day, decreases avg rated lamp life, BUT – service life is extended • ~ 7 yrs when switched off half time vs. 4 yrs continuous • Negligible starting energy J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. 5 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 OCCUPANCY SENSING • Greatest energy savings achieved with any lighting fixture is when the lights are shut off • Minimize wasted light by providing occupancy sensing or vacancy sensing SOURCE: LUTRON.COM PASSIVE INFRARED (PIR) TECHNOLOGY • Reacts only to body heat • Sense occupancy by detecting difference in body heat & background – Fan patterns created by lens • Sensors need to “see” area to control – Movement across field of view easier to detect than to/from – Ceiling mounting more effective • Sensors use low-voltage to operate relays that control lighting system power J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. 6 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 ULTRASONIC TECHNOLOGY R T • • • • • Volumetric detectors Transmit sounds above range of human hearing Senses shift in frequency of reflected waves 360 degree coverage Most sensitive to small movement close to detector (10-20 ft) – Sensitivity reduced at edges of controlled area (40-50 ft) – Add sensors to get better coverage DUAL-TECHNOLOGY SENSORS • Uses two technologies – Usually PIR & Ultrasonic • Can be set to operate: – Either technology sensing turns on lights – Both technologies must sense to turn off lights – Only one technology needed to keep lights on • More effective than single technology sensors – Prevents “false offs” J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. 7 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 VACANCY SENSORS • Like an occupancy sensor operated in “manual on” “auto-off” mode • Saves more energy than occupancy sensors – Many situations where there is brief occupancy don’t need lights on • Janitor visits to dump waste basket • Colleague visits to deliver papers • Required by California Title 24 WIRELESS OCCUPANCY SENSORS • Ceiling mounted PIR occupancy sensors that communicate with wall-box unit (or wireless relays) using RF • Requires NO hard-wired electricity • Ideal for retrofit applications • Lutron uses long-life battery • Ideal for dimming applications • Leviton uses no battery • PV cells in sensor charges capacitor J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. 8 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 LOW-POWER WIRELESS RELAYS • Relays have RF receivers onboard • Allows creation of independent lighting zones/sub-zones in a wireless network • Precise control of individual fixtures • Simultaneous control of multiple fixtures Source: www.leviton.com BATTERY ISSUE • NO batteries – EnOcean Alliance • Sensors & switches self-powered by energy drawn by movement & light (a.k.a. harvested energy • > 350 companies • > Projects in 37 countries – Hundreds of thousands of projects • Lower cost – No wiring - save $50 - $100/ft wiring cost • Fewer wiring errors – Less disruptive to work environments • Ideal for retrofit applications – Reduced maintenance cost http://www.enocean-alliance.org/ J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. 9 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 DAYLIGHT HARVESTING • Many commercial spaces have enough daylight flowing into it that the amount of electric lighting can be reduced • Cut back on the amount of electric lighting by implementing technologies that can measure and account for daylighting SOURCE: LUTRON.COM CONTINUOUS DAYLIGHT HARVESTING CONTROL • Energy management strategy that uses electronic lighting control to continuously & automatically adjust the output of electric lighting based on the amount of daylight entering a space to allow a desired light level to be maintained • Control must meet visual & comfort needs of occupants as daylight varies over the day and by season • Problems can occur when occupants are disturbed by low light levels or sudden changes in light level – Use fade control to slow response • System control elements – Electronic dimming ballasts – Photo-sensors (w/integrated fade control) • Low-voltage control J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. 10 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 CONTINUOUS DAYLIGHT HARVESTING CONTROL Target Light Level at 40 FC SOURCE: LUTRON.COM CLOSED LOOP CONTROL • Sensors placed inside space, above work surface • Measures light level in narrow viewing angle • Adjusts light level up or down to maintain desired light level • Affected by both electric light & daylight Daylight Photosensor Use (LRC) J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. SOURCE: LUTRON.COM 11 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 CLOSED LOOP DISADVANTAGES 1. Can only control fixtures that are contributing to the field of view - One sensor per task surface - Customer would have to buy far more sensors to cover the same area 2. Requires strict sensor placement guidelines – Must be placed directly above task surface 3. Sensor cannot distinguish between daylight fluctuations and changes of surface reflectance This means that if the material under the sensor changes – changing the surface reflection – the sensor may respond by adjusting the lights – even when the amount of daylight remains the same Solution: Combination of Closed Loop & Open Loop control (partial open loop) SOURCE: LUTRON.COM OPEN LOOP Open loop sensors look only at daylight and are usually placed outside the space Wide field of view Not affected by the electric lights they control Disadvantage: Exterior field of view does not account for what is actually happening in the space SOURCE: LUTRON.COM J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. 12 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 PHOTOSENSORS • Small, inconspicuous, ceiling-mounted devices • Contain optics, light-sensitive element – photo-diode, phototransistor, photoconductive cell • Provide control signals to dimming ballasts – Output is LV, dc signal (0 – 10 v) – Proportional to light falling on it • From daylight & fluorescent system (closed loop system) HOW DO DLH SYSTEMS PERFORM COMPARED WITH EXPECTATIONS? • Research project – Wisconsin Energy Center monitored 20 DLH projects in MN & WI offices & public spaces • Most DLH projects fall short of performance goals – Median system saving 23% (including impacts on HVAC) – About half not meeting expectations – 4 of 20 spaces studied had NO savings • Best practices suggest that successful automatic DLH controls require significant commissioning effort to reach full energy savings potential – Including calibration & functional testing Source: www.ecw.org J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. 13 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 MARKER FOR INFO FROM LD+A PUBLISHED STUDY ON DLH LOW-VOLTAGE CONTROL • LV leads allow creation of control zones independent of power zones • No need to rewire power wiring • Connect LV leads directly from photo-sensor to ballast • Daisy-chain from one sensor to many ballasts hot Photo-sensor neutral daisy-chain to other Vio/Greydimming ballasts – Max number determined by manufacturer (check catalogs/ websites) J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. 14 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 Sensor Placement Guidelines SENSOR PLACEMENT GUIDELINES Mount the sensor at a distance of 1-2 window heights in from the window wall, pointing towards window. h h Window height = h • Avoid placing the sensor too close to a window. This can flood the sensor with daylight and produce unexpected behavior on the work surface + a lot more. SOURCE: LUTRON.COM PERSONALIZED CONTROL • Many “green” technologies generate energy savings on the basis that some level of performance and convenience must be sacrificed • Providing personalized control of the lighting allows occupants to optimize their performance & save energy in the process SOURCE: LUTRON.COM J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. 15 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 Energy Savings in a Typical Office Building NO LIGHTING CONTROL SOURCE: LUTRON.COM Energy Savings in a Typical Office Building SCHEDULING CONTROL SOURCE: LUTRON.COM J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. 16 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 OCCUPANCY SENSING Energy Savings in a Typical Office Building SOURCE: LUTRON.COM TUNING/HIGH-END TRIM Ligh/ng Power Used 1W/sf 12 midnight J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. consump/on = 8.76 kWh / sf Annual energy consump/on ≈ 5 kWh / sf (scheduling) Annual energy consump/on ≈ 4 kWh / sf (occ.sens.) Annual energy consump/on ≈ 3 kWh / sq (+tuning) Annual energy 12 n oon 12 midnight Time SOURCE: LUTRON.COM 17 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 DAYLIGHT HARVESTING Energy Savings in a Typical Office Building SOURCE: LUTRON.COM CONCEPTS IN COMMERCIAL LIGHTING CONTROL • Advanced Lighting Guideline, New Buildings Institute, Inc., 2003 SOURCE: LUTRON.COM J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. 18 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 Lighting Added Benefits – Reduction of lighting reduces cooling load (HVAC) TOTAL BUILDING ENERGY SAVINGS Total Energy Usage 120 100 Annual kWh 15% 80 Energy Savings 30% 60 Lighting 40 Air Conditioning 20 Plug-in, other 0 ASHRAE 90.1 High-end Trim/ Tuning Occupancy Sensing Daylighting Personal Control Lighting Control Strategy SOURCE: LUTRON.COM J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. 38 19 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 DEMAND RESPONSE CONTROL DEMAND RESPONSE CONTROL Demand Response (DR) – Manage customer electricity consumption in response to supply conditions, critical times or market prices. – A different concept from energy efficiency, which means using less power to perform the same tasks. SOURCE: LUTRON.COM J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. 20 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 DEMAND RESPONSE CONTROL Demand Response (DR) – Demand response can involve curtailing power used or by starting onsite generation. – Current demand response schemes often implement the use of control systems to shed loads. Load shed is the action to Demand Response – Most DR programs usually require a minimum of 100 KW to participate. Normal Usage 23:00:00 22:00:00 21:00:00 20:00:00 19:00:00 18:00:00 17:00:00 16:00:00 15:00:00 14:00:00 13:00:00 12:00:00 11:00:00 10:00:00 09:00:00 08:00:00 07:00:00 06:00:00 04:00:00 04:00:00 03:00:00 02:00:00 01:00:00 Y-Axis Actual Usage with Demand Response 00:00:00 Electric Usage (KW) Curtailment Period Time SOURCE: LUTRON.COM DEMAND RESPONSE CONTROL Green Regulations ASHRAE 189.1 • Section 7.4.5.1 Peak Load Reduction/Load Factor. Building projects shall contain automatic systems such as demand-limiting or load shifting to reduce electric peak demand of the building by not less than 10%. Standby power generation shall not be used to achieve the reduction in peak capacity. INTERNATIONAL green CONSTRUCTION CODE® (IgCC®) • Section 605.4 The Auto-DR system shall be capable of reducing total connected power of lighting in Group B, office, spaces by at least 30 percent. Exceptions: 1. Police stations, prisons, fire stations, hospitals, and any other first-responder facilities; 2. Luminaires on emergency circuits; 3. Luminaires located in emergency and life safety areas of a building; 4. Lighting in buildings that are less than 5,000 square feet in total area; and 5. Luminaires located within a daylight zone which are dimmable and connected to automatic daylight controls. SOURCE: LUTRON.COM J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. 21 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 DEMAND RESPONSE CONTROL Commercial Electricity Usage – Load Shed Reduction Strategies • Lighting and HVAC account for over 2/3 of all electricity in commercial buildings with lighting being the biggest contributor • Lighting and HVAC should be the number 1 & 2 load shed strategies in a commercial building • HVAC accounts for more of the total load during demand events so lighting is often an afterthought or forgotten entirely as a load shed strategy SOURCE: LUTRON.COM DEMAND RESPONSE CONTROL Commercial Electricity Usage – Many times lighting is not employed in load shed strategy because: • Lighting does not have a direct correlation with demand events • Minimally influenced by outside conditions – Employed daylighting has a minor change with fluctuations of sunrise and sunset • Lighting is very close to linear monthly usage SOURCE: LUTRON.COM J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. 22 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 DEMAND RESPONSE CONTROL Benefits of Lighting as a Load Shed Strategy – Lighting may be a smaller load at demand response time but • • • • • It is close to linear over time Response is instantaneous and controllable No recovery time Effect is not or not easily noticed Little or no loss of productivity – Lighting is the easiest strategy • Little management • Less productivity impact • Easier to predict SOURCE: LUTRON.COM DEMAND RESPONSE CONTROL Automatic Systems for Demand Response • Lighting systems load shedding for DR events • Vary reduction time and recovery time • Have the granularity of small changes within work spaces (1% - 100%) • Simple user interface for setup and initiation • Smarter Grid = Automated Demand Response Auto-DR • Receive external signals (BACnet, Serial, contact closures, etc.) SOURCE: LUTRON.COM J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. 23 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 SSL (LED) DIMMING DIMMER COMPATIBILITY CHALLENGES • Many different approaches optimized for: – Low cost – Simple control of an incandescent lamp Source: www.iwatt.com J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. 24 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 WIDE RANGE of WALL DIMMERS • Many dimmer types: – Leading-edge – Trailing-edge – Smart dimmers – Universal dimmers • Dimmer impedance and power level also vary – R, R-L, R-C – 400W, 600W etc • All designed to drive resistive loads Source: www.iwatt.com DIMMERS and FLICKER Un-balanced and multi-fire • Potential sources of flicker: – Imbalance between each half cycle – Line voltage variations and distortion Source: www.iwatt.com J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. 25 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 “14 QUESTIONS” CHECK LIST for DIMMABLE DRIVERS Check Questions o Can you support leading-edge, trailing-edge or smart dimmer? o Can you support universal line from 110V to 230V? o Is there flicker when the AC line is distorted? Or lightning surge? o Is there any shimmer or strobe affect? o How much inrush current? And peak current at AC cycle? o How much is the outrush current on LEDs? o How much is the power consumption at worst condition? Load ? o How about audible noise? o How many LED lamps can be paralleled? o How many LED lamps can be driven by one dimmer without flicker? o If the LED lamp cannot support dimmer, what is consequence? Shut down? o Does the dimming curve meet SSL-6? o Does the solution meet the Energy Star? PF>0.7, PF>0.9 o What is your expected life? Source: www.iwatt.com FINELITE REPORT • “Flicker in LED Luminaires” – By Terry Clark, Chairman & Chief Technology Officer • Presence of flicker in LED lighting applications is dependent on light modulation characteristics of the LED power supply (i.e. driver) • 2 types of LED drivers to choose from – PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) – CCR (Constant Current Reduction) Source: http://www.finelite.com/download_files/white-paper/FL_Flicker_In_LED_Luminaires_WhitePaper.pdf J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. 26 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 FINELITE FLICKER REPORT • Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) power supplies: – Dim by rapidly switching current to LEDs on & off – Ratio of time on to time off determines perceived brightness – When dimmed, flicker can become apparent Source: http://www.finelite.com/download_files/white-paper/FL_Flicker_In_LED_Luminaires_WhitePaper.pdf FINELITE FLICKER REPORT • Constant Current Reduction (CCR) power supplies: – Dim by reducing amount of current delivered to LEDs • LEDs do not turn on & off – May exhibit ripple on output current signal Source: http://www.finelite.com/download_files/white-paper/FL_Flicker_In_LED_Luminaires_WhitePaper.pdf J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. 27 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 FINELITE FLICKER REPORT • Report describes 4 ways to check flicker in LED power supplies – Waveform analyzer - to observe exact wave shape – Flicker checker wheel to observe visible pattern – Wave an object under the light source to see if see multiple images • Pencil – Mock up of the space with all sources & dimmers to experience first hand • “Best way” • Report also describes 4 ways to measure level of flicker (per LRC) Source: http://www.finelite.com/download_files/white-paper/FL_Flicker_In_LED_Luminaires_WhitePaper.pdf DOE REPORT ON DIMMING • CALiPER testing & Gateway demonstrations showing dimming of LEDs is still a challenge – Especially with compatibility • “Dimming LEDs with Phase-Cut Dimmers: The Specifier’s Process for Maximizing Success” • Report offers general guidance intended to reduce the likelihood of compatibility-related dimming problems – Also provides specific, step-by-step procedures for designing phase-controlled LED dimming on new & existing projects – Examples provided by a Gateway demonstration - Burden Museum, Troy, NY • “Excellent-quality LED dimming with phase-control dimmers can be achieved, BUT requires dimming mockups or diligent research into compatibility - - ” • “With time, LED sources, their components, & dimming systems will evolve & improve, but until then, this report can serve as a useful reference.” Source: http://lightingcontrolsassociation.org/does-jim-brodrick-on-phase-cut-dimming-of-leds/ J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. 28 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 EXTERIOR LIGHTING CONTROLS PHOTOCELLS • Respond to ambient light • Cadmium-sulfide (CdS) – Inexpensive dusk-to-dawn controls – Change sensitivity over time • Erodes savings • “Electronic” photocell – Solid-state silicon sensor – 6 year warranty • Ex: American Electric Lighting Model DPN • Delay feature prevents rapid cycling during cloudy days or lightning • Aim North – In northern hemisphere J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. 29 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 PHOTOCELL DRIFT • Cadmium sulfide (CdS) cells drift mainly due to self-heating – EX: When installed in fixture that runs hot • >70C = 158F • In 18 months, can drift enough to cause additional burn time of 16 min/day • Not usually noticeable to casual observer – Net result: ~ 100 hrs/yr additional on time – A significant waste Source: DG-13-98 Guide for the selection of Photocontrols for Outdoor Lighting Applications SOLUTION: SILICON CELLS • Silicon cells in electronic photocells do not drift • Turn-off and turn-on settings do not deteriorate • Can save 1 to 5% compared with CdS cells Source: DG-13-98 Guide for the selection of Photocontrols for Outdoor Lighting Applications J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. 30 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 DAYBURNERS • Definition: Controlled outdoor fixtures, whose lamps burn during the day • Most U.S. outdoor lighting installations use “fail-on” type photocells • Photocells fail on and cause dayburners and – Can add to daytime demand when not replaced • Adds 25 to 75 burn hours/yr – Depends on how fast maintenance responds Solutions: Use “fail-off” photocells or replace “fail-on” photocells immediately upon failure Source: DG-13-98 Guide for the selection of Photocontrols for Outdoor Lighting Applications STANDALONE PROGRAMMABLE PHOTOCELLS Turns On at dusk Off at preset time Back On at preset time Off at dawn Built-in Smart Clock Synchronizes with NIST Atomic Clock WWVB for Ultra-Precise Lighting Curfew Scheduling J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. 31 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 INTELLIGENT WIRELESS CONTROL & MONITORING SYSTEMS INTELLIGENT NETWORK CONTROL: ROAM • Streetlight or parking lot monitoring system • Enables owner/operators to remotely monitor, control & measure fixture performance • Uses wireless network to maximize savings – Energy, maintenance, service efficiency • Individual fixture control, group control, automated scheduling & dimming • ROAMview – less than 2,000 fixtures, single site, pre-packaged server, easy retrofit • ROAM – unlimited fixtures, self-hosted (Enterprise) or centrally hosted (Concierge) Source: www.acuitybrands.com/products/controls/roam J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. 32 ALS: Advanced Ligh/ng Controls 4/3/14 PARKING LOT BEFORE – 250 WATT MH (295 WATTS) Actual photograph - Not a rendering ©2013 Acuity Brands PARKING LOT LED DIMMED TO 45% POWER LED Full Power LED @ 45% Dimmed 144 Input Watts 64 Input Watts (50% Savings) (78% Savings) Actual photographs – Not renderings J. L. Fe=ers, C.L.E.P. ©2013 Acuity Brands 33