Centurion University of Technology and Management,
Paralakhemundi, Odisha.
THE HORIZON
Report on Project Exhibition
2k16
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Aim: To provide platform for the students to display their projects.
Objective: To enhance the skills of the students according to the needs
of industry and consumer.
Name of Program: Project Exhibition 2016.
Venue: Auditorium, on 26th and 27th February 2016.
Organized by: Centurion University of Technology and Management,
Paralakhemundi, Odisha.
Name of Guest Experts: Dr. K.Kalyan Chakravarty (Senior IAS
Officer, 1970 batch), Dr. D Nageswara Rao (Vice-Chancellor, CUTM),
Prof D N Rao (Vice-president, CUTM).
Participants: Students from School of Engineering, School of
Agriculture and Centurion Public School.
Audience: Students and faculty of different schools of the University.
Outcomes: Participants learned:
1) To explain the projects in precise way.
2) To answer the questions asked about the projects effectively.
3) To understand the requirements by the user.
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Event Summary:
Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi
organized two days Annual Project Exhibition on 26th and 27th February
2016, with an endeavor to promote scientific attitude among budding
young students. This program was inaugurated by Dr. K.Kalyan
Chakravarty, Senior IAS Officer, 1970 batch. He was very impressed by
the presentations and congratulated the participants. The exhibits by the
different schools were indeed eye openers on various topics related to
Green Energy, Innovation in Transport, Communication, Agriculture,
Technology, Environment and Mathematical Modeling. About 69
projects were exhibited from different schools of the University. The
best project award was given to 3D Printer, which has been adopted by
Pioneer Corporation for commercialization.
Faculty, students and dignitaries along with Dr. D Nageswara Rao
(Vice-Chancellor, CUTM), Prof D N Rao (Vice-president, CUTM), Dr.
Ashok Mishra Registrar CUTM and Deans of different Schools of the
University visited the program during these two days.
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The details of projects from different schools of the University are as
follows.
School of Engineering and Technology
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering.
1. SOLAR BASED INVERTER FOR DOMESTIC APPLICATION
Abstract
Nowadays, the photovoltaic (PV) energy is presented as one of the most promising source of
clean energy, and so a good way for greenhouse gas emissions mitigation and reduce the fossil
fuel dependence. Within it, the photovoltaic energy has caused a huge interest in the electronic
converters, and the need to improve their efficiency and reducing their cost. With this work we
present a solution for solar powered inverter for single-phase application. The solution consists
of two stage, in first stage using two MOSFETS half bridge inverter is done and in the second
stage using four MOSFETS full bridge inverters is done. The switching for half bridge inverter is
achieved by using astable-multivibrator and for full bridge it is achieved by using 8051
microcontroller. A solar panel of 50 W is used to charge the battery with the help of a DC-DC
converter.
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2. HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL USING ANDROID PHONE
Abstract
The past decade has seen significant advancement in the field of consumer electronics. Various
‘intelligent’ appliances such as cellular phones, air-conditioners, home security devices, home
theatres, etc. are set to realize the concept of a smart home. They have given rise to a Personal
Area Network in home environment, where all these appliances can be interconnected and
monitored using a single controller. Busy families and individuals with physical limitation
represent an attractive market for home automation and networking. A wireless home network
that does not incur additional costs of wiring would be desirable. Bluetooth technology, which
has emerged in late 1990s, is an ideal solution for this purpose. Home automation involves
introducing a degree of computerized or automatic control to certain electrical and electronic
systems in a building. These include lighting, speed Control etc. This project demonstrates a
simple home automation system which contains a remote mobile host controller and several
client modules (home appliances). The client modules communicate with the host controller
through a wireless device such as a Bluetooth enabled mobile phone, in this case, an android
based Smart phone.
3. ANALYSIS OF INTERCONNECTED DC-DC CONVERTERS
Abstract
In this project, we are going to analyze the stability analysis and effect of disturbances/changes
in dc-dc cascaded converters on other converters and sources. This complexity of the system is
due to the interaction of the output voltage of the first converter on the downstream converters.
We are planning for designing a master-slave model with first converter feeding one or two
converters and the cascaded converters connected to simple loads(like resistive loads). The effect
of switching frequency mismatching and change in input voltage and effects of varying inductor
and capacitor of master converter on slave converter-share to be studied and controller to be
designed to control the output voltage of feeding converter. The converter model to be studied
consists of mainly buck converters whose switching operations are controlled by pwm signals.
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Thus analysis of cascaded converters can be done and disturbance nullifying techniques to be
designed which can be implemented in islanded dc micro grids consisting of power converters.
4. ANTI-THEFT ALARM WITH CALL ALERT
Abstract
This project is based on making a theft alarm device GSM based. The main purpose of this
device is to warn us by sound and by SMS (to registered number) if any one tries to steal our
belongings. The sound produced by anti-bag snatching alarm is like police horn to get attention
of people. There will be three main parts for the device the circuit, Arduino UNO and GSM
900a. The circuit will help us by producing sound when the situation occurs. The arduino UNO
is a micro controller which will act as a medium for connecting the circuit and the GSM module
this is done by the arduino IDE software and the GSM module sends message/call to the
registered number when the situation occurs (theft). This project can be implemented in the
projector class rooms, or to any valuable items inside the campus to prevent it from being theft.
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5. HOME AUTOMATION USING DTMF TECHNOLOGY
Abstract
The main purpose of our project is to create a home automation system which can be controlled
from anywhere in the world (In the network area) just by using a cell phone of any kind i.e
whether it may be a smart phone or not.
This particular project can be achieved by the means of seven basic components, a cell
phone and microcontroller, bunch of relays, transmitter, receiver, DTMF decoder, Electrical
appliances and GSM connectivity.
It basically works when we press any key on our dialer keypad it generates a pair of
frequency each time and then send it to the receiver end over a communication channel. The user
can activate its device using these DTMF codes using an encoder. So after the user receives the
modulated signals and can use these signals as input after demodulating it.
The system is designed for controlling the electrical devices which includes of a cell
phone which is connected to the system via a headset. To activate the cellular phone part of the
system a call is to be made and as the call is answered, in response the user would enter a
three/four digit password to access the system to control devices. As the caller gives the specific
password it turns ON or OFF a specific device. This device switching is done by using relays.
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6. HYBRID PEDAL POWER GENERATOR
Abstract
This project is based on generating of power through Dynamo which will run by a cycle. In order
to make a hybrid generator it is attached to a solar panel. So hybrid pedal power generator is a
combination of Dynamo and solar panel. The dynamo through pedaling runs at an average rpm
of 800rpm and a solar panel of 50watt which are attached to a battery of 32Ah which is sufficient
to achieve the required backup. This project will be very helpful at areas where there is no power
supply and this can also be used as exercise device by pedaling the cycle daily which fulfils two
cases burning of calories and generation of power.
7. AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING ARDUINO, POWERED BY SOLAR
PHOTO VOLTAIC (SPV) CELL
Abstract
The motto of this project is to enhance the usage of renewal energy source (i.e. Solar Energy)
and to reduce human effort in the field of irrigation. Watering the plants gets easier by the help
of this system. As this project includes automatic watering when the plants need or soil gets
dried by the help of soil moisture sensor. Harnessing solar energy is more effective as we have
designed the system to track the sun. Tracking is done by the help of LDRs (Light dependent
Resistors) and the system is controlled by the microcontroller. This is a demo of the project
which represents the whole working process.
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Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering.
1. LAND ROVER USING MATLAB AND ARDUINO
Abstract
The aim of the project is based on the designing of a land rover which is controlled by
color detection. The land rover runs continuously, it contains the camera which can capture the
images and display them through the Matlab software in PC at transmitter end. When a green
color is detected it moves forward & for red color, it stops moving in that path & for yellow (or
orange) it starts moving after some delay automatically.
The robot described here is controlled by signals transferred through the serial communication
from Matlab i.e. PC. The Arduino microcontroller is used here to motor driver during the device
operation. This paper illustrates the application of the color detection technique using Matlab
algorithms, to control the state of the output pins of an Arduino and also to control the
movements of the Robot. This gives a very small example of implementing bounding box
algorithm and use of the simple color detection technique.
2. UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES (UAVs)
Abstract
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are aircrafts that fly without any humans being
onboard. They are either remotely piloted, or piloted by an onboard computer. This kind of
aircrafts can be used in different military missions such as surveillance, reconnaissance, battle
damage assessment, communications relay, minesweeping, hazardous substances detection and
radar jamming. However they can be used in other than military missions like detection of
hazardous objects on train rails and investigation of infected areas. Aircrafts that are able of
hovering and vertical flying can also be used for indoor missions like counter terrorist
operations.
In the same way UAVs can be sent to investigate areas without risking human lives. This
project is concerned with the development and control of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. The
different ways of flying are examined and the most suitable is selected. A vehicle is built after
investigating the different parts that could be used and a tool will is developed for the remote
control of the aircraft.
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3. E-NOTICE BOARD USING RASPBERRY PI
Abstract
Notice Boards are a common occurrence in variety of institutions which we come across
on a daily basis. In the current scenario the notice/ advertisement boards are being managed
manually. There is a long process involved in order to put up notices on the notice board. This
wastes a lot of resources like paper, printer ink, man power and also brings about loss of time. In
this paper we have proposed a system which will enable people to transmit notices on a notice
board using Raspberry pi microcontroller. In this paper we have proposed a system by which
only authorized people can access the notice board. We can also make the system compatible
with more than one wireless technology.
The Raspberry Pi is a very powerful, small computer having the dimensions of credit card which
is invented with the hope of inspiring generation of learners to be creative. This computer uses
ARM (Advanced RISC Machines) processor, the processor at the heart of the Raspberry Pi
system is a Broadcom BCM2835 system on-chip (SoC) multimedia processor. This review paper
provides a description of the raspberry pi technology which is a very powerful computer. Also it
introduces the overall system architecture and the design of hardware components.
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4. ANDROID APP FOR HOME AUTOMATION
Abstract
The aim of this project is to develop a home automation system that can be controlled
remotely using an android app in mobile phone. Presently, conventional wall switches are
located in different parts of the house and one has to physically go near them and press them to
turn the loads on/off. It becomes very difficult for the elderly or physically handicapped people
to do so.
This system is designed to provide control of home appliances through pressing the button of
android app in mobile for the particular load. Android app can operate within the range of Wi-Fi
it interface with controller. This system is based on digital logic using Bluetooth technology
which receives the command from the phone using app to develop digital output. This digital
signal is further processed to actuate switching mechanism through relay driver to turn on/off the
loads/appliances. It can be used to switch appliances this proposed system gives a new direction
to the development of home automation.
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5. SELF-BALANCING ROBOT
Abstract
This project will undertake the construction and implementation of a two-wheeled robot
that is capable of balancing itself. The structural, mechanical, and electronic components of the
bot will be assembled in a manner that produces an inherently unstable platform that is highly
susceptible to tipping in one axis. The wheels of the robot are capable of independent rotation in
two directions, each driven by a servo motor. Information about the angle of the device relative
to the ground (i.e. tilt) will be obtained from sensors on the device. The precise type of sensor
that will be used is yet to be specified. The tilt sensor may be an accelerometer, gyroscopic
sensor, or IR sensor (to measure distance to the ground). Information from the sensors will be fed
back to the Z8, which will process the feedback using a crude proportional, integral, derivative
(PID) algorithm to generate compensating position control signals to the servo motors in order to
balance the device.
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6. SELF- NAVIGATING ROVER
Abstract
This project enables us to control a ROBOT through Radio frequency waves. We can control all
the movements like forward, reverse, left and right, Hand up and Hand down etc. It uses a four
channel radio frequency transmitter and four channel radio frequency receivers. The output of
the RF receiver is given to a microcontroller. The microcontroller generates different signals
according to the operation of the ROBOT through Output port. Thus, the microcontroller
controls all the operations of the ROBOT. It has few advantages like: the micro controller based
ROBOT can be mainly used in lands and areas where humans cannot enter. It also has a special
function of picking and placing any object from one place to another. For e.g.: Bomb diffusion.
Through GPS, we can easily locate the object using our mobile phones.
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7. VOICE CONTROLLED WHEEL CHAIR
Abstract
This project aims to design, interface, integrate, program, and test a fully voice operated
wheel chair. A regular standard wheelchair was used as the main skeleton that has been on
modified to meet this project’s goals. This work describes the design of an innovative and low
cost self-assistive technology that is used to facilitate the control of a wheelchair using embedded
system. It is used for advanced voice commands of the disabled people. This proposed system
will provide an alternative to the physically challenged people. The person who is permanently
unable to move their limbs (but who is able to speak and hear) can use the wheelchair using their
voice to lead an independent, confident and enjoyable life. The performance of this
microcontroller based and voice integrated design is evaluated in terms of accuracy and velocity
in various environments. It is an assistive technology for the disabled persons without any third
person’s assistance .By using AMR (ADAPTIVE MULTI RATE) application we can control this
and we are also using AT mega 16 microcontroller, HC-05 Bluetooth module and motor
controller. This is a unique system incorporating both wheel chair control through voice.
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Department of Computer Science and Engineering.
1. EXAMINATION ON DEMAND
Abstract
The novel concept of EOD is a great step in the direction of flexibility to the open and distance
learning. This will make the total system of examination independent of the time frame and will
help the examinations as per their wish and preparation.
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Student Friendly System.
Reduces the paper work.
Digital System which work online.
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2. ONLINE ADMISSION SYSTEM
Abstract
Today all the work at the time of admission of the students is done manually by ink and paper,
which is very slow and consuming much efforts and time. It is required to Design of a
Computerized Automated Student Admission System, to speed up and make it easy to use
system. Student admissions are a vital part of any university’s running because students are what
keep a University alive. The student admission is one of the most important activities within a
university as one cannot survive without students. A poor admissions system can mean fewer
students being admitted into a university because of mistakes or an overly slow response time.
The process begins with a potential student completing an application form through the
Universities and Colleges Admissions Service, the first step for students is to apply directly to
the university through a custom online form. This project’s aim is to automate the system, pre
checking the inclusion of all required material and automatically ranking each student’s
application based on a number of criteria. These criteria include the ranking of their university,
their grade at said university and their language grade Certificate. The data used by the system is
stored in a database that will be the center of all information held about students and the base for
the remainder of the process after the initial application has been made. This enables things to be
simplified and considerably quickened, making the jobs of the people involved easier. It supports
the current process but centralizes it and makes it possible for decisions to be made earlier and
easier way.
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It is a web project which help full for admission purpose by online.
Reducing of manual work.
User friendly web project
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3. GOOGLE ODIA DICTIONARY
Abstract
“Google Odia” is a project to make available Odia language in Google’s all services. Google is
providing more than 10 to 15 services to the client. Google search engine is currently available in
more than 64 languages. GOOGLE MISSING “ODIA” . “Google India” (Google.co.in) is
providing 9 regional languages to the Indian user to use Google products in following 9 Indian
languages.
So common people of Odisha face problem to use the products provided by Google. It’s a plan
to set up a framework or interface where we can use few of our software application in Odia
language.
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4. FACULTY PORTAL
Abstract
It had been designed since two years back for the faculty member of university which contain the
all the details of faculty member. It has designed as like branch wise where other can get detail
of faculty detail in the sense contact detail, qualification and other details.
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5. NETWORKING SIMULATION
Abstract
It’s a networking simulation project where we have designed a wide area network by five
different network. We have established communication between different networks by using
dynamic routing protocol. We have simulated the packet movement in WAN. We have seen
packet formats. We have set up DHCP server, web server and DNS server in the network.
DHCP server:- DHCP server works as a dynamic host configuration protocol. This server helps
the networks for dynamically distributing network configuration parameters, such as IP
addresses for interfaces and services.
DNS server:-DNS server is that which specifies domain name system of the server. As the users
cannot remember a long ip addresses so that for easy remembrance we use the DNS for
conversion of IP address to a certain name which can be of user’s choice.
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Department of Mechanical Engineering.
1. FOLDABLE MINI BIKE
Abstract
The need for a foldable Mini bike arise from the market survey which reveals that the normal
bikes that are available in market are of heavy weight, less compact and unable to be carried to
various places during traveling by a commuter. This leads to the commuter to heavily rely on
local transport. The basic aim behind our project is to make a portable vehicle in our day today
busy life where time is a important factor. We have used two stroke single cylinder petrol
engines as our main power source. So, the problem of power generating is solved. Also keeping
in mind the parking problem now a days we decided to make a bike which can be foldable easily.
Our design allows user to easily transport the mini bike using less space when it is folded
into compact size. Our project has four characteristics (1) dead-position configuration, (2) sliderlock device, (3) position-lock mechanism, (4) mechanism/structure convertible. While designing
we have concentrated on power, economic, easy and comfort of riding and low maintenance
cost. Also we have concentrated on a comfortable ride.
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2. FABRICATION OF MINI ICE PLANT MODEL
Abstract
Refrigeration may be defined as the process of achieving and maintaining a temperature below
that of the surroundings, the aim being to freeze ice, cool some product, or space to the required
temperature. The basis of modern refrigeration is the ability of liquids to absorb enormous
quantities of heat as they boil and evaporate. One of the important applications of refrigeration is
in ice plant and to produce ice for commercial applications with minimum energy consumption.
This ice is manufacture in large plant requires a huge space, however present compact unit is
useful to study the process of ice making and to know the behavior of basic parameter of the
system.
It works on the vapor compression refrigeration cycle for making with brine. In a vapor cycle the
working fluid undergoes phase change at least during one heat transfer process of the cycle.
Brine is used as secondary refrigerant in ice plants. Heat is carried away by secondary refrigerant
from water in ice cans and given to primary refrigerant in the evaporator.
We have worked on its fabrication and conducting the various experiment. The plant capacity of
producing the ice is 4kg per hour to 8 kg per hour. The complex operation of producing ice in big
plants can be understood by the students in a very feasible and economical order. And as a model
we are conducting different laboratory experiment on it like calculation of coefficient of
performance, its capacity and its refrigerating effect.
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3. RADIO FREQUENCY BASED ROAD CLEANING & SCRAP COLLECTING VEHICLE
Abstract
Here our vehicle is an “apparently human automation, intelligent and obedient but impersonal”.
Basically, our vehicle is a machine designed to do a human job (which is tedious, slow or
hazardous). It is only relatively recently that some vehicles have started to employ a degree of
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in their work - many vehicles required human operators, or precise
guidance throughout their missions. Slowly vehicles are becoming more and more autonomous.
This project is to design and develop an intelligent scrap collecting vehicle. In our project the
vehicle are designed to move through “Radio Frequency” which will collect the scarp and clean
the waste particle from the road the vehicle is completely based on remote control which act
according to the signal given by the controller. It will move all the direction like forward,
reverse, right and left. Basically this vehicle is designed to do a human job which is tedious, slow
& hazardous. To avoid this type of problem and reduce man power requirement we need other
type of automation is called battery operated automatic scrap collecting vehicle.
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4. FABRICATION AND DESIGN OF MOTORIZED SCREW JACK
Abstract
With the increasing levels of technology, the efforts are being put to produce any kind of work
that has been continuously decreasing. The efforts required in achieving the desired output can
be effectively and economically be decreased by the implementation of better designs. Power
screws are used to convert rotary motion into reciprocating motion. An object lifting jack is an
example of a power screw in which a small force applied in a horizontal plane is used to raise or
lower a large load. In this fabricated model, a D.C motor integrated with the object lifting jack
and the electricity needed for the operation will be taken from the D.C battery and thereby the
mechanical advantage will be increased.
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5. MECHANICAL TRICYCLE
Abstract
Harnessing green energy is a vital resource on today’s fuel driven age. The advantage of this
project depicts how a tricycle will run by using simple revolute pairs replacing the conventional
wrapping pair of tricycle. The tricycle that we design moves on the four bar crank rocker
mechanism which allows to move and simultaneously change the direction of the tricycle using
the steering provided it will be very effective because of less operational difficulties and very
much eco-friendly.
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6. DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ABRASIVE JET MACHINE
Abstract
Our project work, Abrasive Jet Machining (AJM) presents the working of abrasive jet machining
and removing materials from the brittle and heat sensitive materials by the application of high
speed stream of abrasive particles carried by a gas medium through the nozzle. In particular
drilling of holes of minimum diameter and maximum depth is also possible in AJM with greater
accuracy and surface finish.
Since no heat is induced while machining the surface, the
workplace is not subjected to thermal shocks.
Abrasive jet machining apparatus can be used for determining the material removal rate (MRR)
for materials like glass, ceramics and aluminum sheet by varying the parameters like pressure,
nozzle tip distance (NTD) and size of abrasive flow rate. In this project it has been proposed to
be design and fabricate the Abrasive jet machining apparatus for drilling holes and cutting glass.
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7. AUTOMATIC DISTANCE MEASURMENT AND BRAKINGSYSTEM USING
ULTRASONIC WAVES
Abstract
Till today, most devices developed for measuring distance worked on the same principle. The
measured distance is compared with a standard unit of length. One of these is the measurement
of time taken by the sound wave to cover a certain distance. This sound normally lies beyond
human hearing. The ultrasonic sensor is used to measure the distance in digital form and also
automatically braking the vehicle when the obstacle closer to the vehicle.
The aim is to design and develop a control system based an intelligent electronically controlled
automotive braking system is called “AUTOMATIC DISTANCE MEASURMENT AND
BRAKINGSYSTEM USING ULTRASONIC WAVES”. This Braking system is consists of
ultrasonic sensor, Control Unit, Pneumatic breaking system. The Ultrasonic sensor is used to
detect the obstacle. There is any obstacle in the path at a particular distance then, the ultrasonic
sensor senses the obstacle and giving the control signal to the breaking system. The pneumatic
breaking system is used to break the system. It is a microcontroller based system where the
driver has not worry about the breaking. Due to demo model we keep the distance shorter.
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8. FABRICATION OF ROBOTIC ARM
Abstract
A robotic arm is a robotic manipulator, usually programmable, with similar functions to a human
arm. It has about same number of degree of freedom as in human arm. Robotic devices are used
in all aspects of our world whether in automation for factories, businesses, personal prosthetics,
or used for off world exploration in space and on other planets, we rely on robotics every day to
reduce the costs of products and services and to make our lives easier. Since they are not good at
learning from their mistakes and they can’t readily adapt quickly to changes in the surrounding.
Robots to go in places where humans may not. It also provides mobility to people with
disabilities who must control them by other means. To develop truly useful robotic equipment,
the devices must be designed in a manner that considers a functional, precise, intuitive, and
simple interface though the problem is not suited for creativity or innovation and are not capable
for independent thinking. The purpose of this project is to design and develop such an interface
to provide control over a robotic arm from a remote location in a simulated environment
applicable to real-world scenarios.
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9. SMART CENTURION USING PLM
Abstract
Smartness in a city means different things to different people. It could be smart design, smart
utility, smart housing, smart mobility, smart technology etc. Thus it is rather difficult to give a
definition of a smart city. However, people migrate to cities primarily in search of employment
and economic activities beside be Zero quality of life.
Our project will focus to design 3D model Centurion Paralakhemundi Campus as a selfsustainable campus to meet all the necessary requirements of a smart college campus. We have
planned to execute this project using CATIA V5 CAD software. CATIA is a universal software
used in various industries, including aerospace, construction, machinery, and electronics. One of
the most remarkable features of CATIA V5 is the diversity of workbenches in the mechanical
design section, making the designed parts distinguishable. The design process occurs through
sequential stages starting from the initial design to the actual development of the product.
Various techniques have been employed to recover three-dimensional (3D) surfaces in the
redesign of products, customized designs, and the building of virtual environments.
Aim of this project to design the 3D model of CUTM, Paralakhemundi campus and to improve
the facility at the campus and make the college as SMART CENTURION.
Department of Civil Engineering.
1. RAPID CURING OF PRE-CAST CONCRETE.
Abstract
Curing is the maintenance of a satisfactory moisture content and temperature in concrete for a
period of time immediately following placing and finishing so that the desired properties may
develop. The need for adequate curing of concrete cannot be overemphasized. Rapid curing has a
strong influence on properties of hardened concrete, proper curing will increase durability,
strength water-tightness, abrasion resistance volume stability and resistance to freezing and
thawing and deicers. Curing should begin as the concrete stiffens to prevent marring or erosion
of the surface. Burlap sprayed with water is an effective method for moist curing. The most
effective method of rapid curing concrete depends on the materials used, method of construction
and intended use of the hardened concrete. For most jobs, curing generally involves applying
curing compounds, or covering the freshly placed and finished concrete with impermeable sheets
or wet burlap.
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2. WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM.
Abstract
In grid iron system the mains, sub main and branches all are interconnected with each other. A
well planned city or town can have this system and the pipe lines can follow them easily. Since
the water reaches at different places through more than one route the discharge to be carried by
each pipe, the frictional loss, and the size of pipe therefore get reduced. In case of repairs, very
small area will be devoid of complete supply as at least some supply will be reaching at the point
from some other route. Dead ends are completely eliminated. Circulation of water remains
continuous. During fire more water can be diverted towards the affected point from various
direction.24 hours water circulation will be available.
The main objective of this project is of changing the network distribution system of our
institution so that the water scarcity problem will be minimized. If any pipe line is getting
damaged the water can flow through other channels and distributed to all the main channels.
Although it is quite costlier compare to the other network distribution system but once it is
implemented it can be used for along span of time.
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3. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT.
Abstract
Solid waste is the unwanted or useless solid materials generated from combined residential,
industrial and commercial activities in a given area. It may be categorized according to its origin
(domestic, commercial, construction or institutional); according to its contents (organic material,
glass, metal, plastic paper etc); or according to hazard potential (toxic, non-toxin, flammable,
radioactive, infectious etc). A number of processes are involved in effectively managing waste.
These include monitoring, collection, transport, processing, recycling and disposal.
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M S Swaminathan School Of Agriculture
Department of Soil Science
1. VERMICOMPOSTING
Abstract
Vermicomposting is the product or process of composting utilizing various species of
worms, usually red wigglers, white worms, and earthworms to create a heterogeneous mixture of
decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast. Vermicast, similarly
known as worm castings, worm humus or worm manure, is the end-product of the breakdown of
organic matter by a species of earthworm. These castings have been shown to contain reduced
levels of contaminants and a higher saturation of nutrients than do organic materials before
vermicomposting. Containing water-soluble nutrients, vermicompost is an excellent, nutrientrich organic fertilizer and soil conditioner. This process of producing vermicompost is called
vermicomposting. By vermicomposting essentially speeding up Mother Nature’s process of
breaking down organic matter.
Using earthworms to convert organic wastes is an ecologically safe method that leads to
an environmentally safe product. Two types of earthworms are recommended for this, they are:
the Red Wiggler or manure worm (Eisensiafoetida), and the Red Worm, another manure worm
(EudrilusEugeniae). Vermicompost containing water-soluble nutrients and it is an excellent,
nutrient-rich organic fertilizer and soil conditioner.
Compost pit of any convenient dimension can be constructed in the backyard or garden or
in a field. It may be single pit, two pits or tank of any sizes with brick and mortar with proper
water outlets. The most convenient pit or chamber of easily manageable size is 2m x 1m x
0.75m. The size of the pits and chambers should be determined according to the volume of
biomass and agricultural waste. To combat the ants from attacking the worms, it is good to have
a water column in the center of the parapet wall of the Vermipits.
The ‘four tank’ or ‘four chamber’ method of pit construction is to facilitate easy and
continuous movement of earthworms from one chamber with fully composted matter to the one
with the pre-processed waste in the chambers.
Vermibed (vermes= earthworms; bed= bedding) is the actual layer of good moist loamy
soil placed at the bottom, about 15 to 20 cm thick above a thin layer (5 cm) of broken bricks and
coarse sand. Earthworms are introduced into the loamy soil, which the worms will inhabit as
their home. 150 earthworms may be introduced into a compost pit of about 2m x 1m x 0.75m,
with a vermibed of about 15 to 20 cm thick.Handful lumps of fresh cattle dung are then placed at
random over the vermibed. The compost pit is then layered to about 5 cm with dry leaves or
preferably chopped hay/straw or agricultural waste biomass. For the next 30 days the pit is kept
moist by watering it whenever necessary.The bed should neither be dry or soggy. The pit may
then be covered with coconut or Palmyra leaves or an old jute (gunny) bag to discourage
birds.Plastic sheets on the bed are to be avoided as they trap heat. After the first 30 days, wet
organic waste of animal and/or plant origin from the kitchen or hotel or hostel or farm that has
been pre-digested is spread over it to a thickness of about 5 cm. This can be repeated twice a
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week. All these organic wastes can be turned over or mixed periodically with a pickaxe or a
spade. Regular watering should be done to keep the right amount of moisture in the pits. If the
weather is very dry it should be dampened periodically.
The compost is ready when the material is moderately loose and crumbly and the color of the
compost is dark brown. It will be black, granular, lightweight and humus-rich. In 60 to 90 days
(depends up on the size of the pits) the compost should be ready as indicated by the presence of
earthworm castings (vermicompost) on the top of the bed. Vermicompost can now be harvested
from the bin/pit.
2. BIO-GAS PLANT
Abstract
A biogas plant is modern energy source and is suitable to the necessities of the future.
With the appropriate application of the digestion technology. The central purpose of the study is
to outline if any, the conditions under which biogas digesters would be feasible for small farmers
in the Indian country of all states. The production of biogas by anaerobic digestion of organic
waste is a mature expertise that may present tangible benefits to poultry producers. Biogas
technology can alleviate many grave problems in the developing countries, such as rural energy
scarcity, low agriculture yield, and poor public health. In addition through the utilization of
biogas technology toxic farm waste can be properly handled through anaerobic digestion;
generation of natural fertilizers and ultimately lead to an increase in output and income. Methane
gas generated during digestion process which used as fuel for cooking or lighting purpose. From
analysis it will become apparent that farmers using digesters systems have greater earnings or
benefits than those farmers who do not resulting in the preservation and increase viability of the
farm waste product of local area as well as Odisha, India.
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Centurion Public School
1. HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION.
2. SOLAR WATER PURIFIER.
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3. HYDRAULIC PRESSURE CRANE.
4. WATER INDICATOR AUTOMATIC ALARM.
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5. AUTOMATIC ON/OFF STREET LIGHT.
6. WIND TURBINE.
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