2013-2014
Heart of Texas
Targeted Occupations Guide
Setting the Standard for Service.
Table of Contents
Heart of Texas Targeted Occupations Guide: An Introduction . 3
Aircraft Mechanic or Service Technician . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Aircraft Structure, Surface, Rigging, and System Assembler. . . 5
Automotive Body and Related Repairer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Automotive Service Technician and Mechanic . . . . . . . . . . 7
Avionics Technician . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerk . . . . . . . . . . 9
Bus and Truck Mechanic and Diesel Engine Specialist. . . . . 10
Computer-Controlled Machine Tool Operator, Metal
and Plastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Computer Support Specialist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Customer Service Representative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Dental Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technician . . . . . . . . 15
Electrical Power-Line Installer and Repairer . . . . . . . . . . 16
Electrician . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Executive Secretary and Executive Administrative Assistant . . 18
First-Line Supervisor of Production and Operating Workers . . 19
Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanic
and Installer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Heavy & Tractor Trailer Truck Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Degree and Certification
Programs Legend
Industrial Engineering Technician . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Industrial Machinery Mechanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurse . . . . . . . 24
Hill – Hill College. Local
campuses in Hillsboro and
Clifton. Additional campuses located outside
Heart of Texas region.
MCC – McLennan
Community College.
Campus located in Waco.
Navarro – Navarro
College. Local campus in
Mexia. Additional campuses
located outside Heart of
Texas region.
TSTC – Texas State
Technical College. Local
campus in Waco. Additional
campuses located outside
Heart of Texas region.
Machinist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Maintenance and Repair Worker, General . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technician . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Medical Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Medical Records and Health Information Technician . . . . . . 29
Medical Secretary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Middle School Teacher, Except Special and Career/Technical
Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Nursing Aide, Orderly, and Attendant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Operating Engineer and Other Construction Equipment
Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Plumber, Pipefitter, and Steamfitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Police and Sheriff’s Patrol Officer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Radiologic Technologist and Technician . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Registered Nurse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Respiratory Therapist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Secondary School Teacher, Except Special and
Career/Technical Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Secretary and Administrative Assistant, Except Legal,
Medical, and Executive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant and System Operator .41
Welder, Cutter, Solderer, and Brazer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2
Workforce Solutions for the Heart of Texas
Menu of Workforce Solutions
Jobseeker Services
General Jobseeker Services
Workforce Solutions assists Jobseekers in all
of the following ways:
• Assistance with job searches, career
exploration, skill building activities, and
unemployment insurance
• Free job searches
• Classes for jobseekers including
resume writing, job application, and
interviewing skills
• Self-Service Resource Room equipped
with computers with Internet access,
fax and copy machines, and a selfservice library
• Supportive services including child
care and forms for financial assistance
• Consumer information on the quality of
educational and training providers
To learn about the basic jobseeker services
that Workforce Solutions provides, please
visit www.hotworkforce.com/Jobseeker.
Youth Jobseeker Services
Workforce Solutions assists youths in all
of the following ways:
• Receiving academic instruction
• Tutoring that supports success
• Job readiness activities
• Improving grades
• Completing high school or GED
• Locating and retaining employment
• Annual career exploration and
employment event
To learn more about the services that
Workforce Solutions provides that are
specific to youth jobseekers, please visit
www.YEStoyouth.com.
Veteran Jobseeker Services
Workforce Solutions assists veterans in all
of the following ways:
• On-the-job training programs
• Meeting qualifications
• Veteran representative contacts
• Vocational rehabilitation programs
• Work Opportunity Tax Credit
information
To learn more about the services that
Workforce Solutions provides that are
specific to veteran jobseekers, please visit
www.hotworkforce.com/Veterans.
Heart of Texas
Targeted Occupations Guide:
An Introduction
W
orkforce Solutions for the Heart of Texas is dedicated to growing the vital industries and occupations that comprise the Heart of Texas workforce. This document outlines
the 2013-2014 high-growth, high-demand targeted occupations
within the Heart of Texas region. The Heart of Texas Workforce
Development Board, Inc. compiled this list through an in-depth
industry analysis and compared their findings to a Bureau of Labor
Statistics report.
More specifically, this report was designed to provide information to
assist residents make career choices. A description of each highgrowth occupation includes:
• A brief summary of what the job entails, type of work it includes, and the typical work conditions
• The method of entry into the specific field of work
• Degree and certification programs through local colleges,
if applicable
• Expected openings and average earnings for the occupation
Through these target occupations, The Heart of Texas Workforce
Development Board, Inc. and Workforce Solutions for the Heart of
Texas are committed to improving and growing our local economy and
workforce, which means providing jobseekers like you the tools you
need to find your dream job and reach your goals.
Data Sources:
Bureau of Labor Statistics: Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2012-13 Edition,
http://www.bls.gov/oco/
Texas Workforce Commission / Labor Market and Career Information:
Standardized Occupational Components for Research and Analysis of Trends
in Employment System (SOCRATES), http://socrates.cdr.state.tx.us/
U.S. Department of Labor / Employment and Training Administration: O*NET,
http://online.onetcenter.org/
The Heart of Texas Targeted Occupations Guide refers to the “Heart of Texas area” or
“region” as the six counties Workforce Solutions for the Heart of Texas serves.
Setting the Standard for Service.
3
Aircraft Mechanic and Service Technician
Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians specialize in preventive maintenance.
They inspect aircraft engines, landing gear, instruments, pressurized sections,
accessories, and other parts of the aircraft, and do the necessary maintenance and
replacement of parts. They also keep records related to the maintenance performed on
the aircraft. Mechanics and technicians conduct inspections following a schedule based
on the number of hours the aircraft has flown, calendar days since the last inspection,
cycles of operation, or a combination of these factors. In planes of all sorts, aircraft
mechanics examine engines by working through specially designed openings. Mechanics
also may repair sheet metal or composite surfaces; measure the tension of control
cables; and check for corrosion, distortion, and cracks in the fuselage, wings, and tail.
After completing all repairs, they must test the equipment to ensure that it works properly.
Working Conditions
• Mechanics work in hangars, repair stations, or on the airfield “flight lines” where aircraft park.
• Mechanics work under time pressure to maintain flight schedules or, in general aviation, to
keep from inconveniencing customers. At the same time, mechanics have a tremendous
responsibility to maintain safety standards, and this can cause the job to be stressful.
• Frequently, mechanics must lift or pull objects weighing more than 70 pounds.
• They often stand, lie, or kneel in awkward positions and occasionally must work in
precarious positions, such as on scaffolds or ladders.
• Noise and vibration are common when testing engines, so ear protection is necessary.
• Aircraft mechanics usually work 40 hours a week on 8-hour shifts around the clock.
Overtime and weekend work is frequent.
Method of Entry
Most occupations in this area require training in vocational schools, related on-the-job
experience, or an associate’s degree. Previous work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is
required for these occupations. For example, an electrician must have completed three or four
years of apprenticeship or several years of vocational training, and often must have passed a
licensing exam, in order to perform the job. Employees in these occupations usually need one or
two years of training involving both on-the-job experience and informal training with experienced
workers. A recognized apprenticeship program may be associated with these occupations.
Training Programs
TSTC – Aviation Maintenance Technology Program
TSTC – Aircraft Power-plant Degree
TSTC – Aircraft Airframe Degree
TSTC – Aviation CareerEducation (ACE) Sponsorship Program
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Read more about this occupation at:
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/49-3011.00
Texas
Heart of Texas
4
Workforce Solutions for the Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
14,030
16,360
16.60%
$26.34
$54,787
150
170
13.30%
$20.04
$41,683
Aircraft Structure, Surface, Rigging, and System Assembler
Aircraft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, and Systems Assemblers, also called
Sheet Metal Assembler and Riveter (SMAR), Structures Technician, Helicopter
Mechanic, Aircraft Line Assembler, Assembly Riveter, Helicopter Technician, Line
Assembler, or Structures Mechanic, is classified as an occupation whose job duties
rely on moderate use of technology. These workers assemble, fit, fasten, and
install parts of airplanes, space vehicles, or missiles, such as tails, wings, fuselage,
bulkheads, stabilizers, landing gear, rigging and control equipment, or heating and
ventilating systems.
Working Conditions
• Usually work in hangars or other indoor areas which may not be climate controlled.
• Must wear common protective or safety equipment such as safety shoes, glasses, gloves, hearing protection, or hard hats due to exposure to hazardous equipment, high noise levels and/or exposure to potential contaminants.
• High importance for exactness and accuracy.
• Usually work 40 hours a week on 8-hour shifts. Overtime work may be required.
Method of Entry
These occupations usually require a high school diploma or GED. Some previous workrelated skill, knowledge or experience is usually preferred by employers. Employees in these
occupations need anywhere from a few months to one year of working with experienced
employees. A recognized apprenticeship program may be associated with these occupations.
In the Heart of Texas there are training programs available to make one more competitive in
securing employment in this or a related occupation.
Training Programs
TSTC – Aircraft Powerplant Technology Degree
TSTC – Airframe Mechanics and Aircraft Maintenance Technology Degree
TSTC – Avionics Maintenance Technology Program
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Texas
Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
4,030
5,380
33.50%
$23.07
$47,986
150
190
26.70%
NP
NP
Read more about this occupation at:
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/51-2011.00
Setting the Standard for Service.
5
Automotive Body and Related Repairer
Most of the damage resulting from everyday vehicle collisions can be repaired,
and vehicles can be refinished to look and drive like new. Automotive Body and
Related Repairers straighten bent bodies, remove dents, and replace crumpled
parts that cannot be fixed. They repair all types of vehicles, and although some work
on large trucks, buses, or tractor-trailers, most work on cars and small trucks.
Working Conditions
• Usually work in garage bays or other indoor areas which may not be climate controlled;
a great deal of time is spent standing.
• Must wear common protective or safety equipment such as safety shoes, glasses,
gloves, hearing protection due to exposure to hazardous equipment, high noise levels
and/or exposure to potential contaminants.
• High importance for exactness and accuracy.
• May work under time pressure to avoid inconveniencing customers.
• Usually work 40 hours a week on 8-hour shifts. Overtime work may be required.
Method of Entry
A high school diploma or GED is often all that is required to enter this occupation, but more
specific education and training is needed to learn how to repair newer automobiles. Collision
repair programs may be offered in high school or in postsecondary vocational schools and
community colleges.
Training Programs
TSTC – Auto Collision & Management Technology Program
TSTC – Auto Refinishing Certificate
TSTC – Auto Collision Repair Certificate
TSTC — Auto Collision & Management Degree
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Texas
Read more about this occupation at:
Heart of Texas
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/49-3021.00
6
Workforce Solutions for the Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
11,840
13,100
10.60%
$19.30
$40,144
150
160
6.70%
$27.99
$58,219
Automotive Service Technician and Mechanic
Automotive Service Technicians inspect, maintain, and repair automobiles and
light trucks that run on gasoline, electricity, or alternative fuels such as ethanol.
Automotive service technicians’ and mechanics’ responsibilities have evolved from
simple mechanical repairs to high-level technology-related work.
Working Conditions
• Generally, service technicians work indoors in well-ventilated and well-lighted repair shops. Although many problems can be fixed with simple computerized adjustments, technicians frequently work with dirty and greasy parts and in awkward positions.
• They often lift heavy parts and tools.
• Usually work a standard 40-hour week. Some may work evenings and weekends to satisfy customer service needs.
Method of Entry
Most employers regard the successful completion of a vocational training program in
automotive service technology as the best preparation for trainee positions. High school
programs, while an asset, vary greatly in scope. Graduates of these programs may need
further training to become qualified.
Training Programs
Hill – Automotive Technology Program
Hill — Automotive Technology - Basic Automotive Repair Technology Certificate
Hill — Automotive Technology - Advanced Automotive Engine Repair Tech Certificate
TSTC — Automotive Technology Program
TSTC — Toyota-Technical Education Network Degree
TSTC — Automotive Parts Specialist Certificate
TSTC — Automotive Technology Level 2 Certificate
TSTC — Heavy Line Technician Certificate
TSTC — Toyota Technician Level 2 Certificate
Acquiring National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE) certification is important
for those seeking work in large, urban areas.
Read more about this occupation at:
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/49-3023.00
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
53,820
61,170
13.70%
$17.83
$37,086
680
730
7.40%
$17.34
$36,067
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos181.htm
Texas
Heart of Texas
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
Setting the Standard for Service.
7
Avionics Technician
Avionics Technicians repair and maintain components used for aircraft navigation and
radio communications, weather radar system and other instruments and computers that
control flight, the engine and other primary functions. These systems are an integral part
of aircraft design and have vastly increased efficiency, capability and reliability of modern
aircraft.
Working Conditions
• Avionics technicians work in hangars or repair stations.
• Mechanics often work under time pressure to maintain flight schedules or, in general
aviation, to keep from inconveniencing customers.
• Technicians have a tremendous responsibility to maintain safety standards, and this can cause the job to be stressful.
• Usually work a standard 40-hour week.
Method of Entry
To work as an Avionics Technician, one must be at least 18 years of age, fluent in English, and
have a high school diploma or its equivalent in addition to having the needed technical skills.
Most learn their skills in an FAA-certified Aviation Maintenance Technician School.
Training Programs
TSTC – Avionics Program
TSTC — Avionics Ramp Testing Certificate
TSTC – Aviation Maintenance Technology Program
Avionics technicians who work on communications equipment must obtain a restricted radiotelephone operator license from the Federal Communications Commission.
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Texas
Read more about this occupation at:
Heart of Texas
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/49-2091.00
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos179.htm
8
Workforce Solutions for the Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
1,670
1,970
18.00%
$24.83
$51,646
30
40
33.30%
NP
NP
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerk
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks help to ensure that firms are
run efficiently, public records kept accurately, and its taxes paid properly and on
time. They analyze and communicate financial information for various entities such as
companies, individual clients, and government. Beyond carrying out the fundamental
tasks of the occupation, many accountants also offer budget analysis, financial and
investment planning, information technology consulting, and limited legal services.
Working Conditions
• Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks work in an office environment and use
computers on a daily basis. Clerks may have to sit for extended periods while reviewing detailed data.
• Many bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks work regular business hours and a standard 40-hour week, although some may work occasional evenings and weekends. About 1 out of 4 clerks worked part time in 2008.
• Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks may work longer hours to meet deadlines
at the end of the fiscal year, during tax time, or when monthly or yearly accounting audits are performed. Additionally, those who work in hotels, restaurants, and stores may put in overtime during peak holiday and vacation seasons.
Method of Entry
A high school degree is the minimum requirement. However, postsecondary education is
increasingly important and an associate degree in business or accounting is required for
some positions. The large size of this occupation ensures plentiful job openings, including
many opportunities for temporary and part-time work.
Training Programs
MCC — Accounting Certificate
Navarro — Accounting Assistant/Paraprofessional Certificate
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Read more about this occupation at:
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/43-3031.00
Texas
Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
131,900
155,600
18.00%
$17.08
$35,526
1,620
1,830
13.00%
$15.99
$33,259
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos144.htm
http://www.aipb.org/
Setting the Standard for Service.
9
Bus and Truck Mechanic and Diesel Engine Specialist
Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists repair and maintain
the diesel engines that power transportation equipment. Some diesel technicians
and mechanics also work on other heavy vehicles and mobile equipment, including
bulldozers, cranes, road graders, farm tractors, and combines. Other technicians
repair diesel-powered passenger automobiles, light trucks, or boats.
Working Conditions
• Technicians normally work in well-lighted and ventilated areas indoors, although they
occasionally repair vehicles on the road or at the jobsite.
• Many employers provide lockers and shower facilities.
• Diesel technicians may lift heavy parts and tools, handle greasy and dirty parts, and stand or lie in awkward positions while making repairs. Minor cuts, burns, and bruises are
common, although serious accidents can usually be avoided when safety procedures
are followed.
• Technicians may work as a team or be assisted by an apprentice or helper when doing heavy work, such as removing engines and transmissions.
• Most service technicians work a standard 40-hour week, although some work longer hours, particularly if they are self-employed. A growing number of shops have expanded their hours to speed repairs and offer more convenience to customers. Some truck and bus firms
provide maintenance and repair service around the clock and on weekends.
Method of Entry
High school courses in automotive repair, electronics, English, mathematics, and physics
provide a strong educational background for a career as a diesel service technician or mechanic.
Occupations at this level generally require completion of vocational school training. Some
programs last only a few weeks while others may last more than a year. In some occupations, a
license is needed that requires passing an examination after completion of the training.
Training Programs
TSTC — Diesel Equipment Technology Degree Program
TSTC — Heavy Truck Specialization Degree and Certificate
TSTC — DET Marine Specialization Degree and Certificate
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Read more about this occupation at:
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
19,810
23,360
17.90%
$19.45
$40,456
280
310
10.70%
$19.13
$39,790
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/49-3031.00
Texas
Heart of Texas
10
Workforce Solutions for the Heart of Texas
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
Computer-Controlled Machine Tool Operator, Metal and Plastic
Computer-Controlled Machine Tool Operators use computer numerically
controlled (CNC) machines to cut and shape precision products, such as
automobile, aviation, and machine parts. CNC machines operate by reading the
code included in a computer-controlled module, which drives the machine tool and
performs the functions of forming and shaping a part formerly done by machine
operators.
Working Conditions
• Most machine shops are clean, well lit, and ventilated. Most modern CNC machines are partially
or totally enclosed, minimizing the exposure of workers to noise, debris, and the lubricants used
to cool workpieces during machining.
• Since CNC machines can operate with limited input from the operator, a single operator may
monitor several machines simultaneously. Operators are expected to carefully schedule their
work so that all of the machines are always operating.
• People working in this occupation report fewer injuries than other manufacturing jobs; nevertheless, working around machine tools can be noisy and presents certain dangers, and workers
must follow safety precautions to minimize injuries.
• The job requires stamina, because operators stand most of the day and, at times, may need to
lift moderately heavy workpieces.
• Many computer control programmers and operators work a 40-hour week. CNC operators
increasingly work evening and weekend shifts as companies justify investments in expensive machinery by extending hours of operation. Overtime is common during peak production periods.
Method of Entry
The amount and type of education and training needed depends on the type of job. Entrylevel CNC machine operators may need only a couple of weeks of on-the-job training to reach
proficiency. High school diploma or GED is necessary with vocational school courses in
mathematics (trigonometry and algebra), blueprint reading, computer programming, metalworking,
and drafting. Apprenticeship programs consist of shop training and related classroom instruction.
In shop training, apprentices learn filing, handtapping, and dowel fitting, as well as the operation
of various machine tools. Classroom instruction includes math, physics, programming, blueprint
reading, CAD software, safety, and shop practices.
Training Programs
TSTC — Computerized Control Systems Degree
TSTC – Robotic Systems Degree
Read more about this occupation at:
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/51-4011.00
Texas
Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
7,020
9,640
37.30%
$17.89
$37,211
120
170
41.70%
$18.20
$37,856
Setting the Standard for Service.
11
Computer Support Specialist
Computer Support Specialists provide technical assistance to computer users.
Answer questions or resolve computer problems for clients in person, or via telephone
or electronically. May provide assistance concerning the use of computer hardware
and software, including printing, installation, word processing, electronic mail, and
operating systems. Excludes “Network and Computer Systems Administrators” (151142).
Working Conditions
• Computer support specialists normally work in well-lighted, comfort
laboratories.
• Most work about 40 hours a week.
•
considerable time working at a client’s location.
• As computer networks expand, more computer support specialists may be able to provide
technical support from remote locations. This capability would reduce or eliminate travel to
the customer’s workplace, and may allow some support specialists to work from home.
Method of Entry
A college degree is required for some computer support specialist positions, but an associate
degree or certification is sufficient for others. Strong problem-solving and communication skills
are essential.
Training Programs
Hill – Computer Science Degree
Navarro — Computer Information Technology Degree and Certificate
TSTC — Computer Maintenance Technology Degree
TSTC — Systems Maintenance Technology Certificate
TSTC — Home Technology Integration Certificate
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Texas
Read more about this occupation at:
Heart of Texas
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos306.htm
http://socrates.cdr.state.
tx.us/iSocrates/occprofiles/
occprofile.asp?soc=151150&reptype=&lwda=00
12
Workforce Solutions for the Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
52,240
62,910
20.40%
$ 23.96
$ 49,835
490
580
18.40%
$ 20.17
$ 41,948
Customer Service Representative
Customer Service Representatives are employed by many different types of
companies to serve as a direct point of contact for customers. They are responsible
for ensuring that their company’s customers receive an adequate level of service
or help with their questions and concerns. These customers may be individual
consumers or other companies, and their service needs can vary considerably. Confer
with customers by telephone or in person to provide information about products and
services, to take or enter orders, cancel accounts, or to obtain details of complaints.
Working Conditions
• Although customer service representatives work in a variety of settings, most work in
areas that are clean and well lit. Those who work in call centers generally have their own
workstations or cubicle spaces equipped with telephones, headsets, and computers.
• Because many call centers are open extended hours or are staffed around the clock,
these positions may require workers to take on early morning, evening, or late night shifts.
Weekend or holiday work is also common.
• Because peak times may not last for a full shift, many workers are part-time or work a split
shift. As a result, the occupation is well suited to flexible work schedules.
• The large size of this occupation ensures plentiful job openings, including many
opportunities for temporary and part-time work.
• Call centers may be crowded and noisy, and work may be repetitious and stressful, with little
time between calls. Also, long periods spent sitting, typing, or looking at a computer screen
may cause eye and muscle strain, backaches, headaches, and repetitive motion injuries.
Method of Entry
Most customer service representative jobs require a high school diploma or GED with the
employer providing on-the-job training to new employees that may last a few days or several
months. Good problem-solving and communications skills are critical in this occupation.
Some industries may require college coursework up to an Associate’s or even a Bachelor’s
if the service is highly technical.
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Read more about this occupation at:
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/43-4051.00
Texas
Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
200,880
241,030
20.00%
$14.30
$29,744
2,400
2,740
14.20%
$12.34
$25,667
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos280.htm
Setting the Standard for Service.
13
Dental Assistant
Dental Assistants work closely with, and under the supervision of, dentists.
They assist dentists with a variety of patient care, patient and equipment set-up,
and record keeping. Dental assistants should not be confused with the more
highly skilled Dental hygienists, who are licensed to perform clinical tasks.
Working Conditions
• Dental assistants work in a well-lighted, clean environment. Their work area is usually near
the dental chair so that they can arrange instruments, materials, and medication and hand
them to the dentist when needed.
• Dental assistants must wear gloves, masks, eyewear, and protective clothing to protect
themselves and their patients from infectious diseases. Assistants also follow safety
procedures to minimize the risks associated with the use of x-ray machines.
• Almost half of dental assistants work a 35- to 40-hour workweek. More than one-third
worked part time, or less than 35 hours per week, and others have variable schedules.
Depending on the hours of the dental office where they work, assistants may work on
Saturdays or evenings.
• Some dental assistants hold multiple jobs by working at dental offices that are open on
different days or by scheduling their work at a second office around the hours they work at
their primary office.
Method of Entry
The Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA) approves dental-assisting training
programs. Programs include classroom, laboratory, and preclinical instruction in dentalassisting skills and related theory. Most programs take 1 year to complete and lead to a
certificate or diploma. Two-year programs offered at community colleges lead to an associate
degree. Programs require a high school diploma or its equivalent. Private vocational schools
offer 4- to 6-month courses in dental assisting, but the Commission on Dental Accreditation
does not accredit these programs.
Training Programs
TSTC — Dental Assistant Certificate
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Read more about this occupation at:
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/31-9091.00
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos163.htm
http://www.dentalassistant.org/
Texas
Heart of Texas
14
Workforce Solutions for the Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
21,930
27,960
27.50%
$15.72
$32,698
230
290
26.10%
$15.80
$32,864
Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technician
Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technicians apply electrical and
electronic theory and related knowledge, usually under the direction of engineering
staff, to design, build, repair, calibrate, and modify electrical components, circuitry,
controls, and machinery for subsequent evaluation and use by engineering staff in
making engineering design decisions. Excludes Broadcast Technicians (27-4012).
Working Conditions
• Most engineering technicians work 40 hours a week in laboratories, in offices, in
manufacturing or industrial plants, or on construction sites.
• Some may be exposed to hazards from equipment, chemicals, or toxic materials, but
incidents are rare as long as proper procedures are followed.
Method of Entry
Although it may be possible to qualify for certain engineering technician jobs without formal
training, most employers prefer to hire someone with at least a 2-year associate degree
in engineering technology. People with college courses in science, engineering, and
mathematics may qualify for some positions but may need additional specialized training
and experience. Because many engineering technicians assist in design work, creativity
is desirable. Good communication skills and the ability to work well with others also are
important because engineering technicians are typically part of a team of engineers and other
technicians.
Training Programs
TSTC — Electrical Systems Technology Degree
TSTC — Electrical Construction Certificate
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Texas
Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
16,190
18,110
11.90%
$27.28
$56,742
170
190
11.80%
$30.08
$62,566
Read more about this occupation at:
http://socrates.cdr.state.tx.us/iSocrates/
occprofiles/occprofile.asp?soc=173023&reptype=&lwda=00
Setting the Standard for Service.
15
Electrical Power-Line Installer and Repairer
Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers, also called line erectors, install
and maintain the networks of power lines that go from generating plants to the
customer. All line installers construct new lines by erecting utility poles and towers,
or digging underground trenches, to carry the wires and cables.
Working Conditions
• The work of line installers and repairers can be very physically demanding. Line installers
must be comfortable working both at heights and in confined spaces. While bucket trucks
have reduced the amount of climbing workers must do, all line workers must be able to climb
utility poles and balance while working on them.
• Work often requires that they drive utility vehicles, travel long distances, and work outdoors
under poor weather conditions.
• Workers on the interstate power grid are often required to travel extensively for their job.
• Since line installers and repairers fix damage from storms, they may be asked to work long
and irregular hours during unpleasant weather. They can expect to frequently be on-call
and work overtime. When performing normal maintenance and constructing new lines, line
installers work more traditional hours.
Method of Entry
Most companies require a high school diploma or the equivalent. Employers look for people
with basic knowledge of algebra and trigonometry and good reading and writing skills.
Technical knowledge of electricity or electronics obtained through military service, vocational
programs or community colleges can be helpful, but is rarely required for new employees.
Community and technical colleges offer programs in telecommunications, electronics,
or electricity. Some programs work with local companies to offer 1-year certificates that
emphasize hands-on field work. More advanced 2-year associate degree programs provide
students with a broader knowledge of the technology used in electrical utilities.
Training Program
TSTC — Electrical Power Line Technician Certificate
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Read more about this occupation at:
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
9,070
11,380
25.50%
$25.25
$52, 562
170
200
17.60%
$25.56
$53,165
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/summary/49-9051.00
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos195.htm
Texas
Heart of Texas
16
Workforce Solutions for the Heart of Texas
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
Electrician
Electricians bring electricity into homes, businesses, and factories. They install and
maintain the wiring, fuses, and other components through which electricity flows.
Many electricians also install and maintain electrical machines in factories.
Working Conditions
• Electricians work indoors and out, at construction sites, in homes, and in businesses or
factories.
• The work may be strenuous at times and may include bending conduit, lifting heavy objects,
and standing, stooping, and kneeling for long periods.
• Most electricians work a standard 40-hour week, although overtime may be required.
Those who do maintenance work may work nights or weekends and/or be on call to go to
the worksite when needed. Electricians in industrial settings may have periodic extended
overtime during scheduled maintenance or retooling periods. Companies that operate 24
hours a day may employ three shifts of electricians.
Method of Entry
Most electricians learn their trade through apprenticeship programs. These programs combine
paid on-the-job training with related classroom instruction. Because of the comprehensive
training received, those who complete apprenticeship programs qualify to do both maintenance
and construction work. Apprenticeship programs usually last four years. Texas requires
electricians to be licensed, so they must pass an examination that tests their knowledge of
electrical theory, the National Electrical Code, and local and State electric and building codes.
Other skills needed to be an electrician include manual dexterity, eye-hand coordination,
physical fitness, and a good sense of balance. Electricians need good color vision because
workers frequently must identify electrical wires by color.
Training Programs
TSTC — Electrical Systems Technology Degree
TSTC — Electrical Construction Certificate
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
50,220
58,980
17.40%
$20.79
$43,243
690
800
15.90%
$17.94
$37,315
Read more about this occupation at:
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/47-2111.00
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos206.htm
Texas
Heart of Texas
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
Setting the Standard for Service.
17
Executive Secretary and Executive Administrative Assistant
Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants provide
high-level administrative support by conducting research, preparing statistical
reports, handling information requests, and performing clerical functions such
as preparing correspondence, receiving visitors, arranging conference calls,
and scheduling meetings. May also train and supervise lower-level clerical staff.
Excludes Secretaries (43-6012 through 43-6014).
Working Conditions
• Secretaries and administrative assistants usually work in schools, hospitals, corporate
settings, government agencies, or legal and medical offices.
• The job often involves sitting for long periods, and if a lot of time is spent keyboarding,
particularly at a computer monitor, problems of eyestrain, stress, and repetitive motion
ailments such as carpal tunnel syndrome may occur.
• The majority of secretaries and administrative assistants are full-time employees who work a
standard 40-hour week.
Method of Entry
High school graduates who have basic office skills may qualify for entry-level secretarial
positions. They can acquire skills in various ways. Training ranges from high school vocational
education programs that teach office skills and typing to 1- and 2-year programs in office
administration offered by business and vocational-technical schools, and community colleges.
Training Programs
Hill — Information Processing Program
MCC — Administrative Assistant Degree
MCC – Office Assistant Technology Certificate
Navarro — Business Information Technology Degree
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Texas
Heart of Texas
Read more about this occupation at:
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos151.htm
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/43-6011.00
18
Workforce Solutions for the Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
84,940
98,610
16.10%
$23.89
$49,691
1,100
1,220
10.90%
$21.07
$43,826
First-Line Supervisor of Production and Operating Workers
First-Line Supervisor of Production and Operating Workers supervises and
coordinates the activities of inspectors, precision workers, machine setters and
operators, assemblers, fabricators, and plant and system operators. They plan
and establish work schedules, assignments, and production sequences to meet
production goals. First line supervisors interpret specifications, blueprints, job orders,
and company policies and procedures for workers, and confer with management or
subordinates to resolve worker problems, complaints, or grievances.
Working Conditions
• Most production supervisors/managers divide their time between production areas and
their offices. While in the production area, they must follow established health and safety
practices and wear protective clothing and equipment. The time in the office, which often
is located near production areas, usually is spent meeting with subordinates or other
department managers, analyzing production data, and writing and reviewing reports.
• Many supervisors/managers work extended hours, especially when production deadlines
must be met. In facilities that operate around the clock, managers often work late shifts and
may be called at any hour to deal with emergencies. This could mean going to the plant to
resolve the problem, regardless of the hour, and staying until the situation is under control.
• Dealing with production workers as well as superiors when working under the pressure of
production deadlines or emergency situations can be stressful.
Method of Entry
Some industrial production managers enter the occupation after working their way up through
the ranks, starting as production workers and then advancing to supervisory positions.
These workers already have an intimate knowledge of the production process and the
firm’s organization. To increase one’s chances of promotion, workers can expand their skills
by obtaining a college degree, demonstrating leadership qualities, or taking courses to
learn the additional skills needed in management positions. Many managers have a college
degree in business administration, industrial technology, or industrial engineering. However,
although employers may prefer candidates with a business or engineering background, some
companies will hire well-rounded graduates from other fields who are willing to spend time
in a production-related job, because experience in some aspect of production operations is
needed before one advances to management positions.
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
46,610
51,810
11.20%
$28.97
$60,258
800
860
7.50%
$24.25
$50,440
Read more about this occupation at:
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/51-1011.00
Texas
Heart of Texas
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
Setting the Standard for Service.
19
Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanic and Installer
Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics install, maintain, and
repair such systems, which consist of many mechanical, electrical, and electronic
components, such as motors, compressors, pumps, fans, ducts, pipes, thermostats,
and switches. Because heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, and refrigeration systems
often are referred to as HVACR systems, these workers also may be called HVACR
technicians.
Working Conditions
• Heating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers work in homes, retail
establishments, hospitals, office buildings, and factories—anywhere there is climate-control
equipment that needs to be installed, repaired, or serviced. They may be assigned to
specific job sites at the beginning of each day or may be dispatched to a variety of locations
if they are making service calls.
• Technicians may work outside in cold or hot weather, or in buildings that are uncomfortable
because the air-conditioning or heating equipment is broken. In addition, technicians might
work in awkward or cramped positions, and sometimes they are required to work in high
places.
• The majority of mechanics and installers work at least 40 hours a week. During peak
seasons, they often work overtime or irregular hours. Maintenance workers, including those
who provide maintenance services under contract, often work evening or weekend shifts
and are on call.
Method of Entry
Many secondary and postsecondary technical and trade schools, and community colleges
offer 6-month to 2-year programs in heating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration. Students
study theory of temperature control, equipment design and construction, and electronics.
They also learn the basics of installation, maintenance, and repair. Heating, air-conditioning,
and refrigeration mechanics and installers are required to be licensed. A test must be passed
which requires knowledge of electrical codes and HVACR-specific knowledge. In addition, all
technicians who purchase or work with refrigerants must be certified in their proper handling.
Training Programs
Hill — Air Conditioning/Refrigeration Degree
TSTC — Air Conditioning & Refrigeration Technology Degree and Certificate
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Read more about this occupation at:
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos192.htm
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/49-9021.01
Texas
Heart of Texas
20
Workforce Solutions for the Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
24,050
30,760
27.90%
$19.55
$40,664
350
440
25.70%
$17.16
$35,693
Heavy & Tractor Trailer Truck Driver
Heavy & Tractor Trailer Truck Drivers provide a link between manufacturers and
consumers. Businesses, and occasionally individuals, contract with trucking and
warehousing companies to pick up, transport, store, and deliver a variety of goods.
The industry includes general freight trucking and specialized freight trucking.
Working Conditions
• Despite new technologies such as power steering, driving a truck is still a physically
demanding job. Driving for many hours at a stretch, loading and unloading cargo, and
making many deliveries can be tiring.
• Making the decision to work as a long-haul driver is a major lifestyle choice—drivers may be
away from home for days or weeks at a time, and they often spend a great deal of time alone.
• The U.S. Department of Transportation regulates work hours and other working conditions
of truck drivers engaged in interstate commerce. A long-distance driver may drive for no
more than 11 hours per day, and work a total of no more than 14 hours—including driving
and non-driving duties. Between working periods, a driver must have at least 10 hours off
duty. Drivers also cannot work more than 60 hours in a week without being off-duty for at
least 34 hours straight. Drivers are required to document their time in a log, which shows
working hours and mileage by day.
• Long-distance drivers often travel nights, holidays, and weekends.
• Local truck drivers frequently work 50 or more hours a week. Drivers who handle food for
chain grocery stores, produce markets, or bakeries typically work long hours—often late at
night or early in the morning. Most drivers have regular routes, although some have different
routes each day. Many local truck drivers—particularly driver/sales workers—do a considerable
amount of lifting, carrying, and walking. Local truck drivers usually return home each evening.
Method of Entry
Some enter the occupation by attending training schools for truck drivers, which require only
a high school education. Many large trucking companies have formal training programs that
prospective drivers attend. Other companies assign experienced drivers to teach and mentor
newer drivers.
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
141,030
168,410
19.40%
$19.42
$40,394
1,930
2,100
8.80%
$15.44
$32,115
Read more about this occupation at:
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/summary/53-3032.00
Texas
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos246.htm
Heart of Texas
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
Setting the Standard for Service.
21
Industrial Engineering Technician
Industrial Engineering Technicians study the efficient use of personnel, materials,
and machines in factories, stores, repair shops, and offices. They prepare layouts
of machinery and equipment, plan the flow of work, conduct statistical studies of
production time or quality, and analyze production costs.
Working Conditions
• In production facilities, workers are subject to common shop injuries such as cuts, bruises,
and strains. In the construction setting, workers must be careful of heavy equipment. They
also may work in awkward positions, including on top of ladders or in cramped conditions
under large machinery, which exposes them to additional hazards.
• To avoid injuries, workers must follow safety precautions and use protective equipment,
such as hardhats, safety glasses, steel-tipped shoes, hearing protectors, and belts.
• Because factories and other facilities cannot afford to have industrial machinery out of
service for long periods, mechanics may be on call or assigned to work nights or weekends.
Overtime is common among these occupations, as about 30 percent of employees worked
over 40 hours per week.
Method of Entry
All machinery maintenance and millwright worker positions require a high school diploma or
GED. However, employers increasingly prefer to hire machinery maintenance workers with
some training in industrial technology. Employers also prefer to hire those who have taken
high school or postsecondary courses in mechanical drawing, mathematics, blueprint reading,
computer programming, or electronics.
Training Programs
Hill – Industrial Mechanical Technology Degree
TSTC — Industrial Systems Technology Degree
TSTC — Industrial Systems Mechanic Certificate
TSTC — Industrial Maintenance Mechanic Certificate
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
3,890
4,660
19.80%
$28.64
$59,571
70
90
28.60%
NP
NP
Read more about this occupation at:
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/17-3026.00
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos112.htm
22
Texas
Heart of Texas
Workforce Solutions for the Heart of Texas
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
Industrial Machinery Mechanic
Industrial Machinery Mechanics are responsible for cleaning and lubricating
machinery, performing basic diagnostic tests, checking performance, and testing
damaged machine parts to determine whether major repairs are necessary. In carrying
out these tasks, maintenance workers must follow machine specifications and adhere
to maintenance schedules. Maintenance workers may perform minor repairs, but major
repairs are generally left to machinery mechanics.
Working Conditions
• In production facilities, workers are subject to common shop injuries such as cuts, bruises,
and strains. In the construction setting, workers must be careful of heavy equipment. They
also may work in awkward positions, including on top of ladders or in cramped conditions
under large machinery, which exposes them to additional hazards.
• To avoid injuries, workers must follow safety precautions and use protective equipment,
such as hardhats, safety glasses, steel-tipped shoes, hearing protectors, and belts.
• Because factories and other facilities cannot afford to have industrial machinery out of
service for long periods, mechanics may be on call or assigned to work nights or weekends.
Overtime is common among these occupations, as about 30 percent of employees worked
over 40 hours a week.
Method of Entry
All machinery maintenance and millwright worker positions require a high school diploma or
GED. However, employers increasingly prefer to hire machinery maintenance workers with
some training in industrial technology. Employers also prefer to hire those who have taken
high school or postsecondary courses in mechanical drawing, mathematics, blueprint reading,
computer programming, or electronics.
Training Programs
Hill – Industrial Maintenance Technology Degree
Navarro — Industrial Equipment Maintenance and Repair Certificate
TSTC — Industrial Maintenance Mechanic Certificate
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Read more about this occupation at:
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/49-9041.00
Texas
Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
31,020
43,480
40.20%
$23.04
$47,923
470
620
31.90%
$23.10
$48,048
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos353.htm
http://www.pmpa.org/
Setting the Standard for Service.
23
Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurse
As part of their work, these Licensed Nurses collect samples for testing, perform
routine laboratory tests, and record food and fluid intake and output. They clean and
monitor medical equipment, and occasionally help physicians and registered nurses
perform tests and procedures. Some nurses help to deliver, care for, and feed infants.
They also monitor their patients and report adverse reactions to medications or
treatments.
Working Conditions
• Most LPNs are generalists and will work in hospitals or other areas of healthcare, such as a
nursing home, a doctor’s office, or in home healthcare.
• Most licensed practical nurses work a standard 40-hour week. In some work setting where
patients need round-the-clock care, LPNs may have to work nights, weekends, and holidays.
• They often stand for long periods and help patients move in bed, stand, or walk.
• LPNs may face hazards from caustic chemicals, radiation, and infectious diseases. They are
subject to back injuries when moving patients. They often must deal with the stress of heavy
workloads. In addition, the patients they care for may be confused, agitated, or uncooperative.
Method of Entry
All States and the District of Columbia require licensed practical and vocational nurses to
pass a licensing examination, known as the NCLEX-PN, after completing a State-approved
practical nursing program. A high school diploma or its equivalent usually is required for entry,
although some programs accept candidates without a diploma, and some programs are part of
a high school curriculum. LPNs need to be observant, and to have good decision-making and
communication skills. As part of a healthcare team, they must be able to follow orders and work
under close supervision. LPNs should enjoy learning because continuing education credits are
required at regular intervals. Career-long learning is a distinct reality for LPNs.
Training Programs
Hill – Vocational Nursing Degree
MCC — Vocational Nursing Certificate
Navarro — Nursing Degree Program
Navarro — Licensed Vocational Nursing Certificate
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Read more about this occupation at:
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
70,620
89,910
27.30%
$20.73
$43,118
1,170
1,390
18.80%
$20.81
$43,285
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/29-2061.00
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos102.htm
http://www.nflpn.org/
24
Texas
Heart of Texas
Workforce Solutions for the Heart of Texas
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
Machinist
Machinists first review electronic or written blueprints or specifications for a
job before they machine a part. Next, they calculate where to cut or bore into the
workpiece—the piece of steel, aluminum, titanium, plastic, silicon or any other material
that is being shaped. They determine how fast to feed the workpiece into the machine
and how much material to remove. They then select tools and materials for the job,
plan the sequence of cutting and finishing operations, and mark the workpiece to show
where cuts should be made. After this layout work is completed, machinists perform
the necessary machining operations.
Working Conditions
• Many machine shops are relatively clean, well lit, and ventilated.
• Computer-controlled machines often are partially or totally enclosed, minimizing the exposure
of workers to noise, debris, and the lubricants used to cool workpieces during machining.
Nevertheless, working around machine tools presents certain dangers, and workers must
follow safety precautions. They also must exercise caution when handling hazardous
coolants and lubricants, although many common water-based lubricants present little hazard.
• The job requires stamina, because machinists stand most of the day and, at times, may need
to lift moderately heavy workpieces. Modern factories use autoloaders and overhead cranes
to reduce heavy lifting.
• Many machinists work a standard 40-hour week. Evening and weekend shifts are becoming
more common, as companies extend hours of operation to make better use of expensive
machines. Overtime work is common during peak production periods.
Method of Entry
There are many different ways to become a skilled machinist. Many entrants previously have
worked as machine setters, operators, or tenders. In high school, students should take math
courses, especially trigonometry, and, if available, courses in blueprint reading, metalworking,
and drafting. After high school, some machinists learn entirely on the job, but most acquire
their skills in a mix of classroom and on-the-job training. Machinists should be mechanically
inclined, have good problem-solving abilities, be able to work independently, and be able to
do highly accurate work (tolerances may reach 50/1,000,000ths of an inch) that requires
concentration and physical effort.
Training Program
Hill – Industrial Mechanical Technology Degree
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Read more about this occupation at:
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
29,920
37,140
24.10%
$19.28
$40,102
470
590
25.50%
$16.57
$34,466
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/51-4041.00
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos223.htm
Texas
Heart of Texas
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
Setting the Standard for Service.
25
Maintenance and Repair Worker, General
Most craft workers specialize in one kind of work, such as plumbing or carpentry.
General Maintenance and Repair Workers, however, have skills in many different
crafts. They repair and maintain machines, mechanical equipment, and buildings and
work on plumbing, electrical, and air-conditioning and heating systems. They build
partitions, make plaster or drywall repairs, and fix or paint roofs, windows, doors,
floors, woodwork, and other parts of building structures. They also maintain and repair
specialized equipment and machinery found in cafeterias, laundries, hospitals, stores,
offices, and factories.
Working Conditions
• General maintenance and repair workers often carry out many different tasks in a single
day, at any number of locations, including indoor and outdoor. They may work inside a
single building, such as a hotel or hospital, or be responsible for the maintenance of many
buildings, such as those in an apartment complex or college campus.
• They may have to stand for long periods, lift heavy objects, and work in uncomfortably hot or
cold environments, in awkward and cramped positions, or on ladders.
• Those employed in small establishments often work with limited supervision. Those in larger
establishments frequently work under direct supervision of an experienced worker.
• Some tasks put workers at risk of electrical shock, burns, falls, cuts, and bruises.
• Most general maintenance workers work a standard 40-hour week. Some work evening,
night, or weekend shifts or are on call for emergency repairs.
Method of Entry
General maintenance and repair workers often learn their skills informally on the job. They
start as helpers, watching and learning from skilled maintenance workers. Helpers begin by
doing simple jobs, such as fixing leaky faucets and replacing light bulbs, and progress to more
difficult tasks, such as overhauling machinery or building walls. Many maintenance and repair
workers learn some of their skills in high school shop classes and postsecondary trade or
vocational schools or community colleges.
Training Programs
Hill — Small Motor Repair Program
TSTC — Building Construction Technology Degree
TSTC — Building Construction Craftsman Certificate
TSTC — Air Conditioning & Refrigeration Degree and Certificate
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Read more about this occupation at:
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/49-9071.00
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos194.htm
Texas
Heart of Texas
26
Workforce Solutions for the Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
102,800
121,360
18.10%
$15.70
$32,655
1,440
1,610
11.80%
$13.17
$27,394
Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technician
Clinical laboratory testing plays a crucial role in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment
of disease. Clinical Laboratory Technologists — also referred to as clinical laboratory
scientists or medical technologists—and clinical laboratory technicians, also known as
medical technicians or medical laboratory technicians, perform most of these tests.
Working Conditions
• Clinical laboratory personnel are trained to work with infectious specimens. When proper
methods of infection control and sterilization are followed, few hazards exist. Protective
masks, gloves, and goggles often are necessary to ensure the safety of personnel.
• Working conditions vary with the size and type of employment setting. Laboratories usually
are well lighted and clean; however, specimens, solutions, and reagents used in the
laboratory sometimes produce fumes.
• Laboratory workers may spend a great deal of time on their feet.
• Hours of clinical laboratory technologists and technicians vary with the size and type
of employment setting. In large hospitals or in independent laboratories that operate
continuously, personnel usually work the day, evening, or night shift and may work weekends
and holidays. Laboratory personnel in small facilities may work on rotating shifts, rather than
on a regular shift. In some facilities, laboratory personnel are on call several nights a week or
on weekends, in case of an emergency.
Method of Entry
Medical and clinical laboratory technicians generally have either an associate degree from
a community college or a certificate from a hospital or a technical school. The National
Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS) fully accredits programs
for medical and clinical laboratory technologists, medical and clinical laboratory technicians,
histotechnologists and histotechnicians, cytogenetic technologists, and diagnostic molecular
scientists. NAACLS also approves programs in phlebotomy and clinical assisting.
Training Programs
MCC — Medical Lab Technician Degree
Navarro — Medical Laboratory Technology Degree
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Read more about this occupation at:
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
12,680
15,400
21.50%
$17.09
$35,547
170
200
17.60%
$17.32
$36,026
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/29-2012.00
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos096.htm
Texas
Heart of Texas
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
Setting the Standard for Service.
27
Medical Assistant
The duties of Medical Assistants vary from office to office, depending on the location
and size of the practice and the practitioner’s specialty. In small practices, medical
assistants usually do many different kinds of tasks, handling both administrative and
clinical duties and reporting directly to an office manager, physician, or other health
practitioner. Those in large practices tend to specialize in a particular area, under the
supervision of department administrators.
Working Conditions
• Medical assistants work in well-lighted, clean environments.
• They constantly interact with other people and may have to handle several responsibilities at
once.
• Most full-time medical assistants work a standard 40-hour week. However, medical
assistants may work part time, evenings, or weekends.
Method of Entry
Postsecondary medical assisting programs are offered in vocational-technical high schools,
postsecondary vocational schools, and community and junior colleges. Programs usually last
either 1 year and result in a certificate or diploma, or 2 years and result in an associate degree.
Training Programs
MCC — Medical Office Assisting Program
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Texas
Heart of Texas
Read more about this occupation at:
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/31-9092.00
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos164.htm
28
Workforce Solutions for the Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
Expected
Rate of
Growth over
10 years
Average
Hourly Wage
Average
Annual
Wages
47,810
63,040
31.90%
$13.59
$28,267
610
750
23.00%
$12.36
$25,709
Medical Records and Health Information Technician
Medical Records and Health Information Technicians assemble patients’ health
information, making sure that patients’ initial medical charts are complete, that all
forms are completed and properly identified and authenticated, and that all necessary
information is in the computer. They regularly communicate with physicians and other
health care professionals to clarify diagnoses or to obtain additional information.
Working Conditions
• Medical records and health information technicians work in pleasant and comfortable
offices. This is one of the few health-related occupations in which there is no direct handson patient care.
• Medical records and health information technicians usually work 40 hours a week. Some
overtime may be required.
• In health facilities that are open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, technicians may work day,
evening, and night shifts.
Method of Entry
Medical records and health information technicians generally obtain an associate degree from
a community college. Typically, community colleges offer flexible course scheduling or online
distance learning courses. Most employers prefer to hire credentialed medical record and
health information technicians. A number of organizations offer credentials typically based on
passing an exam. Most programs require regular recertification and continuing education to
maintain the credential.
Training Programs
Hill – Information Processing Degree
MCC — Medical Office Assistant Degree
MCC – Medical Transcription Certification
MCC — Pre-Health Medical Information Technician Degree
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Read more about this occupation at:
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/29-2071.00
Texas
Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
16,260
20,800
27.90%
$17.31
$36,005
210
250
19.00%
$15.76
$32,781
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos103.htm
http://www.ahima.org/
Setting the Standard for Service.
29
Medical Secretary
Medical Secretaries listen to dictated recordings made by physicians and other
health care professionals and transcribe them into medical reports, correspondence,
and other administrative material. They generally listen to recordings on a headset,
using a foot pedal to pause the recording when necessary, and key the text into a
personal computer or word processor, editing as necessary for grammar and clarity.
Working Conditions
• Medical secretaries work in hospitals, corporate settings, government agencies, or medical
offices.
• Their jobs often involve sitting for long periods. Spend a lot of time keyboarding may
cause problems of eyestrain, stress, and repetitive motion ailments such as carpal tunnel
syndrome.
• Most medical secretaries are full-time employees who work a standard 40-hour week.
Method of Entry
Employers prefer to hire secretaries who have completed postsecondary training in medical
transcription offered by many vocational schools, community colleges, and distance-learning
programs. Completion of a 2-year associate degree or 1-year certificate program is highly
recommended, but not always required. Many of these programs include supervised on-the-job
experience.
Training Programs
Hill – Medical Office Management Degree
MCC — Medical Secretary Technology Degree
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Texas
Heart of Texas
Read more about this occupation at:
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/43-6013.00
30
Workforce Solutions for the Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
59,790
85,600
43.20%
$14.44
$30,035
730
980
34.20%
$14.09
$29,307
Middle School Teacher, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
Middle School Teachers specialize in a specific subject, such as English, Spanish,
mathematics, history, or biology. They also may teach subjects that are career
oriented. In addition to conducting classroom activities, teachers oversee study halls
and homerooms, supervise extracurricular activities, and accompany students on
field trips. They also establish and enforce rules, adapt materials to meet students’
varying needs, and prepare, administer, and grade tests and assignments to evaluate
students’ progress. Excludes Career/Technical Education Teachers, Middle School
(25-2023) and Special Education Teachers (25-2050).
Working Conditions
• Seeing students develop new skills and gain an appreciation of knowledge and learning
can be very rewarding. However, teaching may be frustrating when one is dealing with
unmotivated or disrespectful students. Occasionally, teachers must cope with unruly
behavior and violence in the schools.
• Teachers may experience stress in dealing with large classes, heavy workloads, or old schools
that are run down and lack modern amenities. Accountability standards also may increase
stress levels, with teachers expected to produce students who are able to exhibit a satisfactory
performance on standardized tests in core subjects. Teachers are sometimes isolated from
their colleagues because they work alone in a classroom of students. However, some schools
allow teachers to work in teams and with mentors, to enhance their professional development.
• Many teachers work more than 40 hours a week, including school duties performed outside
the classroom.
• Most teachers work the traditional 10-month school year, with a 2-month vacation during the
summer, two week break in the winter, and one week in spring. During the vacation break,
they may teach in summer sessions for additional pay, take a temporary job, travel, pursue
personal interests., or enroll in college courses or workshops.
Method of Entry
Texas universities do not offer a degree in education. Every teacher must have an academic
major, as well as teacher training courses. The only exemption from the degree requirement is
for individuals seeking Career and Technology certification to teach certain courses, such as
welding or computer-aided drafting. To teach in a Texas school, you must pass the appropriate
teacher certification tests for the subject and grade level you wish to teach. Individuals who all
ready possess a bachelor’s degree may pursue an alternative certification program and enter
the classroom as a teacher in approximately one year.
Training Program
MCC — Alternative Teacher Certification Program
Navarro — Education Program
Read more about this occupation at:
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
http://socrates.cdr.state.
tx.us/iSocrates/occprofiles/
occprofile.asp?soc=252022&reptype=&lwda=00
Texas
Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
80,450
113,480
41.10%
$24.30
$50,544
1,170
1,670
42.70%
$21.89
$45,531
Setting the Standard for Service.
31
Nursing Aide, Orderly, and Attendant
Nursing Aides, Orderlies, and Attendants help care for physically or mentally ill,
injured, disabled, or infirm individuals in hospitals, nursing care facilities, and mental
health settings. Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants are among the occupations
commonly referred to as direct care workers, due to their role in working with patients
who need long-term care. The specific care they give depends on their specialty. A
Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) differs from a nursing assistant or nursing aide.
CNAs have completed a certified training program that helps them become prepared
to handle the stress of assisting and monitoring patients.
Working Conditions
• Work as an aide can be physically demanding. Aides spend many hours standing and
walking, and they often face heavy workloads. Aides must guard against back injury,
because they may have to move patients into and out of bed or help them stand or walk.
• Aides also may face hazards from minor infections and major diseases, such as hepatitis,
but can avoid infections by following proper procedures.
• Aides also perform tasks that some may consider unpleasant, such as emptying bedpans
and changing soiled bed linens. The patients they care for may be disoriented, irritable, or
uncooperative.
• Most aides work 40 hours a week, but because patients need care 24 hours a day, some
work evenings, nights, weekends, and holidays.
Method of Entry
Nursing aide training is offered in high schools, vocational-technical centers, some nursing care
facilities, and some community colleges. Courses cover body mechanics, nutrition, anatomy and
physiology, infection control, communication skills, and resident rights. Personal care skills, such
as how to help patients to bathe, eat, and groom themselves, also are taught. Full time training
programs take approximately six weeks and include clinical hours at a long-term care facility.
Some part time programs are offered in the evenings and weekends that will take longer to
complete. The Texas Nurse Aide Competency Evaluation must be passed following training to
obtain certification.
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Texas
Read more about this occupation at:
Heart of Texas
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/31-1012.00
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos327.htm
32
Workforce Solutions for the Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
94,090
118,710
26.20%
NP
NP
1,850
2,240
21.10%
NP
NP
Operating Engineer and Other Construction Equipment Operator
Construction Equipment Operators use machinery to move construction
materials, earth, and other heavy materials at construction sites and mines. They
operate equipment that clears and grades land to prepare it for construction of roads,
buildings, and bridges. They use machines to dig trenches to lay or repair sewer and
other pipelines and hoist heavy construction materials.
Working Conditions
• Bulldozers, scrapers, and especially pile-drivers are noisy and shake or jolt the operator.
Operating heavy construction equipment can be dangerous, and this occupation incurs
injuries and illnesses at a higher-than-average rate. As with most machinery, accidents
generally can be avoided by observing proper operating procedures and safety practices.
• Construction equipment operators often get dirty, greasy, muddy, or dusty. Some operators
work in remote locations on large construction projects, such as highways and dams, or in
factory or mining operations.
• Operators may have irregular hours because work on some construction projects continues
around the clock or must be performed late at night or early in the morning.
Method of Entry
Employers of construction equipment operators generally prefer to hire high school graduates,
although some employers may train non-graduates to operate some types of equipment. High
school courses in automobile mechanics are helpful. Mechanical aptitude and experience
operating related mobile equipment, such as farm tractors or heavy equipment, in the Armed
Forces or elsewhere is an asset. Construction equipment operators often need a commercial
driver’s license to haul their equipment to the various jobsites. Operators also need to be in
good physical condition and have a good sense of balance, the ability to judge distance, and
eye-hand-foot coordination. Some operator positions require the ability to work at heights.
Training Programs
TSTC — Agriculture Equipment Specialization Degree and Certificate
TSTC — Caterpillar Dealer Prep Program Specialization Degree
TSTC — Construction Equipment Specialization Degree and Certificate
TSTC — Heavy Truck Specialization Degree and Certificate
TSTC — John Deere Construction & Forestry Specialization Degree
TSTC — Diesel Equip Technology – Marine Specialty Degree and Certificate
TSTC — Outdoor Power Equipment Degree and Certificate
Read more about this occupation at:
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/47-2073.00
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos255.html
Texas
Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
33,220
40,680
22.50%
$17.45
$36,296
600
670
11.70%
$17.09
$35,547
Setting the Standard for Service.
33
Plumber, Pipefitter, and Steamfitter
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters install, maintain, and repair many different
types of pipe systems. For example, some systems move water to a municipal water
treatment plant and then to residential, commercial, and public buildings. Other
systems dispose of waste, provide gas to stoves and furnaces, or provide for heating
and cooling needs. Pipe systems in powerplants carry the steam that powers huge
turbines. Pipes also are used in manufacturing plants to move material through the
production process.
Working Conditions
• Plumbers work in commercial and residential settings where water and septic systems need
to be installed and maintained. Pipefitters and steamfitters most often work in industrial
and power plants. Pipelayers work outdoors, sometimes in remote areas, laying pipes that
connect sources of oil, gas, and chemicals with the users of these resources. Sprinklerfitters
work in all buildings that require the use of fire sprinkler systems.
• Because plumbers, pipelayers, pipefitters, and steamfitters frequently must lift heavy pipes,
stand for long periods, and sometimes work in uncomfortable or cramped positions, they
need physical strength and stamina. They also may have to work outdoors in inclement
weather.
• Plumbers, pipelayers, pipefitters, and steamfitters often work more than 40 hours a week
and can be on call for emergencies nights and weekends.
Method of Entry
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters enter into the occupation in a variety of ways. Most
residential and industrial plumbers get their training in career and technical schools and
community colleges and from on-the-job training. Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and
steamfitters who work for nonresidential enterprises are usually trained through formal
apprenticeship programs.
Training Program
TSTC — Plumbing & Pipefitting Specialization Certificate
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Read more about this occupation at:
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/47-2152.00
Texas
Heart of Texas
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos211.htm
34
Workforce Solutions for the Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
34,270
40,770
19.00%
$21.96
$45,677
420
490
16.70%
$24.75
$51,480
Police and Sheriff’s Patrol Officer
Uniformed Officers have general law enforcement duties, including maintaining
regular patrols and responding to calls for service. Much of their time is spent
responding to calls and doing paperwork. They may direct traffic at the scene of an
accident, investigate a burglary, or give first aid to an accident victim. In large police
departments, officers usually are assigned to a specific type of duty.
Working Conditions
• Law enforcement work can be very dangerous and stressful. Police and Sheriff Officers have
one of the highest rates of on-the-job injury and illness. In addition to the obvious dangers of
confrontations with criminals, police officers and detectives need to be constantly alert and
ready to deal appropriately with a number of other threatening situations.
• Uniformed officers, agents, and inspectors usually are scheduled to work 40 hours a week
but paid overtime is common. Shift work is necessary because protection must be provided
around the clock. Junior officers frequently work weekends, holidays, and nights. Police
officers and detectives are required to work whenever they are needed and may work long
hours during investigations.
• Officers in most jurisdictions, whether on or off duty, are expected to be armed and to
exercise their authority when necessary.
• The jobs of some Federal agents, such as U.S. Secret Service and DEA special agents,
require extensive travel, often on very short notice. These agents may relocate a number of
times over the course of their careers.
Method of Entry
Recruits attend a regional or State law enforcement academy for 12 to 14 weeks. Training
includes classroom instruction in constitutional law and civil rights, State laws and local
ordinances, and accident investigation. Recruits also receive training and supervised experience
in patrol, traffic control, use of firearms, self-defense, first aid, and emergency response.
Training Programs
Hill – Criminal Justice Degree
MCC — Criminal Justice Law Enforcement Degree and Certificate
MCC — Regional Police Academy
Navarro — Criminal Justice Degree
Navarro — Police Academy and In-Service Training Certificate
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Read more about this occupation at:
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/33-3051.01
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
56,460
67,980
20.40%
$25.06
$52,125
880
1,040
18.20%
$22.28
$46,342
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos160.htm
Texas
Heart of Texas
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
Setting the Standard for Service.
35
Radiologic Technologist and Technician
Radiologic Technologists and Technicians work with physicians, particularly
radiologists, and other health care professionals preparing patients for examinations
and performing X-rays. They also operate, adjust, and maintain equipment used to
show portions of the human body on X-ray film or fluoroscopic screens. Technologists
are generally qualified to x-ray any part of the body; whereas, Technicians may be
permitted to x-ray a very limited range of body parts.
Working Conditions
• Physical stamina is important in this occupation because technologists and technicians are
on their feet for long periods and may lift or turn disabled patients.
• Technologists and technicians work at diagnostic machines but also may perform some
procedures at patients’ bedsides. Some travel to patients in large vans equipped with
sophisticated diagnostic equipment.
• Although radiation hazards exist in this occupation, they are minimized by the use of lead
aprons, gloves, and other shielding devices, and by instruments monitoring exposure to
radiation. Technologists and technicians wear badges measuring radiation levels in the
radiation area, and detailed records are kept on their cumulative lifetime dose.
• Most full-time radiologic technologists and technicians work an average of 40 hours a week.
They may, however, have evening, weekend, or on-call hours.
Method of Entry
Texas requires that those who complete training apply to the Texas Department of Health for a
license as a Medical Radiologic Technologist.
Training Program
MCC — Radiologic Technology Degree
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Texas
Heart of Texas
Read more about this occupation at:
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos321.htm
http://socrates.cdr.state.
tx.us/iSocrates/occprofiles/
occprofile.asp?soc=292037&reptype=&lwda=00
36
Workforce Solutions for the Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
15,350
20,910
36.20%
NP
NP
210
270
28.60%
NP
NP
Registered Nurse
Registered Nurses (RNs), regardless of specialty or work setting, treat patients,
educate patients and the public about various medical conditions, and provide advice
and emotional support to patients’ family members. RNs record patients’ medical
histories and symptoms, help perform diagnostic tests and analyze results, operate
medical machinery, administer treatment and medications, and help with patient followup and rehabilitation.
Working Conditions
• Registered nurses work as staff nurses as members of a team providing critical healthcare.
• Nurses may spend a considerable amount of time walking, bending, stretching, and
standing. They are vulnerable to back injury when moving patients.
• Patients require 24 hour care, which means nurses could work nights, weekends, and
holidays. Nurses who work in office, schools, and other settings that do not provide 24 hour
care are more likely to work regular business hours.
• Registered nurses may be in close contact with individuals who have infectious disease and
with toxic, harmful, or potentially hazardous compounds, solutions, and medications.
Method of Entry
There are three major educational paths to registered nursing — a bachelor’s of science degree
in nursing (BSN), an associate degree in nursing (ADN), and a diploma. BSN programs,
offered by colleges and universities, take about 4 years to complete. In 2006, 709 nursing
programs offered degrees at the bachelor’s level. ADN programs, offered by community and
junior colleges, take about 2 to 3 years to complete.
Training Programs
Hill – L.V.N. to A.D.N. Transition Program
MCC — Associate Nursing Degree
Navarro — Nursing Degree
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Read more about this occupation at:
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/29-1111.00
Texas
Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
184,700
245,870
33.10%
NP
NP
2,700
3,360
24.40%
NP
NP
http://www.texasnurses.org/
Setting the Standard for Service.
37
Respiratory Therapist
Respiratory Therapy Technicians assess, treat, and care for patients with breathing
disorders. Assume primary responsibility for all respiratory care modalities, including
the supervision of respiratory therapy technicians. Initiate and conduct therapeutic
procedures; maintain patient records; and select, assemble, check, and operate
equipment.
Working Conditions
• Respiratory therapists work an average of 40 hours a week. Because hospitals operate
around the clock, therapists can work evenings, nights, or weekends.
• They spend long periods standing and walking between patients’ rooms.
• Respiratory therapists employed in home healthcare must travel frequently to patients’
homes.
• Respiratory therapists are trained to work with gases stored under pressure. Adherence
to safety precautions and regular maintenance and testing of equipment minimize the risk
of injury. As in other health occupations, respiratory therapists are exposed to infectious
diseases, but by carefully following proper procedures, they can minimize these risks.
Method of Entry
An associate degree is required to become a respiratory therapist. Training is offered at
the postsecondary level by colleges and universities, medical schools, vocational-technical
institutes, and the Armed Forces. Most programs award associate or bachelor’s degree and
prepare graduates for jobs as advanced respiratory therapists. A license is required to practice
as a respiratory therapist, and most employers require respiratory therapists to maintain a
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) certification.
Training Program
MCC — Respiratory Care Technology Degree
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Texas
Read more about this occupation at:
Heart of Texas
http://socrates.cdr.state.tx.us/iSocrates/
occprofiles/occprofile.asp?soc=291126&reptype=&lwda=00
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos321.htm
38
Workforce Solutions for the Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
10,300
14,050
36.40%
$26.05
$54,184
140
180
28.60%
$25.08
$52,166
Secondary School Teacher, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
Secondary School Teachers teach students in one or more subjects, such as
English, mathematics, or social studies at the secondary level in public or private
schools. May be designated according to subject matter specialty. Substitute
teachers are included in Teachers and Instructors, All Other (25-3099). Excludes
Career/Technical Education Teachers, Secondary School (25-2032) and Special
Education Teachers (25-2050).
Working Conditions
• Seeing students develop new skills and gain an appreciation of knowledge and learning
can be very rewarding. However, teaching may be frustrating when one is dealing with
unmotivated or disrespectful students. Occasionally, teachers must cope with unruly
behavior and violence in the schools.
• Teachers may experience stress in dealing with large classes, heavy workloads, or old
schools that are run down and lack modern amenities. Accountability standards also may
increase stress levels, with teachers expected to produce students who are able to exhibit
a satisfactory performance on standardized tests in core subjects. Teachers are sometimes
isolated from their colleagues because they work alone in a classroom of students.
However, some schools allow teachers to work in teams and with mentors, to enhance their
professional development.
• Many teachers work more than 40 hours a week, including school duties performed outside
the classroom.
• Most teachers work the traditional 10-month school year, with a 2-month vacation during the
summer, two week break in the winter, and one week in spring. During the vacation break,
they may teach in summer sessions for additional pay, take a temporary job, travel, pursue
personal interests, or enroll in college courses or workshops.
Method of Entry
Texas universities do not offer a degree in education. Every teacher must have an academic
major, as well as teacher training courses. The only exemption from the degree requirement is
for individuals seeking Career and Technology certification to teach certain courses, such as
welding or computer-aided drafting. To teach in a Texas school, you must pass the appropriate
teacher certification tests for the subject and grade level you wish to teach. Individuals who all
ready possess a bachelor’s degree may pursue an alternative certification program and enter
the classroom as a teacher in approximately one year.
Training Program
MCC – Alternative Teacher Certification Program
Navarro – Education Degree
Read more about this occupation at:
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
http://socrates.cdr.state.tx.us/iSocrates/
occprofiles/occprofile.asp?soc=252031&reptype=&lwda=00
Texas
Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
111,570
143,930
29.00%
$25.00
$52,000
1,630
2,120
30.10%
$22.70
$47,216
Setting the Standard for Service.
39
Secretary and Administrative Assistant, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive
Secretaries and Administrative Assistants perform routine clerical and administrative
functions such as drafting correspondence, scheduling appointments, organizing and
maintaining paper and electronic files, or providing information to callers. Other common
tasks include answering the telephone, collecting and disbursing funds, arranging travel,
conducting informational searches, establishing work procedures, operating assorted
office equipment, greeting visitors, making photocopies, managing various company
projects, ordering office supplies, taking dictation, and managing other clerical staff.
Working Conditions
• Secretaries and Administrative Assistants usually work in schools, hospitals, corporate
settings, government agencies, or legal and medical offices.
• The job often involves sitting for long periods, and if a lot of time is spent keyboarding,
particularly at a computer monitor, problems of eye strain, stress, and repetitive motion
ailments such as carpal tunnel syndrome may occur.
• The majority of Secretaries and Administrative Assistants are full-time employees who work
a standard 40-hour.
Method of Entry
Most occupations in this area require basic office, computer, and English grammar skills, which
can be obtained through high school vocational education programs, vocational–technical
schools, or community colleges. Many temporary placement agencies also provide formal
training in computer and office skills. Employers of more specialized positions, including medical
and legal secretaries, often require applicants to have some knowledge of industry-specific
terminology and practices. Community colleges and vocational-technical schools usually offer
instruction in these areas.
Training Program
Hill – Information Processing Program
MCC – Administrative Assistant Degree
MCC – Office Assistant Technology Certificate
Navarro – Business Information Technology Degree
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
Read more about this occupation at:
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/43-6014.00
40
Texas
Heart of Texas
Workforce Solutions for the Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
170,850
187,170
9.60%
$14.91
$31,013
2,250
2,360
4.90%
$13.43
$27,934
Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant and System Operator
Treatment Plant Operators read, interpret, and adjust meters and gauges to make
sure that plant equipment and processes are working properly. Operators control
chemical-feeding devices, take samples of the water or wastewater, perform chemical
and biological laboratory analyses, and adjust the amounts of chemicals, such as
chlorine, in the water.
Working Conditions
• Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators work both indoors and
outdoors and may be exposed to noise from machinery and to unpleasant odors.
• Operators’ work is physically demanding and often is performed in locations that are difficult
to access or unclean. They must pay close attention to safety procedures because of the
presence of hazardous conditions.
• Plants operate 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. In small plants, operators may work during
the day and be on call in the evening, at night, and on weekends. Medium-size and large
plants that require constant monitoring may employ workers in three 8-hour shifts. Because
larger plants require constant monitoring, weekend and holiday work is generally required.
Method of Entry
In accordance with State law, Texas Water Code Chapter 37 and Texas Occupations Code,
Chapter 1904.052, any individual who installs and services fixed or portable equipment in public
or private systems in the State of Texas for the analysis and treatment of potable water to alter or
purify the water or to add or remove a mineral, chemical, or bacterial content must be a Licensed
Water Treatment Specialist. A Class I license is the entry level and has no requirements for
application; Class II license requires three years experience with no high school diploma, 2 years
experience with a diploma or GED, or one year experience with one year of college; the Class III
License requires at least a diploma or GED and years of experience relative to higher educational
attainment (See http://www.twqa.org/training_tceq.php).
Training Programs
The Texas Water Quality Association develop and sponsor training around the state and
facilitate the testing and licensing program administered under the auspices of the Texas
Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ). Certification under the Water Treatment
Specialist (WTS) program assures that individuals are well trained in water treatment
application, installation, service and ongoing maintenance practices, and that their work will
help to protect public health.
Read more about this occupation at:
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/51-8031.00
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
10,040
12,180
21.30%
$16.59
$34,507
160
190
18.80%
$15.77
$32,802
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos229.htm
Texas
Heart of Texas
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
Setting the Standard for Service.
41
Welder, Cutter, Solderer, and Brazer
There are over 80 different welding processes that a Welder, Cutter, Solderer,
and Brazer can employ. Some are performed manually, and the work is entirely
controlled by the welder. Others are semiautomatic, and the welder uses machinery,
such as a wire feeder, to perform welding tasks. Welders use hand-welding, flamecutting, hand soldering, or brazing equipment to weld or join metal components or
to fill holes, indentations, or seams of fabricated metal products.
Working Conditions
• Welding, soldering, and brazing workers often are exposed to a number of hazards,
including very hot materials and the intense light created by the arc. They wear safety shoes,
goggles, masks with protective lenses, and other devices designed to prevent burns and
eye injuries and to protect them from falling objects. The Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) requires that welders work in safely ventilated areas to avoid the
danger from inhalation of gases and particulates that can result from welding processes.
• Automated welding, soldering, and brazing machine operators are not exposed to as many
dangers, and a face shield or goggles provide adequate protection for these.
• Welders and cutters may work outdoors, often in inclement weather, or indoors, sometimes
in a confined area designed to contain sparks and glare. Outdoors, they may work on a
scaffold or platform. In addition, they may be required to lift heavy objects and work in
awkward positions while bending, stooping, or standing to work overhead.
• Although about 50 percent of welders, solderers, and brazers work a 40-hour week,
overtime is common, and about 20% of welders 50 hours a week or more. Many
manufacturing firms offer two or three shifts, ranging from 8 to 12 hours.
Method of Entry
High school graduates and GED recipients may enter this occupation with most employers
requiring completion of vocational training. Some programs last only a few weeks and
award a certificate, while others may last a year or more and prepare the student for industry
recognized credential or an associates degree. Some welders must earn a license by passing
an examination after completion of the training.
Training Programs
Hill – Welding Degree
Navarro — Welding Certificate
TSTC — Welding Technology Degree
TSTC — Combination Welding Certificate
Read more about this occupation at:
Opportunities and Wages in Texas and in the Heart of Texas
http://online.onetcenter.org/link/
summary/51-4121.00
http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos226.htm
Texas
Heart of Texas
42
Workforce Solutions for the Heart of Texas
Number of
Jobs in 2010
Expected
Number in
2020
Expected
Average
Rate of
Hourly Wage
Growth Over
10 Years
Average
Annual
Wages
44,740
55,350
23.70%
$18.32
$38,106
650
790
21.50%
$20.67
$42,994
Notes
Setting the Standard for Service.
43
Workforce Solutions
Center Locations
Falls County
Workforce Solutions Center
230 Coleman Street
Marlin, TX 76661
p: (254) 883-5678
f: (254) 883-3778
Freestone County
Workforce Solutions Center
517 Main Street
Teague, TX 75860
p: (254) 739-2887
f: (254) 739-5151
Hill County
Workforce Solutions Center
233 E. Elm Street
Hillsboro, TX 76645
p: (254) 582-8588
f: (254) 582-8182
Administrative Offices
McLennan County
Workforce Solutions Center
1416 S. New Road
Waco, TX 76711
p: (866) 982-9226
f: (254) 754-8914
801 Washington Avenue
Suite 700
Waco, TX 76701
p:(254) 296-5300
f: (254) 753-3173
www.hotworkforce.com
Setting the Standard for Service.
produced by pat davis design group, inc. www.pddesign.com
The Heart of Texas Workforce Development Board, Inc. is an equal opportunity employer/program and auxiliary aids and services are available upon request to include
individuals with disabilities. TTY/TDD via RELAY Texas service at 711 or (TDD) 1-800735-2989 / 1-800-735-2988 (voice).
2013 • 01