Maps and Data
by Sector
Climate Change Vulnerability in Sri Lanka
Climate Change
Vulnerability
Data Book
Data Book Development Team:
Mahakumarage Nandana - GIS Specialist, Nayana Mawilmada - Team Leader/Strategic
Planning Specialist, Sithara Atapattu - Deputy Team Leader/Coastal Ecologist, Jinie Dela Environmental Specialist, Aloka Bellanawithana - Project Assistant.
Acknowledgements
The team appreciates and would like to acknowledge all the support provided by the
Climate Change Secretariat, Ministry of Environment and the Asian Development Bank
on this initiative. The team would also like to extend their sincere gratitude to all the
stakeholders who have worked with, guided, and encouraged them over the past months.
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Ministry of Environment, Sri Lanka
January 2011
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Contents Page
Table of Contents
i
Abbreviations and Acronyms
iii
Introduction
1
Mapping Methodology
3
Limitations
Maps and Data by Sector
Information Included in the Data Book
Data Sources
Urban Development, Human Settlements and Economic Infrastructure
Human Settlements
Transport Infrastructure
Tourism
Water for Domestic Needs and Irrigation
4
5
5
6
7
7
33
51
61
Drinking Water
61
Irrigation Water
Agriculture and Fisheries
79
87
Paddy
Plantations
Fisheries
Livestock
Health
Vulnerability to Dengue
Vulnerability to Dysentery
Vulnerability to Leptospirosis
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
Appendices
Appendix A – Exposure Maps
Appendix B – District Data Tables
87
105
119
135
151
152
158
164
171
179
180
184
i
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Abbreviations & Acronyms
ADB
Asian Development Bank
CC
Climate Change
CCS
Climate Change Secretariat
DMC
Disaster Management Center
DSD
Divisional Secretariat Divisions
GDP
Gross Domestic Product
GN
Grama Niladari
GIS
Geographic Information Systems
GOSL
Government of Sri Lanka
IEC
Information, Education and Communication
IPCC
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IWMI
International Water Management Institute
MOH
Medical Office for Health
NCCAS
National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy
SLTDA
Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority
SVP
Sector Vulnerability Profile
TA
Technical Assistance
iii
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
INTRODUCTION
In 2009, responding to a request from the Government of Sri Lank (GOSL), the Asian Development Bank
(ADB) initiated a technical assistance (TA) project titled “Strengthening Capacity for Climate Change
Adaptation”. The TA was implemented through the Climate Change Secretariat (CCS) of the Ministry of
Environment. Working with and through the CCS, the project aimed to increase Sri Lanka’s resilience to
climate change impacts, whilst pursuing sustainable economic development and natural environment
conservation. It also was expected to stimulate improved effectiveness and better organization of
stakeholders to address climate change adaptation in Sri Lanka. The primary goal of the TA was to
support the GOSL initiative to adapt key sectors in the economy and safeguard Sri Lanka’s national
interest against climate change threats. The primary outputs of the TA were Sector Vulnerability Profiles
(SVPs), the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (NCCAS), and the Information Education and
Communications (IEC) Strategy.
One of the key components of the SVPs, which forms much of the background for the NCCAS, was a GIS
vulnerability mapping exercise, carried out to get a sense of the scale and spatial distribution of potential
climate change vulnerabilities in the country. Vulnerability mapping was carried out for the five key
sector groupings considered critical for national development:
 Urban Development, Human Settlements and Economic Infrastructure
 Water
 Agriculture and Fisheries
 Health
 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
Each sub-sector’s vulnerability to expected increases in floods, droughts, landslides as well as sea level
rise have been considered in the mapping process. The mapping methodology and indices used are
discussed in detail later on.
The purpose of this data book is to make the data collected and processed for this exercise readily
available to all interested. It is also expected that such data availability will encourage interested parties
to refine the findings and methodology further, and also to ensure that there is a base line for future
comparisons.
1
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
MAPPING METHODOLOGY
According to the IPCC, vulnerability is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to cope
with adverse effects of climate change. Vulnerability is a function of the character, magnitude and rate
of climate variation and its effects to which a system is exposed, its sensitivity, and its adaptive capacity.
Exposure means the nature and degree to which a system is exposed to significant climatic variations.
Sensitivity is the degree to which a system is affected either adversely or beneficially by climate related
stimuli. Adaptive capacity is the ability of the system to adjust to climate change to moderate potential
damages, to take advantage of new opportunities or to cope with the consequences
The vulnerability mapping exercise undertaken1 as part of NCCAS development process builds on this
IPCC assertion and definition of vulnerability.
The analysis is intended for use as a macro level planning tool, to illustrate where sector-specific
vulnerability is high, in relative terms, across the nation, and to guide decisions on prioritization and
targeting of potential climate change adaptation responses
The basic methodology involved in the GIS mapping was to develop indices for exposure, sensitivity,
and adaptive capacity relevant to each given sector. These three indices were then combined to create
a composite sector-specific vulnerability index. The analysis is largely based on publicly available data
sources. Areas where complete and comparable data sets of relevant indicators could not be obtained
(such as the North and East where census data is not available) were not analyzed, and will need to be
evaluated at a future stage, perhaps after the 2011 census is complete. The mapping process involved
several key steps:
1. Developing Common Exposure Indices:
Separate Exposure Indices for flood, drought, and landslide exposure up to a DS division level of detail
were developed based on historic data on the frequency and scale of disaster events (assessed in terms of
number of people affected) from the Disaster Management Centre (DMC). Available data ranging from
1974 to 2008 were used.
The Exposure Index for sea level rise was based on a ratio of the area of land within 2M above sea level
as a percentage of total land area within 5km from the coastline in each DS Division. Topography data
for the index was obtained from the ASTER 30M Digital Elevation Model.
The above Exposure Indices are common across all sectors. (see Appendix A)
2. Developing Sector-specific Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity Indices
While exposure levels to hazards (i.e. floods, landslides, droughts and sea level rise) are common to
all sectors, sensitivity and adaptive capacity vary substantially. The Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity
Indices are unique to each sector and the indicators used in their formulation are given in the following
pages along with the vulnerability maps.
The primary challenge in developing the sector specific Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity Indices was
obtaining complete and comparable datasets of relevant indicators that covered the entire nation at the
required level of detail. Most of the demographic data used in developing these indices was extracted
from the 2001 National Census—in which no data were available for the North and East of the country.
No viable and reliable alternative source of comparable demographic data exists. Therefore, vulnerability
of the North and East could not be clearly assessed in some sectors.
3. Deriving the Vulnerability Indices
As IPCC asserts, vulnerability is a combination of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Therefore,
to arrive at sector-specific assessments of vulnerability to various exposure types, the three relevant
indices were combined by taking their averages. For example, to understand vulnerability of the drinking
water sector to drought exposure, the following indices were combined: Drought Exposure Index,
Drinking Water Sensitivity Index, and Drinking Water Adaptive Capacity Index.
1
IWMI’s CC Vulnerability Index as in Eriyagama et. al., 2010 was used as a starting point and substantially refined for finer grain and
sector specific analysis.19
3
Certain exposure types (i.e. landslides, floods, droughts, and sea level rise) do not substantially impact
some sectors. Therefore, only exposure types relevant to each sector were analyzed and illustrated.
4. Filtering and Refining the Indices
The raw indices include distortions. Some DSDs have little or no exposure to certain hazards, while
others have little or no sensitivity. For example, some DSDs did not have any incidence of landslides
historically, and hence had a zero value for exposure. Similar instances apply to sensitivity. For example,
a DSDs with no hotel or guest house rooms will have a zero value in its Sensitivity Index, while a DSD
with just 10 rooms will be negligible in terms of its sensitivity. Yet when values from all indices for such
a DSD are combined, some level of vulnerability is indicated.
To remedy this distortion, the datasets were filtered. All DSDs with either exposure or sensitivity falling
within the lowest 5th percentile were removed. The Vulnerability Indices were then recomputed. So
DSDs with negligible levels of sensitivity or exposure were excluded from the refined Vulnerability
Indices.
5. Classification and Data Mining
Once Vulnerability Indices for specific sectors to specific exposure types were established, each index
was then ranked and DS divisions classified into four categories based on natural breaks in the index
values. These were then mapped geographically, to illustrate rather clearly, the geographic distribution of
vulnerability across key sectors.
Besides being able to visually illustrate the distribution of vulnerability, the mapping exercise also enables
us to unlock a wealth of data about the scale of vulnerability in given sectors. For example, once we
know which DSDs have transport sectors highly vulnerable to flood exposure—we can then, through
simple assessment of public data sets, uncover how many kilometres of roads and railroads are in those
DSDs, understand the demographics of the underlying communities, etc.
Limitations
As with most similar initiatives, this mapping exercise is limited in scope and should be refined on an
ongoing basis, based on detailed data which may become available from various agencies. The DSDlevel analysis performed for most sectors, is useful as a macro-level planning tool. However, it is not finegrain enough to do local-level planning or detailed assessments. Demographic data was from the 2001
National Census, the best source available at the time of the study, but lacked effective coverage of the
North and East (due to the conflict).
It was not possible to get DSD level data for the health and biodiversity sectors. The Ministry of Health
collects data by what it calls “MOH Areas”, boundaries of which are poorly defined and not congruent
with DSD boundaries. Therefore, the District level—where data were available—was used as the unit of
analysis. Biodiversity data was also very limited, and again analysis was only performed up to a district
level, where data were available.
It is noted that relevant agencies are carrying out detailed hazard mapping at the national and regional
levels.2 Also, more up-to-date demographic and other information, covering the entire country will
be available when the 2011 is complete. It is strongly recommended, therefore, that the vulnerability
mapping exercise is repeated in a few years.
2
For example, the Disaster Management Centre is currently coordinating a detailed risk profiling exercise for the major disaster
types, at a much higher level of detail, in collaboration with the Coast Conservation Department, Irrigation Department, the
National Building Research Organization, and several others. The maps generated through the DMC exercise would provide much
finer grain information for exposure indices.
4
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
MAPS AND DATA BY SECTOR
INFORMATION INCLUDED IN THE DATABOOK
This databook is intended as a resource for researchers and planners involved in understanding and
developing responses to climate change in Sri Lanka. It includes the complete set of climate change
vulnerability maps and pertinent data produced by the ADB-financed consulting team as part of Sri
Lanka’s NCCAS development process.
The following pages are organized into several sections, in line with the Sector Vulnerability Profiles,
also produced as part of the NCCAS process:
 Urban Development, Human Settlements and Economic Infrastructure
R
R
R
Human Settlements
Transport
Tourism
 Water
R
R
Drinking Water
Irrigation
 Agriculture and Fisheries
R
R
R
R
Paddy
Plantations
Fishery
Livestock
 Health
R
R
R
Dengue
Dysentary
Leptospirosis
 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
Each subsection starts with a very brief introduction to the sector concerned. This is followed by the
indicators used in the Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity Indices used, as well as some key findings from
analysis of the map on each facing page.
The data table following each map lists rankings and classifications of the DSDs as illustrated. A range of
comparable data on physical characteristics, demographics, and sector-specific indicators for each DSD
are also provided.
A wealth of additional data on the characteristics of specific DSDs can be found in the statistics released
by the Department of Census and Statistics. District level data for all indicators included in this databook
are available in Appendix B to allow for easy comparisons as required.
It must be noted that each map illustrates the potential vulnerability of one given sub-sector, to one
particular exposure-type (i.e. sea level rise, floods, droughts, or landslides) based purely on historical
data. Only exposure types considered relevant to a particular sub-sector are analyzed and illustrated.
Areas in white indicate that adequate comparable data was not available to perform the analysis to
establish levels of vulnerability. Areas indicated as (no vulnerability) are DSDs eliminated from the
indices either because they had insignificant exposure (historically) to the type of exposure concerned,
or had minimal sensitivity to impacts on the sector being mapped (refer to methodology for further
explanation).
5
DATA SOURCES:
The raw data sources used for the mapping exercise are given below and will be indicated by the
respective letter in the data tables.
a - Calculated by the TA team
b - Census of Population and Housing -2001, Department of Census and Statistics
c - Household Income and Expenditure Survey - 2006/07 Department of Census and Statistics, http://
www.statistics.gov.lk/poverty/PovertyIndicators.pdf
d - Census of Agriculture, 2002, Department of Census & Statistics
e - 1:50,000 Topographic Maps – Department of Survey
f - Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority
g - Asweddumized Extent of Paddy by Mode of Irrigation and DS Division 2005/06 Maha, http://www.
statistics.gov.lk/agriculture/Paddy%20Statistics/PaddyStats.htm Department of Census and Statistics
h - Department of Coast Conservation
i - Estimated Mid-year Population by Sex and District - 2010, Department of Census and Statistics,
http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/Mid%20Year%20Population/midyearsex%20&district.pdf
h - Statistical Abstract – 2009, Department of Census & Statistics http://www.statistics.gov.lk/
abstract2009/chapters/Chap1/AB1-1.pdf
j - Ministry of Health
k - Epidemiology Unit
l - Red List of Threatened Fauna and Flora of Sri Lanka , 2007
m - World Health Organization
Note: Some maps and statistics in this data book are different from those published in the Sector Vulnerability Profiles as some data
have been updated.
6
URBAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN SETTLEMENTS AND ECONOMIC
INFRASTRUCTURE
Human Settlements
As Sri Lanka moves into a trajectory of aggressive development, evaluating climate change vulnerability
becomes important to identify potential threats to slated development goals. By doing so, any risks
could be addressed early, ensuring that development targets can be achieved in a timely and sustainable
manner.
Increase in the frequency and intensity of natural disasters will have immense socio-economic impacts
on urban areas and human settlements. This makes climate change vulnerability a rather serious concern
to be addressed in the development process. As 70% of Sri Lanka’s population is expected to reside in
urban settlements by 2030, it is crucial to ensure that such developments are adequately climate-proofed
to ensure long term sustainability.
The main vulnerabilities associated with sea level rise on human settlements include inundation of land,
saltwater intrusion, and increased frequency of storm surges along the coastal belt. Land, settlements,
and coastal infrastructure including housing, roads, tourism infrastructure, etc, may be affected with
substantial loss/damage of assets, disruption of economic opportunities and threats to the physical and
social wellbeing of coastal communities, especially since the coastal zone accounts for about 43% of
the nations GDP. Salt water intrusion will reduce the availability of fresh water for both drinking and
irrigation, again undermining the viability of settlements in certain coastal areas and some downstream
human settlements (including urban areas), well beyond the coastal zone.
With rising temperature, the need for adequate ventilation and cooling in residential and commercial
buildings will increase. This can increase the energy demand at the national level and increase energy
costs at the household level too. Health concerns in settlements are also expected to worsen.
Some of the implications associated with changes in rainfall regimes include increased frequency and
duration of droughts, floods and increased rainfall intensity. Future urban development and planned
expansion of human settlements could be highly vulnerable to drought, particularly if local economies
are sustained by industries highly sensitive such as agriculture. Flood conditions will cause erosion and
physical damage to infrastructure and public utilities imposing significant burdens on both individual
households and the national economy. More frequent and severe flooding from flood prone rivers will
exacerbate problems already faced by many communities in low-lying areas, especially where natural
drainage paths and flood retention areas have been blocked or reclaimed. Increase in rainfall intensity
may overwhelm urban storm-water drainage systems, resulting in more frequent flooding and damage to
household and community level assets and infrastructure. The quantity and quality of water available for
domestic use will also be affected.
The incidence of landslides caused by heavy and continuous rain is on the rise, and the resultant loss/
damage to housing and related infrastructure, livelihoods and lives need to be anticipated. The central
hill region of the country would be particularly affected by this hazard. Communities highly vulnerable
to landslide risks may seek to relocate. The economic costs and social issues related to such potential
migration could be significant.
7
Human Settlements
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Housing and Urban Development Sector Vulnerability to Drought Exposure
The indicators used for the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index are:
The Sensitivity Index
The Adaptive Capacity Index
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 =\]bYNaV\[QR[`Vaf
 ;bZOR_\SU\b`V[Tb[Va`
 \SU\b`V[Tb[Va`PYN``V·RQN`aRZ]\_N_f`a_bPab_R`
 ]R_PR[aNTR\S]R\]YRNO\cRaUR]\cR_afYV[R
 ]R_PR[aNTR\S]R\]YRdU\UNcRP\Z]YRaRQ`RP\[QN_f
RQbPNaV\[
Raw data source: 2001 National Census
Some of the key findings include:
 Vulnerability of housing and human settlements to drought is widespread in the island, but more
concentrated in the North-central and Southern regions of the country.
 19 DS Divisions (DSDs) emerge as having settlements highly sensitive to drought. These DSDs
combined, have:
R
R
R
A total population of 871,830 people, of whom 33.8% are below the poverty line.
A total housing stock of 219,231 housing units, of which 107,440 (49%) are of temporary
construction.
67.59% of their population (or 148,174 households) using wells and another 8.27% (18,138
households) using tube wells as their primary source of water.
 The three most vulnerable DSDs are Embilipitiya (Ratnapura District), Siyambalanduwa (Moneragala
District), and Kalpitiya (Puttalam District).
R
R
R
R
Siyambalanduwa and Kalpitiya are highly sensitive as 68% of the housing stock in those DSD’s
comprise of temporary structures, while in Embilipitiya this figure is 38%.
Siyambalanduwa and Kalpitiya also have very high incidence of poverty (50% and 44%) among
areas historically exposed to droughts.
Populations in Kalpitiya and Siyambalanduwa are heavily dependent on groundwater, with over
89% of the respective populations using wells or tube wells as their primary source of water.
Embilipitiya emerges as highly vulnerable because it has a relatively high population of 119,563,
and a substantial volume of housing --29,027-- of which 11,000 are temporary structures.
Embilipitiya is also among the DSDs that have historically recorded the highest exposure to
droughts; 54% of the population at Embilipitiya depend on groundwater.
 A further 32 DSDs are in the moderately vulnerable category. They have:
R
R
8
A total population of about 1,494,810 people, of whom 388,416 are below the poverty line.
A total of 371,327 housing units of which 159,967 are of temporary construction.
9
Human Settlements
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Housing and Urban Development Sector Vulnerability to Drought Exposure
High
Rank District
Name
Moderate
DSD Name
Low
Minimal
Physical Characteristics
Area (Sq.
Total
km)a
Populationb
Demographics
Population
No. of
Density
Householdsb
(Per Sq. km)a
Urban
Rural
Estate
Populationb Populationb Populationb
%
in
Povertyc
%
Completed
Secondary
Educationa
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Rathnapura
Moneragala
Puttalam
Hambantota
Badulla
Kurunegala
Puttalam
Hambantota
Puttalam
Puttalam
Moneragala
Badulla
Puttalam
Hambantota
Anuradhapura
Hambantota
Kurunegala
Hambantota
Badulla
Embilipitiya
383.4799
Siyambalanduwa 1065.6754
Kalpitiya
158.7548
Suriyawewa
189.7447
Rideemaliyadda 438.2808
Polpithigama
417.5552
Anamaduwa
259.0095
Ambalantota
211.3413
Mundalama
241.4497
Arachchikattuwa 162.6380
Thanamalwila
661.4470
Meegahakivula
108.7195
Vanathavilluwa
736.5317
Lunugamvehera 300.3473
Padaviya
242.5157
Katuwana
103.7065
Kuliyapitiya West 163.9366
Angunukolapeles 174.0781
Kandaketiya
152.6207
119563
47438
81780
35529
45759
67263
33302
64361
56294
38092
23172
18650
16460
25226
21146
41392
71483
42426
22494
312
45
515
187
104
161
129
305
233
234
35
172
22
84
87
399
436
244
147
29126
10808
18185
9031
10681
18926
9039
15334
13534
9912
5893
4558
4024
6922
5452
10025
18666
10394
5425
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6290
0
0
119490
47438
81627
35529
45582
67263
33302
63426
56294
37402
23172
16316
16410
25226
21146
62344
65102
42426
21428
73
0
153
0
177
0
0
935
0
690
0
2334
50
0
0
0
91
0
1066
31.60
51.80
45.34
34.80
51.15
30.00
16.77
33.30
41.08
21.82
35.80
46.50
40.31
33.50
34.33
34.30
16.62
33.00
46.10
21.16
13.52
13.63
17.37
14.89
18.13
22.53
21.36
14.73
16.64
14.18
12.52
12.25
17.85
14.43
17.11
32.77
16.83
14.56
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Rathnapura
Puttalam
Rathnapura
Hambantota
Moneragala
Rathnapura
Puttalam
43693
20225
69123
60982
28358
29099
239
40
444
78
39
143
10661
5550
16962
14829
6678
7690
0
0
0
0
0
0
38930
20225
57669
60486
28358
28720
4763
0
11454
496
0
379
37.70
23.77
38.20
32.20
40.70
39.20
14.65
14.80
20.31
22.31
19.44
19.60
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
Polonnaruwa
Badulla
Anuradhapura
Kurunegala
Hambantota
Kurunegala
Moneragala
Kurunegala
Badulla
Ampara
Nuwara Eliya
Anuradhapura
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Matale
Anuradhapura
16905
57899
67301
31604
36812
46757
76344
50768
47844
76524
15971
203717
40469
69888
29642
12399
96
102
112
104
250
138
348
87
175
557
41
418
82
323
35
33
4686
15189
16499
8230
9830
10945
19589
12698
12759
19213
3642
47145
10338
18130
7578
3305
0
0
0
0
0
11134
0
0
0
0
0
14204
0
0
0
0
16905
57899
67301
31592
36770
35623
75913
50768
47844
65809
15971
47474
40469
69888
29642
12055
0
0
0
12
42
0
431
0
0
10715
0
142039
0
0
0
344
28.65
13.37
38.57
20.57
23.20
31.30
24.30
24.90
25.70
33.35
22.90
21.34
18.90
24.95
34.60
15.18
14.73
20.02
19.54
22.57
23.32
26.50
17.79
22.00
19.52
11.66
16.74
24.09
28.69
14.78
19.05
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
Hambantota
Moneragala
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Badulla
Puttalam
Puttalam
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Kolonna
183.0319
Karuwalagaswewa 503.9380
Godakawela
155.7512
Tissamaharama
783.8008
Madulla
722.5206
Weligepola
203.5279
Mahakumbuk
kadawala
175.8432
Medirigiriya
570.3679
Mahiyanganaya 598.4674
Rambewa
303.6555
Ganewatta
147.1195
Hambantota
338.9857
Ibbagamuwa
219.4878
Wellawaya
585.9537
Galgamuwa
273.2962
Uva Paranagama 137.2816
Padiyathalawa
386.8510
Ambagamuwa
487.9105
Medawachchiya 492.1070
Panduwasnuwara 216.0387
Horowpothana
845.8179
Laggala-Pallegama 373.8370
Nuwaragam
Palatha Central
389.4952
Weeraketiya
115.4094
Medagama
241.1373
Giribawa
207.1489
Kebithigollewa
611.9821
Haldummulla
414.9996
Nawagattegama 171.9949
Puttalam
178.4049
Mahawa
260.6953
Maha Vilachchiya 624.8276
53665
37401
32467
28093
19457
38223
12956
71091
50576
18557
138
324
135
136
32
92
75
398
194
30
13055
9208
7664
7831
4903
9855
3519
15898
13674
4630
11598
0
0
0
0
0
0
41761
0
0
42067
55459
32467
28093
19457
23207
12956
29330
50576
18557
0
0
0
0
0
15016
0
0
0
0
20.14
32.50
30.20
24.00
27.74
31.65
26.44
25.08
20.90
31.16
20.32
21.20
14.89
19.56
18.03
18.09
13.19
21.59
21.83
17.85
10
Accessibility
Main
Roads
(km) a & e
Secondary
Roads
(km) a & e
Housing Characteristics
Other Roads
(km) a & e
Permanent
b
SemiPermanentb
b
DSD Name
Improvised
Not
Classifiedb
Total
Housing
Unitsb
**
Rank
70
52
39
0
50
36
42
31
30
26
21
18
0
29
0
18
37
0
14
130
23
13
105
82
63
27
182
46
42
54
18
35
54
38
31
68
149
42
476
551
177
209
414
469
321
287
291
294
256
136
417
296
235
128
288
272
181
18027
3382
5722
4117
4187
7349
4968
9743
6464
5834
2574
1985
1405
2886
2761
8455
13850
5328
2754
10755
7282
8845
4768
6390
11135
3898
5250
5356
3324
3246
2497
2307
3891
2425
6525
4264
4936
2508
45
43
3091
26
6
104
47
49
1289
637
11
7
237
37
182
13
289
13
2
200
50
225
80
70
154
64
59
186
68
40
25
36
66
40
107
137
56
47
29027
10757
17883
8991
10653
18742
8977
15101
13295
9863
5871
4514
3985
6880
5408
15100
18540
10333
5311
Embilipitiya
Siyambalanduwa
Kalpitiya
Suriyawewa
Rideemaliyadda
Polpithigama
Anamaduwa
Ambalantota
Mundalama
Arachchikattuwa
Thanamalwila
Meegahakivula
Vanathavilluwa
Lunugamvehera
Padaviya
Katuwana
Kuliyapitiya West
Angunukolapeles
Kandaketiya
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
47
36
45
53
32
20
42
31
45
60
46
27
161
343
175
622
226
162
5068
2572
8831
9789
2751
3484
5430
2789
7753
4625
3844
4069
10
79
26
156
15
23
49
44
121
94
45
58
10557
5484
16731
14664
6655
7634
20
21
22
23
24
25
7
0
57
23
25
26
40
58
41
17
23
167
72
37
48
26
22
32
102
30
38
106
75
15
70
55
6
70
8
56
43
36
251
713
602
461
198
397
250
321
423
301
198
1149
550
414
548
255
2075
8771
8972
3876
5394
7614
11022
6369
6542
10830
1088
33627
4811
12480
3604
1535
2427
6223
7254
4120
4208
3083
8026
6072
5846
7438
2513
11560
5037
5193
3663
1680
159
49
31
26
86
83
209
65
63
13
19
81
28
322
33
15
7
95
154
28
44
52
105
92
122
206
10
883
114
77
73
17
4668
15138
16411
8050
9732
10832
19362
12598
12573
18487
3630
46151
9990
18072
7373
3247
28
18
21
0
55
50
22
38
34
90
61
42
46
10
56
21
18
74
537
179
144
349
600
321
167
210
337
7532
7136
3820
3451
1926
5544
1680
9305
7561
5216
6120
3718
4214
2762
4075
1751
4989
5856
57
37
20
31
25
37
13
1107
43
114
41
53
31
55
59
32
244
32
12919
13334
7611
7727
4768
9715
3476
15645
13492
Kolonna
Karuwalagaswewa
Godakawela
Tissamaharama
Madulla
Weligepola
Mahakumbuk
kadawala
Medirigiriya
Mahiyanganaya
Rambewa
Ganewatta
Hambantota
Ibbagamuwa
Wellawaya
Galgamuwa
Uva Paranagama
Padiyathalawa
Ambagamuwa
Medawachchiya
Panduwasnuwara
Horowpothana
Laggala-Pallegama
Nuwaragam Palatha
Central
Weeraketiya
Medagama
Giribawa
Kebithigollewa
Haldummulla
Nawagattegama
Puttalam
Mahawa
0
40
410
2300
2235
15
51
4601
Maha Vilachchiya
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
11
Human Settlements
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Rank District
DSD Name
Name
Physical Characteristics
Area (Sq.
Total
km)a
Populationb
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Moneragala
Badulla
Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura
Hambantota
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Moneragala
Moneragala
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Badulla
Anuradhapura
Rathnapura
Hambantota
Anuradhapura
Moneragala
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura
Hambantota
Moneragala
Anuradhapura
Puttalam
Rideegama
222.5431
Bingiriya
195.2943
Kobeigane
130.8780
Moneragala
292.5414
Soranathota
80.8879
Palagala
226.9676
Thalawa
220.5999
Kahatagasdigiliya 366.6055
Okewela
41.9560
Wariyapola
201.7589
Nikaweratiya
152.4124
Nochchiyagama 843.5736
Buttala
735.5660
Sewanagala
191.9569
Rasnayakapura
125.8909
Kotawehera
182.1192
Ella
109.3657
Galnewa
140.2283
Balangoda
274.1594
Tangalle
152.5016
Galenbidunuwawe 288.1528
Badalkumbura
235.9900
Pannala
284.9191
Ambanpola
142.5265
Thambuttegama
111.4855
Thirappane
278.9562
Beliatta
102.5034
Katharagama
536.3836
Ipalogama
142.4270
Chilaw
93.6034
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
Kurunegala
Kandy
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Matale
Kurunegala
Badulla
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Polgahawela
Pathahewaheta
Kuliyapitiya East
Narammala
Mihintale
Ukuwela
Mawathagama
Haputhale
Udubaddawa
Mallawapitiya
Kurunegala
Weerambugedara
Nuwaragam
Palatha East
Population
No. of
Density
Householdsb
a
(Per Sq. km)
Urban
Rural
Estate
Populationb Populationb Populationb
%
in
Povertyc
%
Completed
Secondary
Educationa
80473
55763
32230
42457
22760
29837
50919
33572
18247
56880
36370
41601
47324
36820
18814
19273
42894
30344
77303
62800
40888
36784
114438
19964
36524
23378
52283
16297
32933
59890
362
286
246
145
281
131
231
92
435
282
239
49
64
192
149
106
392
216
282
412
142
156
402
140
328
84
510
30
231
640
21118
15223
8581
10071
5667
8196
13375
8619
4266
15207
9549
11239
11843
9221
5071
5323
10775
8165
18720
14981
10454
9030
29467
5488
9448
6143
12630
3875
8730
14448
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11402
10437
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23533
78808
55613
32230
39112
18160
29837
50919
33572
18247
56832
36370
41601
47324
35739
18678
19273
29156
30344
58032
52363
40888
32733
113726
19964
36524
23378
52283
16297
31992
36357
1665
150
0
3345
4600
0
0
0
0
48
0
0
0
1081
136
0
13738
0
7869
0
0
4051
712
0
0
0
0
0
941
0
32.76
16.80
19.10
29.30
34.24
23.83
19.44
19.63
34.10
18.90
19.40
16.98
21.20
19.30
23.00
21.70
28.04
18.46
27.30
27.10
18.56
27.90
17.80
23.10
19.05
18.59
28.30
19.80
17.41
20.11
26.28
24.53
24.70
23.23
17.35
21.98
22.25
20.03
25.51
29.42
24.93
19.61
22.01
20.35
20.46
26.07
21.90
20.55
27.22
30.04
21.42
23.53
31.16
23.46
22.52
23.27
36.26
19.56
25.86
21.74
97.3861
83.5016
113.2748
108.3197
234.9169
77.9074
109.6233
70.3267
117.5985
79.9307
111.0680
91.3110
58762
53843
46966
51244
26786
61568
56820
50735
48800
46575
88944
30311
603
645
415
473
114
790
518
721
415
583
801
332
14506
13229
11728
13092
6657
14856
14191
11565
12669
11574
20292
8085
0
0
0
0
1523
977
0
3235
0
0
28401
0
57940
51531
46839
51244
25263
54983
55013
29372
48742
46240
60369
30311
822
2312
127
0
0
5608
1807
18128
58
335
174
0
22.91
26.60
20.32
21.40
18.97
21.40
24.92
24.42
17.70
19.50
14.70
20.11
35.64
30.92
27.57
33.36
29.03
29.55
33.95
29.37
29.43
33.19
44.87
39.05
90.6614
65671
724
14504
40030
25641
0
11.97
44.47
** except cart tracks and foot paths
12
Demographics
Accessibility
Housing Characteristics
Main
Roads
(km) a & e
Secondary
Roads
(km) a & e
Other Roads
(km) a & e
38
21
14
29
10
24
32
53
9
43
28
32
65
19
3
10
46
20
39
36
16
44
38
24
34
25
26
18
25
25
63
71
38
31
44
46
28
34
14
31
32
69
4
65
29
45
29
29
84
102
51
28
175
30
7
38
40
24
40
28
27
24
15
34
33
37
34
21
28
20
33
20
32
b
b
DSD Name
Rank
Permanent
SemiPermanentb
Improvised
Not
Classifiedb
Total
Housing
Unitsb
317
336
270
161
138
216
402
409
48
366
248
657
319
217
226
194
172
208
261
208
460
227
503
182
272
321
114
177
154
112
12899
9921
5708
4946
3456
3301
6324
4522
2302
9407
5775
5934
6223
4363
2709
2543
6834
3555
11711
10394
5441
5210
21502
2970
4447
2733
7956
2563
4626
9210
7736
4783
2701
4927
2009
4618
6725
3918
1921
5478
3565
5020
5397
4784
2200
2578
3503
4474
6589
4002
4756
3682
7004
2406
4819
3291
4246
1193
3879
4076
97
437
98
48
7
81
39
21
5
140
39
39
71
18
41
11
9
21
15
108
12
7
686
17
53
19
63
47
37
951
118
64
44
73
53
49
72
42
10
57
29
76
40
35
64
48
115
19
133
63
69
48
161
17
80
29
57
45
34
60
20850
15205
8551
9994
5525
8049
13160
8503
4238
15082
9408
11069
11731
9200
5014
5180
10461
8069
18448
14567
10278
8947
29353
5410
9399
6072
12322
3848
8576
14297
Rideegama
Bingiriya
Kobeigane
Moneragala
Soranathota
Palagala
Thalawa
Kahatagasdigiliya
Okewela
Wariyapola
Nikaweratiya
Nochchiyagama
Buttala
Sewanagala
Rasnayakapura
Kotawehera
Ella
Galnewa
Balangoda
Tangalle
Galenbidunuwawe
Badalkumbura
Pannala
Ambanpola
Thambuttegama
Thirappane
Beliatta
Katharagama
Ipalogama
Chilaw
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
52
67
46
26
25
45
16
53
41
40
61
30
94
102
185
177
311
99
171
134
179
83
142
122
10591
9031
8318
8909
4011
9825
10298
8370
9244
8226
15191
5490
3571
3811
3092
3834
2411
4512
3558
2616
2961
2994
4242
2317
122
27
192
222
40
12
70
10
345
65
183
109
76
98
61
41
79
92
100
268
65
80
329
42
14360
12967
11663
13006
6541
14441
14026
11264
12615
11365
19945
7958
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
41
177
11744
2326
25
196
14291
Polgahawela
Pathahewaheta
Kuliyapitiya East
Narammala
Mihintale
Ukuwela
Mawathagama
Haputhale
Udubaddawa
Mallawapitiya
Kurunegala
Weerambugedara
Nuwaragam
Palatha East
**
94
13
Human Settlements
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Housing and Urban Development Sector Vulnerability to Flood Exposure
The indicators used for the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index are:
The Sensitivity Index
The Adaptive Capacity Index
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
=\]bYNaV\[QR[`Vaf
;bZOR_\SU\b`V[Tb[Va`
\SU\b`V[Tb[Va`PYN``V·RQN`aRZ]\_N_f`a_bPab_R`
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
]R_PR[aNTR\S]R\]YRNO\cRaUR]\cR_afYV[R ]R_PR[aNTR\S]R\]YRdU\UNcRP\Z]YRaRQ`RP\[QN_f
RQbPNaV\[
Raw data source: 2001 National Census
Some of the key findings include:
 Vulnerability of housing and human settlements to the expected increase in floods appears to be
concentrated in the Western region of the country, although smaller pockets of high vulnerability are
also seen elsewhere.
 7 DSDs emerge as having settlements highly vulnerable to flood exposure. These DSDs combined
have:
R
R
R
A population of 1,034,944, with poverty incidence of 13.3%, which is lower than the national
average.
214,473 housing units of which almost a quarter (53,330) are temporary structures.
37% of their population (81,775 households) using wells as their primary source of water.
 Colombo (Colombo District) and Katana (Gampaha District) emerge as the two most vulnerable
DSDs. These DSDs are home to 603,629 people living in 113,848 housing units. Colombo, the
most vulnerable DSD, has the highest population density in the country.
 21 additional DSDs emerge as having settlements that are moderately vulnerable to flood exposure.
These DSDs combined have a population of 1,168,658 living in 276,442 housing units, over a third
of which are temporary structures. 57.7% of these households use wells as their primary source of
water.
14
15
Human Settlements
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Housing and Urban Development Sector Vulnerability to Flood Exposure
High
Rank District
Moderate
DSD Name
Name
Low
Minimal
Physical Characteristics
Area (Sq.
Total
km)a
Populationb
Demographics
Population
No. of
Density
Householdsb
(Per Sq. km)a
Urban
Rural
Estate
Populationb Populationb Populationb
%
in
Povertyc
%
Completed
Secondary
Educationa
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Colombo
Gampaha
Polonnaruwa
Rathnapura
Puttalam
Rathnapura
Gampaha
Colombo
Katana
Dimbulagala
Elapatha
Mundalama
Rathnapura
Wattala
17.8538
124.9577
552.3964
86.8547
241.4497
326.7894
57.6911
380946
222683
63349
36322
56294
115223
160127
21337
1782
115
418
233
353
2776
70735
50765
16757
8828
13534
26549
36368
380946
73318
0
0
0
45623
28740
0
149365
63339
34219
56294
53219
131387
0
0
10
2103
0
16381
0
12.10
7.70
22.59
40.10
41.08
21.90
6.10
32.53
41.14
18.60
22.39
14.73
30.01
40.21
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Rathnapura
Rathnapura
Matara
Gampaha
Rathnapura
Ampara
Rathnapura
Ampara
Rathnapura
Kalutara
Hambantota
Colombo
Polonnaruwa
Galle
Kalutara
Matale
Matara
Ampara
Ampara
Badulla
Galle
Ayagama
Kalawana
Mulatiyana
Dompe
Nivithigala
Pothuvil
Pelmadulla
Lahugala
Kuruwita
Bulathsinhala
Ambalantota
Kolonnawa
Elahera
Thawalama
Palindanuwara
Dambulla
Hakmana
Thirukkovil
Addalachchenai
Ella
Nagoda
157.6893
384.7488
119.4139
182.1586
157.9051
271.8310
144.8430
923.3049
174.6734
209.4387
211.3413
26.0388
353.1772
174.1470
283.2330
455.1342
49.6219
187.0859
56.9586
109.3657
174.6178
28637
48669
46066
130021
59092
28480
84966
7623
85882
59787
64361
161247
39908
31803
45911
60976
30201
23700
36020
42894
52414
182
126
386
714
374
105
587
8
492
285
305
6193
113
183
162
134
609
127
632
392
300
7357
11905
11169
31962
13989
6693
19906
1888
20460
15611
15334
35803
10446
7710
11597
15285
7190
5427
7640
10775
13028
0
0
0
0
0
0
560
0
0
0
0
56396
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25160
44632
45501
130021
47942
28480
73480
7623
80326
53331
63426
104851
39908
30789
40298
60959
30201
23700
36020
29156
46707
3477
4037
565
0
11150
0
10926
0
5556
6456
935
0
0
1014
5613
17
0
0
0
13738
5707
33.70
36.40
30.90
21.10
32.80
21.37
23.93
21.41
31.48
17.57
13.45
26.35
15.57
23.57
22.09
21.36
35.95
17.46
19.99
22.88
23.88
29.15
20.88
17.64
21.90
23.04
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
Ampara
Rathnapura
Ampara
Matara
Gampaha
Polonnaruwa
Gampaha
Puttalam
Matara
Ampara
Kalutara
Gampaha
Ampara
Hambantota
Kalutara
Gampaha
Matara
Kalutara
Ampara
Galle
Ampara
Gampaha
Kurunegala
Alayadiwembu
Kiriella
Ninthavur
Akuressa
Kelaniya
Lankapura
Negombo
Chilaw
Malimbada
Eragama
Beruwala
Biyagama
Sainthamarathu
Tangalle
Mathugama
Gampaha
Athuraliya
Dodangoda
Akkaraipattu
Baddegama
Samanthurai
Ja-Ela
Udubaddawa
82.5912
79.5653
36.3016
148.6167
21.9313
200.7756
46.1424
93.6034
47.9781
66.6480
71.6785
60.2668
3.0272
152.5016
134.3624
90.6959
65.9339
112.8241
60.4089
114.4507
123.0101
61.4202
117.5985
22627
30881
24625
49806
134364
33676
144274
59890
31524
11344
144733
161300
24114
62800
73269
171040
30179
55052
34939
68634
51510
184666
48800
274
388
678
335
6127
168
3127
640
657
170
2019
2676
7966
412
545
1886
458
488
578
600
419
3007
415
4956
7666
6235
11825
30272
8611
31915
14448
7577
2632
29635
36655
5144
14981
17604
41357
7039
13646
7649
16761
11729
42975
12669
0
0
0
0
29820
0
121413
23533
0
0
33096
0
24114
10437
0
9284
0
0
0
0
0
30791
0
22627
29748
24625
48508
104544
33676
22861
36357
31384
11344
111637
161300
0
52363
66781
161756
29380
47970
34939
66249
51510
153875
48742
0
1133
0
1298
0
0
0
0
140
0
0
0
0
0
6488
0
799
7082
0
2385
0
0
58
16
30.20
28.90
27.40
33.30
8.20
18.45
29.50
30.70
19.90
32.00
28.04
28.70
25.60
21.90
6.90
14.54
7.10
20.11
24.30
22.10
11.30
27.10
29.40
9.90
27.80
21.20
21.70
7.80
17.70
22.67
26.58
22.78
24.28
41.85
19.42
30.04
21.74
31.38
13.35
28.20
41.68
21.81
30.04
28.65
43.27
26.77
27.42
26.00
30.17
20.13
44.60
29.43
Accessibility
Secondary
Roads(km) a & e
Housing Characteristics
Other Roads
(km) a & e
Permanent
b
SemiPermanentb
b
Improvised
DSD Name
Not
Classifiedb
**
Rank
Total
Housing
Unitsb
105
116
34
54
46
52
94
0
203
455
77
291
350
47
54588
40211
6694
5614
6464
18283
29289
8459
6295
9738
2992
5356
7606
5548
41
901
105
18
1289
37
180
1930
1423
132
68
186
326
700
65018
48830
16669
8692
13295
26252
35717
Colombo
Katana
Dimbulagala
Elapatha
Mundalama
Rathnapura
Wattala
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
44
21
36
162
52
13
37
14
71
101
182
76
26
33
44
66
13
11
30
29
43
142
240
143
222
163
114
210
321
237
242
287
21
312
99
273
397
53
155
71
172
300
4013
6603
7737
24870
8155
3468
12187
613
14014
10686
9743
27611
5381
4620
7465
7092
4297
2618
5693
6834
9087
3242
5128
3330
6214
5540
2282
7230
1119
6029
4446
5250
6307
4880
3000
3924
7761
2746
1774
1154
3503
3711
20
17
4
351
14
485
27
52
58
45
49
125
29
7
17
171
19
904
409
9
27
35
116
46
175
72
82
242
4
99
164
59
406
59
51
99
99
27
47
99
115
150
7310
11864
11117
31610
13781
6317
19686
1788
20200
15341
15101
34449
10349
7678
11505
15123
7089
5343
7355
10461
12975
Ayagama
Kalawana
Mulatiyana
Dompe
Nivithigala
Pothuvil
Pelmadulla
Lahugala
Kuruwita
Bulathsinhala
Ambalantota
Kolonnawa
Elahera
Thawalama
Palindanuwara
Dambulla
Hakmana
Thirukkovil
Addalachchenai
Ella
Nagoda
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
12
31
41
24
74
37
57
28
30
13
88
132
2
102
66
87
28
69
5
39
21
116
41
88
70
20
154
23
201
52
112
53
108
125
69
4
208
172
141
88
159
102
230
159
107
179
3106
4842
4962
8269
23196
6153
26910
9210
5722
1708
22392
29276
4651
10394
12860
32735
4796
9969
6414
12021
9279
35929
9244
953
2671
433
3386
4926
2219
3558
4076
1734
605
5516
4501
193
4002
4230
7491
2129
3380
599
4449
1395
4735
2961
677
23
199
32
69
98
417
951
32
74
238
175
41
108
55
179
33
40
228
79
126
186
345
80
42
76
44
431
82
333
60
23
29
374
803
33
63
130
238
21
78
56
109
171
1013
65
4816
7578
5670
11731
28622
8552
31218
14297
7511
2416
28520
34755
4918
14567
17275
40643
6979
13467
7297
16658
10971
41863
12615
Alayadiwembu
Kiriella
Ninthavur
Akuressa
Kelaniya
Lankapura
Negombo
Chilaw
Malimbada
Eragama
Beruwala
Biyagama
Sainthamarathu
Tangalle
Mathugama
Gampaha
Athuraliya
Dodangoda
Akkaraipattu
Baddegama
Samanthurai
Ja-Ela
Udubaddawa
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
17
Human Settlements
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Rank District
DSD Name
Name
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
Matara
Gampaha
Ampara
Matara
Gampaha
Polonnaruwa
Kalutara
Colombo
Ampara
Kalutara
Kalutara
Kalutara
Matara
18
Physical Characteristics
Area (Sq.
Total
km)a
Populationb
Kaburupitiya
Minuwangoda
Ampara
Thihagoda
Attanagalla
Thamankaduwa
Millaniya
Kaduwela
Karativu
Kaluthara
Madurawala
Bandaragama
Matara
59.7187
133.2225
139.2692
50.9425
154.3057
465.7376
82.0638
87.7537
8.9392
77.6779
62.9158
57.4085
56.1514
37347
151661
38166
30909
154967
74224
44476
209251
16365
141829
29750
86886
108238
Demographics
Population
No. of
Density
Householdsb
a
(Per Sq. km)
625
1138
274
607
1004
159
542
2385
1831
1826
473
1513
1928
9079
37683
8713
7529
36838
17920
11035
48849
3641
31857
7552
20579
23705
Urban
Rural
Estate
Populationb Populationb Populationb
0
7567
17957
0
0
0
0
0
0
37451
0
0
42663
37347
144084
20209
30909
154821
73956
43110
209251
16365
104378
27129
86886
65575
0
10
0
0
146
268
1366
0
0
0
2621
0
0
%
in
Povertyc
%
Completed
Secondary
Educationa
24.90
12.50
31.28
38.36
30.45
30.07
39.55
28.23
30.71
48.78
28.99
38.35
34.30
37.31
42.45
27.20
15.40
14.15
16.90
6.00
12.50
18.60
8.20
16.90
Accessibility
Secondary
Roads(km) a & e
Housing Characteristics
Other Roads
(km) a & e
Permanent
b
b
DSD Name
SemiPermanentb
Improvised
Not
Classifiedb
Total
Housing
Unitsb
1890
7913
2758
1748
7974
3948
2446
4327
236
5009
1454
2459
3237
23
498
21
21
339
75
64
172
110
206
28
71
222
52
236
71
34
274
199
59
758
21
322
31
178
106
8991
37171
8668
7404
36433
17729
10910
47904
3412
31144
7458
20075
23009
**
17
109
28
11
98
61
64
165
18
83
65
36
76
46
232
262
52
201
351
129
106
8
126
58
115
59
7026
28524
5818
5601
27846
13507
8341
42647
3045
25607
5945
17367
19444
Kaburupitiya
Minuwangoda
Ampara
Thihagoda
Attanagalla
Thamankaduwa
Millaniya
Kaduwela
Karativu
Kaluthara
Madurawala
Bandaragama
Matara
Rank
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
19
Human Settlements
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Housing and Urban Development Sector Vulnerability to Landslide Exposure
The indicators used for the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index are:
The Sensitivity Index
The Adaptive Capacity Index
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 =\]bYNaV\[QR[`Vaf
 ;bZOR_\SU\b`V[Tb[Va`
 \SU\b`V[Tb[Va`PYN``V·RQN`aRZ]\_N_f`a_bPab_R`
 ]R_PR[aNTR\S]R\]YRNO\cRaUR]\cR_afYV[R
 ]R_PR[aNTR\S]R\]YRdU\UNcRP\Z]YRaRQ`RP\[QN_f
RQbPNaV\[
Raw data source: 2001 National Census
Some of the key findings include:
 Vulnerability of housing and human settlements to the expected increase in landslides due to climate
change is concentrated in the central hills of Sri Lanka.
 Walapane and Hanguranketha DSDs (both in the Nuwara Eliya District) emerge as having highly
sensitive settlements to landslide exposure on their human settlements. These 2 DSDs have:
R
R
R
A total population of 194,194 people, of whom 29.4% are below the poverty line.
A total housing stock of 47,693 housing units, of which 19,715 (41.3%) are of temporary
construction.
The highest exposure to landslides, historically in terms of frequency and people affected.
 A further 15 DSDs are expected to be moderately vulnerable to landslides as a result of climate
change. These DSDs combined have:
R
R
20
A population of 969,660, of whom 275,276 (28.4%) are below the poverty line.
235,667 housing units of which 36.5% are temporary structures.
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
21
Housing and Urban Development Sector Vulnerability to Landslide Exposure
High
Rank District
Moderate
DSD Name
Name
Low
Minimal
Physical Characteristics
Area (Sq.
Total
km)a
Populationb
Demographics
Population
No. of
Density
Householdsb
(Per Sq. km)a
Urban
Rural
Estate
Populationb Populationb Populationb
%
in
Povertyc
%
Completed
Secondary
Educationa
1
2
Nuwara Eliya
Nuwara Eliya
Walapane
Hanguranketha
321.5229
228.6220
106434
87760
331
384
26645
22524
0
0
66727
74355
39707
13405
26.50
34.60
15.66
19.18
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Badulla
Badulla
Rathnapura
Badulla
Kegalle
Kegalle
Badulla
Rathnapura
Nuwara Eliya
Nuwara Eliya
Badulla
Rathnapura
Hambantota
Kandy
Badulla
Kandaketiya
Lunugala
Elapatha
Haldummulla
Aranayaka
Deraniyagala
Uva Paranagama
Kolonna
Ambagamuwa
Nuwara Eliya
Bandarawela
Weligepola
Katuwana
Udadumbara
Ella
152.6207
141.8095
86.8547
414.9996
124.4190
222.0806
137.2816
183.0319
487.9105
483.5716
70.0596
203.5279
103.7065
277.0667
109.3657
22494
33079
36322
38223
66198
44735
76524
43693
203717
208190
60269
29099
41392
22831
42894
147
233
418
92
532
201
557
239
418
431
860
143
399
82
392
5425
8260
8828
9855
16850
11336
19213
10661
47145
49385
14379
7690
10025
6001
10775
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14204
28869
7296
0
0
0
0
21428
14585
34219
23207
64894
34377
65809
38930
47474
36922
44049
28720
62344
21322
29156
1066
18494
2103
15016
1304
10358
10715
4763
142039
142399
8924
379
0
1509
13738
46.10
38.82
40.10
31.65
36.10
33.60
33.35
37.70
22.90
21.90
21.61
39.20
34.30
37.50
28.04
14.56
13.78
22.39
18.09
29.31
19.57
19.52
14.65
16.74
18.93
32.66
19.60
17.11
17.35
21.90
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
Badulla
Kegalle
Rathnapura
Badulla
Badulla
Matara
Rathnapura
Nuwara Eliya
Kurunegala
Kegalle
Rathnapura
Badulla
Rathnapura
Kegalle
Matale
Kalutara
Kegalle
Rathnapura
Kurunegala
Kandy
Passara
Bulathkohupitiya
Imbulpe
Soranathota
Hali Ela
Kotapola
Ayagama
Kothmale
Rideegama
Dehiovita
Rathnapura
Welimada
Pelmadulla
Yatiyanthota
Rattota
Palindanuwara
Warakapola
Balangoda
Ibbagamuwa
Doluwa
135.9205
127.2471
255.2644
80.8879
170.1437
179.3289
157.6893
223.7228
222.5431
193.2396
326.7894
193.9032
144.8430
178.0749
105.2255
283.2330
195.5200
274.1594
219.4878
100.1685
49190
45573
55546
22760
87476
64012
28637
97509
80473
73991
115223
94399
84966
57239
49382
45911
106038
77303
76344
45270
362
358
218
281
514
357
182
436
362
383
353
487
587
321
469
162
542
282
348
452
12245
11729
14086
5667
21835
15073
7357
23841
21118
18460
26549
22838
19906
14197
13068
11597
26503
18720
19589
11651
0
0
660
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
45623
0
560
0
0
0
0
11402
0
0
29457
37396
46388
18160
58715
51875
25160
58181
78808
62883
53219
84180
73480
45071
40015
40298
103087
58032
75913
37392
19733
8177
8498
4600
28761
12137
3477
39328
1665
11108
16381
10219
10926
12168
9367
5613
2951
7869
431
7878
31.88
32.50
32.00
34.24
34.58
22.60
33.70
22.30
32.76
29.30
21.90
29.19
30.20
30.10
23.40
30.70
26.00
27.30
24.30
26.50
19.27
22.74
24.58
17.35
24.29
15.42
21.37
19.01
26.28
24.21
30.01
28.14
26.35
23.81
25.32
22.88
30.93
27.22
26.50
21.04
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
Kegalle
Rathnapura
Kegalle
Rathnapura
Badulla
Kandy
Kalutara
Kandy
Kegalle
Eheliyagoda
Ruwanwella
Kiriella
Haputhale
Udapalatha
Agalawatta
Gangawata Korale
109.0590
141.9292
138.6165
79.5653
70.3267
90.6003
89.7814
58.6941
87637
63870
58892
30881
50735
86145
33962
160630
804
450
425
388
721
951
378
2737
21327
15566
14461
7666
11565
19936
8423
33196
17139
0
0
0
3235
24116
0
104252
68733
61593
54679
29748
29372
48242
32768
54472
1765
2277
4213
1133
18128
13787
1194
1906
26.70
26.90
28.50
25.60
24.42
21.40
26.40
10.10
37.80
26.60
28.11
26.58
29.37
29.35
33.03
48.49
** Included all other road types without Rail roads (Cart track, Foot path etc)
22
Accessibility
Main
Roads
(km) a & e
Secondary
Roads
(km) a & e
Housing Characteristics
Other Roads
(km) a & e
b
Permanent
SemiPermanentb
b
Improvised
Not
Classifiedb
Total
Housing
Unitsb
**
DSD Name
Rank
81
49
88
84
604
337
14602
13376
10815
8350
59
28
237
226
25713
21980
Walapane
Hanguranketha
1
2
14
31
0
50
23
17
17
47
167
143
35
20
18
17
46
42
72
54
56
51
99
55
42
70
124
35
27
31
68
29
181
111
77
321
183
326
301
161
1149
1128
143
162
128
206
172
2754
5048
5614
5544
11064
6533
10830
5068
33627
30512
11274
3484
8455
2939
6834
2508
2987
2992
4075
5379
4494
7438
5430
11560
15571
2381
4069
6525
2933
3503
2
4
18
37
30
103
13
10
81
76
3
23
13
1
9
47
55
68
59
107
67
206
49
883
1638
305
58
107
55
115
5311
8094
8692
9715
16580
11197
18487
10557
46151
47797
13963
7634
15100
5928
10461
Kandaketiya
Lunugala
Elapatha
Haldummulla
Aranayaka
Deraniyagala
Uva Paranagama
Kolonna
Ambagamuwa
Nuwara Eliya
Bandarawela
Weligepola
Katuwana
Udadumbara
Ella
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
48
31
44
10
49
32
0
90
38
40
58
70
28
48
41
24
45
39
40
39
55
33
48
44
66
50
44
86
63
68
52
67
37
40
52
44
97
84
75
28
173
184
329
138
456
126
142
548
317
311
350
243
210
251
164
273
223
261
250
225
8019
7708
8363
3456
15154
9574
4013
14649
12899
12314
18283
15433
12187
9512
7462
7465
17655
11711
11022
7702
3735
3883
5317
2009
5794
5258
3242
8322
7736
5726
7606
6454
7230
4336
5252
3924
8139
6589
8026
3664
10
25
12
7
19
15
20
56
97
117
37
15
27
90
5
17
206
15
209
4
112
44
84
53
192
97
35
218
118
161
326
282
242
113
85
99
258
133
105
75
11876
11660
13776
5525
21159
14944
7310
23245
20850
18318
26252
22184
19686
14051
12804
11505
26258
18448
19362
11445
Passara
Bulathkohupitiya
Imbulpe
Soranathota
Hali Ela
Kotapola
Ayagama
Kothmale
Rideegama
Dehiovita
Rathnapura
Welimada
Pelmadulla
Yatiyanthota
Rattota
Palindanuwara
Warakapola
Balangoda
Ibbagamuwa
Doluwa
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
36
26
42
24
21
47
6
44
74
60
69
31
53
50
40
100
105
164
155
70
134
204
86
44
15325
10969
10402
4842
8370
14423
6612
28340
5452
4319
3802
2671
2616
4793
1627
3395
86
45
99
23
10
23
13
16
176
61
57
42
268
203
64
496
21039
15394
14360
7578
11264
19442
8316
32247
Kegalle
Eheliyagoda
Ruwanwella
Kiriella
Haputhale
Udapalatha
Agalawatta
Gangawata Korale
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
23
Human Settlements
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Housing and Urban Development Sector Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise Exposure
The indicators used for the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index are:
The Sensitivity Index
The Adaptive Capacity Index
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 =\]bYNaV\[QR[`Vaf
 ;bZOR_\SU\b`V[Tb[Va`
 \SU\b`V[Tb[Va`PYN``V·RQN`aRZ]\_N_f`a_bPab_R`
 ]R_PR[aNTR\S]R\]YRNO\cRaUR]\cR_afYV[R
 ]R_PR[aNTR\S]R\]YRdU\UNcRP\Z]YRaRQ`RP\[QN_f
RQbPNaV\[
Raw data source: 2001 National Census
Some of the key findings include:
 Vulnerability of housing and human settlements to sea level rise exposure appears to be highest in
the Western and Southern regions of the island. Although “exposure” was high in the North and
East, detailed vulnerability assessment of this region could not be done because of the lack of census
data.
 Among the DSDs where data was available and could be mapped, Colombo (Colombo District), and
Kalpitiya and Mundalama (both Puttalam District) show high levels of vulnerability. These 3 DSDs
have:
R
R
A population of 519,020 people, of which almost a 100,000 are below the poverty line.
96,196 housing units of which 29,422 are temporary structures.
 The housing stock in Kalpitiya and Mundalama comprise primarily of temporary structures (68% and
51% respectively). This is the worst situation among all coastal DSDs where data were available.
These two DSDs are also heavily dependent on groundwater, as over 87% of their populations use
wells or tube wells as their primary source of water.
 A further 10 DSDs emerge as being moderately vulnerable to sea level rise exposure. These DSDs
have a total population of 822,814 living in 183,867 housing units. 28% of these homes are
temporary structures.
24
25
Human Settlements
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Housing and Urban Development Sector Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise Exposure
High
Rank District
Moderate
DSD Name
Name
Low
Minimal
Physical Characteristics
Area (Sq.
Total
km)a
Populationb
Demographics
Population
No. of
Density
Householdsb
(Per Sq. km)a
Urban
Rural
Estate
Populationb Populationb Populationb
%
in
Povertyc
%
Completed
Secondary
Educationa
1
2
3
Puttalam
Colombo
Puttalam
Kalpitiya
Colombo
Mundalama
158.7548
17.8538
241.4497
81780
380946
56294
515
21337
233
18185
70735
13534
0
380946
0
81627
0
56294
153
0
0
45.34
12.10
41.08
13.63
32.53
14.73
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Puttalam
Hambantota
Hambantota
Galle
Puttalam
Matara
Galle
Galle
Colombo
Kalutara
Puttalam
Hambantota
Ambalantota
Habaraduwa
Arachchikattuwa
Weligama
Karandeniya
Hikkaduwa
Moratuwa
Beruwala
178.4049
338.9857
211.3413
49.5183
162.6380
43.1469
88.0055
66.0971
19.2051
71.6785
71091
46757
64361
59041
38092
66459
56128
98589
177563
144733
398
138
305
1192
234
1540
638
1492
9246
2019
15898
10945
15334
13567
9912
14825
14913
22820
41282
29635
41761
11134
0
0
0
21698
0
0
177563
33096
29330
35623
63426
59041
37402
44761
56128
98539
0
111637
0
0
935
0
690
0
0
50
0
0
25.08
31.30
33.30
28.70
21.82
21.50
21.90
24.90
10.30
22.10
21.59
23.32
21.36
29.53
16.64
30.48
20.63
33.61
40.58
28.20
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Matara
Matara
Gampaha
Hambantota
Galle
Galle
Galle
Galle
Matara
Ampara
Galle
Matara
Malimbada
47.9781
Devinuwara
37.6183
Negombo
46.1424
Tangalle
152.5016
Galle Four Gravets 23.7565
Akmeemana
65.4509
Ambalangoda
70.2467
Balapitiya
54.5727
Thihagoda
50.9425
Kalmunai
19.6568
Bentota
72.3358
Dickwella
50.9687
31524
44199
144274
62800
103246
63881
71047
65346
30909
70465
46442
51314
657
1175
3127
412
4346
976
1011
1197
607
3585
642
1007
7577
9988
31915
14981
19425
15110
17122
15054
7529
15821
11015
11592
0
0
121413
10437
90270
0
39302
0
0
70465
0
0
31384
44199
22861
52363
12976
63239
51396
65346
30909
0
46442
51314
140
0
0
0
0
642
0
0
0
0
0
0
24.30
20.90
7.10
27.10
19.30
22.00
20.30
22.00
27.20
31.38
26.80
30.04
30.04
39.96
32.21
32.73
27.89
30.07
28.44
31.14
31.87
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
Ampara
Ampara
Kalutara
Ampara
Colombo
Galle
Matara
Gampaha
Kalutara
Colombo
Ninthavur
Akkaraipattu
Kaluthara
Karativu
Thimbirigasyaya
Bope-Poddala
Matara
Wattala
Panadura
Rathmalana
24625
34939
141829
16365
266154
41612
108238
160127
163492
108716
678
578
1826
1831
11895
1426
1928
2776
3631
8269
6235
7649
31857
3641
52397
9732
23705
36368
37245
25013
0
0
37451
0
266154
0
42663
28740
33514
108716
24625
34939
104378
16365
0
41461
65575
131387
129978
0
0
0
0
0
0
151
0
0
0
0
** except cart track and foot paths
26
36.3016
60.4089
77.6779
8.9392
22.3754
29.1730
56.1514
57.6911
45.0310
13.1472
22.30
22.70
12.50
4.40
18.10
16.90
6.10
7.40
4.20
22.78
26.00
38.35
28.99
49.35
42.27
42.45
40.21
40.07
47.88
Accessibility
Main
Roads
(km) a & e
Secondary
Roads
(km) a & e
Housing Characteristics
Other Roads
(km) a & e
b
b
Permanent
SemiPermanentb
Improvised
DSD Name
Not
Classifiedb
**
Rank
Total
Housing
Unitsb
39
11
30
13
105
46
177
0
291
5722
54588
6464
8845
8459
5356
3091
41
1289
225
1930
186
17883
65018
13295
Kalpitiya
Colombo
Mundalama
1
2
3
38
26
31
21
26
18
23
32
17
19
18
106
182
62
42
48
32
60
73
88
210
397
287
66
294
53
219
80
2
125
9305
7614
9743
9472
5834
10957
10614
16527
30170
22392
4989
3083
5250
3308
3324
2942
4134
5211
8344
5516
1107
83
49
384
637
329
27
322
175
238
244
52
59
72
68
94
64
185
575
374
15645
10832
15101
13236
9863
14322
14839
22245
39264
28520
Puttalam
Hambantota
Ambalantota
Habaraduwa
Arachchikattuwa
Weligama
Karandeniya
Hikkaduwa
Moratuwa
Beruwala
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
12
14
34
36
26
19
21
20
16
7
19
17
30
17
57
102
55
57
50
32
11
51
51
31
53
52
52
208
27
112
121
95
52
43
102
58
5722
7756
26910
10394
15798
10578
12441
10961
5601
11813
7295
8668
1734
1826
3558
4002
2619
4067
4274
3385
1748
1815
3339
2428
32
110
417
108
131
179
66
165
21
472
144
108
23
36
333
63
210
63
92
120
34
186
34
47
7511
9728
31218
14567
18758
14887
16873
14631
7404
14286
10812
11251
Malimbada
Devinuwara
Negombo
Tangalle
Galle Four Gravets
Akmeemana
Ambalangoda
Balapitiya
Thihagoda
Kalmunai
Bentota
Dickwella
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
7
14
48
6
19
12
26
21
22
5
41
5
83
18
131
30
76
94
85
65
20
102
126
8
2
47
59
47
83
2
4962
6414
25607
3045
43115
7768
19444
29289
30644
20677
433
599
5009
236
4604
1674
3237
5548
4763
2675
199
228
206
110
24
66
222
180
150
43
76
56
322
21
1793
37
106
700
488
439
5670
7297
31144
3412
49536
9545
23009
35717
36045
23834
Ninthavur
Akkaraipattu
Kaluthara
Karativu
Thimbirigasyaya
Bope-Poddala
Matara
Wattala
Panadura
Rathmalana
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
27
Human Settlements
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
28
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
29
30
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
31
32
Transport Infrastructure
The main transport infrastructure in Sri Lanka consisting of roads, railways, airports and sea ports
are vulnerable to some impact of climate change, especially as most have not been designed to
accommodate the consequences.
There is a high probability that the island’s coastal zone will be affected by sea level rise and will have
to face associated inundation of land, saltwater intrusion, and increased frequency of storm surges. The
coastal region (i.e. DSDs with a coastal boundary) contains nearly 20% of the island’s Class A and B
roads, and 33.3% of its railroads. This infrastructure is particularly vulnerable to sea level rise. Already,
the railway lines from Colombo to the South have been affected by coastal erosion at some places.
Sea level rise and more frequent and intense storm surges may also impact harbours and ports, and
consequently on the service facilities they offer.
The main roads in the country are generally surfaced with pre-mix bitumen or asphalt. Increased ambient
temperatures could cause surface flow of asphalt, distortion of road markings, and bleeding of bitumen
making old road surfaces brittle. This may necessitate heavy investment on repair and maintenance.
Similarly, increased rainfall intensity as a result of climate change could exacerbate flooding of roadways,
particularly as many canals and drainage outfalls are already in disrepair or have been planned for
lower rates of flow. Increased levels of damage to land-transportation infrastructure will cause direct
costs for repair and rehabilitation, and also result in substantial losses across many other sectors that are
dependent on the road and rail network. More details on the transport sector including information on
vulnerability enhancing factors are provided in Section 1, Part II, SVP on Urban Development, Human
Settlements and Economic Infrastructure.
For the purpose of the mapping exercise, only roads and railroads were considered for transport
infrastructure vulnerability.
33
Transport
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Vulnerability of the Transport Sector to Flood Exposure
The indicators used for the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index are:
The Sensitivity Index
The Adaptive Capacity Index
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 9R[TaU\SZNV[_\NQ`
 9R[TaU\S`RP\[QN_f_\NQ`
 9R[TaU\S_NVY
 ?\NQQR[`VafYR[TaU\SZNV[_\NQ``RP\[QN_f_\NQ`
N[Q_NVY_\NQ`]R_`^bN_RXVY\ZRa_RV[RNPU1@1
Sources of data: 1:50,000 map sheets from Survey Dept. of Sri Lanka
Some of the key findings include:
 Vulnerability of transport infrastructure to the expected increase in frequency and intensity of floods
due to climate change is widespread and prevalent in many parts of the country.
 5 DSDs emerge as being highly vulnerable in this regard to flood exposure. These DSDs combined
have 235 km of main roads, 531 km of secondary roads and 33 km of railroads.
 A further 43 DSDs emerge as moderately vulnerable. These DSDs have 1,381 km of main roads,
2,906 km of secondary roads, and 278 km of railroads.
 Of the 13 DSDs in Gampaha District, 3 emerge as highly vulnerable, and another 7 emerge as
moderately vulnerable, making this the most vulnerable district in this regard. Gampaha District has
a population of 2,063,684 and a total of 475,847 housing units.
34
35
Transport
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Transport Sector Vulnerability to Flood Exposure
High Vulnerability
Rank
District
Name
Moderate Vulnerability
DSD
Name
Physical Characteristics
Area (Sq.
km)a
1
2
3
4
5
Gampaha
Kilinochchi
Gampaha
Gampaha
Rathnapura
Katana
Karachchi
Dompe
Wattala
Rathnapura
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Hambantota
Gampaha
Gampaha
Jaffna
Colombo
Mannar
Gampaha
Batticaloa
Jaffna
Batticaloa
16
17
18
19
Gampaha
Gampaha
Polonnaruwa
Batticaloa
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
Polonnaruwa
Kalutara
Hambantota
Matale
Rathnapura
Trincomalee
Jaffna
Mulattivu
28
29
30
Rathnapura
Rathnapura
Batticaloa
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
Jaffna
Matara
Hambantota
Jaffna
Gampaha
Mannar
Puttalam
Batticaloa
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
Polonnaruwa
Kalutara
Rathnapura
Colombo
Gampaha
Rathnapura
Kegalle
Kalutara
Galle
Mulattivu
Ambalantota
211.3413
Minuwangoda 133.2225
Gampaha
90.6959
Chavakachcheri 222.1802
Kaduwela
87.7537
Mannar Town 207.1215
Attanagalla
154.3057
Eravur Pattu
612.3070
Sandilipay
48.1604
Koralai Pattu
(Valach.)
593.7964
Ja-Ela
61.4202
Biyagama
60.2668
Dimbulagala 552.3964
Manmunai S.
and Eruvilpattu 59.7398
Thamankaduwa 465.7376
Bulathsinhala 209.4387
Tangalle
152.5016
Dambulla
455.1342
Elapatha
86.8547
Town & Gravets 132.1348
Tellipallai
61.1745
Pudukudi
yirippu
1002.7885
Kuruwita
174.6734
Kalawana
384.7488
Manmunai
South - West
150.8018
Kopay
102.0337
Mulatiyana
119.4139
Tissamaharama 783.8008
Nallur
34.4074
Mahara
94.2988
Manthai West 609.4103
Mundalama
241.4497
Manmunai
North
66.4719
Lankapura
200.7756
Horana
112.7795
Pelmadulla
144.8430
Hanwella
145.8825
Negombo
46.1424
Ayagama
157.6893
Dehiovita
193.2396
Dodangoda
112.8241
Nagoda
174.6178
Maritimepattu 756.2531
36
Low Vulnerability
124.9577
621.6203
182.1586
57.6911
326.7894
Total
Populationb
Minimal Vulnerability
Demographics
No. of
Householdsb
Urban
Populationb
Rural
Populationb
222683
50765
73318
149365
130021
160127
115223
31962
36368
26549
0
28740
45623
64361
151661
171040
15334
37683
41357
209251
Estate
Populationb
%
in Povertyc
%
Completed
Secondary
Educationa
0
7.70
41.14
130021
131387
53219
0
0
16381
21.10
6.10
21.90
31.48
40.21
30.01
0
7567
9284
63426
144084
161756
935
10
0
33.30
12.50
9.90
21.36
38.36
43.27
48849
0
209251
0
6.00
48.78
154967
36838
0
154821
146
15.40
39.55
184666
161300
63349
42975
36655
16757
30791
0
0
153875
161300
63339
0
0
10
7.80
11.30
22.59
44.60
41.68
18.60
74224
59787
62800
60976
36322
17920
15611
14981
15285
8828
0
0
10437
0
0
73956
53331
52363
60959
34219
268
6456
0
17
2103
14.15
27.40
27.10
19.90
40.10
28.23
22.09
30.04
23.88
22.39
85882
48669
20460
11905
0
0
80326
44632
5556
4037
28.90
36.40
23.57
23.93
46066
60982
11169
14829
0
0
45501
60486
565
496
30.90
32.20
21.41
22.31
176870
41639
0
176870
0
12.10
37.86
56294
13534
0
56294
0
41.08
14.73
33676
90690
84966
94001
144274
28637
73991
55052
52414
8611
22048
19906
22689
31915
7357
18460
13646
13028
0
9127
560
21601
121413
0
0
0
0
33676
80042
73480
66446
22861
25160
62883
47970
46707
0
1521
10926
5954
0
3477
11108
7082
5707
14.54
8.40
30.20
14.20
7.10
33.70
29.30
21.20
28.70
19.42
42.98
26.35
34.61
30.04
21.37
24.21
27.42
23.04
Land Use
Agriculture
Land Area
(Acres)d
Forest
Land
(Acres)d
Sector Specific Data
Other
Land Uses
(Acres)a
Main
Roadse
Secondary
Roadse
Rail
Roadse
DSD Name
Other Roads
(km)e
Rank
Road
Densitya **
6612
17720
20538
1498
13687
81
419
421
140
1504
24184.605
135466.100
24053.187
12617.728
65560.086
63.23
48.20
43.80
21.48
57.85
115.73
107.34
162.09
93.98
51.82
8.82
22.88
0.00
1.57
0.00
203.11
1082.67
221.70
47.46
349.72
1.50
0.29
1.13
2.03
0.34
Katana
Karachchi
Dompe
Wattala
Rathnapura
1
2
3
4
5
19232
16148
8491
9385
3569
3295
15028
17962
2626
487
192
77
452
116
162
362
192
6
32504.363
16579.853
13843.352
45064.714
17999.317
47723.622
22739.604
133149.753
9268.638
31.20
75.76
49.33
73.43
13.71
53.93
70.85
49.86
16.13
181.67
108.82
87.43
97.03
164.97
45.15
97.53
33.55
59.79
0.00
0.00
9.34
24.22
0.00
39.41
9.57
10.98
0.00
286.51
232.25
140.96
735.30
106.49
232.93
200.87
556.28
120.95
1.01
1.39
1.61
0.88
2.04
0.67
1.15
0.15
1.58
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
9983
2368
4743
35644
36
43
143
1737
136710.706
12766.210
10006.193
99118.583
22.81
23.02
15.31
6.04
36.09
116.36
131.69
33.73
26.32
16.19
0.00
6.17
491.98
107.31
69.28
454.70
0.14
2.53
2.44
0.08
1807
18061
16292
15465
22407
6328
305
986
11749
17
831
1202
1846
2218
529
18
0
132
12937.966
96193.798
34259.229
20372.810
87840.666
14605.175
32328.078
14130.499
235912.454
19.28
33.55
0.00
36.36
40.15
0.00
41.39
25.07
77.96
1.97
61.08
100.96
102.18
65.96
54.37
55.10
56.49
16.43
0.00
16.95
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
17.00
7.62
24.22
157.75
350.91
241.60
207.50
396.85
77.08
292.57
176.84
1041.45
0.36
0.24
0.48
0.91
0.23
0.63
0.86
1.46
0.12
10758
15589
8508
678
2853
12
31726.570
76631.119
28743.799
19.07
57.06
10.93
70.77
20.86
30.58
0.00
0.00
0.00
237.14
239.91
203.58
0.51
0.20
0.28
3396
14610
17224
339
9971
4821
10154
728
115
774
1145
1
157
168
1183
1
21701.987
14123.700
175311.632
8162.207
13173.644
145598.950
48326.270
15696.499
28.40
23.12
52.84
16.84
36.05
37.64
29.71
13.42
65.17
35.64
59.53
55.56
128.84
74.55
45.67
31.91
0.16
0.00
0.00
9.90
1.76
0.00
23.70
6.61
250.91
143.30
622.12
122.07
117.17
341.19
291.05
106.38
0.92
0.49
0.14
2.39
1.77
0.18
0.41
0.78
15584
10552
10329
8158
889
9520
10718
5882
17297
7826
449
227
619
544
17
1255
947
207
585
99
33579.526
17089.315
24843.341
27346.217
10495.985
28190.717
36085.352
21790.339
25266.828
178948.455
14.69
24.82
28.00
46.08
33.87
0.00
39.69
21.56
38.88
33.16
36.80
108.12
36.72
51.38
56.62
44.31
68.35
68.90
43.22
64.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
16.01
11.53
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
200.75
146.15
209.80
218.07
51.57
142.38
310.71
158.91
300.05
794.53
0.26
1.18
0.45
0.78
2.21
0.28
0.56
0.80
0.47
0.13
Ambalantota
Minuwangoda
Gampaha
Chavakachcheri
Kaduwela
Mannar Town
Attanagalla
Eravur Pattu
Sandilipay
Koralai Pattu
(Valach.)
Ja-Ela
Biyagama
Dimbulagala
Manmunai S. and
Eruvilpattu
Thamankaduwa
Bulathsinhala
Tangalle
Dambulla
Elapatha
Town & Gravets
Tellipallai
Pudukudi
yirippu
Kuruwita
Kalawana
Manmunai
South - West
Kopay
Mulatiyana
Tissamaharama
Nallur
Mahara
Manthai West
Mundalama
Manmunai
North
Lankapura
Horana
Pelmadulla
Hanwella
Negombo
Ayagama
Dehiovita
Dodangoda
Nagoda
Maritimepattu
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
37
Transport
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Rank
District
Name
DSD
Name
Physical Characteristics
Area (Sq.
km)a
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
Kaluthara
77.6779
Kinniya
151.4995
Baddegama
114.4507
Pothuvil
271.8310
Mathugama
134.3624
Udubaddawa 117.5985
Suriyawewa
189.7447
Palindanuwara 283.2330
Kayts
55.2340
Bibila
483.5204
Akuressa
148.6167
Ella
109.3657
Walallawita
213.2047
Kahatagas
digiliya
366.6055
63 Kalutara
Beruwala
71.6785
64 Rathnapura
Nivithigala
157.9051
65 Kalutara
Millaniya
82.0638
66 Ampara
Ampara
139.2692
67 Kilinochchi
Poonakary
558.4683
68 Matara
Malimbada
47.9781
69 Ampara
Ninthavur
36.3016
70 Kalutara
Bandaragama
57.4085
71 Rathnapura
Eheliyagoda
141.9292
72 Galle
Thawalama
174.1470
73 Ampara
Addalachchenai 56.9586
74 Rathnapura
Kiriella
79.5653
75 Jaffna
Karaveddy
90.6898
76 Puttalam
Puttalam
178.4049
77 Ampara
Lahugala
923.3049
78 Galle
Elpitiya
151.2593
79 Ampara
Thirukkovil
187.0859
80 Polonnaruwa Elahera
353.1772
81 Ampara
Samanthurai
123.0101
82 Colombo
Kolonnawa
26.0388
83 Puttalam
Chilaw
93.6034
84 Matara
Matara
56.1514
85 Batticaloa
Porativu Pattu 174.9570
86 Kalutara
Madurawala
62.9158
87 Matara
Hakmana
49.6219
88 Hambantota
Walasmulla
109.0750
89 Matara
Kaburupitiya
59.7187
90 Puttalam
Kalpitiya
158.7548
91 Puttalam
Nattandiya
75.3430
92 Anuradhapura Thambuttegama 111.4855
93 Puttalam
Mahawewa
75.3055
94 Mannar
Nanaddan
147.6092
95 Kalutara
Ingiriya
94.0498
96 Polonnaruwa Medirigiriya
570.3679
97 Kalutara
Agalawatta
89.7814
98 Jaffna
Chankanai
48.0547
99
Koralai P.W.
(Oddamavadi) 39.1499
100 Matara
Athuraliya
65.9339
101 Ampara
Eragama
66.6480
102 Gampaha
Kelaniya
21.9313
103 Jaffna
Uduvil
32.3749
104 Galle
Neluwa
152.2868
38
Kalutara
Trincomalee
Galle
Ampara
Kalutara
Kurunegala
Hambantota
Kalutara
Jaffna
Moneragala
Matara
Badulla
Kalutara
Anuradhapura
Total
Populationb
Demographics
No. of
Householdsb
Urban
Populationb
Rural
Populationb
141829
31857
37451
104378
68634
28480
73269
48800
35529
45911
16761
6693
17604
12669
9031
11597
0
0
0
0
0
0
35490
49806
42894
50676
8817
11825
10775
12793
33572
144733
59092
44476
38166
Estate
Populationb
%
in Povertyc
%
Completed
Secondary
Educationa
0
12.50
38.35
66249
28480
66781
48742
35529
40298
2385
0
6488
58
0
5613
21.70
29.40
17.70
34.80
30.70
30.17
13.45
28.65
29.43
17.37
22.88
0
0
0
0
34818
48508
29156
47579
672
1298
13738
3097
26.00
21.90
28.04
31.40
17.05
24.28
21.90
25.28
8619
29635
13989
11035
8713
0
33096
0
0
17957
33572
111637
47942
43110
20209
0
0
11150
1366
0
19.63
22.10
32.80
16.90
20.03
28.20
17.57
30.71
30.45
31524
24625
86886
63870
31803
36020
30881
7577
6235
20579
15566
7710
7640
7666
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
31384
24625
86886
61593
30789
36020
29748
140
0
0
2277
1014
0
1133
24.30
31.38
22.78
37.31
26.60
19.99
17.64
26.58
71091
7623
60292
23700
39908
51510
161247
59890
108238
15898
1888
15049
5427
10446
11729
35803
14448
23705
41761
0
0
0
0
0
56396
23533
42663
29330
7623
58153
23700
39908
51510
104851
36357
65575
0
0
2139
0
0
0
0
0
0
29750
30201
39010
37347
81780
57686
36524
48861
7552
7190
9443
9079
18185
14528
9448
12600
0
0
27129
30201
2621
0
0
0
0
0
0
37347
81627
57535
36524
48405
45726
57899
33962
11314
15189
8423
0
0
0
30179
11344
134364
7039
2632
30272
27501
6445
8.20
26.90
29.50
25.60
25.08
8.20
20.11
16.90
21.59
15.57
26.49
20.88
17.46
20.13
35.95
21.74
42.45
0
153
151
0
456
18.60
32.00
33.40
24.90
45.34
15.54
19.05
14.78
34.30
29.15
23.96
31.28
13.63
28.96
22.52
26.88
43590
57899
32768
2136
0
1194
17.40
13.37
26.40
26.56
14.73
33.03
0
0
29820
29380
11344
104544
799
0
0
27.80
6.90
26.77
13.35
41.85
0
27251
250
33.40
16.54
22.70
18.45
Land Use
Agriculture Forest
Land Area
Land
(Acres)d
(Acres)d
Sector Specific Data
DSD Name
Other
Land Uses
(Acres)a
Main
Roads
Secondary
Roadse
Rail
Roadse
Other Roads
(km)e
Road
Densitya **
5288
2380
15827
3781
8883
12883
17182
15808
2177
13890
11959
3924
18416
16808
235
26
690
51
619
173
1105
2009
1
1322
593
524
1700
1198
13671.544
35030.188
11764.261
63338.632
23699.538
16003.109
28599.743
52171.122
11470.561
104268.005
24171.836
22576.736
32567.808
72583.820
48.12
15.25
46.49
28.18
38.53
27.98
0.00
24.30
10.85
45.73
26.20
45.96
32.11
53.29
82.86
7.39
38.74
13.13
65.72
41.10
105.24
43.94
51.68
38.14
23.61
28.57
54.42
34.14
12.76
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
13.24
0.00
0.08
125.56
288.57
229.68
114.07
172.38
178.57
208.99
272.90
205.44
235.22
153.91
171.56
239.56
408.95
1.85
0.15
0.74
0.15
0.78
0.59
0.55
0.24
1.13
0.17
0.34
0.80
0.41
0.24
6334
8266
7087
7808
8314
5631
4650
4220
10422
15974
4981
7472
2868
5189
4668
18602
3218
16695
11201
770
7252
3948
9812
4409
8445
15179
8089
8480
7597
13844
5354
8591
6464
25240
8113
2405
2018
377
855
226
800
254
135
1
150
639
1032
30
483
16
965
234
1040
4
938
2
32
316
133
59
274
196
631
223
265
71
240
56
64
552
1544
716
2
2
11001.073
29898.032
12965.324
25806.026
129431.960
6089.610
4319.288
9815.890
24010.328
26026.489
9063.721
11705.932
19525.858
37930.636
223250.691
17734.834
43007.751
69638.639
19193.342
5632.309
15561.806
9794.253
33361.652
10863.781
3620.786
11142.899
6444.750
30484.011
10949.595
13464.567
13198.323
27819.887
16224.130
114156.408
13356.368
9467.527
7654.124
18.87
20.80
5.60
40.70
53.24
11.54
7.34
22.58
26.32
34.91
8.22
24.37
25.27
38.46
19.50
30.76
20.43
6.05
27.26
8.98
24.88
26.38
20.23
0.00
23.43
14.62
20.99
38.53
22.56
34.43
15.00
12.02
21.97
0.00
6.12
21.75
7.23
88.49
52.45
64.00
28.38
5.54
30.04
41.07
36.41
59.66
32.90
29.90
30.63
48.44
17.79
13.58
46.66
11.45
26.09
20.52
75.75
28.40
75.77
17.78
64.64
12.62
49.30
16.95
12.62
58.39
7.14
55.51
14.14
32.86
32.23
39.88
31.71
21.79
13.57
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
19.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.70
13.29
4.76
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.42
14.56
5.10
18.99
0.00
7.22
0.00
0.00
8.38
125.38
163.10
129.33
262.10
693.10
52.51
20.46
115.02
164.22
98.89
70.64
69.61
135.45
209.65
321.23
225.02
155.45
312.27
158.81
21.33
111.79
59.07
354.83
57.52
53.02
122.45
46.37
177.43
150.60
272.48
123.92
166.95
129.62
712.58
86.36
134.16
29.50
1.69
0.46
0.85
0.50
0.11
0.87
1.33
1.03
0.61
0.39
0.67
0.69
0.81
0.42
0.04
0.51
0.17
0.09
0.39
3.47
0.71
1.90
0.22
1.03
0.73
0.59
0.64
0.32
1.17
0.50
1.00
0.31
0.58
0.07
0.51
1.11
0.54
6707
2878
472
1356
15570
382
2
17
1
886
9203.549
13589.023
4930.320
6642.972
21174.734
8.52
21.54
14.79
8.69
17.68
28.26
12.66
73.91
37.16
14.46
0.00
0.00
5.21
4.47
0.00
87.76
107.55
22.90
96.52
99.04
0.56
0.51
4.28
1.55
0.21
Kaluthara
Kinniya
Baddegama
Pothuvil
Mathugama
Udubaddawa
Suriyawewa
Palindanuwara
Kayts
Bibila
Akuressa
Ella
Walallawita
Kahatagas
digiliya
Beruwala
Nivithigala
Millaniya
Ampara
Poonakary
Malimbada
Ninthavur
Bandaragama
Eheliyagoda
Thawalama
Addalachchenai
Kiriella
Karaveddy
Puttalam
Lahugala
Elpitiya
Thirukkovil
Elahera
Samanthurai
Kolonnawa
Chilaw
Matara
Porativu Pattu
Madurawala
Hakmana
Walasmulla
Kaburupitiya
Kalpitiya
Nattandiya
Thambuttegama
Mahawewa
Nanaddan
Ingiriya
Medirigiriya
Agalawatta
Chankanai
Koralai P.W.
(Oddamavadi)
Athuraliya
Eragama
Kelaniya
Uduvil
Neluwa
Rank
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
39
Transport
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Rank
District
Name
DSD
Name
Physical Characteristics
Area (Sq.
km)a
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
No. of
Householdsb
Urban
Populationb
Rural
Populationb
Estate
Populationb
%
in Povertyc
%
Completed
Secondary
Educationa
Panadura
45.0310
Thihagoda
50.9425
Rasnayakapura 125.8909
Delft
47.4332
Point Pedro
36.9669
Wennappuwa
40.9400
WelivitiyaDivithura
54.9823
163492
30909
18814
37245
7529
5071
33514
0
0
129978
30909
18678
0
0
136
7.40
27.20
23.00
40.07
30.07
20.46
70817
18180
0
70487
330
14.88
25.79
26599
6622
0
25059
1540
25.50
23.29
19.6568
8.9392
17.8538
70465
16365
380946
15821
3641
70735
70465
0
380946
0
16365
0
0
0
0
12.10
28.44
28.99
32.53
116 Colombo
Kalmunai
Karativu
Colombo
Sri Jayawardana
pura Kotte
Moratuwa
16.5150
19.2051
116366
177563
25822
41282
116366
177563
0
0
0
0
2.70
10.30
55.07
40.58
117 Colombo
118 Colombo
119 Jaffna
Thimbirigasyaya 22.3754
Rathmalana
13.1472
Jaffna
10.6967
266154
108716
52397
25013
266154
108716
0
0
0
0
4.40
4.20
49.35
47.88
112
113
114
115
Kalutara
Matara
Kurunegala
Jaffna
Jaffna
Puttalam
Galle
Total
Populationb
Demographics
Ampara
Ampara
Colombo
Colombo
** except cart tracks and foot paths
40
Land Use
Agriculture Forest
Land Area
Land
(Acres)d
(Acres)d
2001
6608
9723
614
1111
2494
7271
68
118
2099
35
6
39
306
Sector Specific Data
Other
Land Uses
(Acres)a
9058.369
5862.125
19286.197
11071.946
8017.695
7583.446
6009.376
Main
Roads e
Secondary
Roads e
21.56
15.94
3.48
0.00
18.93
13.84
8.90
84.84
10.96
29.43
37.11
28.42
58.14
26.45
Rail
Roads e
8.16
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
10.82
0.00
DSD Name
Other Roads
(km) e
Road
Density a **
82.70
52.46
226.36
107.61
94.57
93.56
133.71
2.54
0.53
0.26
0.78
1.28
2.02
0.64
Rank
Panadura
Thihagoda
Rasnayakapura
Delft
Point Pedro
Wennappuwa
WelivitiyaDivithura
105
106
107
108
109
110
112
113
114
117
118
119
0
796
0
0
0
2
0
0
4857.293
1410.914
4411.760
4080.936
6.86
5.54
11.45
4.63
50.62
17.57
105.21
72.65
0.00
0.00
21.00
3.42
43.02
7.79
0.18
1.48
2.92
2.59
7.71
4.89
0
26
4719.672
17.05
72.98
10.69
2.21
5.24
Kalmunai
Karativu
Colombo
Sri Jayawardanapura
Kotte
Moratuwa
0
0
65
0
0
12
5529.063
3248.735
2566.207
18.55
5.00
12.04
131.50
65.36
59.60
14.36
7.94
4.84
1.97
1.98
23.64
7.35
5.96
7.15
Thimbirigasyaya
Rathmalana
Jaffna
111
115
116
41
Transport
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Vulnerability of the Transport Sector to Landslide Exposure
The indicators used for the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index are:
The Sensitivity Index
The Adaptive Capacity Index
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 9R[TaU\SZNV[_\NQ`
 9R[TaU\S`RP\[QN_f_\NQ`
 9R[TaU\S_NVY
 ?\NQQR[`VafYR[TaU\SZNV[_\NQ``RP\[QN_f_\NQ`
N[Q_NVY_\NQ`]R_`^bN_RXVY\ZRa_RV[RNPU1@1
Sources of data: 1:50,000 map sheets from Survey Dept. of Sri Lanka
Some of the key findings include:
 Vulnerability of transport infrastructure to landslides is expected increase in frequency and intensity
and is focused mainly in the central hills.
 The four highly vulnerable DSDs that emerge from the analysis in this regard are all in the Nuwara
Eliya District. These DSDs have 439 km of main roads, 366 km of secondary roads, and 66 km of
railroads.
 Within the Nuwara Eliya District, the Nuwara Eliya DSD alone has 46.7 km of railroads.
 9 DSDs fall into the moderately vulnerable category, and collectively have 419 km of main roads,
615 km of secondary roads, and 28 km of railroads.
42
43
Transport
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Transport Sector Vulnerability to Landslide Exposure
High Vulnerability
Rank District Name
Moderate Vulnerability
DSD Name
Low Vulnerability
Minimal Vulnerability
Physical Characteristics
Area
(Sq. km)a
Demographics
Total
Population
No. of
Urban
Rural
Estate
%
%
Populationb Density Households Population Population Population in Poverty Completed
b
b
b
b
c
(Per Sq. km)a
Secondary
Educationa
1
2
3
4
Nuwara Eliya
Nuwara Eliya
Nuwara Eliya
Nuwara Eliya
Walapane
Nuwara Eliya
Ambagamuwa
Hanguranketha
321.5229
483.5716
487.9105
228.6220
106434
208190
203717
87760
331
431
418
384
26645
49385
47145
22524
0
28869
14204
0
66727
36922
47474
74355
39707
142399
142039
13405
26.50
21.90
22.90
34.60
15.66
18.93
16.74
19.18
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Badulla
Badulla
Badulla
Kegalle
Nuwara Eliya
Rathnapura
Badulla
Kegalle
Kegalle
Haldummulla
Bandarawela
Lunugala
Deraniyagala
Kothmale
Rathnapura
Welimada
Aranayaka
Warakapola
414.9996
70.0596
141.8095
222.0806
223.7228
326.7894
193.9032
124.4190
195.5200
38223
60269
33079
44735
97509
115223
94399
66198
106038
92
860
233
201
436
353
487
532
542
9855
14379
8260
11336
23841
26549
22838
16850
26503
0
7296
0
0
0
45623
0
0
0
23207
44049
14585
34377
58181
53219
84180
64894
103087
15016
8924
18494
10358
39328
16381
10219
1304
2951
31.65
21.61
38.82
33.60
22.30
21.90
29.19
36.10
26.00
18.09
32.66
13.78
19.57
19.01
30.01
28.14
29.31
30.93
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
Rathnapura
Badulla
Badulla
Rathnapura
Kegalle
Badulla
Rathnapura
Kegalle
Badulla
Badulla
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Kegalle
Kegalle
Matara
Kegalle
Matale
Kandy
Kandy
Rathnapura
Elapatha
Ella
Hali Ela
Balangoda
Kegalle
Passara
Imbulpe
Dehiovita
Kandaketiya
Uva Paranagama
Ibbagamuwa
Rideegama
Ruwanwella
Yatiyanthota
Kotapola
Bulathkohupitiya
Rattota
Gangawata Korale
Udadumbara
Kolonna
86.8547
109.3657
170.1437
274.1594
109.0590
135.9205
255.2644
193.2396
152.6207
137.2816
219.4878
222.5431
138.6165
178.0749
179.3289
127.2471
105.2255
58.6941
277.0667
183.0319
36322
42894
87476
77303
87637
49190
55546
73991
22494
76524
76344
80473
58892
57239
64012
45573
49382
160630
22831
43693
418
392
514
282
804
362
218
383
147
557
348
362
425
321
357
358
469
2737
82
239
8828
10775
21835
18720
21327
12245
14086
18460
5425
19213
19589
21118
14461
14197
15073
11729
13068
33196
6001
10661
0
0
0
11402
17139
0
660
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
104252
0
0
34219
29156
58715
58032
68733
29457
46388
62883
21428
65809
75913
78808
54679
45071
51875
37396
40015
54472
21322
38930
2103
13738
28761
7869
1765
19733
8498
11108
1066
10715
431
1665
4213
12168
12137
8177
9367
1906
1509
4763
40.10
28.04
34.58
27.30
26.70
31.88
32.00
29.30
46.10
33.35
24.30
32.76
28.50
30.10
22.60
32.50
23.40
10.10
37.50
37.70
22.39
21.90
24.29
27.22
37.80
19.27
24.58
24.21
14.56
19.52
26.50
26.28
28.11
23.81
15.42
22.74
25.32
48.49
17.35
14.65
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
Rathnapura
Kandy
Kalutara
Badulla
Rathnapura
Hambantota
Rathnapura
Kandy
Badulla
Rathnapura
Kalutara
Eheliyagoda
Udapalatha
Palindanuwara
Haputhale
Pelmadulla
Katuwana
Weligepola
Doluwa
Soranathota
Ayagama
Agalawatta
141.9292
90.6003
283.2330
70.3267
144.8430
103.7065
203.5279
100.1685
80.8879
157.6893
89.7814
63870
86145
45911
50735
84966
41392
29099
45270
22760
28637
33962
450
951
162
721
587
399
143
452
281
182
378
15566
19936
11597
11565
19906
10025
7690
11651
5667
7357
8423
0
24116
0
3235
560
0
0
0
0
0
0
61593
48242
40298
29372
73480
62344
28720
37392
18160
25160
32768
2277
13787
5613
18128
10926
0
379
7878
4600
3477
1194
26.90
21.40
30.70
24.42
30.20
34.30
39.20
26.50
34.24
33.70
26.40
26.60
29.35
22.88
29.37
26.35
17.11
19.60
21.04
17.35
21.37
33.03
45
Rathnapura
Kiriella
79.5653
30881
388
7666
0
29748
1133
25.60
26.58
** Not considering other roads
44
Land Use
Agriculture
Land Area
(Acres)d
Sector Specific Data
Forest Land
(Acres)d
Other
Land Uses
(Acres)a
Main
Roadse
Secondary
Roadse
14588
3201
6636
15713
1800
58
785
1063
63061.710
116233.668
113143.835
39717.508
80.71
142.53
167.25
48.51
87.65
124.28
69.72
83.90
7817
3397
3286
9068
10275
13687
13340
12715
19215
2144
347
609
1172
894
1504
205
310
608
92587.227
13568.033
31146.756
44637.099
44113.894
65560.086
34369.327
17719.472
28490.839
49.72
34.72
31.41
17.48
90.02
57.85
69.89
23.29
44.93
6328
3924
8278
13208
11129
5303
10523
10718
6757
13010
21146
23601
12004
7957
11602
7532
6670
2190
9919
13366
529
524
814
1569
321
889
1663
947
981
322
516
860
725
818
312
497
364
222
1867
2560
14605.175
22576.736
32951.244
52968.986
15498.956
27394.565
50890.955
36085.352
29975.243
20590.887
32574.410
30530.380
21523.745
35228.090
32398.968
23414.313
18967.687
12091.582
56678.392
29301.996
10422
5485
15808
2120
10329
13335
12565
5796
3999
9520
8113
7472
639
347
2009
198
619
938
1232
907
746
1255
716
483
24010.328
16555.725
52171.122
15060.030
24843.341
11353.332
36495.627
18049.082
15242.744
28190.717
13356.368
11705.932
Rail
Roadse
DSD Name
Rank
Other Roads
(km)e
Road
Densitya **
0.00
46.69
19.61
0.00
603.54
1128.37
1148.92
336.82
0.52
0.65
0.53
0.58
Walapane
Nuwara Eliya
Ambagamuwa
Hanguranketha
56.43
35.27
72.02
98.77
85.76
51.82
67.07
51.45
96.65
0.00
10.43
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
17.84
0.00
0.00
321.31
143.18
111.47
326.11
547.92
349.72
243.47
182.66
223.46
0.26
1.15
0.73
0.52
0.79
0.34
0.80
0.60
0.72
Haldummulla
Bandarawela
Lunugala
Deraniyagala
Kothmale
Rathnapura
Welimada
Aranayaka
Warakapola
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
0.00
45.96
48.91
38.78
35.59
47.54
43.53
39.69
13.97
17.45
40.44
38.46
41.63
47.70
31.72
31.21
40.52
43.71
16.68
46.73
54.37
28.57
65.88
83.62
73.68
54.79
47.57
68.35
42.24
54.90
75.41
63.02
68.78
40.16
49.95
33.10
51.80
100.48
68.12
41.51
0.00
13.24
11.31
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
11.81
0.00
0.00
77.08
171.56
456.20
260.98
104.81
173.29
328.90
310.71
180.78
301.20
249.93
317.44
154.97
250.65
125.74
183.85
164.37
44.06
205.86
161.37
0.63
0.80
0.74
0.45
1.00
0.75
0.36
0.56
0.37
0.53
0.53
0.46
0.80
0.49
0.46
0.51
0.88
2.66
0.31
0.48
Elapatha
Ella
Hali Ela
Balangoda
Kegalle
Passara
Imbulpe
Dehiovita
Kandaketiya
Uva Paranagama
Ibbagamuwa
Rideegama
Ruwanwella
Yatiyanthota
Kotapola
Bulathkohupitiya
Rattota
Gangawata Korale
Udadumbara
Kolonna
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
26.32
47.24
24.30
21.37
28.00
18.48
20.22
39.01
10.22
0.00
6.12
24.37
59.66
50.35
43.94
52.60
36.72
30.54
27.27
28.21
43.91
44.31
39.88
30.63
0.00
5.51
0.00
13.31
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
164.22
204.49
272.90
133.91
209.80
127.78
162.44
224.91
137.70
142.38
86.36
69.61
0.61
1.14
0.24
1.24
0.45
0.47
0.23
0.67
0.67
0.28
0.51
0.69
Eheliyagoda
Udapalatha
Palindanuwara
Haputhale
Pelmadulla
Katuwana
Weligepola
Doluwa
Soranathota
Ayagama
Agalawatta
Kiriella
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
1
2
3
4
45
Transport
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Vulnerability of the Transport Sector to Sea Level Rise Exposure
The indicators used for the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index are:
The Sensitivity Index
The Adaptive Capacity Index
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 9R[TaU\SZNV[_\NQ`dVaUV["ZS_\Z`U\_RYV[R
 9R[TaU\S`RP\[QN_f_\NQ`dVaUV["Z\S`U\_RYV[R
 9R[TaU\S_NVY_\NQ`dVaUV["Z\S`U\_RYV[R
 ?\NQQR[`VafYR[TaU\SZNV[_\NQ``RP\[QN_f_\NQ`
N[Q_NVY_\NQ`]R_`^bN_RXVY\ZRa_RV[RNPU1@1
Sources of data: 1:50,000 map sheets from Survey Dept. of Sri Lanka
Some of the key findings include:
 Vulnerability of the transport sector to sea level rise impacts due to climate change is highest in the
Northern and South-western coastal region of the island. The impact of sea level rise could be critical
to national development as a substantial segment of our national transportation network runs parallel
to the coastline.
 8 DSDs emerge as being highly vulnerable based on the analysis. These DSDs combined have 117
km of main roads, 183 km of secondary roads, and 38 km of railroads all within 500 m from the
coastline.
 The 10 DSDs that fall in the moderately vulnerable category together have another 75 km of main
roads, 143 km of secondary roads, and 24 km of railroads, again within 500 m from the coastline.
 Of the 14 DSDs in Jaffna District, 4 are highly vulnerable, while another 4 are moderately vulnerable
making it one of the most vulnerable districts overall. Jaffna is an area where substantial investments
are expected to be expended over the next few years.
46
47
Transport
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Transport Sector Vulnerability to Sealevel Rise Exposure
High Vulnerability
Rank District Name
Moderate Vulnerability
DSD Name
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Jaffna
Trincomalee
Jaffna
Jaffna
Mannar
Jaffna
Galle
Puttalam
Velanai
Town & Gravets
Delft
Kayts
Mannar Town
Maruthnkerny
Hikkaduwa
Kalpitiya
85.4797
132.1348
47.4332
55.2340
207.1215
135.0921
66.0971
158.7548
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Trincomalee
Jaffna
Galle
Matara
Jaffna
Jaffna
Gampaha
Jaffna
Hambantota
Mannar
Kuchaveli
Jaffna
Habaraduwa
Weligama
Chankanai
Chavakachcheri
Negombo
Nallur
Tangalle
Musalai
434.4600
10.6967
49.5183
43.1469
48.0547
222.1802
46.1424
34.4074
152.5016
478.8201
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
Kalutara
Hambantota
Kalutara
Jaffna
Puttalam
Jaffna
Galle
Matara
Mulattivu
Gampaha
Puttalam
Galle
Galle
Batticaloa
Trincomalee
Matara
Colombo
Galle
Matara
Mannar
Kalutara
Jaffna
Ampara
Ampara
Kaluthara
Hambantota
Beruwala
Point Pedro
Puttalam
Tellipallai
Balapitiya
Devinuwara
Maritimepattu
Wattala
Mundalama
Bentota
Galle Four Gravets
Koralai Pattu (Valach.)
Muttur
Matara
Moratuwa
Ambalangoda
Dickwella
Nanaddan
Panadura
Sandilipay
Ninthavur
Kalmunai
43
44
45
46
Ampara
Colombo
Colombo
Colombo
Karativu
Colombo
Rathmalana
Thimbirigasyaya
48
Minimal Vulnerability
Physical Characteristics
Area
(Sq. km)a
** Not considering other roads
Low Vulnerability
Demographics
Total
Population
No. of
Urban
Rural
Estate
%
%
Populationb Density Households Population Population Population in Poverty Completed
b
b
b
b
c
(Per Sq. km)a
Secondary
Educationa
98589
81780
1492
515
22820
18185
0
0
98539
81627
50
153
24.90
45.34
33.61
13.63
59041
66459
1192
1540
13567
14825
0
21698
59041
44761
0
0
28.70
21.50
29.53
30.48
144274
3127
31915
121413
22861
0
7.10
30.04
62800
412
14981
10437
52363
0
27.10
30.04
77.6779
338.9857
71.6785
36.9669
178.4049
61.1745
54.5727
37.6183
756.2531
57.6911
241.4497
72.3358
23.7565
593.7964
194.6406
56.1514
19.2051
70.2467
50.9687
147.6092
45.0310
48.1604
36.3016
19.6568
141829
46757
144733
1826
138
2019
31857
10945
29635
37451
11134
33096
104378
35623
111637
0
0
0
12.50
31.30
22.10
38.35
23.32
28.20
71091
398
15898
41761
29330
0
25.08
21.59
65346
44199
1197
1175
15054
9988
0
0
65346
44199
0
0
22.00
20.90
27.89
26.80
160127
56294
46442
103246
2776
233
642
4346
36368
13534
11015
19425
28740
0
0
90270
131387
56294
46442
12976
0
0
0
0
6.10
41.08
22.30
19.30
40.21
14.73
31.14
39.96
108238
177563
71047
51314
1928
9246
1011
1007
23705
41282
17122
11592
42663
177563
39302
0
65575
0
51396
51314
0
0
0
0
16.90
10.30
20.30
22.70
42.45
40.58
32.73
31.87
163492
3631
37245
33514
129978
0
7.40
40.07
24625
70465
678
3585
6235
15821
0
70465
24625
0
0
0
8.9392
17.8538
13.1472
22.3754
16365
380946
108716
266154
1831
21337
8269
11895
3641
70735
25013
52397
0
380946
108716
266154
16365
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
22.78
28.44
12.10
4.20
4.40
28.99
32.53
47.88
49.35
Land Use
Agriculture
Land Area
(Acres)d
Sector Specific Data
Forest Land
(Acres)d
Other
Land Uses
(Acres)a
Main
Roadse
Secondary
Roadse
893
305
614
2177
3295
770
6512
8480
10
18
35
1
162
15
300
265
20219.397
32328.078
11071.946
11470.561
47723.622
32596.854
9520.874
30484.011
21.94
17.70
0.00
5.92
19.04
0.00
25.57
27.25
26.88
42.98
14.19
23.60
13.00
50.60
7.81
4.10
1399
65
6562
4315
2405
9385
889
339
15465
358
6
12
209
111
2
452
17
1
1846
45
105951.968
2566.207
5465.181
6235.785
9467.527
45064.714
10495.985
8162.207
20372.810
117915.553
0.00
5.94
16.75
16.43
7.18
9.73
12.09
1.38
5.99
0.00
5288
9087
6334
1111
5189
986
7227
3860
7826
1498
10154
8597
1564
9983
5562
3948
0
10933
6411
8591
2001
2626
4650
0
235
1059
377
6
965
0
93
153
99
140
1183
240
71
36
23
133
26
128
260
64
68
6
1
0
13671.544
73618.859
11001.073
8017.695
37930.636
14130.499
6165.164
5282.647
178948.455
12617.728
48326.270
9037.489
4235.335
136710.706
42511.549
9794.253
4719.672
6297.275
5923.599
27819.887
9058.369
9268.638
4319.288
4857.293
2
0
0
0
1410.914
4411.760
3248.735
5529.063
796
0
0
0
Rail
Roadse
DSD Name
Rank
Other Roads
(km)e
Road
Densitya **
0.00
8.43
0.00
0.00
5.69
0.00
23.88
0.00
157.30
98.75
34.87
94.43
52.53
63.09
11.30
67.53
0.98
0.86
0.78
1.13
0.67
0.49
1.76
0.32
Velanai
Town & Gravets
Delft
Kayts
Mannar Town
Maruthnkerny
Hikkaduwa
Kalpitiya
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
34.60
26.02
12.37
8.35
2.16
9.45
18.91
3.64
20.46
7.13
0.00
0.56
14.71
7.75
0.00
0.58
0.00
0.88
0.00
0.00
121.82
9.94
15.39
13.94
20.87
95.40
12.44
20.46
14.56
12.01
0.17
7.15
2.03
1.89
1.11
0.88
2.21
2.39
0.91
0.10
Kuchaveli
Jaffna
Habaraduwa
Weligama
Chankanai
Chavakachcheri
Negombo
Nallur
Tangalle
Musalai
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
5.95
8.12
8.54
12.64
3.97
15.83
11.70
4.04
0.00
5.31
0.00
7.18
12.58
0.00
2.66
7.04
12.32
3.36
7.71
0.00
6.99
5.77
0.00
0.00
11.41
2.95
10.49
6.48
5.03
4.33
3.84
6.15
9.86
19.89
11.07
2.91
12.59
4.59
4.05
10.78
18.38
2.32
1.48
0.78
7.77
1.56
9.87
20.13
11.55
0.00
6.94
0.00
2.32
1.68
5.23
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.27
3.32
0.00
0.00
0.00
9.92
0.91
0.00
3.44
7.73
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.57
18.17
14.36
23.78
11.46
14.81
13.70
3.29
81.11
2.86
6.88
3.56
5.17
10.12
39.24
7.20
1.96
1.56
8.90
12.14
13.85
9.79
0.10
8.51
1.85
0.39
1.69
1.28
0.42
1.46
1.21
0.84
0.13
2.03
0.41
1.08
3.83
0.14
0.25
1.90
5.24
1.03
0.96
0.31
2.54
1.58
1.33
2.92
Kaluthara
Hambantota
Beruwala
Point Pedro
Puttalam
Tellipallai
Balapitiya
Devinuwara
Maritimepattu
Wattala
Mundalama
Bentota
Galle Four Gravets
Koralai Pattu (Valach.)
Muttur
Matara
Moratuwa
Ambalangoda
Dickwella
Nanaddan
Panadura
Sandilipay
Ninthavur
Kalmunai
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
0.00
3.76
1.63
7.06
6.60
30.99
16.97
22.18
0.00
5.79
6.58
6.56
2.59
7.71
5.96
7.35
Karativu
Colombo
Rathmalana
Thimbirigasyaya
43
44
45
46
49
Transport
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
50
Tourism
Tourism has been recognized as a high priority area capable of effectively driving the country’s economic
development. The Government’s vision is to make Sri Lanka the most sought after tourist destination in
South Asia. Tourism development in Sri Lanka has occurred in pockets throughout the country over the
last several decades, but over 62% of the tourist hotels and about 41% of guesthouses/hotel rooms in the
country are in the coastal zone. The main tourist areas on the coast were located in the Colombo City
and Greater Colombo, the South-west coast, and the East coast. The country’s positioning as a tourist
destination, however, over the last decade has been shifting to a more diversified product base, with
increasing emphasis on nature and cultural tourism inland. Nevertheless, the coastline will remain the
focus of most major planned tourism developments in the foreseeable future, particularly considering the
unexploited potential of the North and East which were effectively not marketed for the last 30 years.
The tourist industry in the coastal region would be heavily exposed to potential risks from sea level rise,
storm surges and related coastal flooding. In these areas, tourist hotels are concentrated along the beach,
where setbacks may not be adequate to address sea level rise, or are not adequately enforced to ensure
safety from storms and hurricanes. Left unaddressed, this could result in loss of assets, tourism revenue,
and employment opportunities as climate change impacts worsen. The impacts of more frequent storms
can accelerate coastal erosion and cause flooding and loss of prime land too. Areas with a concentration
of tourism related infrastructure at present, as well as other areas projected for tourism development, are
vulnerable.
Rising ocean temperatures and changing weather patterns could have substantial impacts on Sri Lanka’s
coastal habitats that underpin Sri Lanka’s tourism product. Changing temperatures may negatively impact
terrestrial forest cover, and the flora and fauna they contain, diminishing Sri Lanka’s appeal to ecotourists as a biodiversity hotspot. Energy consumption in the tourist industry may increase, as cooling
requirements will increase with rising ambient temperatures.
Other climate change related natural disasters affecting the tourism industry include floods and
landslides. Disruption of transportation networks due to these natural disasters can significantly impact
the tourism sector when mobility is reduced periodically. In addition, areas affected by natural hazards
frequently may be avoided by tourists. More details on climate change vulnerabilities to the tourism
sector including vulnerability enhancing issues are provided in Section 2, Part II, SVP on Urban
Development, Human Settlements and Economic Infrastructure.
51
Tourism
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Vulnerability of the Tourism Sector to Flood Exposure
The indicators used for the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index are:
The Sensitivity Index
The Adaptive Capacity Index
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 =R_PR[aNTR\SYVcRYVU\\Q`QR]R[QR[a\[a\b_V`Z
 A\aNY[bZOR_\STbR`a_\\Z`V[U\aRY`TbR`aU\b`R`
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 ]R_PR[aNTR\S]R\]YRRZ]Y\fRQV[`RPa\_`\aUR_aUN[
a\b_V`Z
 ]R_PR[aNTR\S]R\]YRdU\UNcRP\Z]YRaRQ`RP\[QN_f
education
 ;bZOR_\SU\aRY`TbR`aU\b`R`dVaU\cR_"_\\Z
capacity
Data sources: 2001 National Census and SLTDA
Some key findings include:
 Vulnerability of the tourism sector to the expected increase of floods due to climate change is
generally focused in the Western region of the country, although pockets of moderate vulnerability
can be found in several other areas.
 5 DSDs are highly vulnerable. These 5 DSDs have:
R
R
4,466 hotel rooms and 713 guest house rooms (30.5% and 12.6% of capacity in each category
respectively).
386,449 livelihoods of which 14,876 are directly dependent on tourism.
 Colombo DSD (Colombo District) is the most vulnerable, followed by Beruwala DSD (Kalutara
District).
 10 DSDs emerge as moderately vulnerable to flood exposure. These DSDs have:
R
R
52
2,652 hotel rooms and 853 guest rooms (18.2% and 15.1% of total capacity in each category).
13,699 jobs directly dependent on tourism.
53
Tourism
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Tourism Sector Vulnerability to Flood Exposure
High Vulnerability
Rank District Name
Moderate Vulnerability
DSD Name
Low Vulnerability
Minimal Vulnerability
Physical Characteristics
Area
(Sq. km)a
Demographics
Total
Population
No. of
Urban
Rural
Estate
%
%
Populationb Density Households Population Population Population in Poverty Completed
b
b
b
b
c
(Per Sq. km)a
Secondary
Educationa
1
2
3
4
5
Colombo
Kalutara
Gampaha
Gampaha
Gampaha
Colombo
Beruwala
Katana
Negombo
Wattala
17.8538
71.6785
124.9577
46.1424
57.6911
380946
144733
222683
144274
160127
21337
2019
1782
3127
2776
70735
29635
50765
31915
36368
380946
33096
73318
121413
28740
0
111637
149365
22861
131387
0
0
0
0
0
12.10
22.10
7.70
7.10
6.10
32.53
28.20
41.14
30.04
40.21
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Matale
Colombo
Rathnapura
Gampaha
Kalutara
Ampara
Colombo
Colombo
Gampaha
Gampaha
Dambulla
Thimbirigasyaya
Rathnapura
Kelaniya
Kaluthara
Pothuvil
Kolonnawa
Rathmalana
Dompe
Gampaha
455.1342
22.3754
326.7894
21.9313
77.6779
271.8310
26.0388
13.1472
182.1586
90.6959
60976
266154
115223
134364
141829
28480
161247
108716
130021
171040
134
11895
353
6127
1826
105
6193
8269
714
1886
15285
52397
26549
30272
31857
6693
35803
25013
31962
41357
0
266154
45623
29820
37451
0
56396
108716
0
9284
60959
0
53219
104544
104378
28480
104851
0
130021
161756
17
0
16381
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
19.90
4.40
21.90
6.90
12.50
8.20
4.20
21.10
9.90
23.88
49.35
30.01
41.85
38.35
13.45
35.95
47.88
31.48
43.27
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Gampaha
Kalutara
Gampaha
Puttalam
Kalutara
Hambantota
Hambantota
Polonnaruwa
Badulla
Kalutara
Puttalam
Puttalam
Colombo
Matara
Gampaha
Biyagama
Panadura
Ja-Ela
Wennappuwa
Bulathsinhala
Tangalle
Tissamaharama
Thamankaduwa
Ella
Mathugama
Chilaw
Mahawewa
Kaduwela
Matara
Minuwangoda
60.2668
45.0310
61.4202
40.9400
209.4387
152.5016
783.8008
465.7376
109.3657
134.3624
93.6034
75.3055
87.7537
56.1514
133.2225
161300
163492
184666
70817
59787
62800
60982
74224
42894
73269
59890
48861
209251
108238
151661
2676
3631
3007
1730
285
412
78
159
392
545
640
649
2385
1928
1138
36655
37245
42975
18180
15611
14981
14829
17920
10775
17604
14448
12600
48849
23705
37683
0
33514
30791
0
0
10437
0
0
0
0
23533
0
0
42663
7567
161300
129978
153875
70487
53331
52363
60486
73956
29156
66781
36357
48405
209251
65575
144084
0
0
0
330
6456
0
496
268
13738
6488
0
456
0
0
10
11.30
7.40
7.80
14.88
27.40
27.10
32.20
14.15
28.04
29.40
20.11
14.78
6.00
16.90
12.50
41.68
40.07
44.60
25.79
22.09
30.04
22.31
28.23
21.90
28.65
21.74
26.88
48.78
42.45
38.36
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Gampaha
Colombo
Kalutara
Puttalam
Matara
Ampara
Rathnapura
Galle
Kegalle
Kalutara
Colombo
Kalutara
Colombo
Attanagalla
Hanwella
Bandaragama
Puttalam
Kaburupitiya
Kalmunai
Eheliyagoda
Elpitiya
Dehiovita
Walallawita
Moratuwa
Horana
Sri Jayawardanapura
Kotte
154.3057
145.8825
57.4085
178.4049
59.7187
19.6568
141.9292
151.2593
193.2396
213.2047
19.2051
112.7795
16.5150
154967
94001
86886
71091
37347
70465
63870
60292
73991
50676
177563
90690
116366
1004
644
1513
398
625
3585
450
399
383
238
9246
804
7046
36838
22689
20579
15898
9079
15821
15566
15049
18460
12793
41282
22048
25822
0
21601
0
41761
0
70465
0
0
0
0
177563
9127
116366
154821
66446
86886
29330
37347
0
61593
58153
62883
47579
0
80042
0
146
5954
0
0
0
0
2277
2139
11108
3097
0
1521
0
15.40
14.20
8.20
25.08
24.90
39.55
34.61
37.31
21.59
31.28
28.44
26.60
26.49
24.21
25.28
40.58
42.98
55.07
54
26.90
22.70
29.30
31.40
10.30
8.40
2.70
Land Use
Agriculture
Land Area
(Acres)d
Forest
Land
(Acres)d
Sector Specific Data
Other
Land Uses
(Acres)a
Livelihoods
Dependent
on Tourismb
% of
No. of
Livelihoods Hotel Rooms
Dependent on in DSf and a
Tourisma
DSD Name
No. Guest
House
Rooms
Rank
Total
Roomsa
f and a
0
6334
6612
889
1498
0
377
81
17
140
4411.760
11001.073
24184.605
10495.985
12617.728
6480
2651
1992
2151
1602
4.71
6.44
1.92
4.59
2.80
1969
1095
471
665
266
120
209
67
253
64
2089
1304
538
918
330
Colombo
Beruwala
Katana
Negombo
Wattala
1
2
3
4
5
22407
0
13687
472
5288
3781
770
0
20538
8491
2218
0
1504
17
235
51
32
0
421
77
87840.666
5529.063
65560.086
4930.320
13671.544
63338.632
5632.309
3248.735
24053.187
13843.352
1161
4157
732
1334
1607
146
1250
1694
485
1133
4.41
3.87
1.62
2.57
3.63
2.48
2.19
3.69
1.12
1.89
560
1082
53
40
613
23
0
260
21
0
88
195
25
116
70
25
10
215
20
89
648
1277
78
156
683
48
10
475
41
89
Dambulla
Thimbirigasyaya
Rathnapura
Kelaniya
Kaluthara
Pothuvil
Kolonnawa
Rathmalana
Dompe
Gampaha
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
4743
2001
2368
2494
16292
15465
17224
18061
3924
8883
7252
5354
3569
3948
16148
143
68
43
39
1202
1846
1145
831
524
619
316
56
116
133
192
10006.193
9058.369
12766.210
7583.446
34259.229
20372.810
175311.632
96193.798
22576.736
23699.538
15561.806
13198.323
17999.317
9794.253
16579.853
1007
1456
1356
547
264
401
490
515
227
664
390
384
1398
624
845
1.60
2.64
2.02
2.27
1.16
2.04
2.53
2.00
1.42
2.89
2.02
2.37
1.80
2.01
1.55
153
304
0
240
64
79
64
162
40
0
15
191
10
56
57
25
133
56
52
17
64
64
56
25
10
0
31
16
71
33
178
437
56
292
81
143
128
218
65
10
15
222
26
127
90
Biyagama
Panadura
Ja-Ela
Wennappuwa
Bulathsinhala
Tangalle
Tissamaharama
Thamankaduwa
Ella
Mathugama
Chilaw
Mahawewa
Kaduwela
Matara
Minuwangoda
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
15028
8158
4220
5189
8089
0
10422
18602
10718
18416
0
10552
0
362
544
150
965
223
0
639
1040
947
1700
26
227
0
22739.604
27346.217
9815.890
37930.636
6444.750
4857.293
24010.328
17734.834
36085.352
32567.808
4719.672
17089.315
4080.936
1000
826
381
338
98
274
343
298
360
248
1306
452
1066
1.97
2.37
1.33
1.85
0.96
1.75
1.51
1.44
1.38
1.48
1.94
1.38
2.44
12
14
0
0
57
0
0
0
10
0
45
0
0
35
57
9
10
23
15
22
19
0
4
64
36
20
47
71
9
10
80
15
22
19
10
4
109
36
20
Attanagalla
Hanwella
Bandaragama
Puttalam
Kaburupitiya
Kalmunai
Eheliyagoda
Elpitiya
Dehiovita
Walallawita
Moratuwa
Horana
Sri Jayawardanapura
Kotte
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
55
Tourism
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Vulnerability of the Tourism Sector to Sea Level Rise Exposure
The indicators used for the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index are:
The Sensitivity Index
The Adaptive Capacity Index
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 =R_PR[aNTR\SYVcRYVU\\Q`QR]R[QR[a\[a\b_V`Z
 A\aNY[bZOR_\STbR`a_\\Z`V[U\aRY`TbR`aU\b`R`
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 ]R_PR[aNTR\S]R\]YRRZ]Y\fRQV[`RPa\_`\aUR_aUN[
a\b_V`Z
 ]R_PR[aNTR\S]R\]YRdU\UNcRP\Z]YRaRQ`RP\[QN_f
education
 ;bZOR_\SU\aRY`TbR`aU\b`R`dVaU\cR_"_\\Z
capacity
Data sources: 2001 National Census and SLTDA
Some key findings include:
 The tourism sector’s vulnerability is concentrated along the Western and South-western coastline of
Colombo, reflecting the concentration of tourism activities in these areas.
 5 DSDs emerge as being highly vulnerable to potential sea level rise exposure. These 5 DSDs
R 4,960 hotel rooms and 895 guest rooms (34% and 15.8% of national capacity in each category.
R have 13,810 jobs directly dependent on tourism.
 A further 6 DSDs emerge as moderately vulnerable. These DSDs have:
R
2,928 hotel rooms and 808 guest rooms (20% and 14.3% of the total capacity in each category
respectively).
R 9,715 livelihoods directly dependent on tourism.
 Complete and comparable data was not available for the North and East.
 The distribution of hotel rooms is likely to change substantially with planned new tourism
developments in Kalpitiya (Puttalam District) and along the Eastern coastline. A planning scenario
simulating 1,500 hotel rooms in Kalpitiya raised it to be one of the DSDs with its tourism sector most
vulnerable to sea level rise exposure.
56
57
Tourism
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Tourism Sector Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise Exposure
High Vulnerability
Rank District Name
Moderate Vulnerability
DSD Name
Low Vulnerability
Minimal Vulnerability
Physical Characteristics
Area
(Sq. km)a
Demographics
Total
Population
No. of
Urban
Rural
Estate
%
%
Populationb Density Households Population Population Population in Poverty Completed
b
b
b
b
c
(Per Sq. km)a
Secondary
Educationa
1
2
3
4
5
Galle
Kalutara
Galle
Gampaha
Colombo
Bentota
Beruwala
Habaraduwa
Negombo
Colombo
72.3358
71.6785
49.5183
46.1424
17.8538
46442
144733
59041
144274
380946
642
2019
1192
3127
21337
11015
29635
13567
31915
70735
0
33096
0
121413
380946
46442
111637
59041
22861
0
0
0
0
0
0
22.30
22.10
28.70
7.10
12.10
31.14
28.20
29.53
30.04
32.53
6
7
8
9
10
11
Galle
Colombo
Matara
Colombo
Kalutara
Galle
Hikkaduwa
Thimbirigasyaya
Weligama
Rathmalana
Kaluthara
Balapitiya
66.0971
22.3754
43.1469
13.1472
77.6779
54.5727
98589
266154
66459
108716
141829
65346
1492
11895
1540
8269
1826
1197
22820
52397
14825
25013
31857
15054
0
266154
21698
108716
37451
0
98539
0
44761
0
104378
65346
50
0
0
0
0
0
24.90
4.40
21.50
4.20
12.50
22.00
33.61
49.35
30.48
47.88
38.35
27.89
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Kalutara
Galle
Hambantota
Gampaha
Colombo
Hambantota
Puttalam
Panadura
Galle Four Gravets
Hambantota
Wattala
Moratuwa
Tangalle
Puttalam
45.0310
23.7565
338.9857
57.6911
19.2051
152.5016
178.4049
163492
103246
46757
160127
177563
62800
71091
3631
4346
138
2776
9246
412
398
37245
19425
10945
36368
41282
14981
15898
33514
90270
11134
28740
177563
10437
41761
129978
12976
35623
131387
0
52363
29330
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7.40
19.30
31.30
6.10
10.30
27.10
25.08
40.07
39.96
23.32
40.21
40.58
30.04
21.59
19
20
21
22
23
Matara
Galle
Matara
Ampara
Matara
Devinuwara
Ambalangoda
Matara
Kalmunai
Dickwella
37.6183
70.2467
56.1514
19.6568
50.9687
44199
71047
108238
70465
51314
1175
1011
1928
3585
1007
9988
17122
23705
15821
11592
0
39302
42663
70465
0
44199
51396
65575
0
51314
0
0
0
0
0
20.90
20.30
16.90
26.80
32.73
42.45
28.44
31.87
58
22.70
Land Use
Agriculture
Land Area
(Acres)d
Forest
Land
(Acres)d
Sector Specific Data
Other
Land Uses
(Acres)a
Livelihoods
Dependent
on Tourismb
% of
No. of
Livelihoods Hotel Rooms
Dependent on in DSf and a
Tourisma
DSD Name
No. Guest
House
Rooms
Rank
Total
Roomsa
f and a
8597
6334
6562
889
0
240
377
209
17
0
9037.489
11001.073
5465.181
10495.985
4411.760
1601
2651
927
2151
6480
12.00
6.44
5.08
4.59
4.71
766
1095
465
665
1969
90
209
223
253
120
856
1304
688
918
2089
Bentota
Beruwala
Habaraduwa
Negombo
Colombo
1
2
3
4
5
6512
0
4315
0
5288
7227
300
0
111
0
235
93
9520.874
5529.063
6235.785
3248.735
13671.544
6165.164
1051
4157
413
1694
1607
793
3.92
3.87
2.33
3.69
3.63
4.48
625
1082
120
260
613
228
148
195
153
215
70
27
773
1277
273
475
683
255
Hikkaduwa
Thimbirigasyaya
Weligama
Rathmalana
Kaluthara
Balapitiya
6
7
8
9
10
11
2001
1564
9087
1498
0
15465
5189
68
71
1059
140
26
1846
965
9058.369
4235.335
73618.859
12617.728
4719.672
20372.810
37930.636
1456
847
353
1602
1306
401
338
2.64
2.86
2.35
2.80
1.94
2.04
1.85
304
78
161
266
45
79
0
133
45
7
64
64
64
10
437
123
168
330
109
143
10
Panadura
Galle Four Gravets
Hambantota
Wattala
Moratuwa
Tangalle
Puttalam
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
3860
10933
3948
0
6411
153
128
133
0
260
5282.647
6297.275
9794.253
4857.293
5923.599
157
405
624
274
242
1.35
1.97
2.01
1.75
1.83
32
24
56
0
71
0
27
71
15
0
32
51
127
15
71
Devinuwara
Ambalangoda
Matara
Kalmunai
Dickwella
19
20
21
22
23
59
Tourism
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
60
Water
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Water for Domestic Needs and Irrigation
Water satisfies a basic human need, and is a vital resource for the proper functioning of all sectors of
Sri Lanka’s economy, be it agriculture, health, energy, supply of water for drinking and sanitation and
industry.
Sri Lanka is frequently subjected to several natural hazards, mainly floods, landslides, and droughts.
The frequency and intensity of these hazards are expected to increase with climate change. Sea level
rise, coastal flooding, coastal erosions, changes in rainfall regimes and the rise in ambient temperature
are also expected. These concerns will be exacerbated by various anthropogenic factors that already
threaten freshwater resources in the island and have resulted in many socio-economic and environmental
problems.
Drinking Water
Sri Lanka depends on its surface and groundwater resources for domestic use. At the time Sri Lanka
received independence in 1948 only a segment of the urban population in Colombo and Kandy had
piped water, while the main sources of drinking water at the time were unprotected wells, rivers, tanks
and canals. The share of water used by the urban population in Sri Lanka is projected to increase to 45%
by 2015 and to 65% by 2030, which is bound to increase the pressure to meet the national targets for
drinking water.
Currently, 35.5% of the entire population in the island have access to pipe-borne water, but rural
populations continue to rely considerably on wells for their drinking, culinary needs, washing, bathing
and laundering requirements, while others use water from tanks and reservoirs for these needs. Although
around 84.8% of the population has access to safe drinking water, the water sector faces considerable
challenges to meet its target of providing an uninterrupted supply of water to all in the medium-term due
to rising demand.
The analysis of climate data for Sri Lanka clearly indicates changes in rainfall and temperature
throughout the country. As climate change is expected to change the pattern and quantity of rainfall,
evapo-transpiration, surface run-off and soil moisture storage, changes in water availability for irrigated
agriculture and public use could well be anticipated.
Drinking water availability in terms of quantity and quality, in the country is already under threat due to
anthropogenic stresses. These, with the added implications of climate change will bring about further
risk to resource availability. For example, sea level rise is expected to cause saline intrusion which can
seriously affect freshwater availability. Salt water intrusion can affect coastal aquifers upon which people
are heavily dependent, especially with the country’s population concentrated on the coastal belt. More
frequent and prolonged drought conditions will seriously affect the availability of freshwater resources
further inland, which will impede meeting the targets for providing drinking water for all. Freshwater
availability problems are expected to worsen especially in the Dry Zone.
61
Drinking Water Sector Vulnerability to Drought Exposure
The indicators used for the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index are:
The Sensitivity Index
The Adaptive Capacity Index
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 =R_PR[aNTR\S4_NZN;VYNQN_V1VcV`V\[`dVaU
more than 2 types of water sources
 =R_PR[aNTR\SU\b`RU\YQ`dVaU]_VZN_fdNaR_
source within premises
 6[PVQR[PR\SdNaR_O\_[RQV`RN`R
 =\]bYNaV\[QR[`Vaf
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 ]R_PR[aNTR\S]R\]YRNO\cRaURTY\ONYYfNPPR]aRQ
poverty line
 ]R_PR[aNTR\S]R\]YRdU\UNcRP\Z]YRaRQ
secondary education
Source of raw data: Population and Housing Census,2001
Some of the key findings include:
 Vulnerability is widespread, but the south/south-central, north-western and north-central regions of
the country are particularly vulnerable.
 13 DSDs emerge as highly vulnerable to the impacts of drought. These DSDs have:
R
R
R
a population of 575,287.
143,036 housing units.
194,950 people below the poverty line.
 In the highly vulnerable DSDs
R
71.6% of the population depend on groundwater (i.e. 63.5% depend on either protected/
unprotected wells and 8.1% depend on tube wells).
R 18.1% of the population have access to pipe-borne water.
R 9.2% of households depend on rivers, streams and tanks as their primary source of water; only
28.2% of households have their primary source of water within their own premises.
 Embilipitiya (Ratnapura District), Rideemaliyadda (Badulla District) and Siyambalanduwa
(Moneragala District) emerge as the 3 DSDs most vulnerable to impacts of drought on their drinking
water supply.
R
R
R
R
R
In the Embilipitiya DSD, 54% of the housing units used groundwater as their primary source of
drinking water.
In the Rideemaliyadda DSD, 89.3% of the 10,681 households use groundwater as their primary
source of water.
In the Siyambalanduwa DSD, 90.9% of the households used groundwater as the primary water
source.
All three of these DSDs have very high levels of poverty and low education levels (especially
Rideemaliyadda and Siyambalanduwa DSDs).
Embilipitiya and Rideemaliyadda have high incidences of water borne diseases.
 Another 35 DSDs emerged as having moderate vulnerability of their drinking water to drought
exposure. They have:
R
R
R
62
15.2% of households with access to pipe-borne water.
75.1% of households that use groundwater as their primary source of water.
8.3% of households that use water from rivers, streams and other sources only 32.3% of
households with their primary source of water within their own premises.
63
Drinking Water
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Drinking Water Sector Vulnerability to Drought Exposure
High Vulnerability
Moderate Vulnerability
Rank District Name DSD Name
Area
(Sq. km)a
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Rathnapura
Badulla
Moneragala
Puttalam
Badulla
Ampara
Badulla
Moneragala
Hambantota
Kurunegala
Hambantota
Puttalam
Rathnapura
Embilipitiya
Rideemaliyadda
Siyambalanduwa
Anamaduwa
Kandaketiya
Padiyathalawa
Meegahakivula
Thanamalwila
Suriyawewa
Polpithigama
Ambalantota
Arachchikattuwa
Kolonna
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Badulla
Kurunegala
Rathnapura
Rathnapura
Puttalam
Anuradhapura
Puttalam
Hambantota
Hambantota
Moneragala
Badulla
Badulla
Puttalam
Puttalam
Kurunegala
Badulla
Hambantota
Puttalam
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
Low Vulnerability
Minimal Vulnerability
Physical Characteristics
Demographics
Total
Population
No. of
Urban
Rural
Estate
%
%
Populationb Density Households Population Population Population in Poverty Completed
b
b
b
b
c
(Per Sq. km)a
Secondary
Educationa
383.4799
438.2808
1065.6754
259.0095
152.6207
386.8510
108.7195
661.4470
189.7447
417.5552
211.3413
162.6380
183.0319
119563
45759
47438
33302
22494
15971
18650
23172
35529
67263
64361
38092
43693
312
104
45
129
147
41
172
35
187
161
305
234
239
29126
10681
10808
9039
5425
3642
4558
5893
9031
18926
15334
9912
10661
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
119490
45582
47438
33302
21428
15971
16316
23172
35529
67263
63426
37402
38930
73
177
0
0
1066
0
2334
0
0
0
935
690
4763
31.60
51.15
51.80
16.77
46.10
46.50
35.80
34.80
30.00
33.30
21.82
37.70
21.16
14.89
13.52
22.53
14.56
11.66
12.52
14.18
17.37
18.13
21.36
16.64
14.65
137.2816
163.9366
155.7512
203.5279
241.4497
242.5157
158.7548
300.3473
174.0781
722.5206
80.8879
598.4674
503.9380
736.5317
147.1195
414.9996
103.7065
76524
71483
69123
29099
56294
21146
81780
25226
42426
28358
22760
67301
20225
16460
36812
38223
41392
557
436
444
143
233
87
515
84
244
39
281
112
40
22
250
92
399
19213
18666
16962
7690
13534
5452
18185
6922
10394
6678
5667
16499
5550
4024
9830
9855
10025
0
6290
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
65809
65102
57669
28720
56294
21146
81627
25226
42426
28358
18160
67301
20225
16410
36770
23207
62344
10715
91
11454
379
0
0
153
0
0
0
4600
0
0
50
42
15016
0
33.35
16.62
38.20
39.20
41.08
34.33
45.34
33.50
33.00
40.70
34.24
38.57
23.77
40.31
23.20
31.65
34.30
19.52
32.77
20.31
19.60
14.73
14.43
13.63
17.85
16.83
19.44
17.35
20.02
14.80
12.25
22.57
18.09
17.11
Moneragala
Kurunegala
Badulla
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Matale
Hambantota
Polonnaruwa
Moneragala
Kurunegala
Puttalam
Hambantota
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Uva Paranagama
Kuliyapitiya West
Godakawela
Weligepola
Mundalama
Padaviya
Kalpitiya
Lunugamvehera
Angunukolapeles
Madulla
Soranathota
Mahiyanganaya
Karuwalagaswewa
Vanathavilluwa
Ganewatta
Haldummulla
Katuwana
Mahakumbuk
kadawala
Wellawaya
Galgamuwa
Ella
Panduwasnuwara
Rambewa
Kobeigane
Kotawehera
Laggala-Pallegama
Hambantota
Medirigiriya
Medagama
Ibbagamuwa
Nawagattegama
Tissamaharama
Mahawa
Giribawa
Rasnayakapura
175.8432
585.9537
273.2962
109.3657
216.0387
303.6555
130.8780
182.1192
373.8370
338.9857
570.3679
241.1373
219.4878
171.9949
783.8008
260.6953
207.1489
125.8909
16905
50768
47844
42894
69888
31604
32230
19273
12399
46757
57899
32467
76344
12956
60982
50576
28093
18814
96
87
175
392
323
104
246
106
33
138
102
135
348
75
78
194
136
149
4686
12698
12759
10775
18130
8230
8581
5323
3305
10945
15189
7664
19589
3519
14829
13674
7831
5071
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11134
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
16905
50768
47844
29156
69888
31592
32230
19273
12055
35623
57899
32467
75913
12956
60486
50576
28093
18678
0
0
0
13738
0
12
0
0
344
0
0
0
431
0
496
0
0
136
28.65
24.90
25.70
28.04
18.90
20.57
19.10
21.70
34.60
31.30
13.37
30.20
24.30
26.44
32.20
20.90
24.00
23.00
15.18
17.79
22.00
21.90
28.69
19.54
24.70
26.07
19.05
23.32
14.73
14.89
26.50
13.19
22.31
21.83
19.56
20.46
Anuradhapura
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura
Moneragala
Horowpothana
Nikaweratiya
Medawachchiya
Kebithigollewa
Moneragala
845.8179
152.4124
492.1070
611.9821
292.5414
29642
36370
40469
19457
42457
35
239
82
32
145
7578
9549
10338
4903
10071
0
0
0
0
0
29642
36370
40469
19457
39112
0
0
0
0
3345
24.95
19.40
21.34
27.74
29.30
14.78
24.93
24.09
18.03
23.23
64
Primary Water Source
Wellsb
Tubewellsb
Tapb
Otherb
Wells and
Taps within
Premisesb
DSD Name
Rank
Wells and
Taps outside
Premisesb
13235
8838
9098
7072
2284
2588
1749
2775
5948
16971
8054
7358
4860
2528
697
723
1386
462
601
262
1279
406
982
1028
987
278
10436
262
41
410
1258
36
1893
1103
1448
266
5810
758
2183
2627
772
875
75
1342
399
602
673
1111
487
354
700
3208
10577
2876
2126
1958
903
540
1330
1284
1848
5644
5968
3545
1702
9994
3748
2952
5177
2110
791
1964
1514
3625
8251
6238
4458
3275
Embilipitiya
Rideemaliyadda
Siyambalanduwa
Anamaduwa
Kandaketiya
Padiyathalawa
Meegahakivula
Thanamalwila
Suriyawewa
Polpithigama
Ambalantota
Arachchikattuwa
Kolonna
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
10964
17236
6858
5146
10213
4252
13889
851
7997
5338
1870
13240
3978
1850
9344
1133
8504
3534
804
224
247
151
1222
520
1747
103
1221
361
114
747
1350
804
153
151
1557
975
3167
887
4124
841
223
414
1103
5760
1065
325
2280
1531
31
606
107
6158
2612
86
3671
95
5519
1457
1575
216
818
108
31
592
1320
734
122
678
143
2267
2316
79
2962
10419
3836
1476
4952
1292
8347
1488
2148
2620
1179
6613
624
681
4427
3285
3491
793
7741
5370
5313
3147
4778
1337
5920
5021
4790
2308
2398
5728
2689
1293
4223
3606
2757
2393
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
5768
10145
3162
17364
6951
8072
4489
1525
3016
12514
5985
18167
1111
1802
259
317
1007
210
747
436
78
1300
311
288
2043
577
5252
276
27
159
16
386
7370
889
378
641
3597
60
1887
57
173
56
8
939
378
319
880
289
2716
3036
2722
9614
2190
3975
1173
592
5482
2420
1720
9059
2878
5741
4725
7353
3883
3980
3130
954
4664
4231
2745
8134
Uva Paranagama
Kuliyapitiya West
Godakawela
Weligepola
Mundalama
Padaviya
Kalpitiya
Lunugamvehera
Angunukolapeles
Madulla
Soranathota
Mahiyanganaya
Karuwalagaswewa
Vanathavilluwa
Ganewatta
Haldummulla
Katuwana
Mahakumbuk
kadawala
Wellawaya
Galgamuwa
Ella
Panduwasnuwara
Rambewa
Kobeigane
Kotawehera
Laggala-Pallegama
Hambantota
Medirigiriya
Medagama
Ibbagamuwa
2243
6098
12782
6274
4623
1098
1071
594
1332
296
118
7108
176
47
26
15
394
49
140
45
540
6400
5503
1391
1330
1499
6309
6218
3296
3025
Nawagattegama
Tissamaharama
Mahawa
Giribawa
Rasnayakapura
44
45
46
47
48
6132
8047
7988
3863
5721
1079
969
1654
560
818
117
415
409
226
2087
158
67
68
151
1341
1962
3041
3167
1071
3139
3400
4915
3843
1932
2903
Horowpothana
Nikaweratiya
Medawachchiya
Kebithigollewa
Moneragala
49
50
51
52
53
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
65
Drinking Water
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Rank District Name
DSD Name
Area
(Sq. km)a
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
Hambantota
Kurunegala
Rathnapura
Anuradhapura
Hambantota
Moneragala
Moneragala
Anuradhapura
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Nuwara Eliya
Anuradhapura
Kurunegala
Moneragala
Puttalam
Anuradhapura
Moneragala
Badulla
Anuradhapura
Kurunegala
Hambantota
Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura
Kandy
Hambantota
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Kurunegala
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
Anuradhapura
Puttalam
Kurunegala
Matale
Anuradhapura
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
66
Weeraketiya
Bingiriya
Balangoda
Maha Vilachchiya
Okewela
Sewanagala
Badalkumbura
Nuwaragam
Palatha Central
Wariyapola
Rideegama
Ambagamuwa
Kahatagasdigiliya
Ambanpola
Buttala
Puttalam
Thalawa
Katharagama
Haputhale
Galenbidunuwawe
Polgahawela
Tangalle
Thirappane
Nochchiyagama
Palagala
Galnewa
Pathahewaheta
Beliatta
Kuliyapitiya East
Pannala
Ipalogama
Narammala
Thambuttegama
Chilaw
Mawathagama
Ukuwela
Mihintale
Udubaddawa
Mallawapitiya
Weerambugedara
Kurunegala
Nuwaragam
Palatha East
Physical Characteristics
Demographics
Total
Population
No. of
Urban
Rural
Estate
%
%
Populationb Density Households Population Population Population in Poverty Completed
b
b
b
b
c
(Per Sq. km)a
Secondary
Educationa
115.4094
195.2943
274.1594
624.8276
41.9560
191.9569
235.9900
37401
55763
77303
18557
18247
36820
36784
324
286
282
30
435
192
156
9208
15223
18720
4630
4266
9221
9030
0
0
11402
0
0
0
0
55459
55613
58032
18557
18247
35739
32733
0
150
7869
0
0
1081
4051
32.50
16.80
27.30
31.16
34.10
19.30
27.90
21.20
24.53
27.22
17.85
25.51
20.35
23.53
389.4952
201.7589
222.5431
487.9105
366.6055
142.5265
735.5660
178.4049
220.5999
536.3836
70.3267
288.1528
97.3861
152.5016
278.9562
843.5736
226.9676
140.2283
83.5016
102.5034
113.2748
284.9191
142.4270
108.3197
53665
56880
80473
203717
33572
19964
47324
71091
50919
16297
50735
40888
58762
62800
23378
41601
29837
30344
53843
52283
46966
114438
32933
51244
138
282
362
418
92
140
64
398
231
30
721
142
603
412
84
49
131
216
645
510
415
402
231
473
13055
15207
21118
47145
8619
5488
11843
15898
13375
3875
11565
10454
14506
14981
6143
11239
8196
8165
13229
12630
11728
29467
8730
13092
11598
0
0
14204
0
0
0
41761
0
0
3235
0
0
10437
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
42067
56832
78808
47474
33572
19964
47324
29330
50919
16297
29372
40888
57940
52363
23378
41601
29837
30344
51531
52283
46839
113726
31992
51244
0
48
1665
142039
0
0
0
0
0
0
18128
0
822
0
0
0
0
0
2312
0
127
712
941
0
20.14
18.90
32.76
22.90
19.63
23.10
21.20
25.08
19.44
19.80
24.42
18.56
22.91
27.10
18.59
16.98
23.83
18.46
26.60
28.30
20.32
17.80
17.41
21.40
20.32
29.42
26.28
16.74
20.03
23.46
22.01
21.59
22.25
19.56
29.37
21.42
35.64
30.04
23.27
19.61
21.98
20.55
30.92
36.26
27.57
31.16
25.86
33.36
111.4855
93.6034
109.6233
77.9074
234.9169
117.5985
79.9307
91.3110
111.0680
36524
59890
56820
61568
26786
48800
46575
30311
88944
328
640
518
790
114
415
583
332
801
9448
14448
14191
14856
6657
12669
11574
8085
20292
0
23533
0
977
1523
0
0
0
28401
36524
36357
55013
54983
25263
48742
46240
30311
60369
0
0
1807
5608
0
58
335
0
174
19.05
20.11
24.92
21.40
18.97
17.70
19.50
20.11
14.70
22.52
21.74
33.95
29.55
29.03
29.43
33.19
39.05
44.87
90.6614
65671
724
14504
40030
25641
0
11.97
44.47
Primary Water Source
b
Wells
Tubewells
b
b
Tap
DSD Name
b
Other
Wells and
Taps within
Premisesb
Rank
Wells and
Taps outside
Premisesb
10838
14361
8372
3084
3985
5852
4904
7755
1533
526
91
1303
161
558
581
2528
782
170
6801
55
55
503
1070
2280
275
70
3188
101
49
2178
2385
254
3559
7704
5736
1064
1404
1074
1566
4230
4399
5936
7168
1687
1727
3235
2996
4949
14379
15626
4996
7019
4275
7043
8081
11715
331
2526
8811
13132
5415
4717
8841
6070
6658
5861
10122
11310
27873
7006
12458
300
546
1679
814
834
1216
1443
979
49
187
1162
280
455
1227
1343
1362
1259
1863
312
77
243
1222
220
331
2887
28970
638
259
1877
5207
170
3235
6548
152
916
8699
21
729
199
95
4363
1995
172
837
379
267
86
1845
9840
61
82
1636
681
383
191
1951
186
46
326
115
189
435
110
1000
65
183
87
48
7346
7217
14791
2621
1416
3838
5780
3328
1991
3917
2467
7049
6255
1073
2742
1726
1574
2064
5075
5754
14896
1815
6286
6553
9121
17703
4359
2696
3525
7182
5925
1546
4396
4968
5067
7096
3193
5465
3345
3628
6751
5703
4188
4928
4005
3561
7543
7886
12283
5776
3851
12003
10063
7785
16326
3495
764
774
399
848
1763
332
380
85
562
1275
892
5331
854
6644
862
168
590
83
2943
9274
130
357
520
1349
32
70
403
42
54
140
2368
7252
6403
4856
2278
7019
5778
4400
11674
9352
4533
5801
5482
6691
2102
2997
3838
2281
6855
3025
Weeraketiya
Bingiriya
Balangoda
Maha Vilachchiya
Okewela
Sewanagala
Badalkumbura
Nuwaragam
Palatha Central
Wariyapola
Rideegama
Ambagamuwa
Kahatagasdigiliya
Ambanpola
Buttala
Puttalam
Thalawa
Katharagama
Haputhale
Galenbidunuwawe
Polgahawela
Tangalle
Thirappane
Nochchiyagama
Palagala
Galnewa
Pathahewaheta
Beliatta
Kuliyapitiya East
Pannala
Ipalogama
Narammala
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Thambuttegama
Chilaw
Mawathagama
Ukuwela
Mihintale
Udubaddawa
Mallawapitiya
Weerambugedara
Kurunegala
Nuwaragam
Palatha East
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
94
67
Drinking Water
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Drinking Water Sector Vulnerability to Flood Exposure
The indicators used for the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index are:
The Sensitivity Index
The Adaptive Capacity Index
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 =R_PR[aNTR\S4_NZN;VYNQN_V1VcV`V\[`dVaU
more than 2 types of water sources
 =R_PR[aNTR\SU\b`RU\YQ`dVaU]_VZN_fdNaR_
source within premises
 6[PVQR[PR\SdNaR_O\_[RQV`RN`R
 =\]bYNaV\[QR[`Vaf
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 ]R_PR[aNTR\S]R\]YRNO\cRaURTY\ONYYf
accepted poverty line
 ]R_PR[aNTR\S]R\]YRdU\UNcRP\Z]YRaRQ
secondary education
Source of raw data: Population and Housing Census,2001
Some of the key findings include:
 Vulnerability is widespread, and is prevalent in many areas of the country.
 26 DSDs emerge as highly vulnerable to the impacts of floods. These DSDs have:
R
R
R
a population of 1.84 million.
412,886 housing units.
364,364 people below the poverty line.
 These highly vulnerable DSDs have
R
R
R
R
53.4% of the population depend on groundwater (i.e. 48% depend on either protected/
unprotected wells and 5% depend on tube wells)
only 33% of the population have access to pipe-borne water.
11% of households depend on rivers, streams, and tanks as their primary source of water.
only 42.8% of households have their primary source of water within their own premises.
 Elapaatha (Ratnapura District), Addalachchenai and Pottuvil (both in the Ampara District) emerge as
the 3 DSDs most vulnerable to floods in terms of the drinking water.
R
All 3 DSDs have limited access to pipe-borne water and rely heavily on groundwater and
people in Elapatha also rely significantly on other sources such as streams and rivers (on average
dependency on groundwater is 78.7%).
 All 3 of these DSDs show high incidence of water-borne diseases.
 Another 26 DSDs emerged as having moderate vulnerability of their drinking water to floods. They
have:
R
R
R
R
68
22.8% of households with access to pipe-borne water.
69.1% of households that use groundwater as their primary source of water.
6.8% of households that use water from rivers, streams, and other sources.
only 43.2% of their households with their primary source of water within their own premises.
69
Drinking Water
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Drinking Water Sector Vulnerability to Flood Exposure
High Vulnerability
Moderate Vulnerability
Rank District Name DSD Name
Low Vulnerability
Minimal Vulnerability
Physical Characteristics
Area
(Sq. km)a
Demographics
Total
Population
No. of
Urban
Rural
Estate
%
%
Populationb Density Households Population Population Population in Poverty Completed
b
b
b
b
c
(Per Sq. km)a
Secondary
Educationa
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Rathnapura
Ampara
Ampara
Colombo
Rathnapura
Rathnapura
Gampaha
Ampara
Ampara
Ampara
Rathnapura
Ampara
Ampara
Ampara
Polonnaruwa
Rathnapura
Ampara
Rathnapura
Ampara
Matara
Rathnapura
Puttalam
Badulla
Puttalam
Gampaha
Kalutara
Elapatha
Addalachchenai
Pothuvil
Colombo
Rathnapura
Ayagama
Katana
Sainthamarathu
Alayadiwembu
Lahugala
Kalawana
Akkaraipattu
Eragama
Thirukkovil
Dimbulagala
Nivithigala
Samanthurai
Kuruwita
Ninthavur
Mulatiyana
Pelmadulla
Mundalama
Ella
Kalpitiya
Wattala
Bulathsinhala
86.8547
56.9586
271.8310
17.8538
326.7894
157.6893
124.9577
3.0272
82.5912
923.3049
384.7488
60.4089
66.6480
187.0859
552.3964
157.9051
123.0101
174.6734
36.3016
119.4139
144.8430
241.4497
109.3657
158.7548
57.6911
209.4387
36322
36020
28480
380946
115223
28637
222683
24114
22627
7623
48669
34939
11344
23700
63349
59092
51510
85882
24625
46066
84966
56294
42894
81780
160127
59787
418
632
105
21337
353
182
1782
7966
274
8
126
578
170
127
115
374
419
492
678
386
587
233
392
515
2776
285
8828
7640
6693
70735
26549
7357
50765
5144
4956
1888
11905
7649
2632
5427
16757
13989
11729
20460
6235
11169
19906
13534
10775
18185
36368
15611
0
0
0
380946
45623
0
73318
24114
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
560
0
0
0
28740
0
34219
36020
28480
0
53219
25160
149365
0
22627
7623
44632
34939
11344
23700
63339
47942
51510
80326
24625
45501
73480
56294
29156
81627
131387
53331
2103
0
0
0
16381
3477
0
0
0
0
4037
0
0
0
10
11150
0
5556
0
565
10926
0
13738
153
0
6456
40.10
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
Gampaha
Kalutara
Rathnapura
Moneragala
Matara
Ampara
Galle
Ampara
Galle
Kalutara
Rathnapura
Hambantota
Hambantota
Ampara
Kalutara
Kurunegala
Kalutara
Galle
Matara
Polonnaruwa
Kegalle
Matara
Polonnaruwa
Colombo
Kalutara
Matale
Dompe
Palindanuwara
Kiriella
Bibila
Hakmana
Karativu
Neluwa
Ampara
Thawalama
Walallawita
Eheliyagoda
Suriyawewa
Ambalantota
Kalmunai
Mathugama
Rasnayakapura
Dodangoda
Nagoda
Malimbada
Lankapura
Dehiovita
Akuressa
Elahera
Kolonnawa
Beruwala
Dambulla
182.1586
283.2330
79.5653
483.5204
49.6219
8.9392
152.2868
139.2692
174.1470
213.2047
141.9292
189.7447
211.3413
19.6568
134.3624
125.8909
112.8241
174.6178
47.9781
200.7756
193.2396
148.6167
353.1772
26.0388
71.6785
455.1342
130021
45911
30881
35490
30201
16365
27501
38166
31803
50676
63870
35529
64361
70465
73269
18814
55052
52414
31524
33676
73991
49806
39908
161247
144733
60976
714
162
388
73
609
1831
181
274
183
238
450
187
305
3585
545
149
488
300
657
168
383
335
113
6193
2019
134
31962
11597
7666
8817
7190
3641
6445
8713
7710
12793
15566
9031
15334
15821
17604
5071
13646
13028
7577
8611
18460
11825
10446
35803
29635
15285
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
17957
0
0
0
0
0
70465
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
56396
33096
0
130021
40298
29748
34818
30201
16365
27251
20209
30789
47579
61593
35529
63426
0
66781
18678
47970
46707
31384
33676
62883
48508
39908
104851
111637
60959
0
5613
1133
672
0
0
250
0
1014
3097
2277
0
935
0
6488
136
7082
5707
140
0
11108
1298
0
0
0
17
21.10
30.70
25.60
26.00
32.00
29.40
23.00
21.20
28.70
24.30
14.54
29.30
21.90
18.45
8.20
22.10
19.90
31.48
22.88
26.58
17.05
29.15
28.99
16.54
30.45
19.99
25.28
26.60
17.37
21.36
28.44
28.65
20.46
27.42
23.04
31.38
19.42
24.21
24.28
17.46
35.95
28.20
23.88
65.9339
82.0638
30179
44476
458
542
7039
11035
0
0
29380
43110
799
1366
27.80
16.90
26.77
30.71
53 Matara
54 Kalutara
70
Athuraliya
Millaniya
12.10
21.90
33.70
7.70
36.40
22.59
32.80
28.90
30.90
30.20
41.08
28.04
45.34
6.10
27.40
33.40
29.50
31.40
26.90
34.80
33.30
22.39
17.64
13.45
32.53
30.01
21.37
41.14
21.81
22.67
15.57
23.93
26.00
13.35
20.88
18.60
17.57
20.13
23.57
22.78
21.41
26.35
14.73
21.90
13.63
40.21
22.09
Primary Water Source
DSD Name
Rank
Wellsb
Tubewellsb
Tapb
Otherb
Wells and
Taps within
Premisesb
Wells and
Taps outside
Premisesb
4766
7021
6295
3149
7822
1247
30278
5057
4746
1687
2616
7202
2055
5156
13521
3918
6607
12477
5725
8897
8230
10213
3162
13889
12026
12205
38
7
103
866
105
4
10703
11
12
107
27
1
36
2
700
45
313
75
25
250
131
1222
259
1747
3132
591
1083
32
26
63741
9603
2456
8072
15
19
18
2388
20
34
24
1138
3106
4016
2281
289
567
9247
223
5252
1103
20038
1328
2812
409
92
327
8461
3470
233
14
36
65
6539
278
447
60
1158
6769
403
5388
40
1361
1933
1575
1887
818
204
1215
1902
6033
3507
34959
7219
1212
27170
4607
3521
608
2098
6483
914
3736
1919
1851
5768
5870
5640
4048
5942
4952
2722
8347
20928
4863
2958
831
2555
31841
8969
1920
9747
444
1161
1004
1874
646
985
1277
7279
3261
4222
6363
330
2869
9334
4778
4725
5920
10959
5284
Elapatha
Addalachchenai
Pothuvil
Colombo
Rathnapura
Ayagama
Katana
Sainthamarathu
Alayadiwembu
Lahugala
Kalawana
Akkaraipattu
Eragama
Thirukkovil
Dimbulagala
Nivithigala
Samanthurai
Kuruwita
Ninthavur
Mulatiyana
Pelmadulla
Mundalama
Ella
Kalpitiya
Wattala
Bulathsinhala
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
29479
8042
4318
6388
6091
3319
3025
4240
3393
10777
9896
5948
8054
12931
15310
4623
12419
9850
6349
7164
9456
8333
6805
5570
16223
9777
207
60
13
479
146
7
28
61
77
142
79
406
1028
120
207
296
110
1034
120
813
77
107
2739
330
424
4429
1866
794
3031
810
876
226
936
3957
2078
724
2299
1448
5810
2179
1530
26
766
1089
974
236
3849
1461
470
29216
12226
685
169
2497
215
1054
34
57
2381
293
2060
902
3214
1111
354
249
253
45
216
868
70
290
4796
1743
304
128
205
230
20042
2611
3350
2200
3050
2887
1414
4340
2167
4725
4585
1848
5968
12489
7787
1330
5409
4168
4708
1629
4954
4516
1455
24703
14874
3639
7667
2654
3300
2916
2980
634
1508
2945
2103
3093
5449
3625
6238
2422
6293
3025
5503
3410
1912
2696
6220
3001
2720
9891
10492
4065
Dompe
Palindanuwara
Kiriella
Bibila
Hakmana
Karativu
Neluwa
Ampara
Thawalama
Walallawita
Eheliyagoda
Suriyawewa
Ambalantota
Kalmunai
Mathugama
Rasnayakapura
Dodangoda
Nagoda
Malimbada
Lankapura
Dehiovita
Akuressa
Elahera
Kolonnawa
Beruwala
Dambulla
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
5979
10469
48
122
549
267
440
50
3312
4693
1906
4602
Athuraliya
Millaniya
53
54
71
Drinking Water
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Rank District Name DSD Name
Physical Characteristics
Area
(Sq. km)a
Demographics
Total
Population
No. of
Urban
Rural
Estate
%
%
Populationb Density Households Population Population Population in Poverty Completed
b
b
b
b
c
(Per Sq. km)a
Secondary
Educationa
59890
640
14448
23533
36357
0
20.11
21.74
37347
625
9079
0
37347
0
24.90
31.28
48800
415
12669
0
48742
58
17.70
29.43
30909
607
7529
0
30909
0
27.20
30.07
62800
412
14981
10437
52363
0
27.10
30.04
33572
92
8619
0
33572
0
19.63
20.03
144274
3127
31915
121413
22861
0
7.10
30.04
71091
398
15898
41761
29330
0
25.08
21.59
33962
378
8423
0
32768
1194
26.40
33.03
60982
78
14829
0
60486
496
32.20
22.31
29750
473
7552
0
27129
2621
18.60
34.30
57899
102
15189
0
57899
0
13.37
14.73
36524
328
9448
0
36524
0
19.05
22.52
26599
484
6622
0
25059
1540
25.50
23.29
134364
6127
30272
29820
104544
0
6.90
41.85
45726
486
11314
0
43590
2136
17.40
26.56
68634
600
16761
0
66249
2385
21.70
30.17
161300
2676
36655
0
161300
0
11.30
41.68
60292
399
15049
0
58153
2139
22.70
26.49
86886
1513
20579
0
86886
0
8.20
37.31
74224
159
17920
0
73956
268
14.15
28.23
171040
1886
41357
9284
161756
0
9.90
43.27
70817
1730
18180
0
70487
330
14.88
25.79
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
Puttalam
Matara
Kurunegala
Matara
Hambantota
Anuradhapura
Gampaha
Puttalam
Kalutara
Hambantota
Kalutara
Polonnaruwa
Anuradhapura
Galle
Gampaha
Kalutara
Galle
Gampaha
Galle
Kalutara
Polonnaruwa
Gampaha
Puttalam
Chilaw
Kaburupitiya
Udubaddawa
Thihagoda
Tangalle
Kahatagasdigiliya
Negombo
Puttalam
Agalawatta
Tissamaharama
Madurawala
Medirigiriya
Thambuttegama
Welivitiya-Divithura
Kelaniya
Ingiriya
Baddegama
Biyagama
Elpitiya
Bandaragama
Thamankaduwa
Gampaha
Wennappuwa
93.6034
59.7187
117.5985
50.9425
152.5016
366.6055
46.1424
178.4049
89.7814
783.8008
62.9158
570.3679
111.4855
54.9823
21.9313
94.0498
114.4507
60.2668
151.2593
57.4085
465.7376
90.6959
40.9400
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
Gampaha
Gampaha
Colombo
Puttalam
Kalutara
Gampaha
Puttalam
Matara
Colombo
Colombo
Kalutara
Gampaha
Colombo
Kalutara
Colombo
Colombo
Attanagalla
Ja-Ela
Hanwella
Mahawewa
Kaluthara
Minuwangoda
Nattandiya
Matara
Moratuwa
Kaduwela
Panadura
Mahara
Thimbirigasyaya
Horana
Rathmalana
Sri Jayawardanapura
Kotte
154.3057
61.4202
145.8825
75.3055
77.6779
133.2225
75.3430
56.1514
19.2051
87.7537
45.0310
94.2988
22.3754
112.7795
13.1472
154967
184666
94001
48861
141829
151661
57686
108238
177563
209251
163492
176870
266154
90690
108716
1004
3007
644
649
1826
1138
766
1928
9246
2385
3631
1876
11895
804
8269
36838
42975
22689
12600
31857
37683
14528
23705
41282
48849
37245
41639
52397
22048
25013
0
30791
21601
0
37451
7567
0
42663
177563
0
33514
0
266154
9127
108716
154821
153875
66446
48405
104378
144084
57535
65575
0
209251
129978
176870
0
80042
0
146
0
5954
456
0
10
151
0
0
0
0
0
0
1521
0
15.40
7.80
14.20
14.78
12.50
12.50
15.54
16.90
10.30
6.00
7.40
12.10
4.40
8.40
4.20
39.55
44.60
34.61
26.88
38.35
38.36
28.96
42.45
40.58
48.78
40.07
37.86
49.35
42.98
47.88
16.5150
116366
7046
25822
116366
0
0
2.70
55.07
72
Primary Water Source
Wellsb
Tubewellsb
Tapb
Otherb
DSD Name
Wells and
Taps within
Premisesb
Wells and
Taps outside
Premisesb
Rank
7886
7589
12003
6934
5415
7019
6093
8081
7080
6098
6898
12514
7543
5618
7662
8991
14421
26312
13247
18890
10813
37241
10883
774
141
332
110
455
814
3984
1443
104
1071
66
1300
764
634
448
242
1082
554
428
206
1569
511
4615
5331
1143
168
379
8699
638
20986
5207
495
7108
367
889
892
216
21468
1488
901
8795
890
1119
4895
3182
2255
357
145
70
35
326
61
325
681
636
394
148
319
130
108
66
477
192
95
337
81
338
107
128
7252
5278
7019
4471
6255
2621
16316
5780
2879
6400
3520
2420
2368
2606
19776
4730
7821
24415
6450
13324
7534
30472
9146
5801
2278
2997
2045
7096
4359
10694
7182
2820
6309
2882
4231
4533
1689
9125
4408
4933
9589
4282
5588
5013
7811
3400
Chilaw
Kaburupitiya
Udubaddawa
Thihagoda
Tangalle
Kahatagasdigiliya
Negombo
Puttalam
Agalawatta
Tissamaharama
Madurawala
Medirigiriya
Thambuttegama
Welivitiya-Divithura
Kelaniya
Ingiriya
Baddegama
Biyagama
Elpitiya
Bandaragama
Thamankaduwa
Gampaha
Wennappuwa
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
32115
31686
17734
8605
19067
33791
10640
7067
1858
30566
21028
31335
1184
18724
1440
1799
169
4141
110
2169
2519
685
2757
112
775
345
2021
291
616
458
50
71
3946
5452
3520
1511
9515
2561
841
16139
37862
16916
13401
9266
48175
2475
22901
23286
160
289
1134
148
259
161
138
157
88
101
153
163
246
131
80
76
24539
27693
11216
6219
17472
26684
8124
17355
29404
33113
23432
29439
29446
13333
20045
20698
8332
8737
7891
3670
9734
6228
2741
5176
10214
13140
10382
9005
19860
6113
4265
4296
Attanagalla
Ja-Ela
Hanwella
Mahawewa
Kaluthara
Minuwangoda
Nattandiya
Matara
Moratuwa
Kaduwela
Panadura
Mahara
Thimbirigasyaya
Horana
Rathmalana
Sri Jayawardanapura
Kotte
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
73
Drinking Water
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Drinking Water Sector Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise Exposure
The indicators used for the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index are:
The Sensitivity Index
The Adaptive Capacity
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 =R_PR[aNTR\SGrama Niladari1VcV`V\[`dVaU
more than 2 types of water sources
 =R_PR[aNTR\SU\b`RU\YQ`dVaU]_VZN_fdNaR_
source within premises
 6[PVQR[PR\SdNaR_O\_[RQV`RN`R
 =\]bYNaV\[QR[`Vaf
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 ]R_PR[aNTR\S]R\]YRNO\cRaURTY\ONYYfNPPR]aRQ
poverty line
 ]R_PR[aNTR\S]R\]YRdU\UNcRP\Z]YRaRQ
secondary education
Source of raw data: Population and Housing Census, 2001
Some of the key findings include:
 The drinking water in the north-west and the southern regions emerge as the most vulnerable to sea
level rise in the current analysis.
 Kalpitiya DSD in the Puttalam District displays the highest vulnerability. It has:
R
R
A population of 81,780 of which 44.3% of persons are below the poverty line.
A high dependence of 86% on various forms of groundwater as their primary source of water.
 Drinking water in a further 17 DSDs showed moderate vulnerability to sea level rise. They had:
R
R
a total population of 1,304,608.
54% household dependency on groundwater.
 4 of the 17 moderately vulnerable DSDs with the highest incidence of water-borne disease, such as
dysentery, are in the Ampara District where education levels are also relatively low.
 It is suspected that vulnerability will be high in the northern and eastern provinces, due to high levels
of exposure to sea level rise, but adequate and comparable data sets were not available to perform
vulnerability analysis, so that these areas are not included in this analysis.
74
75
Drinking Water
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Drinking Water Sector Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise Exposure
High Vulnerability
Moderate Vulnerability
Rank District Name DSD Name
Low Vulnerability
Minimal Vulnerability
Physical Characteristics
Area
(Sq. km)a
Demographics
Total
Population
No. of
Urban
Rural
Estate
%
%
Populationb Density Households Population Population Population in Poverty Completed
b
b
b
b
c
(Per Sq. km)a
Secondary
Educationa
1
Puttalam
Kalpitiya
158.7548
81780
515
18185
0
81627
153
45.34
13.63
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Puttalam
Ampara
Colombo
Ampara
Galle
Ampara
Hambantota
Matara
Ampara
Hambantota
Puttalam
Matara
Kalutara
Puttalam
Galle
Galle
Matara
Mundalama
Akkaraipattu
Colombo
Karativu
Habaraduwa
Kalmunai
Hambantota
Weligama
Ninthavur
Ambalantota
Puttalam
Malimbada
Beruwala
Arachchikattuwa
Hikkaduwa
Karandeniya
Devinuwara
241.4497
60.4089
17.8538
8.9392
49.5183
19.6568
338.9857
43.1469
36.3016
211.3413
178.4049
47.9781
71.6785
162.6380
66.0971
88.0055
37.6183
56294
34939
380946
16365
59041
70465
46757
66459
24625
64361
71091
31524
144733
38092
98589
56128
44199
233
578
21337
1831
1192
3585
138
1540
678
305
398
657
2019
234
1492
638
1175
13534
7649
70735
3641
13567
15821
10945
14825
6235
15334
15898
7577
29635
9912
22820
14913
9988
0
0
380946
0
0
70465
11134
21698
0
0
41761
0
33096
0
0
0
0
56294
34939
0
16365
59041
0
35623
44761
24625
63426
29330
31384
111637
37402
98539
56128
44199
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
935
0
140
0
690
50
0
0
41.08
33.30
25.08
24.30
22.10
21.82
24.90
21.90
20.90
14.73
26.00
32.53
28.99
29.53
28.44
23.32
30.48
22.78
21.36
21.59
31.38
28.20
16.64
33.61
20.63
26.80
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
Matara
Galle
Hambantota
Galle
Galle
Gampaha
Galle
Galle
Matara
Colombo
Galle
Thihagoda
Galle Four Gravets
Tangalle
Akmeemana
Balapitiya
Negombo
Bentota
Ambalangoda
Dickwella
Moratuwa
Bope-Poddala
50.9425
23.7565
152.5016
65.4509
54.5727
46.1424
72.3358
70.2467
50.9687
19.2051
29.1730
30909
103246
62800
63881
65346
144274
46442
71047
51314
177563
41612
607
4346
412
976
1197
3127
642
1011
1007
9246
1426
7529
19425
14981
15110
15054
31915
11015
17122
11592
41282
9732
0
90270
10437
0
0
121413
0
39302
0
177563
0
30909
12976
52363
63239
65346
22861
46442
51396
51314
0
41461
0
0
0
642
0
0
0
0
0
0
151
27.20
19.30
27.10
22.00
22.00
7.10
22.30
20.30
22.70
10.30
18.10
30.07
39.96
30.04
32.21
27.89
30.04
31.14
32.73
31.87
40.58
42.27
30
31
32
33
34
35
Kalutara
Matara
Kalutara
Colombo
Gampaha
Colombo
Kaluthara
Matara
Panadura
Thimbirigasyaya
Wattala
Rathmalana
77.6779
56.1514
45.0310
22.3754
57.6911
13.1472
141829
108238
163492
266154
160127
108716
1826
1928
3631
11895
2776
8269
31857
23705
37245
52397
36368
25013
37451
42663
33514
266154
28740
108716
104378
65575
129978
0
131387
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12.50
16.90
7.40
4.40
6.10
4.20
38.35
42.45
40.07
49.35
40.21
47.88
76
12.10
28.70
31.30
21.50
Primary Water Source
Wellsb
Tubewellsb
Tapb
Otherb
DSD Name
Wells and
Taps within
Premisesb
Rank
Wells and
Taps outside
Premisesb
13889
1747
1103
818
8347
5920
Kalpitiya
1
10213
7202
3149
3319
12052
12931
3016
8555
5725
8054
8081
6349
16223
7358
14516
13931
4590
1222
1
866
7
80
120
78
73
25
1028
1443
120
424
987
443
220
42
223
20
63741
226
1133
2179
7370
5912
289
5810
5207
974
12226
758
7334
453
5131
1575
278
327
57
170
249
378
113
40
354
681
70
205
700
146
173
134
4952
6483
34959
2887
5054
12489
5482
8209
5640
5968
5780
4708
14874
3545
9808
7386
6975
4778
646
31841
634
7065
2422
4664
5179
330
6238
7182
1912
10492
4458
10947
3509
2210
Mundalama
Akkaraipattu
Colombo
Karativu
Habaraduwa
Kalmunai
Hambantota
Weligama
Ninthavur
Ambalantota
Puttalam
Malimbada
Beruwala
Arachchikattuwa
Hikkaduwa
Karandeniya
Devinuwara
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
6934
4532
5415
13500
9913
6093
9020
12497
4910
1858
7482
110
137
455
184
111
3984
105
260
54
775
283
379
14326
8699
1123
4646
20986
1781
4158
6442
37862
1872
35
70
326
156
102
325
27
56
85
88
19
4471
12932
6255
7642
8013
16316
5173
9707
7502
29404
5212
2045
5653
7096
4956
5601
10694
3944
5340
3365
10214
3449
Thihagoda
Galle Four Gravets
Tangalle
Akmeemana
Balapitiya
Negombo
Bentota
Ambalangoda
Dickwella
Moratuwa
Bope-Poddala
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
19067
7067
21028
1184
12026
1440
2519
112
2021
616
3132
50
9515
16139
13401
48175
20038
22901
259
157
153
246
204
80
17472
17355
23432
29446
20928
20045
9734
5176
10382
19860
10959
4265
Kaluthara
Matara
Panadura
Thimbirigasyaya
Wattala
Rathmalana
30
31
32
33
34
35
77
Drinking Water
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
78
Irrigation Water
Sri Lanka’s inland waters are the most important supply of water for agriculture where irrigation waters
are vital for enhancing productivity of the sector. Agriculture and food production contributes about
16% to the national economy. Agriculture in the Wet Zone is mainly rain-fed, due to the considerable
reliability and intensity of rainfall regimes in this region and conversely, in the Dry and Intermediate
Zones where rainfall is limited, water collected in numerous surface reservoirs is the vital source of water,
which supplements water received from the north-east monsoon and inter-monsoonal rains.
The implications of changes in rainfall patterns are numerous, including possible shifts in the
demarcation between the Dry and Wet Zones with a reduction in the latter. High intensity rainfall
often leads to significant erosion and runoff reducing retention and re-charge as well as creating higher
probability of landslides especially in the hills. Unusual flash floods can also damage headworks of
irrigation schemes and canal structures which can hinder a reliable water supply.
Reduced rainfall on the other hand can affect seasonal flows of the rivers that originate and flow entirely
in the Dry Zone. Prolonged droughts will exacerbate already existing water deficiency issues in these
areas. This will, in turn, affect food production significantly as 70% of paddy grown in the country is
in the Dry Zone, relying on irrigation. Lowered water levels during low rainfall periods will also have
implications on power production as well as water availability for multiple uses in both the Wet and
the Dry Zones. The main issue associated with sea level rise is saline intrusion into freshwater bodies
especially along the Southern and Eastern coasts of the country. Reduction of river water flows can
increase the risk of saltwater intrusion.
The impacts of temperature increase on water availability include increased rates of evaporation and
evapo-transpiration. Thus, during drought periods water availability for irrigation will be affected due to
high evaporation rates – this is especially true for the Dry Zone tanks and rivers. Increased evaporation
and transpiration can also reduce soil moisture, stream flow and groundwater re-charge, thus reducing
water available for food production, and increasing the irrigation requirement. Salinization of soil
is another potential risk where intensified evaporation coupled with less rain leads to increased salt
accumulation in the soil.
79
Irrigation Water
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Irrigation Sector Vulnerability to Drought Exposure
The indicators used for the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index are:
The Sensitivity Index
The Adaptive Capacity Index
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 [bZOR_\SaN[X`
 N_RN\SaN[X`
 a\aNY]\]bYNaV\[QR[`Vaf
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 ]R_PR[aNTR\S]R\]YRNO\cRaUR]\cR_afYV[R
 ]R_PR[aNTR\S]R\]YRdU\UNcRP\Z]YRaRQ`RP\[QN_f
RQbPNaV\[
 ]R_PR[aNTR[\[NT_VPbYab_NYRZ]Y\fZR[a
Sources of raw data: Survey Department 1:50,000 topographic maps, Population and Housing Census, 2001
Some of the key findings include:
 Vulnerability of irrigation to expected increases in drought are widespread in the island, but more
concentrated in the Dry Zone where there is high dependency on irrigation for agriculture.
 9 DS Divisions (DSDs) appear to be highly vulnerable in this regard. These DSDs have:
R 2,375 tanks covering a total area of 240 km2.
R a total population of 448,440 people, of whom nearly 25% are below the poverty line
R about 97,570 people engaged in jobs related to agriculture.
 The 3 most vulnerable DSDs are Thanamalwila, (Moneragala District), Anamaduwa (Puttalam
District) and Horowpothana (Anuradhapura District).
R
Historically, the population in these three DSDs are highly vulnerable due to high poverty levels
and high exposure to drought. The dependency on agriculture in these DSDs ranges from 28%
to 24% of the population.
R Thanamalwila alone has 464 tanks (the second highest number in the nation per DSD) covering
27.6 km2.
 A further 18 DSDs are in the moderately vulnerable category. They have:
R
R
80
a total population of 789,115 people.
145,880 people with agriculture-based jobs.
81
Irrigation
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Irrigation Sector Vulnerability to Drought Exposure
High Vulnerability
Moderate Vulnerability
Rank District Name DSD Name
Low Vulnerability
Minimal Vulnerability
Physical Characteristics
Area
(Sq. km)a
Demographics
Total
Population
No. of
Urban
Rural
Estate
%
%
Populationb Density Households Population Population Population in Poverty Completed
b
b
b
b
c
(Per Sq. km)a
Secondary
Educationa
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Moneragala
Puttalam
Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura
Kurunegala
Polonnaruwa
Hambantota
Rathnapura
Anuradhapura
Thanamalwila
Anamaduwa
Horowpothana
Nochchiyagama
Polpithigama
Medirigiriya
Suriyawewa
Embilipitiya
Medawachchiya
661.4470
259.0095
845.8179
843.5736
417.5552
570.3679
189.7447
383.4799
492.1070
23172
33302
29642
41601
67263
57899
35529
119563
40469
35
129
35
49
161
102
187
312
82
5893
9039
7578
11239
18926
15189
9031
29126
10338
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23172
33302
29642
41601
67263
57899
35529
119490
40469
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
73
0
35.80
16.77
24.95
16.98
30.00
13.37
34.80
31.60
21.34
14.18
22.53
14.78
19.61
18.13
14.73
17.37
21.16
24.09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Hambantota
Anuradhapura
Kurunegala
Moneragala
Hambantota
Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura
Kurunegala
Badulla
Puttalam
Hambantota
Anuradhapura
Kurunegala
Hambantota
Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura
64361
33572
69888
47438
60982
31604
21146
50576
45759
20225
42426
40888
47844
25226
19457
305
92
323
45
78
104
87
194
104
40
244
142
175
84
32
15334
8619
18130
10808
14829
8230
5452
13674
10681
5550
10394
10454
12759
6922
4903
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
63426
33572
69888
47438
60486
31592
21146
50576
45582
20225
42426
40888
47844
25226
19457
935
0
0
0
496
12
0
0
177
0
0
0
0
0
0
33.30
19.63
18.90
51.80
32.20
20.57
34.33
20.90
51.15
23.77
33.00
18.56
25.70
33.50
27.74
21.36
20.03
28.69
13.52
22.31
19.54
14.43
21.83
14.89
14.80
16.83
21.42
22.00
17.85
18.03
26 Badulla
27 Hambantota
Ambalantota
211.3413
Kahatagasdigiliya
366.6055
Panduwasnuwara
216.0387
Siyambalanduwa 1065.6754
Tissamaharama
783.8008
Rambewa
303.6555
Padaviya
242.5157
Mahawa
260.6953
Rideemaliyadda
438.2808
Karuwalagaswewa 503.9380
Angunukolapeles
174.0781
Galenbidunuwawe 288.1528
Galgamuwa
273.2962
Lunugamvehera
300.3473
Kebithigollewa
611.9821
Nuwaragam
Palatha Central
389.4952
Mahiyanganaya
598.4674
Hambantota
338.9857
53665
67301
46757
138
112
138
13055
16499
10945
11598
0
11134
42067
67301
35623
0 20.1420.32
0
38.57
0
31.30
20.02
23.32
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
Puttalam
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Moneragala
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Badulla
Kurunegala
Moneragala
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Puttalam
Arachchikattuwa
Kuliyapitiya West
Giribawa
Wellawaya
Kotawehera
Thalawa
Maha Vilachchiya
Wariyapola
Palagala
Kandaketiya
Kobeigane
Buttala
Ibbagamuwa
Ganewatta
Nikaweratiya
Thirappane
Nawagattegama
38092
71483
28093
50768
19273
50919
18557
56880
29837
22494
32230
47324
76344
36812
36370
23378
12956
234
436
136
87
106
231
30
282
131
147
246
64
348
250
239
84
75
9912
18666
7831
12698
5323
13375
4630
15207
8196
5425
8581
11843
19589
9830
9549
6143
3519
0
6290
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
37402
65102
28093
50768
19273
50919
18557
56832
29837
21428
32230
47324
75913
36770
36370
23378
12956
690
91
0
0
0
0
0
48
0
1066
0
0
431
42
0
0
0
21.82
16.62
24.00
24.90
21.70
19.44
31.16
18.90
23.83
46.10
19.10
21.20
24.30
23.20
19.40
18.59
26.44
16.64
32.77
19.56
17.79
26.07
22.25
17.85
29.42
21.98
14.56
24.70
22.01
26.50
22.57
24.93
23.27
13.19
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
Puttalam
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Badulla
Matale
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Mahakumbukkadawala175.8432
Bingiriya
195.2943
Ambanpola
142.5265
Galnewa
140.2283
Haldummulla
414.9996
Laggala-Pallegama 373.8370
Rasnayakapura
125.8909
Mihintale
234.9169
16905
55763
19964
30344
38223
12399
18814
26786
96
286
140
216
92
33
149
114
4686
15223
5488
8165
9855
3305
5071
6657
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1523
16905
55613
19964
30344
23207
12055
18678
25263
0
150
0
0
15016
344
136
0
28.65
16.80
23.10
18.46
31.65
34.60
23.00
18.97
15.18
24.53
23.46
20.55
18.09
19.05
20.46
29.03
82
162.6380
163.9366
207.1489
585.9537
182.1192
220.5999
624.8276
201.7589
226.9676
152.6207
130.8780
735.5660
219.4878
147.1195
152.4124
278.9562
171.9949
Sector Specific Data
Area of
Tanks
(Sq. km)a
Agriculture
Employmentb
DSD Name
% Agri.
Employmenta
Rank
No of
Tanksa
Irrigation
Paddy
Area
(Acres)g
Rainfed
Paddy
Area
(Acres)g
HH with Agri.
as Primary
Source of
Incomed and a
27.61
16.62
49.61
50.26
12.57
33.41
6.39
5.95
37.35
464
303
383
401
316
70
95
18
325
5085
8414
14587
13470
12276
22062
7875
3163
13929
146
180
3452
0
4804
1947
47
119
722
6399
5029
7078
11806
16728
15957
9155
18476
6942
71.65
42.23
67.17
65.34
63.17
63.87
66.46
44.61
45.31
90.47
53.90
66.38
61.10
64.82
65.74
91.26
59.45
56.96
Thanamalwila
Anamaduwa
Horowpothana
Nochchiyagama
Polpithigama
Medirigiriya
Suriyawewa
Embilipitiya
Medawachchiya
11.43
36.93
11.83
13.11
30.41
25.84
31.71
14.13
6.27
20.01
4.00
30.76
25.02
10.35
26.75
32.23
49
263
457
80
139
189
45
476
37
170
99
175
180
118
277
196
9719
13344
8560
5533
11893
13843
8189
8476
8604
7075
14498
14527
8943
11278
10672
10808
0
1433
1139
4438
79
946
578
3210
3306
86
40
744
1038
20
383
40
8618
7335
8305
12160
7508
5825
3504
9748
14647
4418
8646
12235
7860
4659
4377
6161
42.08
61.07
34.17
71.93
38.82
54.27
52.30
48.32
75.27
53.91
62.15
71.60
48.13
56.17
56.58
30.23
65.72
65.34
49.50
72.51
75.66
60.45
72.81
45.30
73.06
57.82
65.13
67.98
61.39
72.23
70.38
50.32
16.88
13.27
57
115
17698
18184
3230
0
15925
3949
60.46
26.25
73.06
65.72
Ambalantota
Kahatagasdigiliya
Panduwasnuwara
Siyambalanduwa
Tissamaharama
Rambewa
Padaviya
Mahawa
Rideemaliyadda
Karuwalagaswewa
Angunukolapeles
Galenbidunuwawe
Galgamuwa
Lunugamvehera
Kebithigollewa
Nuwaragam Palatha
Central
Mahiyanganaya
Hambantota
25
26
27
9.68
2.36
17.17
13.64
11.15
18.73
23.60
8.21
14.97
0.19
5.94
17.88
7.38
2.81
11.00
24.32
6.11
41
76
122
129
270
106
129
352
90
6
221
182
111
130
200
167
93
2916
2676
9098
4085
5671
12533
5303
5678
10719
3558
3324
7996
6395
4742
7683
6818
5036
801
2696
111
20
1124
35
47
2580
633
84
722
516
3333
1273
620
544
25
2954
5408
7598
11478
5077
12371
4617
7233
8831
6095
4575
9228
11965
5631
5508
5981
3347
23.69
22.19
67.89
59.13
64.23
61.56
61.54
35.08
72.81
72.27
40.87
55.00
41.49
42.10
41.48
60.77
66.19
36.39
39.13
82.07
69.07
51.27
68.55
63.99
42.13
75.20
88.42
51.98
70.86
48.68
49.57
51.05
60.37
76.12
Arachchikattuwa
Kuliyapitiya West
Giribawa
Wellawaya
Kotawehera
Thalawa
Maha Vilachchiya
Wariyapola
Palagala
Kandaketiya
Kobeigane
Buttala
Ibbagamuwa
Ganewatta
Nikaweratiya
Thirappane
Nawagattegama
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
11.67
5.79
8.54
7.64
1.33
0.20
5.52
28.40
95
164
200
56
28
5
112
151
4166
3269
5063
12756
2073
2916
3684
4910
351
2493
591
10
0
171
840
213
1846
5029
3979
7530
8982
3708
3416
3483
34.49
27.37
52.47
61.92
61.86
66.71
53.49
38.67
48.68
38.13
59.67
61.35
56.56
64.89
53.26
52.67
Mahakumbukkadawala
Bingiriya
Ambanpola
Galnewa
Haldummulla
Laggala-Pallegama
Rasnayakapura
Mihintale
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
83
Irrigation
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Rank District Name
DSD Name
Physical Characteristics
Area
(Sq. km)a
53
54
55
56
57
58
Hambantota
Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura
Hambantota
Kurunegala
Hambantota
84
Weeraketiya
Ipalogama
Thambuttegama
Tangalle
Rideegama
Beliatta
115.4094
142.4270
111.4855
152.5016
222.5431
102.5034
Demographics
Total
Population
No. of
Urban
Rural
Estate
%
%
Populationb Density Households Population Population Population in Poverty Completed
b
b
b
b
c
(Per Sq. km)a
Secondary
Educationa
37401
32933
36524
62800
80473
52283
324
231
328
412
362
510
9208
8730
9448
14981
21118
12630
0
0
0
10437
0
0
55459
31992
36524
52363
78808
52283
0
941
0
0
1665
0
32.50
17.41
19.05
27.10
32.76
28.30
21.20
25.86
22.52
30.04
26.28
36.26
Area of
Tanks
(Sq. km)a
3.75
9.37
5.54
2.92
0.48
0.75
No of
Tanksa
63
69
41
90
23
33
Sector Specific Data
Irrigation
Rainfed
Agriculture
Paddy
Paddy
Employmentb
Area
Area
(Acres)g
(Acres)g
4001
8584
7687
4547
2844
2409
82
215
0
7
4386
1117
4818
6284
9073
4235
8311
2703
DSD Name
% Agri.
Employmenta
42.74
52.10
58.46
21.52
31.92
19.03
Rank
HH with Agri.
as Primary
Source of
Incomed and a
61.13
56.24
75.39
45.96
46.08
50.75
Weeraketiya
Ipalogama
Thambuttegama
Tangalle
Rideegama
Beliatta
53
54
55
56
57
58
85
Irrigation
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
86
Agriculture and Fisheries
Agriculture and livestock are important sectors for the national development of Sri Lanka. The
government developmental policies envisage an agricultural renaissance, with special attention on the
paddy farmer. The aim is to achieve self sufficiency in food crops and milk for the people, and also to
generate agricultural crops and livestock for the export market. The fishery sector on the other hand,
earns valuable foreign exchange through the export of marine and aquaculture products, and provides
direct employment to 208,731 people island wide, while sustaining over 2.5 million people. The fishery
sector is important as a livelihood source as well as a source of protein for the people of Sri Lanka.
Paddy
The gross total extent of paddy land cultivation in 2009 was approximately 980,000 ha for the whole
country during both Yala and Maha seasons. Sri Lanka’s paddy fields are both rainfed and irrigated where
paddies in the Dry Zone are rain-fed from the North-East monsoon during the Maha season and irrigated
in the Yala season. Paddy fields in the Wet Zone are mostly rainfed. The national paddy production
is currently adequate to satisfy the country’s domestic requirements. However, a reduction in the
production in of rice (by 5.8%) was observed in 2009 compared to the highest ever production of 3.87
million MT in 2008. This was mainly due to insufficient water for cultivation during the Yala season due
to delayed monsoon rains. There is already recognition that the country needs to adapt or prepare itself
for the implications of future climate change. Very high genetic variation among indigenous rice varieties
is an indicator of excellent potential for varietal improvement for adaptation. The need for development
of different age groups of paddy (short term and long term varieties) to suit unpredictable rainfall regimes
is also recognized by the Department of Agriculture. Already several New Improved Varieties with
varying yield times have been developed. Overall, the extent of paddy lands has increased since the
establishment of peace, due to the re-use of a large extent of abandoned paddy lands in the Northern and
Eastern Provinces.
Saline intrusion due to sea level rise and storm surges are bound to exacerbate with lowered river flows
during drought which are expected to increase with climate change. In coastal areas, surface and
groundwater will be affected, restricting freshwater availability for farming communities and agricultural
activities leading to reduced agricultural productivity. Salt water intrusion may be felt up to considerable
distances inland along rivers discharging to the sea, and could degrade arable coastal land, particularly
paddy fields, causing them to be abandoned. Paddy lands in Kalutara, Batticaloa and the northern
peninsula are expected to be most at risk.
The higher variability of rainfall due to climate change will adversely affect some agro-ecological regions,
and hence affect rice production – especially rainfed paddy comprising over 30% of all rice paddies in
the country. The Dry Zone, where nearly 70% of the paddy is cultivated in Sri Lanka, is already showing
an increasing number of consecutive dry days due to rainfall variability. Further incidences of drought
and variability in rainfall is bound to adversely affect paddy yields. This may cause serious socioeconomic impacts and imperil the future food security of the country. Similarly, high intensity rainfall and
prolonged floods can also cause destruction to paddy.
87
Agriculture and Fisheries
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Paddy Sector Vulnerability to Drought Exposure
The indicators used for the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index are:
The Sensitivity Index
The Adaptive Capacity Index
Data (at DSD level) on:
 ._RN\S]NQQfPbYaVcNaV\[.`cRQQbZVgRQ]NQQf
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 =R_PR[aNTR\S]R\]YRRZ]Y\fRQV[NT_VPbYab_RdVaU
education below O/L
 =R_PR[aNTR\SYN[QYR``]NQQfSN_ZR_`
 =R_PR[aNTRNT_VPbYab_R`UN_RV[V[P\ZRNZ\[TaU\`R
employed in agriculture)
 =R_PR[aNTR\S]NQQfYN[Q[\aSRQOfZNW\_V__VTNaV\[
Raw data sources: Census of Agriculture 2002, Department of Census and Statistics
Some of the key findings include:
 Vulnerability to the increase in droughts expected due to climate change is widespread throughout
the country and is concentrated in the Dry and Intermediate Zones.
 16 DSDs emerge as highly vulnerable to drought exposure. These DSDs have:
R
R
R
100,317 households with agriculture as primary source of income.
400,973 ac of agricultural lands of which 176,852 ac (44.1%) are cultivated with paddy.
3153 tanks covering a total area of 88,395 ac.
 Anamaduwa (Puttalam District), Ambalantota (Hambantota District), and Polpithigama (Kurunegala
District) emerge as the DSDs most vulnerable.
R
In these DSDs farmers, on average, earn 63% of their income from agriculture.
 A further 23 DSDs emerge as moderately vulnerable to drought exposure. These DSDs have:
R
R
R
88
195,573 agricultural operators.
174,839 ac of paddy lands.
3,901 tanks covering a total area of 80,675 ac.
89
Paddy
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Paddy Sector Vulnerability to Drought Exposure
High Vulnerability
Moderate Vulnerability
Rank District Name DSD Name
Low Vulnerability
Minimal Vulnerability
Physical Characteristics
Area
(Sq. km)a
Demographics
Total
Population
No. of
Urban
Rural
Estate
%
%
Populationb Density Households Population Population Population in Poverty Completed
b
b
b
b
c
(Per Sq. km)a
Secondary
Educationa
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Puttalam
Hambantota
Kurunegala
Rathnapura
Polonnaruwa
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Batticaloa
Hambantota
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura
Hambantota
Anuradhapura
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Anamaduwa
Ambalantota
Polpithigama
Embilipitiya
Medirigiriya
Kuliyapitiya West
Thalawa
Eravur Pattu
Suriyawewa
Panduwasnuwara
Nochchiyagama
Horowpothana
Tissamaharama
Medawachchiya
Galgamuwa
Rambewa
259.0095
211.3413
417.5552
383.4799
570.3679
163.9366
220.5999
612.3070
189.7447
216.0387
843.5736
845.8179
783.8008
492.1070
273.2962
303.6555
33302
64361
67263
119563
57899
71483
50919
129
305
161
312
102
436
231
9039
15334
18926
29126
15189
18666
13375
0
0
0
0
0
6290
0
33302
63426
67263
119490
57899
65102
50919
0
935
0
73
0
91
0
16.77
33.30
30.00
31.60
13.37
16.62
19.44
22.53
21.36
18.13
21.16
14.73
32.77
22.25
35529
69888
41601
29642
60982
40469
47844
31604
187
323
49
35
78
82
175
104
9031
18130
11239
7578
14829
10338
12759
8230
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
35529
69888
41601
29642
60486
40469
47844
31592
0
0
0
0
496
0
0
12
34.80
18.90
16.98
24.95
32.20
21.34
25.70
20.57
17.37
28.69
19.61
14.78
22.31
24.09
22.00
19.54
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
Badulla
Hambantota
Moneragala
Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Kurunegala
Badulla
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Kilinochchi
Puttalam
Puttalam
Kilinochchi
Anuradhapura
67301
42426
47438
40888
33572
56880
30344
76344
50576
36370
32230
29837
28093
45759
55763
19273
112
244
45
142
92
282
216
348
194
239
246
131
136
104
286
106
16499
10394
10808
10454
8619
15207
8165
19589
13674
9549
8581
8196
7831
10681
15223
5323
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
67301
42426
47438
40888
33572
56832
30344
75913
50576
36370
32230
29837
28093
45582
55613
19273
0
0
0
0
0
48
0
431
0
0
0
0
0
177
150
0
38.57
33.00
51.80
18.56
19.63
18.90
18.46
24.30
20.90
19.40
19.10
23.83
24.00
51.15
16.80
21.70
20.02
16.83
13.52
21.42
20.03
29.42
20.55
26.50
21.83
24.93
24.70
21.98
19.56
14.89
24.53
26.07
38092
20225
234
40
9912
5550
0
0
37402
20225
690
0
21.82
23.77
16.64
14.80
38 Kurunegala
39 Moneragala
Mahiyanganaya
598.4674
Angunukolapeles
174.0781
Siyambalanduwa 1065.6754
Galenbidunuwawe 288.1528
Kahatagasdigiliya
366.6055
Wariyapola
201.7589
Galnewa
140.2283
Ibbagamuwa
219.4878
Mahawa
260.6953
Nikaweratiya
152.4124
Kobeigane
130.8780
Palagala
226.9676
Giribawa
207.1489
Rideemaliyadda
438.2808
Bingiriya
195.2943
Kotawehera
182.1192
Poonakary
558.4683
Arachchikattuwa
162.6380
Karuwalagaswewa 503.9380
Karachchi
621.6203
Nuwaragam
Palatha Central
389.4952
Pannala
284.9191
Thanamalwila
661.4470
53665
114438
23172
138
402
35
13055
29467
5893
11598
0
0
42067
113726
23172
0
712
0
20.14
17.80
35.80
20.32
31.16
14.18
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
Lunugamvehera
Hambantota
Ganewatta
Kebithigollewa
Madulla
Godakawela
Rideegama
Padaviya
Haldummulla
Wellawaya
Thambuttegama
Weeraketiya
Rasnayakapura
25226
46757
36812
19457
28358
69123
80473
21146
38223
50768
36524
37401
18814
84
138
250
32
39
444
362
87
92
87
328
324
149
6922
10945
9830
4903
6678
16962
21118
5452
9855
12698
9448
9208
5071
0
11134
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25226
35623
36770
19457
28358
57669
78808
21146
23207
50768
36524
55459
18678
0
0
42
0
0
11454
1665
0
15016
0
0
0
136
33.50
31.30
23.20
27.74
40.70
38.20
32.76
34.33
31.65
24.90
19.05
32.50
23.00
17.85
23.32
22.57
18.03
19.44
20.31
26.28
14.43
18.09
17.79
22.52
21.20
20.46
Hambantota
Hambantota
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Moneragala
Rathnapura
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Badulla
Moneragala
Anuradhapura
Hambantota
Kurunegala
90
300.3473
338.9857
147.1195
611.9821
722.5206
155.7512
222.5431
242.5157
414.9996
585.9537
111.4855
115.4094
125.8909
Land Utilization within Agricultural Holdings
Sector Specific Data
DSD Name
Rank
Total
Aswed- Temp.
Perm. Forest Other
Extent dumized Crops
Crops
Land
Land
of
Paddy other than (Acres)d (Acres)d (Acres)d
Holdings (Acres)d Aswed(Acres)d
dumized
Paddy
(Acres)d
Rainfed Irrigated Non
Total
Total
Paddy Paddy Paddy Population
Agri.
(Acres)g (Acres)g Temp. of Agri. hh Operators
d
Crops (5 ac - le
(Acres)d than 10
Acres)d
19439
21017
39693
41930
29714
19648
25927
18955
19629
28170
23135
22207
19398
23828
27216
21067
7347
12198
14325
8551
17124
3955
16434
14352
5970
7642
12180
14557
9526
10674
10496
11521
2231
2162
5177
7968
1313
327
1518
2420
8671
299
4081
2079
4094
4492
4503
2556
6221
4872
15404
18816
6803
13803
5055
1190
2541
18435
3603
2848
3604
4543
5420
3285
2310
487
2423
3544
1544
306
1134
192
1105
175
1230
1345
1145
1650
5274
1869
1330
1298
2364
3051
2930
1257
1786
801
1342
1619
2041
1378
1029
2469
1523
1836
180
0
4804
119
1947
2696
35
21735
47
1139
0
3452
79
722
1038
946
8414
9719
12276
3163
22062
2676
4030
12484
2137
8560
4569
14587
11893
13929
8943
13843
2231
2162
5177
7968
1313
327
1518
2420
8671
299
4081
2079
4094
4492
4503
2556
3001
3126
5520
5028
531
2346
3091
4444
3738
3465
3041
4971
3214
4187
4564
4850
7445
8966
16447
20930
13352
11354
11281
3580
7383
12558
9310
7054
8302
9215
10553
6575
3993
5898
10625
12435
6945
4442
7668
2894
6587
6308
5763
4673
6359
5252
6499
3976
Anamaduwa
Ambalantota
Polpithigama
Embilipitiya
Medirigiriya
Kuliyapitiya West
Thalawa
Eravur Pattu
Suriyawewa
Panduwasnuwara
Nochchiyagama
Horowpothana
Tissamaharama
Medawachchiya
Galgamuwa
Rambewa
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
30387
20551
38422
25773
19794
24713
14837
23214
30696
20070
15533
15762
16632
30443
22151
17991
8795
13234
12040
19741
19849
17054
10185
8283
13205
9691
6362
8887
8071
8370
7036
3322
8706
7581
10010
4228
5523
4729
2651
5002
9284
6771
4433
2450
15734
4173
3697
721
1166
435
4699
2228
754
1883
2002
7997
254
2511
1805
395
960
3413
4027
5967
5781
8557
4899
3420
15298
2664
12640
12250
6215
9834
3423
3714
8344
15339
3784
1780
7448
3103
5023
4281
1501
1164
3505
1163
1198
1175
630
516
2950
3141
641
675
2147
2486
756
5523
254
1361
1735
419
1341
1432
971
2343
2333
1788
1157
1490
1552
2427
1450
982
1075
1188
1606
1574
650
227
1379
1240
1602
3429
3230
40
4438
744
1433
2580
10
3333
3210
620
722
633
111
3306
2493
1124
10065
801
86
3635
40
17698 4433
5478 2450
5533 15734
14527 4173
13344 3697
5678
721
2083 1166
6395
435
8476 4699
7683 2228
3324
754
5192 1883
9098 2002
8604 7997
3269
254
5671 2511
1359 1805
2916
395
7075
960
17755 3413
10808 4027
2231
3292
11625
4082
3115
3234
1334
2067
4805
3032
2021
1599
2704
6119
2102
3806
2475
1802
1942
5102
2589
12698
8740
10293
9726
8240
11060
6943
12336
11949
7759
6736
6993
6404
10178
11983
5031
2388
5904
4143
7544
8773
9390
5662
7417
6569
5370
4687
4289
6030
5423
3917
3498
5251
5121
7405
4556
2556
2013
2146
2404
5707
4393
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
28284
17167
5721
4167
334 19461
6306
4227
493
989
2275
1478
6736
146
334
6306
3183
2598
14161
5591
6066
5097
Mahiyanganaya
Angunukolapeles
Siyambalanduwa
Galenbidunuwawe
Kahatagasdigiliya
Wariyapola
Galnewa
Ibbagamuwa
Mahawa
Nikaweratiya
Kobeigane
Palagala
Giribawa
Rideemaliyadda
Bingiriya
Kotawehera
Poonakary
Arachchikattuwa
Karuwalagaswewa
Karachchi
Nuwaragam
Palatha Central
Pannala
Thanamalwila
37
38
39
17071
11482
15663
12461
24796
13977
26197
13577
11094
26611
14783
17631
12430
9384
5179
4921
8231
3021
1648
5572
7117
1834
3143
11040
3603
3066
3363
1401
2757
1151
789
7694
333
2678
6804
9961
175 10209
256 17773
1286
2630
808
5175
11708
7443
79
2725
1226 11507
1524
5133
2391
1059
622
693
3466
1116
860
1529
2144
1473
240
567
2099
532
1336
1637
526
1544
829
1736
1015
1133
2844
699
728
608
20
0
1273
383
2308
578
4386
578
0
20
0
937
840
11278 3363
7337 2757
4742
789
10672
333
1065 6804
1727
175
2844
256
8189 1286
2073
808
4085 11708
0
79
1918 1226
3684 1524
1715
2073
2127
2102
7763
1360
2865
4677
1245
3943
1059
2346
2420
6199
4728
6875
4412
6232
8053
13473
4355
4867
10885
6592
7868
4400
4289
3070
3368
3118
5041
4561
6174
3186
2734
7636
5025
4664
2309
Lunugamvehera
Hambantota
Ganewatta
Kebithigollewa
Madulla
Godakawela
Rideegama
Padaviya
Haldummulla
Wellawaya
Thambuttegama
Weeraketiya
Rasnayakapura
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
1527
5085
HH with
Agri. as
Primary
Source
of
Incomed
91
Paddy
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Rank District Name
DSD Name
Physical Characteristics
Area
(Sq. km)a
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Badulla
Moneragala
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Hambantota
Puttalam
Rathnapura
Anuradhapura
Uva Paranagama
Medagama
Polgahawela
Thirappane
Beliatta
Nawagattegama
Balangoda
Ipalogama
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
Anuradhapura
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Hambantota
Moneragala
Badulla
Matale
Kurunegala
Puttalam
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Moneragala
Moneragala
Kandy
Kurunegala
Moneragala
Kurunegala
Trincomalee
Kurunegala
Puttalam
Kurunegala
Mihintale
234.9169
Kurunegala
111.0680
Maha Vilachchiya 624.8276
Tangalle
152.5016
Buttala
735.5660
Kandaketiya
152.6207
Laggala-Pallegama 373.8370
Ambanpola
142.5265
Mahakumbukkadawala175.8432
Kuliyapitiya East
113.2748
Narammala
108.3197
Badalkumbura
235.9900
Sewanagala
191.9569
Pathahewaheta
83.5016
Mawathagama
109.6233
Moneragala
292.5414
Weerambugedara
91.3110
Thampalakamam
267.0782
Mallawapitiya
79.9307
Chilaw
93.6034
Udubaddawa
117.5985
92
137.2816
241.1373
97.3861
278.9562
102.5034
171.9949
274.1594
142.4270
Demographics
Total
Population
No. of
Urban
Rural
Estate
%
%
Populationb Density Households Population Population Population in Poverty Completed
b
b
b
b
c
(Per Sq. km)a
Secondary
Educationa
76524
32467
58762
23378
52283
12956
77303
32933
557
135
603
84
510
75
282
231
19213
7664
14506
6143
12630
3519
18720
8730
0
0
0
0
0
0
11402
0
65809
32467
57940
23378
52283
12956
58032
31992
10715
0
822
0
0
0
7869
941
33.35
30.20
22.91
18.59
28.30
26.44
27.30
17.41
19.52
14.89
35.64
23.27
36.26
13.19
27.22
25.86
26786
88944
18557
62800
47324
22494
12399
19964
16905
46966
51244
36784
36820
53843
56820
42457
30311
114
801
30
412
64
147
33
140
96
415
473
156
192
645
518
145
332
6657
20292
4630
14981
11843
5425
3305
5488
4686
11728
13092
9030
9221
13229
14191
10071
8085
1523
28401
0
10437
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25263
60369
18557
52363
47324
21428
12055
19964
16905
46839
51244
32733
35739
51531
55013
39112
30311
0
174
0
0
0
1066
344
0
0
127
0
4051
1081
2312
1807
3345
0
18.97
14.70
31.16
27.10
21.20
46.10
34.60
23.10
28.65
20.32
21.40
27.90
19.30
26.60
24.92
29.30
20.11
29.03
44.87
17.85
30.04
22.01
14.56
19.05
23.46
15.18
27.57
33.36
23.53
20.35
30.92
33.95
23.23
39.05
46575
59890
48800
583
640
415
11574
14448
12669
0
23533
0
46240
36357
48742
335
0
58
19.50
20.11
17.70
33.19
21.74
29.43
Land Utilization within Agricultural Holdings
Total
Aswed- Temp.
Perm. Forest Other
Extent dumized Crops
Crops
Land
Land
of
Paddy other than (Acres)d (Acres)d (Acres)d
Holdings (Acres)d Aswed(Acres)d
dumized
Paddy
(Acres)d
Sector Specific Data
DSD Name
Rainfed Irrigated Non
Total
Total
Paddy Paddy Paddy Population
Agri.
(Acres)g (Acres)g Temp. of Agri. hh Operators
d
crops
(5 ac - le
(Acres)d than 10
Acres)d
Rank
HH with
Agri. as
Primary
Source
of
Incomed
14085
16651
12562
14577
17204
8997
16543
13323
3627
3619
3901
5747
3048
4601
3312
6996
6531
2852
1459
9107
87
7784
3599
2562
237 12539
759
1577
1441
8455
986
3160
322
1518
208
1942
433
1581
1569
1182
753
948
582
727
947
479
1766
999
156
2748
4801
544
1117
25
670
215
3805
1789
413
6818
2409
5036
3655
8584
6531
1459
87
3599
237
759
1441
986
845
1916
1532
2292
2691
1042
1284
1692
11379
7157
7042
5472
7353
3200
9813
6007
8683
4789
3080
3315
3713
2435
6643
3350
Uva Paranagama
Medagama
Polgahawela
Thirappane
Beliatta
Nawagattegama
Balangoda
Ipalogama
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
12435
11182
13869
19264
24273
8204
7179
12224
15837
13572
13216
17567
20748
8610
11687
18742
11477
4281
8328
8185
13974
4175
3746
4070
3547
4498
3749
2825
3757
2774
4006
3426
1615
3883
1732
2878
1693
3303
3062
2217
1775
2401
2539
2966
93
6361
5595
2532
3667
8251
4518 10146
578
2430
349
2049
2344
3003
1157
6127
73
8712
94
8399
1987 10035
3578
8687
1745
3843
103
7484
5256
7137
55
7461
148
650
72
5323
493
4984
74 10408
1177
184
329
1846
1947
981
1263
2551
4285
124
216
2223
2974
543
376
1332
143
116
157
316
173
1578
798
1343
1953
3164
466
693
569
1494
657
1081
1707
1626
747
846
3324
515
305
559
617
918
213
3450
47
7
516
84
171
591
351
3435
3899
297
20
42
3823
1302
3810
1552
2918
759
1416
4910
1500
5303
4547
7996
3558
2916
5063
4166
1745
561
1774
1265
2217
413
969
430
5540
269
1539
1856
2539
93
5595
3667
4518
578
349
2344
1157
73
94
1987
3578
1745
103
5256
55
148
72
493
74
2304
1342
3246
2945
6500
627
667
2047
3297
1639
1400
2100
2
635
1258
4172
1484
1412
1055
1019
1645
4877
5415
4385
8228
8719
3983
2868
4421
4195
6453
7445
7637
7566
5769
6280
6972
5273
1236
4986
3731
7392
2517
1845
2813
3786
6013
3544
1861
2645
2025
2805
2196
5098
6223
3262
2003
3873
1891
936
1431
1524
2482
Mihintale
61
Kurunegala
62
Maha Vilachchiya
63
Tangalle
64
Buttala
65
Kandaketiya
66
Laggala-Pallegama
67
Ambanpola
68
Mahakumbukkadawala 69
Kuliyapitiya East
70
Narammala
71
Badalkumbura
72
Sewanagala
73
Pathahewaheta
74
Mawathagama
75
Moneragala
76
Weerambugedara
77
Thampalakamam
78
Mallawapitiya
79
Chilaw
80
Udubaddawa
81
93
Paddy
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Paddy Sector Vulnerability to Flood Exposure
The indicators used for the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index are:
The Sensitivity Index
The Adaptive Capacity Index
Data (at DSD level) on:
 ._RN\S]NQQfPbYaVcNaV\[.`cRQQbZVgRQ]NQQf
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 =R_PR[aNTR\S]R\]YRRZ]Y\fRQV[NT_VPbYab_RdVaU
education below O/L
 =R_PR[aNTR\SYN[QYR``]NQQfSN_ZR_`
 =R_PR[aNTRNT_VPbYab_R`UN_RV[V[P\ZRNZ\[TaU\`R
employed in agriculture)
 =R_PR[aNTR\S]NQQfYN[Q[\aSRQOfZNW\_V__VTNaV\[
Raw data sources: Census of Agriculture 2002, Department of Census and Statistics
Some of the key findings include:
 6 DSDs emerge as highly vulnerable to the increase in floods expected due to climate change. These
DSDs have:
R
R
R
114,555 ac of agricultural lands of which 81,890 ac (71.5%) are cultivated with paddy.
27,557 households with agriculture as primary source of income.
283 tanks covering an area of 16,717 ac.
 A further 25 DSDs emerge as moderately vulnerable to flood exposure. These DSDs have
R
R
94
156,650 ac of paddy lands, and
109,052 households with agriculture as primary source of income.
95
Paddy
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Paddy Sector Vulnerability to Flood Exposure
High Vulnerability
Moderate Vulnerability
Rank District Name DSD Name
Area
(Sq. km)a
1
2
3
4
5
6
Polonnaruwa
Batticaloa
Kilinochchi
Batticaloa
Batticaloa
Polonnaruwa
Dimbulagala
552.3964
Eravur Pattu
612.3070
Karachchi
621.6203
Manmunai South - West150.8018
Koralai Pattu (Valach.)593.7964
Lankapura
200.7756
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Matara
Matara
Polonnaruwa
Rathnapura
Polonnaruwa
Hambantota
Gampaha
Polonnaruwa
Matale
Trincomalee
Rathnapura
Matara
Rathnapura
Jaffna
Kalutara
Hambantota
Anuradhapura
Galle
Kilinochchi
Batticaloa
Kalutara
Matara
Hambantota
Anuradhapura
Mannar
Mulatiyana
Akuressa
Thamankaduwa
Pelmadulla
Medirigiriya
Ambalantota
Dompe
Elahera
Dambulla
Kinniya
Kalawana
Malimbada
Kuruwita
Sandilipay
Bulathsinhala
Tissamaharama
Kahatagasdigiliya
Baddegama
Poonakary
Porativu Pattu
Palindanuwara
Athuraliya
Suriyawewa
Thambuttegama
Nanaddan
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
Ampara
Matara
Ampara
Mannar
Ampara
Kalutara
Ampara
Rathnapura
Matara
Mulattivu
Mulattivu
Kurunegala
Ampara
Kalutara
Moneragala
Galle
Kalutara
Ampara
Hambantota
Ampara
Matara
Kurunegala
Samanthurai
Hakmana
Alayadiwembu
Manthai West
Pothuvil
Walallawita
Thirukkovil
Eheliyagoda
Kaburupitiya
Pudukudiyirippu
Maritimepattu
Rasnayakapura
Lahugala
Millaniya
Bibila
Nagoda
Dodangoda
Ampara
Tangalle
Addalachchenai
Thihagoda
Udubaddawa
96
Low Vulnerability
Minimal Vulnerability
Physical Characteristics
Demographics
Total
Population
No. of
Urban
Rural
Estate
%
%
Populationb Density Households Population Population Population in Poverty Completed
b
b
b
b
c
(Per Sq. km)a
Secondary
Educationa
63349
115
16757
0
63339
10
22.59
18.60
33676
168
8611
0
33676
0
14.54
19.42
119.4139
148.6167
465.7376
144.8430
570.3679
211.3413
182.1586
353.1772
455.1342
151.4995
384.7488
47.9781
174.6734
48.1604
209.4387
783.8008
366.6055
114.4507
558.4683
174.9570
283.2330
65.9339
189.7447
111.4855
147.6092
46066
49806
74224
84966
57899
64361
130021
39908
60976
386
335
159
587
102
305
714
113
134
11169
11825
17920
19906
15189
15334
31962
10446
15285
0
0
0
560
0
0
0
0
0
45501
48508
73956
73480
57899
63426
130021
39908
60959
565
1298
268
10926
0
935
0
0
17
30.90
21.90
14.15
30.20
13.37
33.30
21.10
18.45
19.90
21.41
24.28
28.23
26.35
14.73
21.36
31.48
17.46
23.88
48669
31524
85882
126
657
492
11905
7577
20460
0
0
0
44632
31384
80326
4037
140
5556
36.40
24.30
28.90
23.93
31.38
23.57
59787
60982
33572
68634
285
78
92
600
15611
14829
8619
16761
0
0
0
0
53331
60486
33572
66249
6456
496
0
2385
27.40
32.20
19.63
21.70
22.09
22.31
20.03
30.17
45911
30179
35529
36524
162
458
187
328
11597
7039
9031
9448
0
0
0
0
40298
29380
35529
36524
5613
799
0
0
30.70
27.80
34.80
19.05
22.88
26.77
17.37
22.52
123.0101
49.6219
82.5912
609.4103
271.8310
213.2047
187.0859
141.9292
59.7187
1002.7885
756.2531
125.8909
923.3049
82.0638
483.5204
174.6178
112.8241
139.2692
152.5016
56.9586
50.9425
117.5985
51510
30201
22627
419
609
274
11729
7190
4956
0
0
0
51510
30201
22627
0
0
0
32.00
20.13
29.15
22.67
28480
50676
23700
63870
37347
105
238
127
450
625
6693
12793
5427
15566
9079
0
0
0
0
0
28480
47579
23700
61593
37347
0
3097
0
2277
0
18814
7623
44476
35490
52414
55052
38166
62800
36020
30909
48800
149
8
542
73
300
488
274
412
632
607
415
5071
1888
11035
8817
13028
13646
8713
14981
7640
7529
12669
0
0
0
0
0
0
17957
10437
0
0
0
18678
7623
43110
34818
46707
47970
20209
52363
36020
30909
48742
136
0
1366
672
5707
7082
0
0
0
0
58
31.40
26.90
24.90
23.00
16.90
26.00
28.70
21.20
27.10
27.20
17.70
13.45
25.28
20.88
26.60
31.28
20.46
15.57
30.71
17.05
23.04
27.42
30.45
30.04
17.64
30.07
29.43
Land Utilization within Agricultural Holdings
Sector Specific Data
DSD Name
Rank
Total
Aswed- Temp.
Perm. Forest Other
Extent dumized Crops
Crops
Land
Land
of
Paddy other than (Acres)d (Acres)d (Acres)d
Holdings (Acres)d Aswed(Acres)d
dumized
Paddy
(Acres)d
Rainfed Irrigated Non
Total
Total
Paddy Paddy Paddy population
Agri.
(Acres)g (Acres)g Temp. of Agri. hh Operators
d
crops
(5 ac - le
(Acres)d than 10
Acres)d
HH with
Agri. as
Primary
Source
of
Incomed
39611
18955
19741
8612
10216
17420
29574
14352
9284
7828
7914
12938
923
2420
3413
453
1387
440
5147
1190
5023
227
682
2206
1737
192
419
12
36
449
2230
801
1602
92
197
1387
0
21735
3635
8849
0
247
33515
12484
17755
6652
57
14629
923
2420
3413
453
1387
440
356
4444
5102
1874
2020
579
7230
3580
7544
2314
2394
5537
10198
2894
5707
2178
1892
4688
16471
13970
20085
12035
29714
21017
22102
20168
25755
2502
19905
6462
12810
2822
18827
19398
19794
13506
8795
10142
19411
7839
19629
14783
9131
2755
3170
13660
1886
17124
12198
3984
12708
9287
1750
2140
2770
1798
1671
3384
9526
9691
4143
4729
8144
2755
2713
5970
11040
7654
314
325
761
144
1313
2162
1028
736
6624
377
134
57
403
325
712
4094
3697
189
1805
1007
345
104
8671
79
322
11541
8464
3640
8299
6803
4872
15526
3251
6496
253
13315
2804
8557
630
12196
3604
3420
11495
1780
661
12708
3890
2541
2725
615
774
593
831
619
1544
487
421
938
2218
26
2853
135
678
6
1202
1145
1198
690
254
59
2009
382
1105
240
64
1087
1418
1193
1087
2930
1298
1143
2535
1130
96
1463
696
1374
190
1333
1029
1788
1235
227
271
1594
750
1342
699
476
2004
2674
138
803
1947
0
3899
460
815
2807
1848
2128
1834
0
4203
79
1433
4910
10065
8169
2854
1161
47
0
0
1043
1451
16781
1804
22062
9719
877
14559
10386
3319
1290
724
2273
0
346
11893
13344
0
1359
14273
618
1999
2137
0
11051
314
325
761
144
1313
2162
1028
736
6624
377
134
57
403
325
712
4094
3697
189
1805
1007
345
104
8671
79
322
428
253
547
1040
531
3126
2451
193
3680
463
2705
141
1015
71
2115
3214
3115
1339
2475
1230
2136
153
3738
1059
1797
8690
8036
6799
8321
13352
8966
12061
10584
10295
1254
8389
3995
7983
2660
8938
8302
8240
9296
2388
3507
7951
4620
7383
6592
2078
4414
5426
4698
4873
6945
5898
4120
5410
6251
1011
6556
1258
4494
1657
4490
6359
5370
3996
2013
2542
5738
2197
6587
5025
1724
Mulatiyana
Akuressa
Thamankaduwa
Pelmadulla
Medirigiriya
Ambalantota
Dompe
Elahera
Dambulla
Kinniya
Kalawana
Malimbada
Kuruwita
Sandilipay
Bulathsinhala
Tissamaharama
Kahatagasdigiliya
Baddegama
Poonakary
Porativu Pattu
Palindanuwara
Athuraliya
Suriyawewa
Thambuttegama
Nanaddan
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
11331
9322
6310
5343
3875
21882
3260
11761
9051
12353
8473
12430
5107
7966
16988
14097
6716
9208
19264
5081
7192
13974
10933
2360
5947
3660
3688
4525
2706
1754
2874
3567
4421
3066
2901
2849
3750
2915
2297
5294
3547
4445
3835
2401
77
191
81
6004
32
138
558
603
10
83
254 13637
122
390
798
7870
30
5185
3694
4488
1157
2248
1524
5133
1116
651
226
4012
1886
8254
86 14296
201
3384
734
1780
3667
8251
174
362
68
2705
74 10408
2
196
78
168
51
1700
4
639
223
132
99
2099
234
226
1322
585
207
800
1846
30
118
173
128
681
115
354
43
1766
38
700
739
472
548
608
205
653
1776
1493
627
600
1953
70
466
918
662
1485
1688
25
7416
4226
6084
902
1559
2375
3917
840
811
2847
1110
3116
2978
304
7
1181
1011
1416
21602
1203
14031
6635
8883
282
5105
1357
2172
2721
5108
3684
3012
437
2970
284
141
5471
4547
9103
4015
1856
77
81
32
558
10
254
122
798
30
3694
1157
1524
1116
226
1886
86
201
734
3667
174
68
74
2221
349
825
1094
1121
2663
545
843
262
2598
1840
2420
1115
1035
2245
1064
804
1643
2945
1004
189
1645
2250
4387
984
1488
797
9560
812
6739
5283
4541
2299
4400
1289
4034
7370
1856
3619
3575
8228
1258
3904
7392
1685
1779
770
1357
521
4821
565
1825
1325
3959
1829
2309
870
1512
4355
6354
758
2283
3786
894
1340
2482
Samanthurai
Hakmana
Alayadiwembu
Manthai West
Pothuvil
Walallawita
Thirukkovil
Eheliyagoda
Kaburupitiya
Pudukudiyirippu
Maritimepattu
Rasnayakapura
Lahugala
Millaniya
Bibila
Nagoda
Dodangoda
Ampara
Tangalle
Addalachchenai
Thihagoda
Udubaddawa
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
Dimbulagala
Eravur Pattu
Karachchi
Manmunai South-West
Koralai Pattu (Valach.)
Lankapura
1
2
3
4
5
6
97
Paddy
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Rank District Name
DSD Name
Physical Characteristics
Area
(Sq. km)a
54
55
56
57
58
Kalutara
Trincomalee
Kalutara
Kalutara
Hambantota
Mathugama
Seruvila
Agalawatta
Beruwala
Walasmulla
134.3624
270.3615
89.7814
71.6785
109.0750
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
Gampaha
Gampaha
Ampara
Kalutara
Ampara
Puttalam
Gampaha
Kalutara
Ampara
Jaffna
Gampaha
Galle
Jaffna
Jaffna
Batticaloa
Minuwangoda
Gampaha
Akkaraipattu
Horana
Ninthavur
Chilaw
Attanagalla
Kaluthara
Eragama
Chavakachcheri
Mahara
Elpitiya
Chankanai
Karaveddy
Koralai P.W.
(Oddamavadi)
133.2225
90.6959
60.4089
112.7795
36.3016
93.6034
154.3057
77.6779
66.6480
222.1802
94.2988
151.2593
48.0547
90.6898
98
39.1499
Demographics
Total
Population
No. of
Urban
Rural
Estate
%
%
Populationb Density Households Population Population Population in Poverty Completed
b
b
b
b
c
(Per Sq. km)a
Secondary
Educationa
73269
545
17604
0
66781
6488
29.40
28.65
33962
144733
39010
378
2019
358
8423
29635
9443
0
33096
32768
111637
1194
0
26.40
22.10
33.40
33.03
28.20
23.96
151661
171040
34939
90690
24625
59890
154967
141829
11344
1138
1886
578
804
678
640
1004
1826
170
37683
41357
7649
22048
6235
14448
36838
31857
2632
7567
9284
0
9127
0
23533
0
37451
0
144084
161756
34939
80042
24625
36357
154821
104378
11344
10
0
0
1521
0
0
146
0
0
12.50
9.90
38.36
43.27
26.00
42.98
22.78
21.74
39.55
38.35
13.35
176870
60292
1876
399
41639
15049
0
0
176870
58153
0
2139
12.10
22.70
8.40
20.11
15.40
12.50
37.86
26.49
Land Utilization within Agricultural Holdings
Total
Aswed- Temp.
Perm. Forest Other
Extent dumized Crops
Crops
Land
Land
of
Paddy other than (Acres)d (Acres)d (Acres)d
Holdings (Acres)d Aswed(Acres)d
dumized
Paddy
(Acres)d
Sector Specific Data
DSD Name
Rainfed Irrigated Non
Total
Total
Paddy Paddy Paddy population
Agri.
g
g
(Acres) (Acres) Temp. of Agri. hh Operators
d
Crops (5 ac - le
(Acres)d than 10
Acres)d
Rank
HH with
Agri. as
Primary
Source
of
Incomed
10764
4652
9712
7898
16836
3593
2990
2354
2245
2349
239
5051
202
750
223
5536
363
3726
333 12497
619
370
716
377
631
1262
340
883
1187
1026
3291
1236
1930
1569
82
603
5980
882
136
4001
239
202
223
363
333
1060
693
921
777
2216
6193
1667
4866
5611
7513
1563
1368
2090
984
4666
Mathugama
Seruvila
Agalawatta
Beruwala
Walasmulla
54
55
56
57
58
18244
9476
6461
11716
4693
8185
16611
6180
2958
10518
11556
3096
2737
6170
3506
4376
1775
3170
2279
2585
4694
2340
133 12919
98
5656
23
187
314
6732
12
262
493
4984
355 11503
234
2775
17
276
1048
3643
301
7330
192
77
9
227
1
316
362
235
2
452
157
1904
908
72
937
42
617
1221
657
78
681
1428
3042
1107
163
3608
0
759
3267
1206
494
0
2884
892
2165
11293
1008
0
1539
717
37
5340
0
306
133
98
23
314
12
493
355
234
17
1048
301
2144
809
2281
997
676
1019
1797
689
531
970
1406
10860
7107
2117
7063
915
3731
9911
3731
606
6442
6534
2526
1759
1162
2027
641
1524
2614
703
361
4237
1718
Minuwangoda
Gampaha
Akkaraipattu
Horana
Ninthavur
Chilaw
Attanagalla
Kaluthara
Eragama
Chavakachcheri
Mahara
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
15855
2540
3110
2056
4368
1858
1920
1979
317 13917
128
419
546
402
12
27
1040
2
16
2
1354
133
226
36
0
0
0
91
0
0
0
3324
317
128
546
12
1413
52
104
1543
5418
1799
2372
654
4544
894
1291
397
Elpitiya
Chankanai
Karaveddy
Koralai P.W.
(Oddamavadi)
70
71
72
73
99
Paddy
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Paddy Sector Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise Exposure
The indicators used for the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index are:
The Sensitivity Index
The Adaptive Capacity Index
Data (at DSD level) on:
 ._RN\S]NQQfPbYaVcNaV\[.`cRQQbZVgRQ]NQQf
within 5km from the coast line
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 =R_PR[aNTR\S]R\]YRRZ]Y\fRQV[NT_VPbYab_RdVaU
education below O/L
 =R_PR[aNTR\SYN[QYR``]NQQfSN_ZR_`
 =R_PR[aNTRNT_VPbYab_R`UN_RV[V[P\ZR
(among those employed in agriculture)
 =R_PR[aNTR\S]NQQfYN[Q[\aSRQOfZNW\_V__VTNaV\[
Raw data sources: Census of Agriculture 2002, Department of Census and Statistics
Some of the key findings include:
 The highest levels of paddy sector vulnerability to sea level rise exposure appear to be concentrated
in the North/Northeast of the island.
 4 DSDs emerge highly vulnerable to sea level rise, all of which are in the Northern part of the
country. These 4 DSDs have:
R
A total paddy cultivation area of 5,898 ac of which 16.4% are located within 5 km from the
coastline and below 2m.
 A further 6 DSDs, also in the Northern part of the country, emerge as having moderate vulnerability.
These 6 DSDs have:
R A total paddy cultivation area of 730 ac of which 1.8% are located within 5 km from the
coastline and below 2m.
R 4,394 jobs in agriculture.
100
101
Paddy
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Paddy Sector Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise Exposure
High Vulnerability
Moderate Vulnerability
Rank District Name DSD Name
Area
(Sq. km)a
1
2
3
4
Trincomalee
Jaffna
Jaffna
Kilinochchi
Kuchaveli
Velanai
Kayts
Poonakary
434.4600
85.4797
55.2340
558.4683
5
6
7
8
9
10
Jaffna
Mannar
Mulattivu
Trincomalee
Jaffna
Mannar
Chavakachcheri
Mannar Town
Maritimepattu
Muttur
Chankanai
Musalai
222.1802
207.1215
756.2531
194.6406
48.0547
478.8201
211.3413
11 Hambantota
12 Batticaloa
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Trincomalee
Hambantota
Matara
Galle
Mannar
Hambantota
Galle
Galle
Galle
Kalutara
Galle
Galle
Kalutara
Galle
Trincomalee
Puttalam
Jaffna
Trincomalee
Matara
Batticaloa
Jaffna
Matara
Jaffna
Ampara
Ambalantota
Manmunai S.
and Eruvilpattu
Eachchilampattai
Hambantota
Weligama
Hikkaduwa
Nanaddan
Tangalle
Bentota
Ambalangoda
Balapitiya
Beruwala
Akmeemana
Habaraduwa
Kaluthara
Bope-Poddala
Seruvila
Arachchikattuwa
Sandilipay
Town & Gravets
Matara
Manmunai North
Tellipallai
Thihagoda
Maruthnkerny
Ninthavur
37
38
39
40
41
42
Matara
Gampaha
Jaffna
Kalutara
Ampara
Ampara
Dickwella
Wattala
Point Pedro
Panadura
Kalmunai
Akkaraipattu
43 Ampara
102
Karativu
Low Vulnerability
Minimal Vulnerability
Physical Characteristics
Demographics
Total
Population
No. of
Urban
Rural
Estate
%
%
Populationb Density Households Population Population Population in Poverty Completed
b
b
b
b
c
(Per Sq. km)a
Secondary
Educationa
64361
305
15334
0
63426
935
33.30
21.36
46757
66459
98589
138
1540
1492
10945
14825
22820
11134
21698
0
35623
44761
98539
0
0
50
31.30
21.50
24.90
23.32
30.48
33.61
62800
46442
71047
65346
144733
63881
59041
141829
41612
412
642
1011
1197
2019
976
1192
1826
1426
14981
11015
17122
15054
29635
15110
13567
31857
9732
10437
0
39302
0
33096
0
0
37451
0
52363
46442
51396
65346
111637
63239
59041
104378
41461
0
0
0
0
0
642
0
0
151
27.10
22.30
20.30
22.00
22.10
22.00
28.70
12.50
18.10
30.04
31.14
32.73
27.89
28.20
32.21
29.53
38.35
42.27
38092
234
9912
0
37402
690
21.82
16.64
108238
1928
23705
42663
65575
0
16.90
42.45
30909
607
7529
0
30909
0
27.20
30.07
24625
678
6235
0
24625
0
50.9687
57.6911
36.9669
45.0310
19.6568
60.4089
51314
160127
1007
2776
11592
36368
0
28740
51314
131387
0
0
22.70
6.10
31.87
40.21
163492
70465
34939
3631
3585
578
37245
15821
7649
33514
70465
0
129978
0
34939
0
0
0
7.40
40.07
28.44
26.00
8.9392
16365
1831
3641
0
16365
0
59.7398
100.2010
338.9857
43.1469
66.0971
147.6092
152.5016
72.3358
70.2467
54.5727
71.6785
65.4509
49.5183
77.6779
29.1730
270.3615
162.6380
48.1604
132.1348
56.1514
66.4719
61.1745
50.9425
135.0921
36.3016
22.78
28.99
Land Utilization within Agricultural Holdings
Total
AswedTemp.
Perm.
Extent
dumized
Crops
Crops
of
Paddy other than (Acres)d
Holdings (Acres)d
Aswed(Acres)d
dumized
Paddy
(Acres)d
Sector Specific Data
Forest
Other
Land
Land
(Acres)d (Acres)d
Paddy
Areas
Below 2m
within 5km
from Coast
Line
(Acres)a
Paddy Areas
Belonging
to 5km
from Coast
Line
(Acres)a
DSD Name
Rank
Total
Paddy
Area
in DS
(Acres)a
1446
995
2320
8795
702
135
951
4729
543
309
382
1805
154
449
844
1780
6
10
1
254
41
92
142
227
3988
784
317
809
17786
4539
3438
10258
22150
4539
3438
13424
Kuchaveli
Velanai
Kayts
Poonakary
10518
3624
8473
5801
2540
421
4694
1441
4421
4747
1858
282
1048
57
1157
356
128
4
3643
1797
2248
459
419
72
452
162
99
23
2
45
160
167
548
217
133
18
114
34
187
12
319
64
11060
4978
7302
7899
3548
4703
11761
8537
16082
16846
3555
6430
Chavakachcheri
Mannar Town
Maritimepattu
Muttur
Chankanai
Musalai
5
6
7
8
9
10
21017
1869
12198
918
2162
261
4872
628
487
17
1298
45
16
0
5161
1684
15251
1684
11
3051
11482
2348
5179
508
2757
190
1151
1
1059
3
1336
0
2
2150
3750
2482
7636
Ambalantota
Manmunai S.
and Eruvilpattu
Eachchilampattai
Hambantota
12
13
14
4892
5720
9131
19264
6930
8602
5698
7898
8242
5675
6180
3558
4652
13234
2822
344
4641
839
1067
7192
843
4693
1283
1232
7654
3547
1666
1893
862
2245
2023
1567
2279
1453
2990
2651
1671
98
974
378
344
3835
404
4376
99
109
322
3667
72
98
154
363
84
75
234
57
202
395
325
25
57
15
381
68
190
12
2933
5171
615
8251
6859
8942
6211
3726
7669
4920
2775
2406
750
7448
630
182
2917
335
261
2705
176
262
111
300
64
1846
240
128
93
377
275
209
235
130
370
1361
6
18
133
1
466
817
476
1953
624
843
671
1187
1024
720
657
402
352
1379
190
22
559
110
81
464
20
42
180
51
36
19
192
323
0
89
211
60
32
232
10
356
101
282
124
0
61
136
2
14
2011
2415
3970
4539
2806
2308
1335
3162
1296
1649
3767
944
2008
3622
3009
2376
2881
2059
1544
1403
2407
6289
2011
2415
12421
6715
5881
3722
1587
3465
2407
6520
Weligama
Hikkaduwa
Nanaddan
Tangalle
Bentota
Ambalangoda
Balapitiya
Beruwala
Akmeemana
Habaraduwa
Kaluthara
Bope-Poddala
Seruvila
Arachchikattuwa
Sandilipay
Town & Gravets
Matara
Manmunai North
Tellipallai
Thihagoda
Maruthnkerny
Ninthavur
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
7578
2065
1257
2448
1157
6461
1308
168
358
446
951
6170
61
81
412
81
20
23
5042
1249
341
1474
144
187
260
140
6
68
9
907
680
140
379
42
72
122
0
3
0
0
0
1113
2510
1316
1822
979
1351
1136
2957
1316
1949
979
6813
Dickwella
Wattala
Point Pedro
Panadura
Kalmunai
Akkaraipattu
37
38
39
40
41
42
815
736
3
57
2
17
0
1146
1146
Karativu
43
118
15
1
1649
5462
7423
6827
3065
2557
3099
2387
1556
1
2
3
4
103
Paddy
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
104
Plantations
The plantation sector in Sri Lanla comprises tea, rubber, coconut and sugarcane, which together with
other minor export crops such as coffee, cocoa, spices, cashew and arecanut are important for export
earnings. Sri Lanka has around 709,000 ha under tea, rubber and coconut cultivation, 7320 ha under
sugarcane, and 119,862 ha under other crops such as coffee, cocoa, spices, cashew, arecanut and
betel leaves. About 300,000 small scale growers are involved with the cultivation of export crops. Tea
and rubber plantations are concentrated in the Central and Sabragamuwa Provinces whereas coconut
plantations are mainly located in the Kurunegala, Puttalam and Gampaha Districts.
Research carried out at the respective Tea, Rubber and Coconut Research Institutions, as well as selection
by growers, has resulted in considerable diversification of cash crops from the originally introduced
germplasm. This has served to produce high-yielding varieties that are also resistant to pests and disease
and adverse climatic conditions. The main concerns to the plantations sector regarding climate change
revolve around floods, droughts and landslides which are expected to increase in incidence. These
disaster incidences are all linked to changes in anticipated and already felt rainfall patterns in the
country.
The higher variability of rainfall due to climate change will adversely affect some agro-ecological
regions, and hence affect the crops that they usually support. For example, high intensity rainfall will
affect harvesting and soil erosion in tea lands and reduce the days suitable for rubber tapping. Associated
severe soil erosion and loss of plant nutrients due to heavy surface run-off in agricultural lands located on
steep slopes will affect production levels. Reduced annual rainfall leading to drought conditions could
increase evapo-transpiration from the soil and plants, and deplete soil moisture reserves. This will be
more apparent in the Dry Zone and the coastal areas. Changes in rainfall regimes could cause changes
in the length of growing seasons for particular crops.
105
Plantations
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Plantation Sector Vulnerability to Drought Exposure
The indicators used for the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index are:
The Sensitivity Index
The Adaptive Capacity Index
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 N_RN\SaRN_bOOR_N[QP\P\[baYN[Q`
 R`aNaR]\]bYNaV\[
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 =R_PR[aNTR\SSRZNYR`dU\UNcR[\aP\Z]YRaRQ4_NQR"
NZ\[TaU\`RRZ]Y\fRQV[NT_VPbYab_R
 =R_PR[aNTR\S]\]bYNaV\[dVaUYR``aUN[<9RQbPNaV\[
(among those employed in agriculture)
 =R_PR[aNTRNT_VPbYab_R`UN_R\SV[P\ZR
(among those employed in agriculture)
Raw data sources: Census of Agriculture 2002, Department of Census and Statistics
Some of the key findings include:
 5 DSDs emerge as highly vulnerable to drought exposure. These DSDs have:
R 88,069 ac of coconut cultivations, and negligible amounts of tea and rubber cultivations.
R A total population of 354,789 of whom 77,656 are below the poverty line.
R 40,172 jobs in agriculture.
 7 additional DSDs are moderately vulnerable. These DSDs have:
R
R
108,340 ac of coconut, 54,230 ac of tea and very minimal rubber.
A total of 10,522 jobs in agriculture, and an estate population of 143,272 .
 Of the 12 DSDs with high or moderate vulnerability to drought, 9 are in Kurunegala District.
Plantations in these DSDs are primarily for coconut cultivation.
106
107
Plantations
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Plantation Sector Vulnerability to Drought Exposure
High Vulnerability
Moderate Vulnerability
Rank District Name DSD Name
Low Vulnerability
Minimal Vulnerability
Physical Characteristics
Area
(Sq. km)a
Demographics
Total
Population
No. of
Urban
Rural
Estate
%
%
Populationb Density Households Population Population Population in Poverty Completed
b
b
b
b
c
(Per Sq. km)a
Secondary
Educationa
1
2
3
4
5
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Rathnapura
Puttalam
Kurunegala
Kuliyapitiya West
Panduwasnuwara
Embilipitiya
Arachchikattuwa
Bingiriya
163.9366
216.0387
383.4799
162.6380
195.2943
71483
69888
119563
38092
55763
436
323
312
234
286
18666
18130
29126
9912
15223
6290
0
0
0
0
65102
69888
119490
37402
55613
91
0
73
690
150
16.62
18.90
31.60
21.82
16.80
32.77
28.69
21.16
16.64
24.53
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Kurunegala
Nuwara Eliya
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Polpithigama
Ambagamuwa
Pannala
Wariyapola
Ibbagamuwa
Kobeigane
Ganewatta
417.5552
487.9105
284.9191
201.7589
219.4878
130.8780
147.1195
67263
203717
114438
56880
76344
32230
36812
161
418
402
282
348
246
250
18926
47145
29467
15207
19589
8581
9830
0
14204
0
0
0
0
0
67263
47474
113726
56832
75913
32230
36770
0
142039
712
48
431
0
42
30.00
22.90
17.80
18.90
24.30
19.10
23.20
18.13
16.74
31.16
29.42
26.50
24.70
22.57
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Kurunegala
Puttalam
Hambantota
Puttalam
Rathnapura
Hambantota
Puttalam
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Rathnapura
Rathnapura
Rideegama
Mundalama
Weeraketiya
Puttalam
Weligepola
Beliatta
Kalpitiya
Mahawa
Rasnayakapura
Godakawela
Balangoda
222.5431
241.4497
115.4094
178.4049
203.5279
102.5034
158.7548
260.6953
125.8909
155.7512
274.1594
80473
56294
37401
71091
29099
52283
81780
50576
18814
69123
77303
362
233
324
398
143
510
515
194
149
444
282
21118
13534
9208
15898
7690
12630
18185
13674
5071
16962
18720
0
0
0
41761
0
0
0
0
0
0
11402
78808
56294
55459
29330
28720
52283
81627
50576
18678
57669
58032
1665
0
0
0
379
0
153
0
136
11454
7869
32.76
41.08
32.50
25.08
39.20
28.30
45.34
20.90
23.00
38.20
27.30
26.28
14.73
21.20
21.59
19.60
36.26
13.63
21.83
20.46
20.31
27.22
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Puttalam
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Kuliyapitiya East
Udubaddawa
Polgahawela
Chilaw
Kurunegala
Narammala
Weerambugedara
Mawathagama
Mallawapitiya
113.2748
117.5985
97.3861
93.6034
111.0680
108.3197
91.3110
109.6233
79.9307
46966
48800
58762
59890
88944
51244
30311
56820
46575
415
415
603
640
801
473
332
518
583
11728
12669
14506
14448
20292
13092
8085
14191
11574
0
0
0
23533
28401
0
0
0
0
46839
48742
57940
36357
60369
51244
30311
55013
46240
127
58
822
0
174
0
0
1807
335
20.32
17.70
22.91
20.11
14.70
21.40
20.11
24.92
19.50
27.57
29.43
35.64
21.74
44.87
33.36
39.05
33.95
33.19
108
Land Utilization within Agricultural Holdings
Sector Specific Data
DSD Name
Rank
Total
Aswed- Temp.
Perm. Forest Other
Tea Rubber Coconut
Land Area
Educational Attainment
Extent dumized Crops
Crops
Land
Land
(Acres)g (Acres)g (Acres)d
<= 1/4 Acre
of Agri. Operators
of
Paddy other than (Acres)d (Acres)d (Acres)d
Tea
Rubber % Less
% Female
Holdings (Acres)d Aswed(Acres)d (Acres)d than OLd
Passed G 5
(Acres)d
dumized
or belowd
Paddy
(Acres)d
19648
28170
41930
13234
22151
3955
7642
8551
2651
4228
327
299
7968
395
254
13803
18435
18816
7448
15339
306
175
3544
1361
756
1257
1619
3051
1379
1574
39693
8420
28284
24713
23214
15533
15663
14325
294
5721
6362
8071
3322
4921
5177
227
334
721
435
754
789
15404
6115
19461
15298
12640
9834
7694
2423
785
493
1175
516
641
622
2364
999
2275
1157
1552
982
1637
26197
11838
17631
6734
14658
17204
9503
30696
12430
13977
16543
5572
821
3603
242
1556
3048
11
8370
3066
1648
3312
256
344
1226
54
2017
237
4018
4699
1524
175
1441
17773
8989
11507
4893
8992
12539
4451
12250
5133
10209
8455
860
1183
567
965
1232
433
265
2950
2099
1116
1569
1736
501
728
580
861
947
758
2427
608
829
1766
13572
13974
12562
8185
11182
13216
11477
11687
8328
4006
2401
3901
1775
3746
3426
3303
2878
2217
73
74
87
493
93
94
55
103
72
8712
10408
7784
4984
6361
8399
7461
7484
5323
124
173
208
316
184
216
143
376
157
657
918
582
617
798
1081
515
846
559
28
3
54230
62
301
218
101
1159
1436
252
33
5946
7981
2516
51
278
292
101
33
2955
730
19787
22070
6937
13945
25330
0
0
28
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
65.10
68.50
85.20
78.00
72.80
7.52
8.36
7.57
10.04
9.46
Kuliyapitiya West
Panduwasnuwara
Embilipitiya
Arachchikattuwa
Bingiriya
1
2
3
4
5
14507
557
30157
19466
18559
12488
12606
0
2727
0
0
0
0
0
0
19
96
0
7
0
0
81.10
72.40
65.40
73.20
71.30
75.10
76.70
9.08
11.73
6.50
10.37
8.72
8.98
9.51
Polpithigama
Ambagamuwa
Pannala
Wariyapola
Ibbagamuwa
Kobeigane
Ganewatta
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
18043
17879
8565
8970
5803
10084
8270
8668
6008
5194
2574
77
0
0
0
1170
0
0
0
0
2855
4621
172
0
0
0
252
28
0
0
0
776
1
72.10
81.40
80.30
79.70
83.60
64.50
83.00
72.40
81.40
76.50
74.40
10.89
8.68
12.52
11.35
7.86
10.36
6.33
8.97
10.48
6.69
6.26
Rideegama
Mundalama
Weeraketiya
Puttalam
Weligepola
Beliatta
Kalpitiya
Mahawa
Rasnayakapura
Godakawela
Balangoda
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
12326
13190
6903
6454
9062
9715
10006
7611
7906
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
204
0
46
33
21
678
27
65.00
62.40
55.50
69.40
50.90
64.60
59.00
62.00
61.20
6.38
7.55
5.68
9.76
5.48
6.51
6.88
6.94
6.72
Kuliyapitiya East
Udubaddawa
Polgahawela
Chilaw
Kurunegala
Narammala
Weerambugedara
Mawathagama
Mallawapitiya
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
109
Plantations
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Plantation Sector Vulnerability to Flood Exposure
The indicators used for the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index are:
The Sensitivity Index
The Adaptive Capacity Index
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 N_RN\SaRN_bOOR_N[QP\P\[baYN[Q`
 R`aNaR]\]bYNaV\[
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 =R_PR[aNTR\SSRZNYR`dU\UNcR[\aP\Z]YRaRQ4_NQR"
NZ\[TaU\`RRZ]Y\fRQV[NT_VPbYab_R
 =R_PR[aNTR\S]\]bYNaV\[dVaUYR``aUN[<9RQbPNaV\[
(among those employed in agriculture)
 =R_PR[aNTRNT_VPbYab_R`UN_R\SV[P\ZR
(among those employed in agriculture)
Raw data sources: Census of Agriculture 2002, Department of Census and Statistics
Some of the key findings include:
 3 DSDs emerge as highly vulnerable to flood exposure. These DSDs have:
R
R
R
R
13,303 ac of tea cultivation, 2,640 ac of rubber, and 14,170 ac of coconut (36.7%, 6.5%, and
56.9% of total plantation area respectively).
A total population of 401,255 of whom 51,521 are below the poverty line.
35,875 jobs in agriculture.
An estate population of 16,391.
 14 additional DSDs are moderately vulnerable. These DSDs have:
R
R
110
71,547 ac of tea, 64,084 ac of rubber, and 49,339 ac of coconut plantations.
A total of 117,982 jobs in agriculture, and an estate population of 54,580.
111
Plantations
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Plantation Sector Vulnerability to Flood Exposure
High Vulnerability
Moderate Vulnerability
Rank District Name DSD Name
Low Vulnerability
Minimal Vulnerability
Physical Characteristics
Area
(Sq. km)a
Demographics
Total
Population
No. of
Urban
Rural
Estate
%
%
Populationb Density Households Population Population Population in Poverty Completed
b
b
b
b
c
(Per Sq. km)a
Secondary
Educationa
1
2
3
Rathnapura
Gampaha
Polonnaruwa
Rathnapura
Katana
Dimbulagala
326.7894
124.9577
552.3964
115223
222683
63349
353
1782
115
26549
50765
16757
45623
73318
0
53219
149365
63339
16381
0
10
21.90
7.70
22.59
30.01
41.14
18.60
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Rathnapura
Kalutara
Matara
Galle
Galle
Kalutara
Rathnapura
Gampaha
Matara
Rathnapura
Puttalam
Rathnapura
Rathnapura
Rathnapura
Kalawana
Bulathsinhala
Mulatiyana
Thawalama
Baddegama
Palindanuwara
Ayagama
Dompe
Akuressa
Pelmadulla
Mundalama
Nivithigala
Kuruwita
Elapatha
384.7488
209.4387
119.4139
174.1470
114.4507
283.2330
157.6893
182.1586
148.6167
144.8430
241.4497
157.9051
174.6734
86.8547
48669
59787
46066
31803
68634
45911
28637
130021
49806
84966
56294
59092
85882
36322
126
285
386
183
600
162
182
714
335
587
233
374
492
418
11905
15611
11169
7710
16761
11597
7357
31962
11825
19906
13534
13989
20460
8828
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
560
0
0
0
0
44632
53331
45501
30789
66249
40298
25160
130021
48508
73480
56294
47942
80326
34219
4037
6456
565
1014
2385
5613
3477
0
1298
10926
0
11150
5556
2103
36.40
27.40
30.90
29.50
21.70
30.70
33.70
21.10
21.90
30.20
41.08
32.80
28.90
40.10
23.93
22.09
21.41
19.99
30.17
22.88
21.37
31.48
24.28
26.35
14.73
17.57
23.57
22.39
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Kurunegala
Badulla
Matale
Matara
Hambantota
Hambantota
Puttalam
Matara
Galle
Udubaddawa
Ella
Dambulla
Hakmana
Tangalle
Ambalantota
Chilaw
Athuraliya
Nagoda
117.5985
109.3657
455.1342
49.6219
152.5016
211.3413
93.6034
65.9339
174.6178
48800
42894
60976
30201
62800
64361
59890
30179
52414
415
392
134
609
412
305
640
458
300
12669
10775
15285
7190
14981
15334
14448
7039
13028
0
0
0
0
10437
0
23533
0
0
48742
29156
60959
30201
52363
63426
36357
29380
46707
58
13738
17
0
0
935
0
799
5707
17.70
28.04
19.90
32.00
27.10
33.30
20.11
27.80
28.70
29.43
21.90
23.88
29.15
30.04
21.36
21.74
26.77
23.04
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
Gampaha
Rathnapura
Kalutara
Gampaha
Gampaha
Kalutara
Kalutara
Gampaha
Kalutara
Matara
Kalutara
Minuwangoda
Kiriella
Millaniya
Attanagalla
Gampaha
Mathugama
Dodangoda
Biyagama
Beruwala
Matara
Kaluthara
133.2225
79.5653
82.0638
154.3057
90.6959
134.3624
112.8241
60.2668
71.6785
56.1514
77.6779
151661
30881
44476
154967
171040
73269
55052
161300
144733
108238
141829
1138
388
542
1004
1886
545
488
2676
2019
1928
1826
37683
7666
11035
36838
41357
17604
13646
36655
29635
23705
31857
7567
0
0
0
9284
0
0
0
33096
42663
37451
144084
29748
43110
154821
161756
66781
47970
161300
111637
65575
104378
10
1133
1366
146
0
6488
7082
0
0
0
0
12.50
25.60
16.90
15.40
9.90
29.40
21.20
11.30
22.10
16.90
12.50
38.36
26.58
30.71
39.55
43.27
28.65
27.42
41.68
28.20
42.45
38.35
112
Land Utilization within Agricultural Holdings
Sector Specific Data
DSD Name
Rank
Rathnapura
Katana
Dimbulagala
1
2
3
Total
Aswed- Temp.
Perm. Forest Other
Tea Rubber Coconut
Land Area
Educational Attainment
Extent dumized Crops
Crops
Land
Land
(Acres)g (Acres)g (Acres)d
<= 1/4 Acre
of Agri. Operators
of
Paddy other than (Acres)d (Acres)d (Acres)d
Tea
Rubber % Less
% Female
Holdings (Acres)d Aswed(Acres)d (Acres)d than OLd
Passed G 5
(Acres)d
dumized
or Belowd
Paddy
(Acres)d
17045
7608
39611
1180
893
29574
161
97
923
12346
5622
5147
1504
81
1737
1854
915
2230
13303
2619
21
1781
8002
4387
9130
0
0
1587
21
0
73.00
40.80
83.10
7.74
3.27
8.48
19905
18827
16471
12981
13506
19411
11403
22102
13970
12035
11838
10294
12810
7588
2140
3384
2755
1583
4143
2755
549
3984
3170
1886
821
1025
1798
1206
134
712
314
136
189
345
21
1028
325
144
344
216
403
88
13315
12196
11541
14255
11495
12708
8950
15526
8464
8299
8989
7025
8557
5034
2853
1202
774
1032
690
2009
1255
421
593
619
1183
855
678
529
1463
1333
1087
1239
1235
1594
628
1143
1418
1087
501
1173
1374
731
11728 1337
3554 14515
3403 1423
8896
331
6231 1461
4878 10173
3861 5542
3496
7007 1071
8294 4973
1476
2162
2147
1251
2427
1398
876
11710
1635
2228
17879
1531
1702
917
9528
2325
2878
8393
4945
4590
2816
0
6005
5868
0
4919
4225
1850
1034
7163
954
258
214
4960
3835
3348
472
1344
0
1484
2985
2254
74.90
76.40
77.00
75.10
81.20
75.80
77.00
56.90
76.50
75.10
81.40
79.00
73.70
72.00
6.34
9.52
11.25
9.60
14.71
8.63
7.56
3.81
8.31
5.94
8.68
6.64
5.44
4.55
Kalawana
Bulathsinhala
Mulatiyana
Thawalama
Baddegama
Palindanuwara
Ayagama
Dompe
Akuressa
Pelmadulla
Mundalama
Nivithigala
Kuruwita
Elapatha
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
13974
5015
25755
9322
19264
21017
8185
7839
14097
2401
1100
9287
2360
3547
12198
1775
2713
2915
74
726
6624
81
3667
2162
493
104
86
10408
2098
6496
6004
8251
4872
4984
3890
14296
173
524
2218
196
1846
487
316
382
585
918
567
1130
681
1953
1298
617
750
1493
0
1491
0
27
0
0
0
2158
7911
0
0
6
59
0
0
0
406
339
62.40
73.00
81.50
66.80
70.30
75.30
69.40
72.90
31.10
7.55
6.42
5.39
10.10
8.87
6.34
9.76
8.51
2.37
Udubaddawa
Ella
Dambulla
Hakmana
Tangalle
Ambalantota
Chilaw
Athuraliya
Nagoda
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
18244
8750
7966
16611
9476
10764
6716
5480
7898
4641
6180
3096
1461
2849
3170
2737
3593
2297
1290
2245
974
2279
133
248
226
355
98
239
201
87
363
57
234
12919
5763
4012
11503
5656
5051
3384
3366
3726
2917
2775
192
483
226
362
77
619
207
143
377
133
235
1904
795
653
1221
908
1262
627
594
1187
560
657
0
993
25
30
0
975
83
0
8
0
14
239
3188
2000
1030
238
2023
1641
130
1031
29
542
48.60
71.80
61.40
50.40
38.90
64.50
61.80
37.80
57.40
47.10
43.80
3.23
5.34
5.23
3.70
2.28
6.41
5.50
2.36
6.56
5.38
3.81
Minuwangoda
Kiriella
Millaniya
Attanagalla
Gampaha
Mathugama
Dodangoda
Biyagama
Beruwala
Matara
Kaluthara
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
5828
5566
2301
7518
7772
4472
27
74
60
2856
9726
1717
4329
13190
120
3774
3315
5032
3153
6454
1220
1804
405
4328
3644
1451
286
9214
8683
130
2613
28
1125
13816
959
1602
11147
6284
1955
1459
3607
2991
3016
2879
8063
1379
34
30
1201
105
10
14
113
Plantations
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Plantation Sector Vulnerability to Landslide Exposure
The indicators used for the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index are:
The Sensitivity Index
The Adaptive Capacity Index
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 N_RN\SaRN_bOOR_N[QP\P\[baYN[Q`
 R`aNaR]\]bYNaV\[
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 =R_PR[aNTR\SSRZNYR`dU\UNcR[\aP\Z]YRaRQ4_NQR"
NZ\[TaU\`RRZ]Y\fRQV[NT_VPbYab_R
 =R_PR[aNTR\S]\]bYNaV\[dVaUYR``aUN[<9RQbPNaV\[
(among those employed in agriculture)
 =R_PR[aNTRNT_VPbYab_R`UN_R\SV[P\ZR
(among those employed in agriculture)
Raw data sources: Census of Agriculture 2002, Department of Census and Statistics
Some of the key findings include:
 3 DSDs, all in the Nuwara Eliya District, emerge as highly vulnerable to landslide exposure. These
DSDs have:
R
R
R
R
68,296 ac of tea plantations, and 2,383 ac of coconut plantations, while rubber lands are
negligible.
A total population of 397,911 of whom 102,470 are below the poverty line.
100,942 jobs in agriculture.
An estate population of 195,151.
 14 additional DSDs are moderately vulnerable in this regard. These DSDs have:
R
R
R
114
118,936 ac of tea, 51,810 ac of coconut, and 26,226 ac of rubber plantations.
A total population of 993,467 and an estate population of 257,175 (25.9%).
196,292 jobs in agriculture.
115
Plantations
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Plantation Sector Vulnerability to Landslide Exposure
High Vulnerability
Moderate Vulnerability
Rank District Name DSD Name
Low Vulnerability
Minimal Vulnerability
Physical Characteristics
Area
(Sq. km)a
Demographics
Total
Population
No. of
Urban
Rural
Estate
%
%
Populationb Density Households Population Population Population in Poverty Completed
b
b
b
b
c
(Per Sq. km)a
Secondary
Educationa
1
2
3
Nuwara Eliya
Nuwara Eliya
Nuwara Eliya
Walapane
Ambagamuwa
Hanguranketha
321.5229
487.9105
228.6220
106434
203717
87760
331
418
384
26645
47145
22524
0
14204
0
66727
47474
74355
39707
142039
13405
26.50
22.90
34.60
15.66
16.74
19.18
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Rathnapura
Badulla
Nuwara Eliya
Kegalle
Matara
Badulla
Badulla
Kurunegala
Kegalle
Hambantota
Kalutara
Badulla
Badulla
Kurunegala
Rathnapura
Bandarawela
Nuwara Eliya
Deraniyagala
Kotapola
Haldummulla
Lunugala
Rideegama
Aranayaka
Katuwana
Palindanuwara
Ella
Uva Paranagama
Ibbagamuwa
326.7894
70.0596
483.5716
222.0806
179.3289
414.9996
141.8095
222.5431
124.4190
103.7065
283.2330
109.3657
137.2816
219.4878
115223
60269
208190
44735
64012
38223
33079
80473
66198
41392
45911
42894
76524
76344
353
860
431
201
357
92
233
362
532
399
162
392
557
348
26549
14379
49385
11336
15073
9855
8260
21118
16850
10025
11597
10775
19213
19589
45623
7296
28869
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
53219
44049
36922
34377
51875
23207
14585
78808
64894
62344
40298
29156
65809
75913
16381
8924
142399
10358
12137
15016
18494
1665
1304
0
5613
13738
10715
431
21.90
21.61
21.90
33.60
22.60
31.65
38.82
32.76
36.10
34.30
30.70
28.04
33.35
24.30
30.01
32.66
18.93
19.57
15.42
18.09
13.78
26.28
29.31
17.11
22.88
21.90
19.52
26.50
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Rathnapura
Nuwara Eliya
Rathnapura
Rathnapura
Badulla
Rathnapura
Rathnapura
Rathnapura
Rathnapura
Badulla
Badulla
Kegalle
Kegalle
Kegalle
Weligepola
Kothmale
Elapatha
Imbulpe
Welimada
Kolonna
Pelmadulla
Balangoda
Ayagama
Passara
Hali Ela
Bulathkohupitiya
Dehiovita
Yatiyanthota
203.5279
223.7228
86.8547
255.2644
193.9032
183.0319
144.8430
274.1594
157.6893
135.9205
170.1437
127.2471
193.2396
178.0749
29099
97509
36322
55546
94399
43693
84966
77303
28637
49190
87476
45573
73991
57239
143
436
418
218
487
239
587
282
182
362
514
358
383
321
7690
23841
8828
14086
22838
10661
19906
18720
7357
12245
21835
11729
18460
14197
0
0
0
660
0
0
560
11402
0
0
0
0
0
0
28720
58181
34219
46388
84180
38930
73480
58032
25160
29457
58715
37396
62883
45071
379
39328
2103
8498
10219
4763
10926
7869
3477
19733
28761
8177
11108
12168
39.20
22.30
40.10
32.00
29.19
37.70
30.20
27.30
33.70
31.88
34.58
32.50
29.30
30.10
19.60
19.01
22.39
24.58
28.14
14.65
26.35
27.22
21.37
19.27
24.29
22.74
24.21
23.81
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
Kegalle
Kegalle
Kegalle
Kandy
Matale
Kalutara
Badulla
Rathnapura
Kandy
Rathnapura
Warakapola
Ruwanwella
Kegalle
Doluwa
Rattota
Agalawatta
Haputhale
Eheliyagoda
Udapalatha
Kiriella
195.5200
138.6165
109.0590
100.1685
105.2255
89.7814
70.3267
141.9292
90.6003
79.5653
106038
58892
87637
45270
49382
33962
50735
63870
86145
30881
542
425
804
452
469
378
721
450
951
388
26503
14461
21327
11651
13068
8423
11565
15566
19936
7666
0
0
17139
0
0
0
3235
0
24116
0
103087
54679
68733
37392
40015
32768
29372
61593
48242
29748
2951
4213
1765
7878
9367
1194
18128
2277
13787
1133
26.00
28.50
26.70
26.50
23.40
26.40
24.42
26.90
21.40
25.60
30.93
28.11
37.80
21.04
25.32
33.03
29.37
26.60
29.35
26.58
116
Land Utilization within Agricultural Holdings
Sector Specific Data
DSD Name
Rank
Total
Aswed- Temp.
Perm. Forest Other
Tea Rubber Coconut
Land Area
Educational Attainment
extent dumized Crops
Crops
Land
Land
(Acres)g (Acres)g (Acres)d
<= 1/4 Acre
of Agri. Operators
of
Paddy other than (Acres)d (Acres)d (Acres)d
Tea
Rubber % Less
% Female
Holdings (Acres)d Aswed(Acres)d (Acres)d than OLd
Passed G 5
(Acres)d
dumized
or belowd
Paddy
(Acres)d
17933
8420
18229
6344
294
6099
3667
227
5322
4577
6115
4292
1800
785
1063
1545
999
1453
9202
54230
4864
62
621
557
1205
633
2727
807
0
19
0
78.20
72.40
76.60
7.75
11.73
6.61
Walapane
Ambagamuwa
Hanguranketha
1
2
3
17045
4190
3590
12159
13240
11094
4622
26197
13996
15519
19411
5015
14085
23214
1180
1198
22
198
1826
1834
881
5572
2506
574
2755
1100
3627
8071
161
732
2919
135
164
808
195
256
247
489
345
726
6531
435
12346
1467
260
8735
9612
5175
2210
17773
9962
12272
12708
2098
2852
12640
1504
347
58
1172
312
2144
609
860
310
938
2009
524
322
516
1854
446
331
1919
1326
1133
727
1736
971
1246
1594
567
753
1552
13303 2619
5259
44013
6047 7370
15984
68
5211
597
9148
249
101 1159
1432 3712
184
61
4878 10173
8063
5313
218
1781
28
0
1686
1482
543
251
18043
2469
5241
1398
120
209
18559
9130
1285
153
4076
8849
370
508
77
892
184
4590
1491
1569
0
1587
0
0
2261
14
109
45
172
2799
61
4960
0
0
7
73.00
57.50
52.10
75.80
76.70
75.00
76.10
72.10
69.30
86.90
75.80
73.00
76.10
71.30
7.74
6.31
4.57
9.10
8.20
7.93
8.93
10.89
7.26
13.80
8.63
6.42
7.02
8.72
Rathnapura
Bandarawela
Nuwara Eliya
Deraniyagala
Kotapola
Haldummulla
Lunugala
Rideegama
Aranayaka
Katuwana
Palindanuwara
Ella
Uva Paranagama
Ibbagamuwa
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
14658
12102
7588
13328
14422
17284
12035
16543
11403
7264
10387
8778
12660
9467
1556
1134
1206
2420
3562
1460
1886
3312
549
1208
2542
542
572
339
2017
1238
88
485
6708
614
144
1441
21
407
1222
260
695
434
8992
7903
5034
7618
3070
11292
8299
8455
8950
3688
4514
6730
9451
7184
1232
894
529
1663
205
2560
619
1569
1255
889
814
497
947
818
861
933
731
1142
877
1358
1087
1766
628
1072
1295
749
995
692
1436
252
11899
19
2301 4472
10244
4
7690
4667
44
8294 4973
7981
51
3861 5542
7492
1
13081
3895 5714
2790 17388
3703 8613
5803
194
917
1159
33
2184
2228
2574
876
306
275
1542
2333
1451
1170
5674
1850
5008
2596
2753
5868
4621
2816
1513
2702
1954
1561
2009
252
57
2254
4
0
10
1344
1
3835
1
0
2284
4929
1710
83.60
68.80
72.00
75.60
73.90
82.80
75.10
74.40
77.00
67.20
64.80
67.50
66.60
73.60
7.86
8.53
4.55
5.91
6.02
7.19
5.94
6.26
7.56
8.21
6.85
7.22
8.63
9.21
Weligepola
Kothmale
Elapatha
Imbulpe
Welimada
Kolonna
Pelmadulla
Balangoda
Ayagama
Passara
Hali Ela
Bulathkohupitiya
Dehiovita
Yatiyanthota
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
21469
13863
12577
7387
7434
9712
2728
11761
6424
8750
2723
1074
2124
982
1449
2354
596
1754
935
1461
1273
398
177
240
71
223
453
798
218
248
15219
10532
8828
4574
5150
5536
1071
7870
4332
5763
608
725
321
907
364
716
198
639
347
483
1646
1134
1127
684
400
883
410
700
592
795
72 12439
201 13711
449 4549
6078
5115 1498
934 3882
6222
1482 9480
6412
9
1379 4328
6779
3170
3259
443
1310
1089
11
1580
491
959
69
156
245
2451
332
929
948
1170
2156
993
6825
5524
2894
0
94
2693
0
4644
9
3188
62.10
67.20
59.40
74.20
68.90
66.40
56.10
70.70
65.00
71.80
5.21
7.88
6.81
10.15
8.35
7.83
5.95
7.02
7.98
5.34
Warakapola
Ruwanwella
Kegalle
Doluwa
Rattota
Agalawatta
Haputhale
Eheliyagoda
Udapalatha
Kiriella
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
117
Plantations
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
118
Fisheries
The fishery sector in Sri Lanka consists mainly of coastal fisheries, offshore fisheries, inland capture
fisheries, and aquaculture and shrimp farming. This sector earns valuable foreign exchange through the
export of marine and aquaculture products, and provides direct employment to 208,731 island wide,
while sustaining over 2.5 million people. Fishery constitutes the major economic activity in the coastal
region which is home to 25% of the island’s population. Fish also provides about 70% of animal protein
consumed in the country. Due to its importance as a livelihood of a considerable segment of Sri Lanka’s
population, and importance as a source of protein for the people of this country, the fishery sector has
received much attention in the national development agenda. Since fisheries is heavily dependent on
conducive environmental conditions for sustainability and productivity, it is critically important that
development of the fishery sector should take into account the ramifications of climate change, including
sea level rise, and take steps to strategically adopt appropriate adaptation measures to ensure the
continued sustainability of the fishery industry.
There are about 45 major estuaries and 89 lagoons along the island’s coastline that are also important
components of the coastal fishery. While much of the current fish production is from the coastal subsector, the fishery potential in the offshore/deep sea and international waters, and inland fisheries and
aquaculture, is increasingly recognized as important for enhancing the total fishery production in the
future. Sri Lanka’s inland surface waters, including freshwater bodies, perennial reservoirs, seasonal tanks
and villus, which cover about 520,000 ha, offer considerable potential for the inland freshwater fishery.
Opportunities also exist for brackish water aquaculture in a total extent of around 6,000 ha.
The potential risks of sea level rise on fisheries includes the loss or change of coastal habitats and species
distribution. For example, landward migration of coastal wetlands would result in the loss of freshwater
and brackish water habitats (such as mangroves and coral reefs) important for the coastal and marine
fishery. Loss of beach areas will affect coastal communities such as those dependent on beach seine
fishery due to beach accessibility issues. Sea level rise should be taken into account in the construction
of new fishery harbours - several anchorages and 14 more fishery harbours are to be constructed
according to national development plans, which may be adversely affected by storm surges, flooding and
inundation due to sea level rise.
The possible impacts of changes in rainfall regimes and prolonged drought on fisheries can have varied
implications affecting mainly inland fisheries. It is expected that in the Dry and Arid Zones, this would
lead to increased evaporation which would impact the inland fishery including lowered yields in
seasonal tanks. On the other hand, flooding will affect inland aquaculture and capture fishery due to
pollution, sedimentation and any adverse changes in water quality parameters of surface water bodies.
These would all have serious implications on rural nutrition and incomes for dependent communities.
Increase in temperatures will also have significant implications on coastal, marine and inland fisheries
as well as on aquaculture. Coastal habitats, such as coral reefs, seagrass beds and mangroves, which
support fisheries will be affected and in turn will affect the distribution and composition of marine and
coastal species affecting fish stocks. Inland wetlands important for the food fishery may be adversely
affected by temperature anomalies with resultant changes in water quality that for example could cause
fish kills. More details on the impacts and already existing anthropogenic factors that can exacerbate the
problems associated with climate change can be found in the SVP on Agriculture and Fisheries.
119
Fisheries
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Inland and Brackish Water Fishery Sector Vulnerability to Drought Exposure
The indicators used for the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index are:
The Sensitivity Index
The Adaptive Capacity Index
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 =R_PR[aNTR\SRZ]Y\fZR[aV[·`UR_VR`dVaUV[
4;QVcV`V\[`dVaU[\P\N`aNYS_\[aNTR
 .cR_NTRV[YN[QO_NPXV`UdNaR_·`UR_VR`fVRYQ
over the last four years
 N_RN\SdNaR_O\QVR`aN[X`YNXR`YNT\\[`
mangroves)
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 ]R_PR[aNTR\S]\]bYNaV\[NO\cRaUR]\cR_afYV[R
 ]R_PR[aNTR\S]\]bYNaV\[dU\UNcRP\Z]YRaRQ
`RP\[QN_fRQbPNaV\[
Raw data sources: Population & Housing Census, 2001; Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
Some of the key findings include:
 Vulnerability to drought exposure in the inland and brackish water fishery sector is widespread,
particularly in the Dry and Intermediate zones.
 All 5 DSDs that fall within the highly vulnerable category in this regard are in the Puttalam District.
These 5 DSDs have:
R
R
104,162 ac of lagoons and 7,101 ac of tanks.
9,453 people employed in the inland fishery.
 23 additional DSDs fall within the moderately vulnerable category. These DSDs have:
R
R
18,142 ac of lagoons and 106,102 ac of tanks.
6,597 people employed in inland fisheries.
 With 5 DSDs as highly vulnerable, and another 5 DSDs within the moderately vulnerable category,
Puttalam is clearly the district most vulnerable to drought exposure with regard to the inland/brackish
water fishery.
120
121
Fisheries
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Inland and Brackish Water Fishery Sector Vulnerability to Drought Exposure
High Vulnerability
Moderate Vulnerability
Rank District Name DSD Name
Low Vulnerability
Minimal Vulnerability
Physical Characteristics
Area
(Sq. km)a
Demographics
Total
Population
No. of
Urban
Rural
Estate
%
%
Populationb Density Households Population Population Population in Poverty Completed
b
b
b
b
c
(Per Sq. km)a
Secondary
Educationa
1
2
3
4
5
Puttalam
Puttalam
Puttalam
Puttalam
Puttalam
Kalpitiya
Vanathavilluwa
Arachchikattuwa
Mundalama
Anamaduwa
158.7548
736.5317
162.6380
241.4497
259.0095
81780
16460
38092
56294
33302
515
22
234
233
129
18185
4024
9912
13534
9039
0
0
0
0
0
81627
16410
37402
56294
33302
153
50
690
0
0
45.34
40.31
21.82
41.08
16.77
13.63
12.25
16.64
14.73
22.53
6
7
8
9
10
Anuradhapura
Puttalam
Puttalam
Hambantota
Puttalam
21146
20225
71091
64361
87
40
398
305
5452
5550
15898
15334
0
0
41761
0
21146
20225
29330
63426
0
0
0
935
34.33
23.77
25.08
33.30
14.43
14.80
21.59
21.36
11
12
13
14
15
16
Moneragala
Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura
Polonnaruwa
Puttalam
Anuradhapura
16905
47438
31604
29642
57899
59890
96
45
104
35
102
640
4686
10808
8230
7578
15189
14448
0
0
0
0
0
23533
16905
47438
31592
29642
57899
36357
0
0
12
0
0
0
28.65
51.80
20.57
24.95
13.37
20.11
15.18
13.52
19.54
14.78
14.73
21.74
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Anuradhapura
Puttalam
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Kurunegala
Moneragala
Hambantota
Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura
Hambantota
Anuradhapura
Hambantota
Padaviya
242.5157
Karuwalagaswewa 503.9380
Puttalam
178.4049
Ambalantota
211.3413
Mahakumbuk
kadawala
175.8432
Siyambalanduwa 1065.6754
Rambewa
303.6555
Horowpothana
845.8179
Medirigiriya
570.3679
Chilaw
93.6034
Nuwaragam
Palatha Central
389.4952
Medawachchiya
492.1070
Nawagattegama
171.9949
Kuliyapitiya West
163.9366
Maha Vilachchiya 624.8276
Polpithigama
417.5552
Thanamalwila
661.4470
Tissamaharama
783.8008
Kebithigollewa
611.9821
Kahatagasdigiliya
366.6055
Hambantota
338.9857
Nochchiyagama
843.5736
Lunugamvehera
300.3473
53665
40469
12956
71483
18557
67263
23172
60982
19457
33572
46757
41601
25226
138
82
75
436
30
161
35
78
32
92
138
49
84
13055
10338
3519
18666
4630
18926
5893
14829
4903
8619
10945
11239
6922
11598
0
0
6290
0
0
0
0
0
0
11134
0
0
42067
40469
12956
65102
18557
67263
23172
60486
19457
33572
35623
41601
25226
0
0
0
91
0
0
0
496
0
0
0
0
0
20.14
21.34
26.44
16.62
31.16
30.00
35.80
32.20
27.74
19.63
31.30
16.98
33.50
20.32
24.09
13.19
32.77
17.85
18.13
14.18
22.31
18.03
20.03
23.32
19.61
17.85
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Moneragala
Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Hambantota
Kurunegala
Ampara
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Thalawa
Palagala
Galenbidunuwawe
Ganewatta
Galgamuwa
Panduwasnuwara
Galnewa
Thirappane
Kobeigane
Ibbagamuwa
Ipalogama
Wellawaya
Thambuttegama
Mihintale
Giribawa
Bingiriya
Mahawa
Tangalle
Nikaweratiya
Padiyathalawa
Rideegama
Rasnayakapura
Wariyapola
50919
29837
40888
36812
47844
69888
30344
23378
32230
76344
32933
50768
36524
26786
28093
55763
50576
62800
36370
15971
80473
18814
56880
231
131
142
250
175
323
216
84
246
348
231
87
328
114
136
286
194
412
239
41
362
149
282
13375
8196
10454
9830
12759
18130
8165
6143
8581
19589
8730
12698
9448
6657
7831
15223
13674
14981
9549
3642
21118
5071
15207
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1523
0
0
0
10437
0
0
0
0
0
50919
29837
40888
36770
47844
69888
30344
23378
32230
75913
31992
50768
36524
25263
28093
55613
50576
52363
36370
15971
78808
18678
56832
0
0
0
42
0
0
0
0
0
431
941
0
0
0
0
150
0
0
0
0
1665
136
48
19.44
23.83
18.56
23.20
25.70
18.90
18.46
18.59
19.10
24.30
17.41
24.90
19.05
18.97
24.00
16.80
20.90
27.10
19.40
22.25
21.98
21.42
22.57
22.00
28.69
20.55
23.27
24.70
26.50
25.86
17.79
22.52
29.03
19.56
24.53
21.83
30.04
24.93
11.66
26.28
20.46
29.42
122
220.5999
226.9676
288.1528
147.1195
273.2962
216.0387
140.2283
278.9562
130.8780
219.4878
142.4270
585.9537
111.4855
234.9169
207.1489
195.2943
260.6953
152.5016
152.4124
386.8510
222.5431
125.8909
201.7589
32.76
23.00
18.90
Sector Specific Data
Lagoons
(Acres)a
DSD Name
#
Employed
in Inland
Fishinga
Inland
Fishing
as % of
Total
Jobsa
Tanks
(Acres)a
5623
693
1436
1681
20
24.40
13.27
11.51
10.57
0.17
59800.1
43076.8
48.5
1237.1
0.0
23.4
443.4
2281.8
553.6
3798.8
340.8
0.0
61.1
7447.4
0.0
236
111
1159
362
0
3.52
1.35
6.36
1.77
0.00
0.0
0.0
14914.6
1876.5
0.0
7415.9
3404.1
560.4
2815.5
2941.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
42
0
60
219
2670
51
0.25
0.00
0.57
0.88
13.83
0.25
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3940.8
6527.9
9506.9
7293.5
1523.7
7349.5
34.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
1795.9
0.0
13
35
23
79
41
52
619
23
0
596
0
206
0.08
0.69
0.09
1.05
0.15
0.58
3.20
0.30
0.00
3.96
0.00
2.48
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
474.2
0.0
0.0
731.6
0.0
144.9
9013.2
1349.9
575.6
4035.2
3204.3
4405.1
3758.5
5645.4
8923.7
2569.5
7762.0
1580.1
70
63
64
0
152
0
20
49
7
72
102
45
150
84
91
28
13
969
60
77
13
8
6
0.35
0.52
0.37
0.00
0.93
0.00
0.16
0.50
0.06
0.25
0.85
0.23
0.97
0.93
0.81
0.15
0.06
4.92
0.45
1.31
0.05
0.13
0.03
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1017.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4712.6
3581.2
7553.6
738.9
6161.6
2951.9
1869.1
6188.8
1484.1
1820.3
2344.9
1353.3
1406.8
6914.8
4217.2
1453.0
3776.4
707.5
2839.4
136.9
119.6
1536.2
2054.2
Rank
Lakes
and
Reservoirs
(Acres)a
Kalpitiya
Vanathavilluwa
Arachchikattuwa
Mundalama
Anamaduwa
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0.0
660.0
0.0
0.0
958.5
5411.9
57.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Padaviya
Karuwalagaswewa
Puttalam
Ambalantota
Mahakumbuk
kadawala
Siyambalanduwa
Rambewa
Horowpothana
Medirigiriya
Chilaw
Nuwaragam Palatha
Central
Medawachchiya
Nawagattegama
Kuliyapitiya West
Maha Vilachchiya
Polpithigama
Thanamalwila
Tissamaharama
Kebithigollewa
Kahatagasdigiliya
Hambantota
Nochchiyagama
Lunugamvehera
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1405.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3516.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
Thalawa
Palagala
Galenbidunuwawe
Ganewatta
Galgamuwa
Panduwasnuwara
Galnewa
Thirappane
Kobeigane
Ibbagamuwa
Ipalogama
Wellawaya
Thambuttegama
Mihintale
Giribawa
Bingiriya
Mahawa
Tangalle
Nikaweratiya
Padiyathalawa
Rideegama
Rasnayakapura
Wariyapola
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
10
11
12
13
14
15
123
Fisheries
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Rank District Name
DSD Name
Area
(Sq. km)a
Physical Characteristics
Demographics
Total
Population
No. of
Urban
Rural
Estate
%
%
Populationb Density Households Population Population Population in Poverty Completed
b
b
b
b
c
(Per Sq. km)a
Secondary
Educationa
52 Kurunegala
53 Kurunegala
Kotawehera
Ambanpola
182.1192
142.5265
19273
19964
106
140
5323
5488
0
0
19273
19964
0
0
21.70
23.10
26.07
23.46
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
Buttala
Sewanagala
Pannala
Polgahawela
Kuliyapitiya East
Narammala
Mawathagama
Udubaddawa
Mallawapitiya
Nuwaragam
Palatha East
Kurunegala
Weerambugedara
735.5660
191.9569
284.9191
97.3861
113.2748
108.3197
109.6233
117.5985
79.9307
47324
36820
114438
58762
46966
51244
56820
48800
46575
64
192
402
603
415
473
518
415
583
11843
9221
29467
14506
11728
13092
14191
12669
11574
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
47324
35739
113726
57940
46839
51244
55013
48742
46240
0
1081
712
822
127
0
1807
58
335
21.20
19.30
17.80
22.91
20.32
21.40
24.92
17.70
19.50
22.01
20.35
31.16
35.64
27.57
33.36
33.95
29.43
33.19
90.6614
111.0680
91.3110
65671
88944
30311
724
801
332
14504
20292
8085
40030
28401
0
25641
60369
30311
0
174
0
11.97
14.70
20.11
44.47
44.87
39.05
Moneragala
Moneragala
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
64 Kurunegala
65 Kurunegala
124
#
Employed
in Inland
Fishing a
Inland
Fishing
as % of
Total
Jobs a
Sector Specific Data
Lagoons
Tanks
(Acres) a
(Acres) a
DSD Name
Rank
Kotawehera
Ambanpola
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
Lakes
and
Reservoirs
(Acres) a
25
45
0.32
0.59
0.0
0.0
2882.1
2193.9
1137.6
1715.0
3
51
0
7
3
31
0
0
0
102
0.02
0.38
0.00
0.04
0.02
0.17
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.41
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
455.8
2112.7
224.3
35.8
922.9
65.1
86.0
93.2
224.2
3592.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
18
0.06
0.0
289.9
0.0
Buttala
Sewanagala
Pannala
Polgahawela
Kuliyapitiya East
Narammala
Mawathagama
Udubaddawa
Mallawapitiya
Nuwaragam Palatha
East
Kurunegala
0
0.00
0.0
89.8
0.0
Weerambugedara
125
Fisheries
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Inland and Brackish Water Fishery Sector Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise Exposure
The indicators used for the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index are:
The Sensitivity Index
The Adaptive Capacity Index
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 =R_PR[aNTR\SRZ]Y\fZR[aV[·`UR_VR`dVaUV[4;
QVcV`V\[`dVaU[\P\N`aNYS_\[aNTR
 .cR_NTRV[YN[QO_NPXV`UdNaR_·`UR_VR`fVRYQ\cR_aUR
last four years
 N_RN\SdNaR_O\QVR`aN[X`YNXR`YNT\\[`ZN[T_\cR`
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 ]R_PR[aNTR\S]\]bYNaV\[NO\cRaUR]\cR_afYV[R
 ]R_PR[aNTR\S]\]bYNaV\[dU\UNcRP\Z]YRaRQ
`RP\[QN_fRQbPNaV\[
Raw data sources: Population & Housing Census, 2001; Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
Some of the key findings include:
 Vulnerability to sea level rise exposure of the inland and brackish water fishery sector is highest
primarily in the Puttalam District, with a pocket of low vulnerably in the Hambantota District.
 All 4 DSDs that are either highly or moderately vulnerable in this regard are in the Puttalam District.
These 4 DSDs have:
R
R
126
76,000 ac of lagoons.
9,899 people employed in the inland/brackish water fishery sector.
127
Fisheries
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Inland and Brackish Water Fishery Sector Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise Exposure
High Vulnerability
Moderate Vulnerability
Rank District Name DSD Name
Low Vulnerability
Minimal Vulnerability
Physical Characteristics
Area
(Sq. km)a
Demographics
Total
Population
No. of
Urban
Rural
Estate
%
%
Populationb Density Households Population Population Population in Poverty Completed
b
b
b
b
c
(Per Sq. km)a
Secondary
Educationa
1
Puttalam
Kalpitiya
158.7548
81780
515
18185
0
81627
153
45.34
13.63
2
3
4
Puttalam
Puttalam
Puttalam
Mundalama
Puttalam
Arachchikattuwa
241.4497
178.4049
162.6380
56294
71091
38092
233
398
234
13534
15898
9912
0
41761
0
56294
29330
37402
0
0
690
41.08
25.08
21.82
14.73
21.59
16.64
5
6
Hambantota
Hambantota
Hambantota
Ambalantota
338.9857
211.3413
46757
64361
138
305
10945
15334
11134
0
35623
63426
0
935
31.30
33.30
23.32
21.36
7
8
9
10
11
Ampara
Hambantota
Ampara
Gampaha
Ampara
Karativu
Tangalle
Ninthavur
Negombo
Kalmunai
8.9392
152.5016
36.3016
46.1424
19.6568
16365
62800
24625
144274
70465
1831
412
678
3127
3585
3641
14981
6235
31915
15821
0
10437
0
121413
70465
16365
52363
24625
22861
0
0
0
0
0
0
128
27.10
7.10
28.99
30.04
22.78
30.04
28.44
Sector Specific Data
#
Employed
in Inland
Fishinga
Inland
Fishing
as % of
Total
Jobsa
Lagoons
(Acres)a
DSD Name
Tanks
(Acres)a
Rank
Lakes
and
Reservoirs
(Acres)a
5623
24.40
59800.1
23.4
340.8
1681
1159
1436
10.57
6.36
11.51
1237.1
14914.6
48.5
553.6
560.4
2281.8
7447.4
0.0
61.1
Kalpitiya
1
Mundalama
Puttalam
Arachchikattuwa
2
3
4
596
362
3.96
1.77
731.6
1876.5
2569.5
2815.5
0.0
0.0
Hambantota
Ambalantota
5
6
477
969
122
3252
303
11.13
4.92
2.15
6.95
1.94
110.8
1017.2
95.2
4235.2
396.8
4.0
707.5
0.0
0.0
975.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Karativu
Tangalle
Ninthavur
Negombo
Kalmunai
7
8
9
10
11
129
Fisheries
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Marine Fishery Sector Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise Exposure
The indicators used for the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index are:
The Sensitivity Index
The Adaptive Capacity Index
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 [bZOR_\S·`UR_VR`YN[QV[T`VaR`
 ]R_PR[aNTR\SYVcRYVU\\Q`QR]R[QR[a\[·`UR_VR`
 NcR_NTR·`UV[TfVRYQ\cR_aURYN`aS\b_fRN_`
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 ]R_PR[aNTR\S]\]bYNaV\[NO\cRaUR]\cR_afYV[R
 ]R_PR[aNTR\S]\]bYNaV\[dU\UNcRP\Z]YRaRQ
`RP\[QN_fRQbPNaV\[
 ]R_PR[aNTRRZ]Y\fRQV[`RPa\_`\aUR_aUN[·`UR_VR`
Raw data sources: Population & Housing Census, 2001; Department of Coast Conservation; Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic
Resources
Some of the key findings include:
 Kalpitiya (Puttalam District) emerges as the DSD that is highly vulnerable to sea level rise exposure in
this regard. Kalpitiya has:
R 5,938 jobs in the fisheries sector, which is more than 25% of its total employment.
R 43 fisheries landing sites.
 An additional 5 DSDs are moderately vulnerable. These DSDs have:
R
R
130
10,408 jobs in fisheries.
115 fisheries landing sites.
131
Fisheries
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Marine Fishery Sector Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise Exposure
High Vulnerability
Moderate Vulnerability
Rank District Name DSD Name
Low Vulnerability
Minimal Vulnerability
Physical Characteristics
Area
(Sq. km)a
Demographics
Total
Population
No. of
Urban
Rural
Estate
%
%
Populationb Density Households Population Population Population in Poverty Completed
b
b
b
b
c
(Per Sq. km)a
Secondary
Educationa
1
Puttalam
Kalpitiya
158.7548
81780
515
18185
0
81627
153
45.34
13.63
2
3
4
5
6
Puttalam
Gampaha
Matara
Puttalam
Matara
Mundalama
Negombo
Devinuwara
Puttalam
Weligama
241.4497
46.1424
37.6183
178.4049
43.1469
56294
144274
44199
71091
66459
233
3127
1175
398
1540
13534
31915
9988
15898
14825
0
121413
0
41761
21698
56294
22861
44199
29330
44761
0
0
0
0
0
41.08
7.10
20.90
25.08
21.50
14.73
30.04
26.80
21.59
30.48
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Puttalam
Hambantota
Hambantota
Matara
Galle
Galle
Ampara
Kalutara
Ampara
Hambantota
Arachchikattuwa
Tangalle
Hambantota
Dickwella
Habaraduwa
Hikkaduwa
Karativu
Beruwala
Kalmunai
Ambalantota
162.6380
152.5016
338.9857
50.9687
49.5183
66.0971
8.9392
71.6785
19.6568
211.3413
38092
62800
46757
51314
59041
98589
16365
144733
70465
64361
234
412
138
1007
1192
1492
1831
2019
3585
305
9912
14981
10945
11592
13567
22820
3641
29635
15821
15334
0
10437
11134
0
0
0
0
33096
70465
0
37402
52363
35623
51314
59041
98539
16365
111637
0
63426
690
0
0
0
0
50
0
0
0
935
21.82
27.10
31.30
22.70
28.70
24.90
16.64
30.04
23.32
31.87
29.53
33.61
28.99
28.20
28.44
21.36
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Galle
Galle
Ampara
Galle
Matara
Gampaha
Kalutara
Galle
Ampara
Kalutara
Balapitiya
Galle Four Gravets
Ninthavur
Ambalangoda
Matara
Wattala
Kaluthara
Bentota
Akkaraipattu
Panadura
54.5727
23.7565
36.3016
70.2467
56.1514
57.6911
77.6779
72.3358
60.4089
45.0310
65346
103246
24625
71047
108238
160127
141829
46442
34939
163492
1197
4346
678
1011
1928
2776
1826
642
578
3631
15054
19425
6235
17122
23705
36368
31857
11015
7649
37245
0
90270
0
39302
42663
28740
37451
0
0
33514
65346
12976
24625
51396
65575
131387
104378
46442
34939
129978
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
22.00
19.30
132
22.10
33.30
20.30
16.90
6.10
12.50
22.30
7.40
27.89
39.96
22.78
32.73
42.45
40.21
38.35
31.14
26.00
40.07
Sector Specific Data
No. of
Landing
Sitesh
Total
Employed
Popb
Fishery
Sector
Jobsb
DSD Name
#
Emplyed
in
Marine
Fishinga
Rank
% of
Marine
Fishing
from Total
Jobsa
43
23049
5995
5938
25.76
Kalpitiya
1
9
84
7
6
9
15911
46825
11666
18228
17734
2809
6752
2124
1159
1987
1969
4295
1702
1057
1385
12.38
9.17
14.59
5.80
7.81
Mundalama
Negombo
Devinuwara
Puttalam
Weligama
2
3
4
5
6
5
25
11
9
33
25
19
15
31
5
12471
19678
15041
13250
18237
26796
4287
41163
15649
20478
1436
2365
906
1249
521
1554
519
1476
1072
449
711
1823
727
1033
326
1091
379
972
781
295
5.70
9.26
4.83
7.80
1.79
4.07
8.84
2.36
4.99
1.44
Arachchikattuwa
Tangalle
Hambantota
Dickwella
Habaraduwa
Hikkaduwa
Karativu
Beruwala
Kalmunai
Ambalantota
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
16
7
6
4
4
21
10
7
4
12
17683
29596
5674
20528
31072
57168
44308
13339
9026
55126
646
416
340
419
395
1013
698
78
117
368
448
326
292
280
275
676
591
54
83
238
2.53
1.10
5.15
1.36
0.89
1.18
1.33
0.40
0.92
0.43
Balapitiya
Galle Four Gravets
Ninthavur
Ambalangoda
Matara
Wattala
Kaluthara
Bentota
Akkaraipattu
Panadura
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
133
Fisheries
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
134
Livestock
Livestock is an important component of the agricultural sector in Sri Lanka. At present there are about
1,136,860 neat cattle, 371,790 buffalo, 377,460 goats, 8,000 sheep, 81,310 pigs, 13,615,290 chickens
and 15,244 ducks country wide. Most of the livestock comprise imported high yielding breeds promoted
to address the increase in livestock production. Sri Lanka also has several local breeds that are well
adapted to the local environment and harsh conditions, but are relatively low yielding. The livestock
sector is potentially at risk from the impacts of climate change due to its vulnerability to floods, droughts
and sea level rise due to the geographic distribution of the different types of livestock in the country.
Increase in the intensity and frequency of water related disasters such as floods and landslides will
adversely affect livestock production in areas that are naturally prone to these disasters. This will
adversely affect the dependent farming communities and also affect the nutritional security of the
country. Sea level rise and storm surges could affect livestock situated along the coastal belt of the
country due to flooding and face issues of water accessibility due to saline intrusion. Increase in
temperature and prolonged drought situations will give rise to increased heat stress for livestock thereby
affecting their production levels. This will further increase water requirements during drought conditions
as well.
135
Livestock
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Livestock Sector Vulnerability to Drought Exposure
The indicators used for the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index are:
The Sensitivity Index
The Adaptive Capacity Index
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 [bZOR_\SYN[QU\YQV[T`dVaUPNaaYRObSSNY\
 [bZOR_\SYN[QU\YQV[T`dVaUT\Na`N[Q`dV[R
 [bZOR_\S]\bYa_f[bZOR_\SOV_Q`
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 ]R_PR[aNTR\S]\]bYNaV\[RZ]Y\fRQV[NT_VPbYab_RdU\
UNcRP\Z]YRaRQ`RP\[QN_fRQbPNaV\[
 [bZOR_\SYN[QU\YQV[T`)NP_R
 \SSRZNYR`dVaURQbPNaV\[NO\cR4_NQR"
(from among the population employed in agriculture)
 =R_PR[aNTR\SU\b`RU\YQ`dVaUNT_VPbYab_RN`
primary source of income.
Raw data sources: Census of Agriculture 2002, Department of Census and Statistics
Some of the key findings include:
 10 DSDs emerge as highly vulnerable to drought exposure. These DSDs have:
R 127,350 heads of cattle and buffalo, and 47,085 heads of goats and swine.
R Over 2.5 million heads of poultry.
 12 additional DSDs emerge as moderately vulnerable. These DSDs have:
R
R
136
146,811 heads of cattle and buffalo, and 70,878 heads of goats and swine.
Over a million heads of poultry.
137
Livestock
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Livestock Sector Vulnerability to Drought Exposure
High Vulnerability
Moderate Vulnerability
Rank District Name DSD Name
Low Vulnerability
Minimal Vulnerability
Physical Characteristics
Area
(Sq. km)a
Demographics
Total
Population
No. of
Urban
Rural
Estate
%
%
Populationb Density Households Population Population Population in Poverty Completed
b
b
b
b
c
(Per Sq. km)a
Secondary
Educationa
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Kurunegala
Puttalam
Batticaloa
Kurunegala
Puttalam
Kurunegala
Rathnapura
Kilinochchi
Anuradhapura
Hambantota
Panduwasnuwara
Anamaduwa
Eravur Pattu
Kuliyapitiya West
Arachchikattuwa
Bingiriya
Embilipitiya
Karachchi
Rambewa
Suriyawewa
216.0387
259.0095
69888
33302
323
129
18130
9039
0
0
69888
33302
0
0
18.90
16.77
28.69
22.53
163.9366
162.6380
195.2943
383.4799
71483
38092
55763
119563
436
234
286
312
18666
9912
15223
29126
6290
0
0
0
65102
37402
55613
119490
91
690
150
73
16.62
21.82
16.80
31.60
32.77
16.64
24.53
21.16
303.6555
189.7447
31604
35529
104
187
8230
9031
0
0
31592
35529
12
0
20.57
34.80
19.54
17.37
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Hambantota
Hambantota
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Kurunegala
Nuwara Eliya
Kurunegala
Polonnaruwa
Hambantota
Moneragala
Polpithigama
Kobeigane
Ambalantota
Tissamaharama
Wariyapola
Padaviya
Ibbagamuwa
Ambagamuwa
Galgamuwa
Medirigiriya
Hambantota
Siyambalanduwa
417.5552
130.8780
211.3413
783.8008
201.7589
242.5157
219.4878
487.9105
273.2962
570.3679
338.9857
1065.6754
67263
32230
64361
60982
56880
21146
76344
203717
47844
57899
46757
47438
161
246
305
78
282
87
348
418
175
102
138
45
18926
8581
15334
14829
15207
5452
19589
47145
12759
15189
10945
10808
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14204
0
0
11134
0
67263
32230
63426
60486
56832
21146
75913
47474
47844
57899
35623
47438
0
0
935
496
48
0
431
142039
0
0
0
0
30.00
19.10
33.30
32.20
18.90
34.33
24.30
22.90
25.70
13.37
31.30
51.80
18.13
24.70
21.36
22.31
29.42
14.43
26.50
16.74
22.00
14.73
23.32
13.52
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Kurunegala
Badulla
Kilinochchi
Moneragala
Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura
Kurunegala
Puttalam
Anuradhapura
147.1195
598.4674
36812
67301
250
112
9830
16499
0
0
36770
67301
42
0
23.20
38.57
22.57
20.02
661.4470
492.1070
845.8179
284.9191
178.4049
23172
40469
29642
114438
71091
35
82
35
402
398
5893
10338
7578
29467
15898
0
0
0
0
41761
23172
40469
29642
113726
29330
0
0
0
712
0
35.80
21.34
24.95
17.80
25.08
14.18
24.09
14.78
31.16
21.59
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
Moneragala
Puttalam
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Hambantota
Badulla
Kurunegala
Puttalam
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Puttalam
389.4952
585.9537
503.9380
152.4124
366.6055
300.3473
438.2808
260.6953
158.7548
207.1489
182.1192
53665
50768
20225
36370
33572
25226
45759
50576
81780
28093
19273
138
87
40
239
92
84
104
194
515
136
106
13055
12698
5550
9549
8619
6922
10681
13674
18185
7831
5323
11598
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
42067
50768
20225
36370
33572
25226
45582
50576
81627
28093
19273
0
0
0
0
0
0
177
0
153
0
0
20.14
24.90
23.77
19.40
19.63
33.50
51.15
20.90
45.34
24.00
21.70
20.32
17.79
14.80
24.93
20.03
17.85
14.89
21.83
13.63
19.56
26.07
43
44
45
46
47
Puttalam
Hambantota
Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura
Ganewatta
Mahiyanganaya
Poonakary
Thanamalwila
Medawachchiya
Horowpothana
Pannala
Puttalam
Nuwaragam
Palatha Central
Wellawaya
Karuwalagaswewa
Nikaweratiya
Kahatagasdigiliya
Lunugamvehera
Rideemaliyadda
Mahawa
Kalpitiya
Giribawa
Kotawehera
Mahakumbuk
kadawala
Mundalama
Angunukolapeles
Galenbidunuwawe
Nochchiyagama
Thalawa
175.8432
241.4497
174.0781
288.1528
843.5736
220.5999
16905
56294
42426
40888
41601
50919
96
233
244
142
49
231
4686
13534
10394
10454
11239
13375
0
0
0
0
0
0
16905
56294
42426
40888
41601
50919
0
0
0
0
0
0
28.65
41.08
33.00
18.56
16.98
19.44
15.18
14.73
16.83
21.42
19.61
22.25
48
49
50
51
Kurunegala
Kurunegala
Puttalam
Kurunegala
Rideegama
Rasnayakapura
Nawagattegama
Udubaddawa
222.5431
125.8909
171.9949
117.5985
80473
18814
12956
48800
362
149
75
415
21118
5071
3519
12669
0
0
0
0
78808
18678
12956
48742
1665
136
0
58
32.76
23.00
26.44
17.70
26.28
20.46
13.19
29.43
138
Sector Specific Data
Total
Heads of
poultryd
DSD Name
Rank
No. of
Cattle &
Buffalod
No. of
Goats &
Swined
Livestock
Landholdings
<= 1/4 Acred
10183
13020
26965
7508
7027
11497
8283
20023
13208
9636
1677
4028
7220
1566
5834
6210
664
11685
4544
3657
756263
92835
31213
320962
316964
544377
14844
116560
374983
5888
8155
558
21357
4757
9631
1336
626
13620
1435
94
Panduwasnuwara
Anamaduwa
Eravur Pattu
Kuliyapitiya West
Arachchikattuwa
Bingiriya
Embilipitiya
Karachchi
Rambewa
Suriyawewa
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
18510
7248
12228
15496
11027
9729
14330
5462
13267
8149
9467
21898
2326
1697
2475
1748
1527
1034
51301
4143
1473
3000
154
36935
410247
8229
17281
261608
10264
105528
51301
33750
21600
48344
11075
1708
764
523
772
904
17
6353
2043
1282
1035
3017
82
Polpithigama
Kobeigane
Ambalantota
Tissamaharama
Wariyapola
Padaviya
Ibbagamuwa
Ambagamuwa
Galgamuwa
Medirigiriya
Hambantota
Siyambalanduwa
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
2122
2202
14645
36
410
180
10597
20167
1479
Ganewatta
Mahiyanganaya
Poonakary
Thanamalwila
Medawachchiya
Horowpothana
Pannala
Puttalam
Nuwaragam Palatha
Central
Wellawaya
Karuwalagaswewa
Nikaweratiya
Kahatagasdigiliya
Lunugamvehera
Rideemaliyadda
Mahawa
Kalpitiya
Giribawa
Kotawehera
Mahakumbuk
kadawala
Mundalama
Angunukolapeles
Galenbidunuwawe
Nochchiyagama
Thalawa
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Rideegama
Rasnayakapura
Nawagattegama
Udubaddawa
48
49
50
51
10328
20146
9984
9513
10546
18436
12701
2929
9675
829
1949
5471
278
3058
2080
3897
3814
32299
37354
25771
3096
19473
11983
235613
111976
47370
11990
10004
8999
14464
8446
14068
13584
2233
8742
13914
9162
584
2396
1821
3204
2170
1529
2343
9866
4851
3545
4465
24645
9621
129735
44905
26068
28618
87952
47450
10267
91880
111609
222
167
857
352
169
2708
1512
20368
520
15
189
7527
10270
15440
10133
7820
5589
152
2788
4456
2680
73888
3632
11197
12719
109810
16914
148
80
760
2859
11496
7523
6984
6675
2282
2827
2954
4195
62409
67476
18966
462428
5935
1002
235
5275
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
139
Livestock
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Rank District Name
DSD Name
Area
(Sq. km)a
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
Moneragala
Anuradhapura
Moneragala
Anuradhapura
Kurunegala
Badulla
Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura
Puttalam
Kurunegala
140
Medagama
Maha Vilachchiya
Madulla
Palagala
Ambanpola
Uva Paranagama
Thirappane
Kebithigollewa
Galnewa
Mihintale
Chilaw
Kuliyapitiya East
241.1373
624.8276
722.5206
226.9676
142.5265
137.2816
278.9562
611.9821
140.2283
234.9169
93.6034
113.2748
Physical Characteristics
Demographics
Total
Population
No. of
Urban
Rural
Estate
%
%
Populationb Density Households Population Population Population in Poverty Completed
b
b
b
b
c
(Per Sq. km)a
Secondary
Educationa
32467
18557
28358
29837
19964
76524
23378
19457
30344
26786
59890
46966
135
30
39
131
140
557
84
32
216
114
640
415
7664
4630
6678
8196
5488
19213
6143
4903
8165
6657
14448
11728
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1523
23533
0
32467
18557
28358
29837
19964
65809
23378
19457
30344
25263
36357
46839
0
0
0
0
0
10715
0
0
0
0
0
127
30.20
31.16
40.70
23.83
23.10
33.35
18.59
27.74
18.46
18.97
20.11
20.32
14.89
17.85
19.44
21.98
23.46
19.52
23.27
18.03
20.55
29.03
21.74
27.57
Sector Specific Data
DSD Name
No. of
Cattle &
Buffalod
No. of
Goats &
Swined
Total
Heads of
Poultryd
Livestock
Landholdings
<= 1/4 acred
10721
7911
10591
8018
7523
7290
9480
6897
5703
8201
4441
6236
1146
3403
425
1502
1466
1174
3528
557
1117
1845
2874
10281
5771
10320
71800
69731
19973
16612
42200
68576
9325
113164
78879
3032
111
628
918
393
5006
975
38
439
313
7344
6484
Medagama
Maha Vilachchiya
Madulla
Palagala
Ambanpola
Uva Paranagama
Thirappane
Kebithigollewa
Galnewa
Mihintale
Chilaw
Kuliyapitiya East
Rank
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
141
Livestock
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Livestock Sector Vulnerability to Flood Exposure
The indicators used for the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index are:
The Sensitivity Index
The Adaptive Capacity Index
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 a\aNYURNQ`\SPNaaYRObSSNY\
 a\aNYURNQ`\ST\Na`N[Q`dV[R
 [bZOR_\S]\bYa_f[bZOR_\SOV_Q`
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 ]R_PR[aNTR\S]\]bYNaV\[RZ]Y\fRQV[NT_VPbYab_R
dU\UNcRP\Z]YRaRQ`RP\[QN_fRQbPNaV\[
 [bZOR_\SYN[QU\YQV[T`)NP_R
 \SSRZNYR`dVaURQbPNaV\[NO\cR4_NQR"
(from among the population employed in agriculture)
 =R_PR[aNTR\SU\b`RU\YQ`dVaUNT_VPbYab_RN`]_VZN_f
source of income
Raw data sources: Census of Agriculture 2002, Department of Census and Statistics
Some of the key findings include:
 Vulnerability to flood exposure in the livestock sector is clustered primarily in the North and East.
 2 DSDs emerge as highly vulnerable and 4 more as moderately vulnerable to flood exposure. These
6 DSDs combined have:
R
R
142
83,826 heads of cattle and buffalo, and 41,906 heads of goats and swine.
Almost 285,127 heads of poultry.
143
Livestock
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Livestock Sector Vulnerability to Flood Exposure
High Vulnerability
Moderate Vulnerability
Rank District Name DSD Name
Area
(Sq. km)a
1
2
Kilinochchi
Batticaloa
Karachchi
Eravur Pattu
3
4
5
6
Polonnaruwa
Batticaloa
Batticaloa
Jaffna
Dimbulagala
552.3964
Koralai Pattu (Valach.)
Manmunai South - West
Kopay
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Gampaha
Kurunegala
Kalutara
Kilinochchi
Jaffna
Jaffna
Polonnaruwa
Batticaloa
Dompe
Udubaddawa
Bulathsinhala
Poonakary
Uduvil
Karaveddy
Elahera
Porativu Pattu
15
16
17
18
19
Puttalam
Matale
Hambantota
Puttalam
Kalutara
Mundalama
Dambulla
Ambalantota
Chilaw
Beruwala
144
Low Vulnerability
Minimal Vulnerability
Physical Characteristics
Demographics
Total
Population
No. of
Urban
Rural
Estate
%
%
Populationb Density Households Population Population Population in Poverty Completed
b
b
b
b
c
(Per Sq. km)a
Secondary
Educationa
63349
115
16757
0
63339
10
22.59
18.60
182.1586
117.5985
209.4387
130021
48800
59787
714
415
285
31962
12669
15611
0
0
0
130021
48742
53331
0
58
6456
21.10
17.70
27.40
31.48
29.43
22.09
353.1772
39908
113
10446
0
39908
0
18.45
17.46
241.4497
455.1342
211.3413
93.6034
71.6785
56294
60976
64361
59890
144733
233
134
305
640
2019
13534
15285
15334
14448
29635
0
0
0
23533
33096
56294
60959
63426
36357
111637
0
17
935
0
0
41.08
19.90
33.30
20.11
22.10
14.73
23.88
21.36
21.74
28.20
Sector Specific Data
DSD Name
Rank
No. of
Cattle &
Buffalod
No. of
Goats &
Swined
Total
Heads of
Poultryd
Livestock
Landholdings
<= 1/4 Acred
20023
26965
11685
7220
116560
31213
13620
21357
Karachchi
Eravur Pattu
1
2
16320
5667
7285
7566
4419
5459
2274
10849
21495
63700
10841
41328
878
19894
7373
28891
Dimbulagala
Koralai Pattu (Valach.)
Manmunai South - West
Kopay
3
4
5
6
7052
6675
3473
9984
3045
6173
8833
6579
2083
4195
482
5471
7213
8403
560
1854
249930
462428
283390
25771
56740
46167
59791
41771
8715
5275
1513
14645
33484
36780
729
5494
Dompe
Udubaddawa
Bulathsinhala
Poonakary
Uduvil
Karaveddy
Elahera
Porativu Pattu
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
7527
8874
12228
4441
1849
5589
1592
1697
2874
4114
73888
77151
8229
113164
312760
16914
889
523
7344
9387
Mundalama
Dambulla
Ambalantota
Chilaw
Beruwala
15
16
17
18
19
145
Livestock
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Livestock Sector Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise Exposure
The indicators used for the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index are:
The Sensitivity Index
The Adaptive Capacity Index
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 a\aNYURNQ`\SPNaaYRObSSNY\
 a\aNYURNQ`\ST\Na`N[Q`dV[R
 [bZOR_\S]\bYa_f[bZOR_\SOV_Q`
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 ]R_PR[aNTR\S]\]bYNaV\[RZ]Y\fRQV[NT_VPbYab_R
dU\UNcRP\Z]YRaRQ`RP\[QN_fRQbPNaV\[
 [bZOR_\SYN[QU\YQV[T`)NP_R
 \SSRZNYR`dVaURQbPNaV\[NO\cR4_NQR"
(from among the population employed in agriculture)
 =R_PR[aNTR\SU\b`RU\YQ`dVaUNT_VPbYab_RN`]_VZN_f
source of income
Raw data sources: Census of Agriculture 2002, Department of Census and Statistics
Some of the key findings include:
 Livestock sector vulnerability to sea level rise exposure appears to be generally low, and localized in
a very few areas.
 2 DSDs emerge as highly vulnerable in this regard, and 6 more as moderately vulnerable to sea level
rise exposure. These 8 DSDs combined have:
R
R
146
52,381 total heads of cattle and buffalo, and 41,241 total heads of goats and swine.
Slightly over 701,410 heads of poultry.
147
Livestock
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Livestock Sector Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise Exposure
High Vulnerability
Moderate Vulnerability
Rank District Name DSD Name
Low Vulnerability
Minimal Vulnerability
Physical Characteristics
Area
(Sq. km)a
Demographics
Total
Population
No. of
Urban
Rural
Estate
%
%
Populationb Density Households Population Population Population in Poverty Completed
b
b
b
b
c
(Per Sq. km)a
Secondary
Educationa
1
2
Puttalam
Kilinochchi
Kalpitiya
Poonakary
158.7548
81780
515
18185
0
81627
153
45.34
13.63
3
4
5
6
7
8
Batticaloa
Jaffna
Trincomalee
Puttalam
Puttalam
Hambantota
Koralai Pattu (Valach.)
Chavakachcheri
Muttur
Puttalam
178.4049
Arachchikattuwa
162.6380
Hambantota
338.9857
71091
38092
46757
398
234
138
15898
9912
10945
41761
0
11134
29330
37402
35623
0
690
0
25.08
21.82
31.30
21.59
16.64
23.32
9
10
11
12
Mulattivu
Mannar
Puttalam
Hambantota
Maritimepattu
Nanaddan
Mundalama
Ambalantota
241.4497
211.3413
56294
64361
233
305
13534
15334
0
0
56294
63426
0
935
41.08
33.30
14.73
21.36
71.6785
144733
2019
29635
33096
111637
0
22.10
28.20
13 Kalutara
148
Beruwala
Sector Specific Data
Total
Heads of
Poultryd
DSD Name
Rank
No. of
Cattle &
Buffalod
No. of
Goats &
Swined
Livestock
Landholdings
<= 1/4 Acred
2233
9984
9866
5471
47450
25771
20368
14645
Kalpitiya
Poonakary
1
2
5667
7478
7596
2929
7027
9467
5459
5618
2096
3897
5834
3000
63700
43461
43744
111976
316964
48344
19894
18221
28558
20167
9631
3017
Koralai Pattu (Valach.)
Chavakachcheri
Muttur
Puttalam
Arachchikattuwa
Hambantota
3
4
5
6
7
8
5956
8482
7527
12228
3045
1437
5589
1697
38855
30926
73888
8229
17099
6344
16914
523
Maritimepattu
Nanaddan
Mundalama
Ambalantota
9
10
11
12
1849
4114
312760
9387
Beruwala
13
149
Livestock
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
150
Health
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Health
Good health is a necessity for intellectual, physical and spiritual growth, and one of the driving forces
behind economic and social development of the country. Sri Lanka has one of the leading healthcare
systems among developing countries. However, with the looming presence of climate change, Sri Lanka’s
health sector will have to step up and play a pivotal role in assessing vulnerability and adapting to
respond to its potential impacts.
Climate change impacts are expected to be significant in the areas of vector borne diseases (essentially
mosquito borne), rodent borne diseases, food and water borne diseases, nutritional status, and other
environment related disorders. Mosquito vector borne diseases have emerged as a serious public health
problem in Sri Lanka, particularly dengue fever. Dengue is spreading rapidly to newer areas, with
outbreaks occurring more frequently and explosively. The prevailing climatic conditions, environmental
pollution, rapid urbanization, over-crowding of cities and careless human practices are proving
conducive for the rapid breeding of the mosquito vector and the spread of this infection. According to
data for 2009, Colombo still remains with the highest incidence rate for dengue followed by Trincomalee
and Matara districts. 2009 data showed an incidence rate of 1,420 per 100,000 population.
The main rodent borne disease in Sri Lanka is leptospirosis. This is the second major communicable
disease in the country, is currently on the rise, and is expected to further increase due to climate change.
The incidence rate for leptospirosis has been in the range of 14 to 20 cases per 100,000 population
barring epidemic years of 2003 (with 24/100,000) and 2008 (37/100,000). The main food and water
borne illnesses are typhoid, dysentery, cholera (not reported since 1993), diarrhoea, hepatitis A & B, and
polio. Of these, dysentery is the most prevalent in Sri Lanka though its incidence has been declining
since 2000. Incidence ranged from 14.2 to 59.8 cases per 100,000 population with the case fatality rate
being less than 1%, except in 2005 when it was 1.6%. Extreme conditions resulting from climate change
induced impacts (floods, land-slides and droughts) are expected to cause more water and food borne
diseases. The main vulnerabilities associated with climate change on the health sector are discussed in
detail in the Health SVP and is not detailed here as the mapping exercise did not take into account the
exposure indices for the health sectors for reasons described in the Methodology section of this book.
151
Vulnerability to Dengue
The indicators used for the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index are:
The Sensitivity Index
The Adaptive Capacity Index





.cR_NTRV[PVQR[PR_NaRS\_QR[TbRSRcR_!­%
P\Z]YRaRQ`RP\[QN_fRQbPNaV\[
NO\cR]\cR_afYV[R
\SU\`]VaNYORQ`
\SU\`]VaNY`
Raw data sources: Population and Housing Census, 2001; Department of Census and Statistics (2010); Epidemiology Unit;
Ministry of Health, provided for preparation of this report, 2010
Some of the key findings include:
 Matale, Kandy, Kalutara, Kegalle and Puttalam Districts show high vulnerability to dengue.
R They support a population of 4,660,000 of whom 9% are urban and 86% are rural.
R Combined, this area has 229 hospitals and 14,385 hospital beds.
 A further 4 Districts show moderate vulnerability to dengue.
R They support a population of 6,694,000 of whom 27% are urban and 75% are rural.
R Combined, this area has 202 hospitals and 22,231 hospital beds.
152
153
Health
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Vulnerability to Dengue
High Vulnerability
Moderate Vulnerability
Rank District Name
Low Vulnerability
Physical Characteristics
Minimal Vulnerability
Demographics
Area
%
Total
No. of
No. of
Total
Population Urbanb Ruralb Estateb
#
%
Pop. % in
(Sq. km)i Forest Extent House- Occupied Population Density
Completed Completed Below Poverty
Landl of Agri. holdsb Housing
2010 (Per Sq. km)Secondary SecondaryPoverty (HCI)c
(Acers)d
Unitsb
(‘000)i
2010a
Educationb Educationa Line
1
2
3
4
5
Puttalam
Kalutara
Matale
Kegalle
Kandy
3072
1598
1993
1693
1940
25
13
41
10
17
159647
141805
122391
149476
150007
176544
250939
110886
195853
299870
6
7
8
9
Ratnapura
Colombo
Matara
Gampaha
3275
699
1283
1387
20
3
16
0
243003
41513
156547
143495
245743
493085
177613
487184
10
11
12
13
Hambantota
Moneragala
Polonnaruwa
Badulla
2609
5639
3293
2861
14
15
16
17
18
Kurunegala
Nuwara Eliya
Ampara
Galle
Anuradhapura
4816
1741
4415
1652
7179
154
291454
779
1135
497
818
1431
254
710
249
483
738
242882
473045
174712
475847
1125
2553
839
2177
344
3652
654
1570
21
41
38
19
202304 128008 126362
225218 96598 95966
163800 91718 90999
156800 189925 185268
571
440
410
886
219
78
125
310
5
25
38
13
35
534464
60274
172001
167401
364816
1563
761
644
1084
830
325
437
146
656
116
380213
169540
137741
233027
189699
174737
245784
108566
376352
164886
132371
229521
186697
65294 642210
113188 915477
36103 383468
17139 712914
155987 1030172
133288
314334
99867
209434
368009
21.39
33.03
25.23
29.71
32.17
104
149
89
175
230
13.10
13.00
18.90
21.00
17.00
58245 855178 102384 214927
1229572 1014388
7314 888246
64361 676499 20510 191971
300933 1762028
723 714378
23.43
44.28
28.00
38.46
292
125
119
196
26.60
5.40
14.70
8.70
503412
1431 110566
388226
9149 66552
358679
305 67828
567178 161269 160203
23.37
18.81
21.23
23.36
73
150
50
197
12.70
33.20
12.70
23.70
34691 1418882
6642 383985
43073 283659 376878 108874
112536 480461
0 111701
109921 863309 17257 263578
53151 691573
969 156644
29.12
17.84
21.58
29.65
23.61
238
254
64
146
118
15.40
33.80
10.90
13.70
14.90
21571
0
0
51536
2173
37574
21757
55471
92869
Sector Specific Data
# of
Hospitals
District Name
Rank
# of
Hospital
Bedsj
Average Dengue
Incidence Rate
(2004-2008) k and a
40
28
36
41
84
1676
2658
1522
2229
6300
51.63
65.73
49.06
50.41
77.08
50
51
37
64
3136
11175
2259
5661
41.06
102.96
42.94
75.79
32
28
46
52
1644
1350
2746
3202
21.35
10.67
27.52
13.31
Hambantota
Moneragala
Polonnaruwa
Badulla
10
11
12
13
98
45
51
48
122
5296
1804
2536
3511
6676
37.79
5.50
12.91
16.13
29.84
Kurunegala
Nuwara Eliya
Ampara
Galle
Anuradhapura
14
15
16
17
18
m and a
Puttalam
Kalutara
Matale
Kegalle
Kandy
1
2
3
4
5
Ratnapura
Colombo
Matara
Gampaha
6
7
8
9
155
Health
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
156
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
157
Vulnerability to Dysentery
The indicators used for the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index are:
The Sensitivity Index
The Adaptive Capacity Index





.cR_NTRV[PVQR[PR_NaRS\_QR[TbRSRcR_!­%
P\Z]YRaRQ`RP\[QN_fRQbPNaV\[
NO\cR]\cR_afYV[R
\SU\`]VaNYORQ`
\SU\`]VaNY`
Raw data sources: Population and Housing Census, 2001; Epidemiology Unit; Ministry of Health, provided for preparation of
this report, 2010
Some of the key findings include:
 Moneragla, Badulla and Matale Districts show high vulnerability to dysentery.
R They support a population of 1,823,000 of whom 5.4% are urban and 82.7% are rural.
R Combined, this area has 116 hospitals and 6,074 hospital beds.
 Further 8 Districts show moderate vulnerability.
R They support a population of 6,243,000 of whom 7.5% are urban and 82.5% are rural.
R Combined, this area has 333 hospitals and 18,429 hospital beds.
158
159
Health
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Vulnerability to Dysentery
High Vulnerability
Moderate Vulnerability
Rank District Name
Low Vulnerability
Physical Characteristics
Minimal Vulnerability
Demographics
Area
%
Total
No. of
No. of
Total
Population Urbanb Ruralb Estateb
#
%
Pop. % in
(Sq. km)i Forest Extent House- Occupied Population Density
Completed Completed Below Poverty
Landl of Agri. holdsb Housing
2010 (Per Sq. km)Secondary SecondaryPoverty (HCI)c
(Acers)d
Unitsb
(‘000)i
2010a
Educationb Educationa Line
1
2
3
Moneragala
Badulla
Matale
5639 40.50
2861 19.00
1993 40.50
225218 96598 95966
156800 189925 185268
122391 110886 108566
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Ampara
Ratnapura
Hambantota
Nuwara Eliya
Puttalam
Kegalle
Polonnaruwa
Kalutara
4415
3275
2609
1741
3072
1693
3293
1598
37.50
20.00
20.50
24.50
25.00
9.50
38.00
13.00
172001
243003
202304
60274
159647
149476
163800
141805
137741
245743
128008
169540
176544
195853
91718
250939
12
13
14
15
16
Matara
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Galle
Kandy
1283
4816
7179
1652
1940
16.00
5.00
35.00
13.00
17.00
156547
534464
364816
167401
150007
177613
380213
189699
233027
299870
17
18
Gampaha
Colombo
1387
699
0.30
2.80
160
440
886
497
78
310
249
0 388226
9149 66552
51536 567178 161269 160203
36103 383468 21757 99867
132371
242882
126362
164886
174737
193578
90999
245784
644
1125
571
761
779
818
410
1135
146
344
219
437
254
483
125
710
112536
58245
21571
43073
65294
17139
0
113188
174712
376352
186697
229521
291454
839
1563
830
1084
1431
654
325
116
656
738
64361 676499
34691 1418882
53151 691573
109921 863309
155987 1030172
143495 487184 475847
41513 493085 473045
2177
2553
1570
3652
300933 1762028
1229572 1014388
18.81
23.36
25.23
150
197
89
33.20
23.70
18.90
21.58
23.43
23.37
17.84
21.39
29.71
21.23
33.03
64
292
73
254
104
175
50
149
10.90
26.60
12.70
33.80
13.10
21.00
12.70
13.00
191971
383985
156644
263578
368009
28.00
29.12
23.61
29.65
32.17
119
238
118
146
230
14.70
15.40
14.90
13.70
17.00
723 714378
7314 888246
38.46
44.28
196
125
8.70
5.40
480461
0 111701
855178 102384 214927
503412
1431 110566
283659 376878 108874
642210
2173 133288
712914 55471 209434
358679
305 67828
915477 37574 314334
20510
6642
969
17257
92869
Sector Specific Data
# of
Hospitals
District Name
Rank
# of
Hospital
Bedsj
Average Dysentery
Incidence Rate
(2004-2008) k and a
28
52
36
1350
3202
1522
81.56
85.64
85.81
Moneragala
Badulla
Matale
51
50
32
45
40
41
46
28
2536
3136
1644
1804
1676
2229
2746
2658
60.76
52.19
39.54
37.94
35.05
39.00
39.05
41.00
Ampara
Ratnapura
Hambantota
Nuwara Eliya
Puttalam
Kegalle
Polonnaruwa
Kalutara
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
37
98
122
48
84
2259
5296
6676
3511
6300
22.68
35.51
36.19
16.99
26.75
Matara
Kurunegala
Anuradhapura
Galle
Kandy
12
13
14
15
16
64
51
5661
11175
13.16
11.60
Gampaha
Colombo
17
18
m and a
1
2
3
161
Health
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
162
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
163
Vulnerability to Leptospirosis
The indicators used for the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index are:
The Sensitivity Index
The Adaptive Capacity Index





.cR_NTRV[PVQR[PR_NaRS\_QR[TbRSRcR_!­%
P\Z]YRaRQ`RP\[QN_fRQbPNaV\[
NO\cR]\cR_afYV[R
\SU\`]VaNYORQ`
\SU\`]VaNY`
Raw data sources: Population and Housing Census, 2001; Epidemiology Unit; Ministry of Health, provided for preparation of this
report, 2010
Some of the key findings include:
 Matara, Kegalle and Matale Districts show high vulnerability to Leptospirosis.
R They support a population of 2,154,000 of whom 5.9% are urban and 89% are rural.
R Combined, this area has 114 hospitals and 6,010 hospital beds.
 A Further 6 Districts show moderate vulnerability to Leptospirosis.
R They support a population of 4,765,000 of whom 7% are urban and 89% are rural.
R Combined, this area has 232 hospitals and 15,045 hospital beds.
164
165
Health
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Vulnerability to Leptospirosis
High Vulnerability
Moderate Vulnerability
Rank District Name
Low Vulnerability
Physical Characteristics
Minimal Vulnerability
Demographics
Area
%
Total
No. of
No. of
Total
Population Urbanb Ruralb Estateb
#
%
Pop. % in
(Sq. km)i Forest Extent House- Occupied Population Density
Completed Completed Below Poverty
Landl of Agri. holdsb Housing
2010 (Per Sq. km)Secondary SecondaryPoverty (HCI)c
(Acers)d
Unitsb
(‘000)i
2010a
Educationb Educationa Line
1
2
3
Matale
Kegalle
Matara
1993 40.50
1693
9.50
1283 16.00
122391 110886 108566
149476 195853 193578
156547 177613 174712
4
5
6
7
8
9
Moneragala
Kalutara
Hambantota
Ratnapura
Polonnaruwa
Galle
5639
1598
2609
3275
3293
1652
40.50
13.00
20.50
20.00
38.00
13.00
225218
141805
202304
243003
163800
167401
96598
250939
128008
245743
91718
233027
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Badulla
Puttalam
Nuwara Eliya
Kurunegala
Kandy
Ampara
Gampaha
2861
3072
1741
4816
1940
4415
1387
19.00
25.00
24.50
5.00
17.00
37.50
0.30
156800
159647
60274
534464
150007
172001
143495
189925
176544
169540
380213
299870
137741
487184
17
18
Anuradhapura 7179 35.00
Colombo
699
2.80
166
497
818
839
249
483
654
95966
245784
126362
242882
90999
229521
440
1135
571
1125
410
1084
78
710
219
344
125
656
185268
174737
164886
376352
291454
132371
475847
886
779
761
1563
1431
644
2177
310
254
437
325
738
146
1570
364816 189699 186697
41513 493085 473045
830
2553
116
3652
36103 383468
17139 712914
64361 676499
21757 99867
55471 209434
20510 191971
25.23
29.71
28.00
89
175
119
18.90
21.00
14.70
388226
9149 66552
915477 37574 314334
503412
1431 110566
855178 102384 214927
358679
305 67828
863309 17257 263578
18.81
33.03
23.37
23.43
21.23
29.65
150
149
73
292
50
146
33.20
13.00
12.70
26.60
12.70
13.70
51536 567178 161269 160203
65294 642210
2173 133288
43073 283659 376878 108874
34691 1418882
6642 383985
155987 1030172 92869 368009
112536 480461
0 111701
300933 1762028
723 714378
23.36
21.39
17.84
29.12
32.17
21.58
38.46
197
104
254
238
230
64
196
23.70
13.10
33.80
15.40
17.00
10.90
8.70
23.61
44.28
118
125
14.90
5.40
0
113188
21571
58245
0
109921
53151 691573
1229572 1014388
969 156644
7314 888246
Sector Specific Data
# of
Hospitals
District Name
Rank
# of
Hospital
Bedsj
Average Leptospirosis
Incidence Rate
(2004-2008) k and a
36
41
37
1522
2229
2259
49.13
37.25
31.30
Matale
Kegalle
Matara
1
2
3
28
28
32
50
46
48
1350
2658
1644
3136
2746
3511
16.04
24.18
12.49
11.78
12.64
16.71
Moneragala
Kalutara
Hambantota
Ratnapura
Polonnaruwa
Galle
4
5
6
7
8
9
52
40
45
98
84
51
64
3202
1676
1804
5296
6300
2536
5661
6.29
4.12
3.59
12.34
13.21
2.76
15.95
Badulla
Puttalam
Nuwara Eliya
Kurunegala
Kandy
Ampara
Gampaha
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
122
51
6676
11175
5.68
13.54
Anuradhapura
Colombo
17
18
m and a
167
Health
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
168
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
169
170
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
Biodiversity underlies the goods and services that are crucial for human survival and wellbeing due
to a host of vital supporting, regulating, provisioning and cultural ecosystem services. Biodiversity is
determined by many factors, including mean climate and climate variability, as well as disturbance
regimes caused by changes of tectonic, climatic, biological, anthropogenic and other origin. It is now
generally accepted that global biodiversity will be significantly affected by climate change, although its
precise impacts are still unsure.
Components of biodiversity provide us with freshwater for domestic and industrial uses, and underpin
the socio-economically vital areas of agriculture and livestock production, fishery, forestry, tourism,
traditional medicine and several important manufacturing industries. Therefore, the value of conserving
the country’s biodiversity has been recognized and incorporated into national planning.
While the current and probable future impacts of climate change on agro-biodiversity are being
addressed, the possible impacts of climate change on wild biodiversity are mostly speculative.
Nonetheless, the socio-economic and ecological implications of biodiversity loss in Sri Lanka will be
considerable and wide ranging, because of probable changes in forests and other terrestrial systems,
inland wetlands and coastal and marine systems and the species they contain. These changes will have
inevitable impacts on national food security; rural livelihoods, nutrition and health; and overall economic
development, particularly in the fields of tourism and external trade.
Although all impacts of climate change on biodiversity may not be preventable, it is recognized that
genetically diverse populations of species, and species rich ecosystems, have much greater potential
to adapt to climate change. Conservation of biodiversity and maintenance of ecosystem structure and
function may, therefore, be one of the most practical climate change adaptation strategies that Sri Lanka
can adopt to conserve the country’s natural heritage, and to ensure an uninterrupted flow of ecosystem
services and bio-resources that are essential for national development. The various issues associated with
climate change such as changing rainfall patters, increased temperatures, drought, flood and landslides
on the different ecosystems both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are discussed in detail in the SVP on
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.
171
Potential Vulnerability of Biodiversity by District
The indicators used for the Sensitivity Index and the Adaptive Capacity Index are:
The Sensitivity Index
The Adaptive Capacity Index
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 [bZOR_\SaU_RNaR[RQObaaR_¸f`]RPVR`]R_QV`a_VPa
6B0;N[Q:<2;?$$
 [bZOR_\SaU_RNaR[RQcR_aRO_NaR`]RPVR`]R_QV`a_VPa$
(IUCN and MOENR, 2007)
 [bZOR_\SaU_RNaR[RQ¸\dR_V[T]YN[a`]R_QV`a_VPa
(IUCN and MOENR, 2007)27
A composite of data (at DSD level) on:
 3\_R`aP\cR_UN]R_QV`a_VPa$PR[`b`QNaN
 5bZN[]\]bYNaV\[QR[`Vaf]R_QV`a_VPa$PR[`b`QNaN
 5\ZRTN_QR[`VgR]R_QV`a_VPaPNYPbYNaRQb`V[TaUR
1:50,000 land use map to obtain home garden area
]R_QV`a_VPaN[QaUR[bZOR_\SU\b`V[Tb[Va`]R_
district from the 2001 Census)
(These three groups have been taken as representative groups that could be
expected to be affected by climate change)
Some of the key findings include:
 Six districts appear to be highly vulnerable in terms of biodiversity. These districts are Galle, Kalutara,
Colombo, Ratnapura, Nuwara Eliya and Kandy. They have:
R
R
R
R
R
a total human population of 7,306,445, of whom nearly 16.4% are below the poverty lin.e
2,181 km2 of forests.
1,583 (57.8% of all currently listed) nationally threatened species.
an average home garden size of 52.6 perches per household unit.
Most of the biodiversity rich lowland and montane wet zone forests.
 Historically, Ratnapura, Kalutara, Galle, Colombo districts are also highly vulnerable to floods and
Nuwara Eliya and Rathnapura Districts are highly vulnerable to landslides.
 A further 5 Districts (Matara, Badulla, Gampaha, Kegalle and Kurunegala are in the moderately
vulnerable category. They have:
R
R
R
172
a total population of 5,850,776.
a total forest cover of 248 km2.
562 (18.03%) of all currently listed nationally threatened species.
173
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Biodiversity Sector Vulnerability
High Vulnerability
Moderate Vulnerability
Rank District Name
Low Vulnerability
Physical Characteristics
Area
Total
(Sq. km)i Population
2010
(‘000)i
Minimal Vulnerability
Demographics
Total Population No of
No of
PopuDensity House- Occupied
lation (Per Sq. km) holdsb Housing
2001b
2010a
Unitb
Urban
Populationb
Rural Estate
Popu- Populationb lationb
#
%
Pop.
% in
Completed Completed Below Poverty
Secondary Secondary Poverty (HCI)c
Educationb Educationa
Line
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ratnapura
Kandy
Colombo
Galle
Kalutara
Nuwara Eliya
3275
1940
699
1652
1598
1741
1125
1431
2553
1084
1135
761
1015807
1279028
2251274
990487
1066239
703610
344
738
3652
656
710
437
245743
299870
493085
233027
250939
169540
242882
58245 855178 102384
291454 155987 1030172 92869
473045 1229572 1014388
7314
229521 109921 863309 17257
245784 113188 915477 37574
164886
43073 283659 376878
214927
368009
888246
263578
314334
108874
23.43
32.17
44.28
29.65
33.03
17.84
292
230
125
146
149
254
26.60
17.00
5.40
13.70
13.00
33.80
7
8
9
10
11
Gampaha
Kegalle
Badulla
Matara
Kurunegala
1387
1693
2861
1283
4816
2177
818
886
839
1563
2063684
785524
779983
761370
1460215
1570
483
310
654
325
487184
195853
189925
177613
380213
475847
193578
185268
174712
376352
714378
209434
160203
191971
383985
38.46
29.71
23.36
28.00
29.12
196
175
197
119
238
8.70
21.00
23.70
14.70
15.40
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Puttalam
Jaffna
Hambantota
Matale
Batticaloa
Anuradhapura
Ampara
Polonnaruwa
Trincomalee
3072
1025
2609
1993
2854
7179
4415
3293
2727
779
611
571
497
543
830
644
410
374
709677
254
596
219
249
190
116
146
125
137
176544
0
128008
110886
174737
65294 642210
2173
133288
21.39
104
13.10
126362
108566
21571 503412
1431
36103 383468 21757
110566
99867
23.37
25.23
73
89
12.70
18.90
189699
137741
91718
186697
132371
90999
53151 691573
112536 480461
0 358679
969
0
305
156644
111701
67828
23.61
21.58
21.23
118
64
50
14.90
10.90
12.70
21
22
23
24
Moneragala
Mannar
Vavuniya
Mulattivu
5639
1996
1967
2617
440
104
174
148
96598
95966
0 388226
9149
66552
18.81
150
33.20
174
526414
441328
745693
592997
358984
397375
78
52
88
57
300933
17139
51536
64361
34691
1762028
723
712914 55471
567178 161269
676499 20510
1418882
6642
Sector Specific Data
%
Forest
Land1
District Name
Rank
Ratnapura
Kandy
Colombo
Galle
Kalutara
Nuwara Eliya
1
2
3
4
5
6
Recorded
Threatened
Vertebrates1
Recorded
Threatened
Flora1
Recorded
Threatened
Butterflies1
Average Home
Garden Size
(perch)a
20.0
17.0
2.8
13.0
13.0
24.5
116
90
28
76
59
79
264
310
22
187
126
150
38
10
3
6
14
5
76
68
19
62
44
47
0.3
9.5
19.0
16.0
5.0
26
51
67
37
21
10
98
90
101
44
1
3
7
3
3
37
69
100
87
89
Gampaha
Kegalle
Badulla
Matara
Kurunegala
7
8
9
10
11
25.0
1.1
20.5
40.5
21.0
35.0
37.5
38.0
48.0
15
8
38
57
2
25
18
15
11
21
7
32
71
9
68
15
26
10
8
0
5
3
0
1
0
0
1
54
90
125
131
44
123
110
117
76
Puttalam
Jaffna
Hambantota
Matale
Batticaloa
Anuradhapura
Ampara
Polonnaruwa
Trincomalee
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
40.5
60.0
51.0
60.0
35
6
9
8
56
5
1
0
5
4
0
0
234
114
166
131
Moneragala
Mannar
Vavuniya
Mulattivu
21
22
23
24
175
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
176
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
177
178
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Appendices
179
APPENDIX A
Exposure Maps
180
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
181
182
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
183
APPENDIX B
District Data Tables
District
Name
Physical Characteristics
Area
(Sq. km)a
Ampara
Anuradhapura
Badulla
Batticaloa
Colombo
Galle
Gampaha
Hambantota
Jaffna
Kalutara
Kandy
Kegalle
Kilinochchi
Kurunegala
Mannar
Matale
Matara
Moneragala
Mulattivu
Nuwara Eliya
Polonnaruwa
Puttalam
Ratnapura
Trincomalee
Vavuniya
184
4415
7179
2861
2854
699
1652
1387
2609
1025
1598
1940
1693
1279
4816
1996
1993
1283
5639
2617
1741
3293
3072
3275
2727
1967
Estimated
Total
Population
Mid-year population
Density
(2010),
Population
(2001)c
(2010)b
(per Sq.
(‘000)
km)d
644
830
886
543
2553
1084
2177
571
611
1135
1431
818
156
1563
104
497
839
440
148
761
410
779
1125
374
174
592997
745693
779983
2251274
990487
2063684
526414
1066239
1279028
785524
1460215
441328
761370
397375
703610
358984
709677
1015807
146
116
310
190
3652
656
1570
219
596
710
738
483
122
325
52
249
654
78
57
437
125
254
344
137
88
Demographics
No. of
Householdsc
Urban
Populationc
Rural
Populationc
Estate
Populationc
137741
189699
189925
480461
691573
567178
480461
691573
567178
0
969
161269
493085
233027
487184
128008
1014388
863309
1762028
503412
1014388
863309
1762028
503412
250939
299870
195853
915477
1030172
712914
380213
%
%
in Povertye Completed
Secondary
Education
21.58
23.61
23.36
7314
17257
723
1431
10.9
14.9
23.7
10.7
5.4
13.7
8.7
12.7
915477
1030172
712914
37574
92869
55471
13
17
21.1
33.03
32.17
29.71
1418882
1418882
6642
15.4
29.12
110886
177613
96598
383468
676499
388226
383468
676499
388226
21757
20510
9149
18.9
14.7
33.2
25.23
28.00
18.81
169540
91718
176544
245743
283659
358679
642210
855178
283659
358679
642210
855178
376878
305
2173
102384
33.8
12.7
13.1
26.6
17.84
21.23
21.39
23.43
44.28
29.65
38.46
23.37
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Housing Characteristics
Perma- SemiPermanentc
nentc
Improvisedc
Not
Classifiedc
Transport
Total
Housing
Unitsc
Main
Roads
Secondary
Roads
Rail
Roads
f&d
f&d
f&d
Track
and
Foot
Path (km)
f&d
87347 39806
99710 84703
120557 62426
3917
853
194
1301
1431
2091
132371
186697
185268
408473
166119
380985
75720
54234
60304
83351
49367
1293
1722
5251
590
9045
1376
6260
685
473045
229521
475847
126362
193973 48347
211576 76634
133244 57960
1094
430
980
2370
2814
1394
245784
291454
193578
241602 127978
4493
2279
376352
61990 45588
126683 46118
46691 48327
461
1096
380
527
815
568
108566
174712
95966
106766
54193
107965
148266
300
431
9908
406
3202
809
1601
1797
164886
90999
174737
242882
54618
35566
55263
92413
374.5900
647.3000
533.2800
202.7600
203.1700
429.8000
638.3900
262.3700
282.9200
286.1600
563.5700
390.6100
122.2400
760.1900
112.2700
285.8500
336.2200
404.7200
111.1300
529.0200
190.5900
393.1400
514.3000
157.2800
163.5600
427.1100
792.9600
818.7700
223.5800
1280.6500
735.7000
1337.5700
952.2300
741.7600
936.0600
1096.0700
718.9000
139.7700
1491.6000
243.0100
431.5800
528.2700
370.2300
128.4100
451.3000
291.7200
583.8700
830.8000
221.4100
137.8900
0.0000
136.6900
67.7900
54.3400
110.4200
75.6000
84.1400
0.0000
50.9600
34.4900
78.0200
22.6100
43.0500
147.2100
67.2100
10.5200
20.1200
0.0000
24.2200
66.3100
108.8300
122.4000
0.0000
46.7200
81.9000
3568.5800
7641.2500
3698.3000
2811.8000
691.5700
2332.0900
2005.9900
2881.1700
2639.1600
2082.9900
2539.9500
2114.6700
2132.0200
7245.9200
1298.3000
2078.9400
1327.0400
2834.2600
2521.3900
3765.5700
2615.3100
3521.2300
3419.6100
3190.3200
1886.9100
Roads within 500 m from coastline
Main
Secondary
Rail
Track
Roadsd
Roadsd
Roadsd
and
Foot
Path (km)d
10.9940
46.5880
13.0780
9.9270
26.5310 94.4610
77.1200 41.8330
18.5420 37.6600
16.4270 27.2300
88.3030 168.3900
21.5080 29.6710
65.4810
30.1380
55.5310
3.4790
26.1790
100.4300
1.9600
50.6730
15.3010
48.3550
562.5610
35.7780
0.7450
2.7750
102.1390
19.3000
20.5170
7.3450
87.7110
35.2670
25.7630
7.4230
33.3340
9.8600
81.1050
31.2820
53.8050
2.9610
151.9050
28.0610
84.8980
8.4350
302.5630
185
Tourism
Source of Drinking Water (No. of Households)
livelihoods
% of
No of No. Guest Total
Dependent Livelihoods Hotel
House Roomsd
on
Dependent Rooms Rooms
g and d
g and d
Tourismc
on
Tourismd
1617
3258
2914
1.0
1.1
1.0
23
486
168
23823
7587
15483
2095
2.8
2.4
2.0
1.3
3702
2186
1840
450
8909
9879
4346
2.5
2.4
1.7
2012
1358
74
85
146
311
37
888
608
705
211
112
536
387
125
5946
1.2
45
242
3210
2748
1345
2.1
1.1
0.9
559
279
145
168
295
125
3704
1518
3387
3803
1.3
1.1
1.5
1.0
448
343
176
117
238
156
124
138
135
82
24
186
108
632
479
37
4590
2794
2545
661
112
2548
1745
199
0
287
0
727
574
270
0
604
467
314
252
320
24
Wellsc
Tubewellsc
Tapc
Otherc
Wells and
Taps within
Premisesc
Wells and
Taps Outside
Premisesc
114229
138729
76362
2898
26630
6174
13439
18137
71667
4359
3538
31737
72229
53761
55509
42542
77174
71709
167675
172707
342265
70828
3930
6036
25489
7925
307322
44334
108422
42704
2876
7336
2432
5342
328951
108134
307287
43118
138071
75113
112656
55715
186123
132393
130458
7272
23512
909
46495
115022
35637
7223
23791
26140
123652
102864
65512
79848
117981
68918
342354
13802
14795
5422
168354
140958
58853
107534
59203
18125
1762
7486
24830
49703
13472
8072
16474
15402
29945
86229
24274
41179
49511
29518
38713
64893
124003
105930
4622
10235
23831
3868
85585
10000
19899
68415
35258
5236
5756
63798
42828
30362
75736
64455
67628
28444
59758
82386
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Irrigation Water
Total
Agricultural
Operatorsi
Area No of Rainfed
Irrig.
Agri.
%
HH with
of Tanksd Paddy
paddy
and
Agri.
Agri. as
Tanks
Area
Area Forestry and
Primary
(Acres)h (Acres)h sector Forestry Source of
(Sq. km)d
Employ- Sector
Income
i and d
mentc employmentd
108.18 387
547.00 3375
24.99 142
71.72 246
0.30
6
0.52
26
89.23 855
10.47 144
0.66
7
2.20
52
0.05
10
27.60 269
175.07 4057
113.66 463
25.59 249
2.91
19
96.75 1055
118.21 591
0.60
39
130.87 315
89.94 959
6.30
26
118.33 682
113.00 921
9802
4189
3266
26401
4144
15559
10682
1443
709
12939
4907
6734
6185
30186
24
3971
10163
5228
2902
174
1234
1842
4844
7495
1402
62536
66665
21349
20046
1526
196
3085
25043
0
2147
10761
2254
7735
47504
9958
13726
7308
13560
7582
6275
55849
16870
10570
22413
14917
65523
147745
164492
40.4
51.7
55.9
17958
93428
31393
65905
2.1
29.3
4.2
40.0
54873
89081
64066
15.4
21.9
24.7
170200
33.1
61436
85197
87643
39.3
35.2
60.6
173404
68804
41485
164996
61.6
50.2
18.1
44.0
39267
91595
60872
15257
7300
55371
22112
54060
16041
28294
41793
30658
8059
112743
4180
33591
46680
56684
8154
27694
40985
27116
79804
13387
7382
54416
147664
89270
20645
27003
103562
87212
86271
25011
75235
104008
82667
13385
245424
5136
63880
89908
80368
11679
46105
57842
67064
133242
18650
12694
Land Utilization within Agricultural Holdings
Total
Extent
of
Holdings
(Acres)i
AswedTemp.
Permanent Forest
Other
dumized
Crops
Crops
Land
Land
Paddy other than (Acres)i (Acres)i (Acres)i
(Acres)i
Asweddumized
Paddy
(Acres)i
172001
364816
156800
74335
41513
167401
143495
202304
31895
141805
150007
149476
38472
534464
20967
122391
156547
225218
39230
60274
163800
159647
243003
50797
32824
115996
189614
50386
59215
9944
37256
26075
67007
13405
34850
36356
18778
19282
154245
14387
37603
36232
38243
17874
13893
112619
32563
33672
33863
14682
17221
49826
33167
7098
1782
2309
2856
29522
6350
3669
6737
4662
6673
32351
1559
14608
2175
60680
10593
13373
5298
11135
15245
3927
9918
23625
71360
48247
5448
21920
162462
97830
80779
9236
81230
73479
106516
9382
278166
3305
51831
98915
84195
8088
23147
24825
85337
151970
7800
3434
7056
23938
12706
506
1447
8341
2728
12024
672
8562
8171
6778
811
35600
505
9127
5635
21094
528
4600
8036
18146
22290
2152
1844
8103
30078
12294
2068
6420
-42967
14006
12972
2232
13494
25264
12742
2324
34102
1211
9222
13590
21006
2147
5261
13022
12466
19826
3055
2946
187
Paddy Statistics Related
to Sea Rise Exposure
Plantation Sector
Inland Fishing
Paddy Areas
Below 2m
Within 5km
from Coastline (Acres)d
Paddy Area
Within
500m from
Coastline
(Acres)d
Tea
(Acres)i
Rubber
(Acres)i
Coconut
(Acres)i
# Employed
in Inland
Fishingd
Inland
Fishing
as % of
Total
Jobsd
Lagoons
Area
(Acres)d
Tanks
Area
(Acres)d
Lakes and
Reservoirs
Area
(Acres)d
34
38449
0
0
18190
2587
15121
5745
17865
44747
10300
0
0
27159
0
21609
0
10912
0
8458
0
0
11189
0
45131
0
0
0
75709
0
380
63330
30
1088
0
17717
55842
18922
0
101
0
12676
58573
2279
0
124208
0
0
94767
0
0
0
0
1068
0
17450
16497
7605
175
0
73764
3040
87902
0
7055
0
4626
9219
4608
0
81
0
0
54725
0
0
12310
34497
6708
8739
18024
30999
106572
51234
8535
27864
19490
38080
6114
331057
2249
25450
35578
26444
6562
2577
16408
113896
39461
5209
1921
2104
1576
290
1.30
0.55
0.10
819
1307
3691
1470
0.10
0.41
0.49
0.89
994
182
78
0.28
0.04
0.03
772
0.15
124
1434
277
0.08
0.59
0.19
88
1423
4232
203
0.03
1.04
1.84
0.05
15585
0
0
26076
0
62
8409
4244
6237
15
0
0
21955
0
5048
0
95
0
13887
0
0
119077
0
2117
0
23461
124102
6465
17536
74
0
161
15464
2679
142
485
10
6290
45051
20007
6255
713
29109
23251
90
30054
19568
7227
22305
19902
19192
0
10061
662
615
3326
0
58
0
753
5255
0
0
5216
0
1847
0
5823
0
7062
361
10338
333
442
32
273
16
3446
87
40
1871
643
809
52
392
988
187
2
616
4961
a - Statistical Abstract – 2009, Department of Census & Statistics http://www.statistics.gov.lk/abstract2009/chapters/
Chap1/AB1-1.pdf
b - Estimated Mid-year Population by Sex and District - 2010, Department of Census and Statistics, http://www.
statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/Mid%20Year%20Population/midyearsex%20&district.pdf
c - Census of Population and Housing -2001, Department of Census and Statistics
d - Calculated by the TA Team
e - Household Income and Expenditure Survey - 2006/07 Department of Census and Statistics, http://www.statistics.
gov.lk/poverty/PovertyIndicators.pdf
f - 1:50,000 Topographic Maps – Department of Survey
g - Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority
h - Asweddumized Extent of Paddy by Mode of Irrigation and DS Division 2005/06 Maha, http://www.statistics.gov.lk/
agriculture/Paddy%20Statistics/PaddyStats.htm Department of Census and Statistics
i - Census of Agriculture, 2002, Department of Census & Statistics
j - Department of Coast Conservation
k - Ministry of Health
188
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Marine Fishery
No. of Employed Fishery
#
Landing Population Sector Employed
Sitesj
Aged 10 Jobsc in Marine
Years and
Fishingd
Overc
121
Livestock
% of
Marine
Fishing
from
Total
Jobsd
162322
285806
294223
5877
1576
290
3773
3.62
0.55
0.10
26
92
105
44
855142
318680
756186
164923
2434
3832
8662
4937
1615
2525
4971
3467
0.28
1.20
1.15
2.99
37
356837
407554
258980
2795
182
78
1801
0.78
0.04
0.03
514553
772
156179
242175
144600
124
5829
277
281546
137078
229425
375365
88
1423
20712
203
29
127
0.15
4395
16480
0.08
2.41
0.19
0.03
1.04
9.03
0.05
Health
No.
No.
Total Livestock
# of
# of
Average
Average
Average
of Cattle of Goats Heads
Land
Hospitalsk Hospital Dengue Dysentery Leptospirosis
and
and
of
Holdings
Bedsk Incidence Incidence Incidence
Buffaloi Swinei Poultryi <= 1/4
Rate (2004 Rate (2004 Rate (2004 –
Acrei
– 2008)
– 2008)
2008)
9847
13174
18211
5030
2117
3694
8710
4273
14905
3603
10566
5158
27074
1986
5911
3501
11568
8273
3947
9434
3070
6053
3226
1889
2614
2558
4287
626
907
4342
543
19876
1400
3798
2095
0
5861
612
1965
532
481
0
2465
1286
7696
1074
1801
1120
4534
67778
9696
26351
6628
38733
6692
78897
2137 143495
3936
85243
12334 245819
2210
26309
9081
66526
4999 122692
9250
88723
4963
77202
0
4174
17598
90104
2352
9478
5454
21154
2550
61073
4718
8603
0
6349
6811
17768
4186
12319
14099
65515
3812
56617
8617
33333
4918
8649
51
122
52
37
51
48
64
32
44
28
84
41
15
98
16
36
37
28
9
45
46
40
50
29
11
2536
6676
3202
1489
11175
3511
5661
1644
2355
2658
6300
2229
408
5296
441
1522
2259
1350
497
1804
2746
1676
3136
1111
435
k and a
k and a
12.91
29.84
13.31
12.87
102.96
16.13
75.79
21.35
16.69
65.73
77.08
50.41
1.28
37.79
9.82
49.06
42.94
10.67
0.68
5.50
27.52
51.63
41.06
34.19
19.70
60.76
36.19
85.64
33.94
11.60
16.99
13.16
39.54
28.09
41.00
26.75
39.00
38.90
35.51
41.55
85.81
22.68
81.56
17.60
37.94
39.05
35.05
52.19
83.91
83.64
k and a
2.76
5.68
6.29
0.82
13.54
16.71
15.95
12.49
0.32
24.18
13.21
37.25
0.41
12.34
0.72
49.13
31.30
16.04
0.00
3.59
12.64
4.12
11.78
3.37
1.46
189
Documents in this series:
National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy for Sri Lanka (NCCAS)
2011-2016 (Sinhala, Tamil and English versions)
Information, Education and Communications Strategy for Climate
Change Adaptation in Sri Lanka
NCCAS Brochures (Sinhala, Tamil and English versions)
Sector Vulnerability Profiles (SVPs):
Urban Development, Human Settlements and Economic Infrastructure
Agriculture and Fisheries
Water
Health
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
Survey on Public Perceptions of Climate Change in Sri Lanka 2010
Climate Change Vulnerability Data Book
Prepared with assistance from
ADB TA 7326 (SRI)
Strengthening Capacity for Climate Change Adaptation
Implemented by:
Climate Change Secretariat
Ministry of Environment
Sri Lanka
www.climatechange.lk