BUILDING THE GREEN DATA CENTER
Rick Bauer, Technology & Education Director, SNIA
Sol Squire, Managing Director for Off-Shore Operations, Data Islandia
SNIA Legal Notice
The material contained in this tutorial is copyrighted
by the SNIA.
Member companies and individuals may use this
material in presentations and literature under the
following conditions:
Any slide or slides used must be reproduced without
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The SNIA must be acknowledged as source of any material
used in the body of any document containing material from
these presentations.
This presentation is a project of the SNIA Education
Committee.
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2
Abstract
The green data center has moved from the theoretical to the
realistic, with IT leaders being challenged to construct new
data centers (or retrofit existing ones) with energy saving
features, sustainable materials, and other environmental
efficiencies in mind.
This tutorial will survey the wide variety of options and issues
that the data center designer must keep in mind in these
matters, as well as illustrate how government regulation and
certification will be affecting the data centers of the future.
Analysis will include the US Green Building Council LEED
standard, as well as other regulatory standards that are
driving green data center construction.
Building the Green Data Center
© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
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Presentation Outline
Buildings and Data Centers: Energy Drains & Gains
What is the Green Data Center?
Drivers for Green Data Centers
Technology Options for Facilities New & Old
What Facilities Folks Wish IT Folks Knew About Building
Construction
What IT Folks Wish Facilities Folks Knew About IT
Emerging Standards
US, EU, Japan
Up Close: Green Data Center Examples
Beyond Greening the Data Center: Toward Sustainable Storage
Backup Slides: Bibliography, Links, Sources
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Why Worry about Green IT?
Increasing Demand for
Power
Global Warming
Increasing Pollution
Increasing Demand on Data
Centers
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The “EQ” (Energy Quotient) Test
Do You Know the Following? (Self score)
1.
2.
3.
The monthly/annual power draw of your data center(s)? [10 green points]
I see my data center(s) power bills(s) on a regular basis [5 green points]
Relationship of peak power your provider can supply and your current peak
levels? [10 green points]
What your provider’s strategic plans are to address growing energy demands in
your grid(s) [15 green points]
Had an extended discussion with senior management about power and capacity
limits in your organization? Yes [10 green points]
Energy costs and relationship to OpEx for your organization [10 green points]
Date when, at your current IT growth rate, you:
4.
5.
6.
7.
•
•
8.
What does PUE and DCIE stand for? [5 green points each]
•
•
9.
Run out of space? [ 5 green points] Run out of power? [ 10 green points]
Run out of HVAC? [ 5 green points]
PUE (Power Usage Effectiveness) = Total facility power/IT equipment power
DCIE (Data Center Infrastructure Efficiency) = IT equipment power/Total facility power
Are there currently any technologies SELLING TODAY that can reduce my
power draw? [10 green points]
Building the Green Data Center
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The “EQ” (Energy Quotient) Test:
Scoring Your “EQ”
80-100 Green Points:
You are a green dynamo! Please consider submitting a tutorial for the next
SNW. Furthermore, we would like you to consider joining SNIA’s Green
Storage Initiative as an end-user or vendor company representative. Please
take this score to your management for pay raise considerations.
60-80 Green Points:
Acceptable score. You are aware of these issues, and have spent some time
engaging with stakeholders about their impact(s). Sorry, no raise just yet!
40-60 Green Points:
Glad you are with us today. We hope you will learn some useful
information to take back to management. Dust off resume.
Under 40 Green Points:
Okay, you get credit for honesty (unlike the others). That and $5.00 will get
you a latté in the lobby.
Building the Green Data Center
© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
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Our Buildings: The Total Impact
39%
71%
39%
30%
30%
12%
of total energy consumption
of electricity consumption
CO2 emissions
of raw materials use
of waste output
of potable water consumption
Source: US Green Building Council, 2008
Building the Green Data Center
© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
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Drains and Gains
Our Buildings: Hungry for Power
Source: US Green Building Council, 2008
Building the Green Data Center
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Global Impact of Facilities
17%
71%
39%
30%
of fresh water withdrawals
of the global wood harvest
CO2 emissions
material and energy use
Source: US Green Building Council, 2008
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Environmental Impact of Buildings
% of USAnnual Impact
Land Use
12
Other Releases
13
Water Effluents
20
Water Use
25
Solid Waste
25
Raw materials use
30
Atmospheric Emissions
40
Energy Use
42
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Systematic Evaluation and Assessment of Building Environmental Performance (SEABEP), paper for presentation to
"Buildings and Environment", Paris, 9-12 June, 1997. Source: Levin, H. (1997)
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The Impact of Buildings in the U.S.
Source: US Green Building Council, 2008
Building the Green Data Center
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Data Centers: Hungry for Power*
*http://www.sustainability.com/SF/home
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Concern of Data Center Managers
“The Efficient Data Center: Improving Operational Economy & Availability, 2007 Data Center Users Group Conference”, p 2.
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The Only Constant is Change
“The Efficient Data Center: Improving Operational Economy & Availability, 2007 Data Center Users Group Conference”, p 4.
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Up, Up and Away: Runaway Data
Building the Green Data Center
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Regulatory Drivers:
Unfunded Governmental Mandates
Retention timeframes by industry
Life Science/Pharmaceutical
2 years after commercial release
Processing food
3 years after distribution
Developing drugs
Developing biologics
5 years after manufacturing of product
Healthcare HIPAA
5 year minimum for all records
Original records
From birth to 21 years
Medical records <18
Full life patient care
Length of patient’s life + 2 years
Financial services
Financial statements
3 years
Member registration
End-of-life of enterprise
Trading accounts
End of account + 6 years
OSHA
30 years from end of audit
Personnel records
Sarbanes - Oxley
Original correspondence 4 years after financial audit
Financial records
1 2 3 4 5
10
15
20
25
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17
An Inconvenient Bill:
U.S. 2006: $4.5 BILLION
U.S. 2011: $7.4
BILLION
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The Real Cost of Digital Toxic Waste
500 TB
50 TB
2006
2001
Data that will NEVER
be accessed
Data not accessed
in last 90 days
Primary
data copies
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EPA 2006 Report on Data Centers
The creation of standard metrics so data center operators can measure and
assess their energy consumption and performance.
Calling on the private-sector to conduct energy-efficiency assessments at their
companies’ data centers, implement improvements and report energy
performance.
Distribution of “objective, credible information” on the performance of new
technologies and their impact on data center energy consumption/performance.
The development of standardized energy performance measures for data
center equipment.
More research by government and university researchers, along with utilities,
to develop technologies and best practices for data center efficiency.
The development of federal purchasing specifications for energy performance at
outsourced data centers.
Considering state and local regulations to measure data center energy
consumption.
Asking electric utilities to consider offering incentives to companies that run
energy-efficient data centers.
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Data Center Power Draws
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Power Flow in the Data Center
The above data center is said to be 30% efficient, based on the fraction of the input power that actually goes
to the IT load. For a more detailed understanding of where the power goes and how the different types of
equipment contribute to the load, consult APC White Paper #113, “Electrical Efficiency Modeling for Data
Centers.”
Building the Green Data Center
© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
22
Electricity & Data Center Design:
Separated at Birth?
Traditionally, electrical power usage has not been a
typical design criterion for data centers.
Expenses for data center power have not been tightly
coupled to the data center performance criteria and
ROI.
According to the Uptime Institute, more than 60
percent of the power used to cool equipment in the
data center is completely wasted. “Data centers that
used to cost $10 million now cost $100 million,” says
Jonathan Koomey, staff scientist at Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory. “That kind of expenditure gets Clevel attention.”
Building the Green Data Center
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How Did IT Get this Way?*
The billed electrical costs come after the charges are incurred and
are not clearly linked to any particular decisions or operating
practices. Therefore they are viewed as inevitable.
Tools for modeling the electrical costs of data centers are not
widely available and are not commonly used during data center
design.
The billed electrical costs are often not within the responsibility or
budget of the data center operating group.
The electrical bill for the data center may be included within a
larger electrical bill and may not be available separately.
Decision makers are not provided sufficient information during
planning and purchasing decisions regarding the electrical cost
consequences.
*Neil Rasmussen, Implementing Energy Efficient Data Centers, American Power Conversion, used by permission
Building the Green Data Center
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What is the “OSI Stack”
for a Data Center? Complexity Issues
Applications
Applications and
Platforms
Application Services
Common Operating Environment
Operating Systems
Compute Platforms
Data Storage and Retention
Switch Infrastructures
Non-Electric IT Components
Physical IT Spaces
Data Center
Mechanical & Electrical Distribution
Mechanical & Electrical Supply
Building Architecture
Electrical and Telecomm Utilities
In-Country Real Estate
International Geography
Building the Green Data Center
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Approaches to “Greening” Challenges
and Expenses: Leave Town
The ten least expensive cities by estimated annual
operating costs*:
1. Sioux Falls, S.D.
$9,684,282
2. Winston-Salem, N.C.
$9,799,928
3. San Antonio, Texas
$10,314,249
4. Birmingham, Ala.
$10,340,534
5. Ames, Iowa $10,378,916
6. Charlotte, N.C.
$10,440,123
7. Indianapolis, Ind.
$10,451,796
8. Tulsa, Okla. $10,452,228
9. Des Moines, Iowa
$10,480,298
10. Columbus, Ohio
$10,499,09
*Source: SearchStorage.com, October 2007
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What is the Green Data Center?
A green data center is a repository for the storage,
management, and dissemination of data in which the
mechanical, lighting, electrical and computer systems
are designed for maximum energy efficiency and
minimum environmental impact.
Building the Green Data Center
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Reasons to Adopt a
Green Data Center Strategy
Source: Aberdeen Group, January 2008
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Tough Choices:
Power Reduction Options?
1. Those that avoid energy consumption, but do not
reduce power requirements?
2. Those that allow the reduction of installed power
capacity?
Answer? : 2
Any avoidance of energy consumption, engineered when
configuring total power capacity in the design of a data center,
is worth approximately twice as much as temporary
consumption avoidance.
--“A watt in time saves…err…two.”
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The Cascade Effect
Server
component
1 Watt
saved here
A one watt reduction in a server
-1.0W
DC-DC
additional
.18 Watt here
-1.18W
AC-DC
and .31
Watt here
-1.49W
Power
distribution
and .04
Watt here
component results in a 2.84
cascaded wattage reduction in the
data center ecosystem
-2.84W
Reduction
-1.53W
UPS
-1.67W
and .14
Watt here
Cooling
-2.74W
and 1.07
Watt here
Source: “Energy Logic: Reducing Data Center Energy Consumption by
Creating Savings that Cascade Across Systems”, Emerson Network Power, ©2008
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Building
Switchgear/
Transforme
r
and .10
Watt here
Technology Options for
Data Center Managers
Thermal Zone
Mapping
Utilizing allows
for heat
exchange
options,
optimized
deployment of
cooling
Ongoing
discussions of
optimal
temperature for
equipment
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Example: HP Dynamic Smart Cooling
Bridging Facilities and IT to realize Adaptive Infrastructure
•
•
•
Increased available cooling
capacity for additional IT
loads
Reduced cooling energy
costs up to 45%
Can retrofit or spec for new
construction applications
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Storage-specific Power/Cooling data
Each component of a Storage system has Power and
Cooling requirements
Understand “Idle” (stand-by) vs. “Loaded” (R/W)
Label ratings are usually peak power required
If you design using this data, your power/cooling equipment will be
(grossly) over-built (Bad!), and CapEx will suffer.
Operating equipment below its rated temperature offers little
(no?) benefits (except for Operators!)
Some manufacturers offer better data or design info
If you really want to know, you have to instrument in
order to get real measurements.
Or, you could wait to see what SNIA comes out with…
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Technology Options for
Data Center Managers:
Virtualization software with power resource management
features allows the administrator to power down inactive
servers during non peak hours so workloads can be migrated
and consolidated to fewer servers while the others remain in
standby or sleep mode.
As a rule of thumb, using virtualization and efficient Power &
Cooling techniques and best practices can provide savings of the
order of $700/year/workload.
In the storage area, following some best practices like data
consolidation on fewer higher capacity drives, deduplication,
space efficient snapshots and thin provisioning can effectively
provide savings upwards of $2250/year/TB of useable data.
Building the Green Data Center
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Storage Energy Efficiency Strategies
Increase disk utilization
Dynamic provisioning (30-40%, or even > 60%)
Reduce or eliminate hot spots
Load balancing
Reduce physical resources required
Data compression (2:1 or 3:1)
Eliminate redundant data
Data de-duplication (up to 20:1)
Optimize cost effectiveness and reduce power requirements
Tiered storage management
Reduce data retention costs and power requirements
Active archive software
Decrease power requirement density
Spin-down of inactive disks
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Technology Options for
Data Center Managers: Available Today
Source: Aberdeen Group, January 2008
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Energy Savings Actions & ROI
Energy Saving
Action
Savings
Independent of
Other Actions
Energy Savings with the Cascade Effect
ROI
Savings
(kW)
Savings
(%)
Savings
(kW)
Savings (%)
Cumulative
Savings (kW)
Lower power
processors
111
10%
111
10%
111
12-18 months
High-efficiency
power supplies
141
12%
124
11%
235
5 to 7 months
Power management
features
125
11%
86
8%
321
Immediate
8
1%
7
1%
328
TCO reduced
38%*
Server virtualization
156
14%
86
8%
414
TCO reduced
63%**
415V AC power
distribution
34
3%
20
2%
434
2 to 3 months
Blade servers
*Source for blade TCO: IDC
*Source for virtualization TCO: VMware
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Energy Savings Actions & ROI (cont.)
Energy Saving
Action
Savings
Independent of
Other Actions
Energy Savings with the Cascade Effect
ROI
Savings
(kW)
Savings
(%)
Savings
(kW)
Savings (%)
Cumulative
Savings (kW)
Cooling best
practices
24
2%
15
1%
449
4 to 6 months
Variable capacity
cooling: variable
speed fan drives
79
7%
49
4%
498
4 to 10
months
Supplemental
cooling
200
18%
72
6%
570
10 to 12
months
Monitoring &
optimization:
Cooling units
synchronized
25
2%
15
1%
585
3 to 6 months
Source: “Energy Logic: Reducing Data Center Energy Consumption by Creating Savings that Cascade Across Systems.”
©2008 Emerson Network Power. Used by permission.
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38
What Facilities Folks Wish IT Folks Knew
About Building Construction
We’ve got more than IT to worry about.
The world does not revolve around IT.
Tell us what you want, what you really, really want.
Do you not think we don’t know our jobs?
We really ought to talk more often.
The only tool our CFO has to manage the power
expenses in our facilities is the electric bill.
We can’t keep doing this forever.
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Facilities vs. IT in the Datacenter
Who represents IT to the Facilities staff?
Right now, the whole conversation is about Servers!
Try to find “Storage” mentioned in any recent article on
power/cooling problems in the datacenter….
Try to find “Storage” mentioned in any Utility program.
Can you show that Storage is significant to the power/
cooling load (via modeling or measuring)?
Organizational differences (who owns what?)
Do you talk with your Facilities managers?
Do your decisions affect each other? (YES!)
When will you start planning together?
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40
What IT Folks Wish Facilities
Folks Knew About IT
If this thing goes down, people start getting upset.
There is a lot of complexity here, and it’s not like
throwing a power switch.
Our landscape is changing, and (confidentially) I really
didn’t get a lot of training in this energy management
area.
We really ought to talk more often.
The only tool our CIO has to manage the power
expenses in our facilities is the electric bill, and then
he has to meet with the CFO.
We can’t keep doing this forever.
Building the Green Data Center
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41
Regulatory Domains
ISO
HIPAA / ARS
US Federal Privacy
NASD / NYSE
Basel II / GLB / FIEC
Credit Card CISP/SDP
EU Guidance
FTC ESIGN / FISMA / FISCAM
US IRS
SOX and PCAOB
NIST
ITIL
COSO / CobiT / ISF / ISACA
Basel II / GLB / FIEC
ITIL
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Increasing Green Regulations
Affecting Storage and IT
Worldwide Environmental Regulations:
• Japan
− Law Concerning the Promotion of Procurement
of Eco-friendly Goods and Services
− Energy Conservation Policy for Large Companies
•
China
− RoHS to regulate Hazardous substances
•
Europe
− WEEE to regulate waste of electronic equipment
− RoHS future requirements
•
United States
− EPA report to Congress on datacenter energy use
− AB32 law passed in California
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43
Emerging Standards: US LEED
“Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design”
US Green Building Council (Private Concern)
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
What types of buildings can use LEED?
How does LEED work?
Is LEED training available?
How much does it cost to register a project?
What is the average LEED certification fee?
What are the strengths and weaknesses of
LEED for the Data Center?
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Analysis of LEED
Standards around Green Data Centers just emerging
Opportunity for SNIA/Green Grid, other standards orgs
Trade-Off Equations Provide Opportunities to
“Game the Green” System
“PR Green” v. “Genuine Green”
Need better volunteer engagements from IT
professionals (SNIA GSI/Green Grid) to incorporate
intensive feedback into its ongoing development
About 250 volunteers on LEED committees
LEED continues to evolve and maintain its relevance while
encouraging continuous improvement within the building
industry.
Building the Green Data Center
45
© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
European CIOs are being pulled into
Green IT agenda by industry drivers
PULL
PUSH
Governments and regulators seek to control
spiralling power costs of IT (e.g.
DEFRA/MTP find that ICT accounts for
4% of UK CO2 and will grow by 180%
between 2008-2010)
Client concerns of power consumption of high
performance IT systems (e.g. blade
servers)
Refresh infrastructure to replace ageing and
energy-sapping systems
Companies commit to carbon reduction
targets to appease investor demands for
sustainable businesses
New standards drive energy efficiency in data
centre design: building standards LEED in
US and BREEM in UK, UK Market
Transformation Programme (MTP)
Industry groups (e.g. Uptime Institute, UK’s
Environmental IT Leadership, EU ) design
new IT standards for procurement evaluation
such as “performance per watt”
Government tax/power utility incentives to assist
in energy efficient solutions (e.g. Pacific Gas
+ Electric Rebates with Sun)
CIO’s set energy efficiency targets for IT cost
avoidance
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How Green is the EU?
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Turning Obligations into Assets
Archival specialisation
E-discovery
Open operational limits
Long –term policies
Mergers
Mergers and
Budget controls
Anti-fraud
acquisitions
Data mining
Property protection
Risk-management
Employee compliance
Compliance reporting
Public relations
Multi-departmental
Share-value
functionality
Governance
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Environmental Challenges Eased
Perceptions matter
ƒ Green is more than electricity
ƒ Policy as the green advantage
ƒ Assured cost-effectiveness
Scalability
ƒ Abundant energy and space
ƒ Managerial expertise
Overcoming inertia and legacy
ƒ Unmanaged tape to all-disk services
ƒ Archival specialisation
ƒ Managerial and infrastructure relief
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Emerging Standards: Japan
Tokyo Climate Change Strategy by Tokyo Metropolitan Gov’t.
CO2 Emission Reduction Program
Targeting business
1,300 Energy intensive industries and office. Using more than
1,500kl fuel or more than 6 million kWh
Set a target; Reduction Rate
Planning Stage Evaluation
Reduction Rate > 5%: AA
Reduction Rate > 2%: A+
Full cover “TMG selected basic 12 measurement”: A
Cover only operational measure: B
Not cover even operational measures: C
Final Stage Evaluation
Outstanding case: AAA
Achievement of Reduction Rate: AA
Full cover operational measurement: A
Others: B, C Building the Green Data Center
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First US LEED Certified Data Center:
Fannie Mae Technology Center
247,000 square-foot data center and office
building (Urbana, MD—metro Washington DC
area), first LEED certification to a data center,
August 5, 2005.
"By forging the way for green data centers, Fannie
Mae [has] pioneered a new building type for
sustainability," said Max Zahniser, LEED New
Construction Certification manager of the USGBC.
“Designing a data center to meet LEED
requirements set forth unique challenges… we
had to be creative in boosting the sustainability
factor in every aspect of this project from selecting
only the most energy efficient systems to recycling
construction waste at the project's end," said
Joseph Lauro, senior project architect. "We were
able to reduce overall energy consumption by
20%."
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A Growing Green Perspective
89%
74%
69%
66%
choose brands aligned with social cause
listen to brands aligned with social cause
shop for brands aligned with social cause
recommend brands aligned with social cause
Source: US Green Building Council, 2008
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Best Practices
Suggested Best Practices
Anticipated Benefit
Hot & Cold aisles
Lower server/storage temperatures
Eliminate gaps in rows
Better system reliability
Use longer rows
Better uptime
Use blanking panels
Extends life of current data centre
Orient AC units perpendicular to hot aisles
Increased reliability of your servers/storage
Use 0.8m to 1.0m high floors
Lower TCO
Seal cable cutouts
Lower energy usage
Use high/low density areas matching airflow
requirements.
Maximizes server /storage density
Deploy power efficient platforms
Enable power management features
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Advantages in Building Green
8-9%
7.5%
6.6%
3.5%
3%
decrease in operating costs
increase in building values
improvement in ROI
increase in occupancy
rent increase
Source: US Green Building Council, 2008
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Toward Sustainable Storage
Sustainable digital storage is designing, manufacturing,
deploying, managing, and recycling digital information
storage in a manner that meets the information needs of
the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own information needs.*
*Adapted from World Commission on Environment and Development, commonly
known as the Bruntland Commission, 1987.
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The Broader Perspective:
Sustainable Storage
Runs on
renewable
energy
Optimized
benefits
for all
Ensures
social
equity
Uses
resources
well
Aligns
incentives
Supports
living
systems
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Sustainable Storage:
A Global Perspective
Runs on clean, renewable energy. Is powered by natural,
perpetual flows of energy - principally, like virtually all life on
earth, from the constant energy of the sun.
Uses all resources productively. Eliminates the concept of
waste. Emphasizes services over products.
Supports healthy living systems. Maintains and restores the
health of people and natural systems.
Aligns market incentives with long-term social good.
Aligns structural incentives to encourage the pursuit of
economic, social, and environmental ambitions. Makes economic
systems honestly account for value created and lost.
Ensures social equity. Generally embodies a broad definition
of democracy.
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Closing thoughts
“Being green is a journey.
As technology plays an important role it is even more
important that the individual be aware and be responsible
of his actions.
Hopefully our grandchildren will still look up and see a
blue sky.”
Lee-An Tan
General Manager
Datacraft Asia
Building the Green Data Center
© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
58
Q&A / Feedback
Please send any questions or comments on this
presentation to trackgreenstorage@snia.org
Many thanks to the following individuals
for their contributions to this tutorial.
- SNIA Education Committee
Juergen Arnold
Rachel L. Barrett
Mark Carlson,
Gene Chesser
Tom Conroy
Data Center Users’ Group
James Dow
Shinobu Fujihara
Mike Glodo
SNIA Green Storage TWG
Jeffrey Hill,
Markus Ismael
Richie Lary,
Neil Rasmussen
Andrew Schaeffer
Lee-An Tan
SW Worth
Building the Green Data Center
© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
59
BACKUP SLIDES
Bibliography
Texts & Scholarly Articles
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Building the Green Data Center
© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
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Bibliography
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Building the Green Data Center
© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
62
Bibliography
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Building the Green Data Center
© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
63
Links and Sources
Regulatory Information
US LEED Program: http://www.usgbc.org
Tokyo Municipal Government: Tokyo Environmental Finance
Project; http://www.kankyo.metro.tokyo.j p/
Economic Factors in Planning
•
“Costing Green: A Comprehensive Database and Budgeting
Methodology” Lisa Matthiessen, Peter Morris, Davis Langdon,
2004
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“LEED Cost Study” prepared for the U.S. General Services
Administration, 2004
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“The Costs and Financial Benefits of Green Buildings: A
Report to California’s Sustainable Building Task Force” Greg
Kats, Capital E, 2003
http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/greenbuilding/Design/CostBenefit/R
eport.pdf
Publications
eco-structure Magazine—A bi-monthly magazine
dedicated to improving the environmental performance
of buildings and their surroundings.
e design Online—The journal of the Florida Design
Initiative
Environmental Building News
Environmental Design & Construction Magazine
Field Guide for Sustainable Construction by the
Pentagon Renovation and Construction Program Office,
Department of Defense. 2004.
Green Building Costs and Financial Benefits by Gregory
Kats. 2003.
Green Buildings—Guidelines for Creating HighPerformance Green Buildings by Pennsylvania
Department of Environmental Protection. 1999.
Greening Federal Facilities Guide by U.S. Department of
Energy. 2001.
GSA LEED® Applications Guide
GSA LEED® Cost Study
High Performance Building Guidelines by New York
City Department of Design and Construction. April
1999.
Building the Green Data Center
© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
64
Links & Sources
Publications
Innovative Workplace Strategies by U.S. General Services
Administration, Office of Governmentwide Policy, Office of
Real Property. Dec 2003.
Managing Your Environmental Responsibilities: A Planning
Guide for Construction and Development by U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. 2005.
Minnesota Sustainable Design Guide by Regents of the
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Campus, College of
Architecture and Landscape Architecture.
Real Property Sustainable Development Guide by U.S.
General Services Administration, Office of Governmentwide
Policy, Office of Real Property.
Sustainable Building Rating Systems Summary
Sustainable Building Technical Manual by U.S. Department of
Energy and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1996.
Sustainable Development and Society by U.S. General
Services Administration, Office of Governmentwide Policy,
Office of Real Property. Oct 2004.
Sustainable Facilities Guide by U.S. Air Force
Sustainable Federal Facilities: A Guide to Integrating Value
Engineering, Life-Cycle Costing, and Sustainable Development
by Federal Facilities Council. Washington, DC: National
Academy Press, 2001.
UB High Performance Building Guidelines by the University at
Buffalo, The State University of New York. 2004.
Relevant Codes and Standards
ANSI/TIA/EIA-568 Commercial Building
Telecommunications Cabling Standard
ANSI/TIA/EIA-569 Commercial Building Standard for
Telecommunication Pathways and Spaces
ANSI/TIA J-STD-607-A Commercial Building Grounding
(Earthing) and Bonding Requirements for
Telecommunications
FIPS PUB 174 Federal Building Telecommunications
Wiring Standard
FIPS PUB 175 Federal Building Standard for
Telecommunication Pathways and Spaces
TIA TSB72 Centralized Optical Fiber Cabling Guidelines
TIA TSB75 Additional Horizontal Cabling Practices for
Open Offices
Organizations/Associations
The American Institute of Architects (AIA):
AIA Edges Newsletter of the TAP
AIA Integrated Practice page
AIA Technology in Practice (TAP) Knowledge Community page
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE):
The Building Technology Roadmaps Program: for DOE technology
research into various building components and building types
Building the Green Data Center
© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
65
Datacenter: Proposals and Solutions
REDUCE Performance whenever possible
“Underclocking”: reducing performance-state of CPU
reduces power/cooling needs for Servers
Out-of-band mgmt (BMC) = no OS tuning
Management via OS gives more granular control
What is the equivalent for Storage?
TAPE or Optical? (trade-off response time vs. energy)
Disk drives and RAID arrays
Slower drives where possible (Design choice vs. Dynamic)
Power off selected drives: MAID (Massive Array of Idle Disks)
Building the Green Data Center
© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
66
Datacenter Options: (Mech, Elec, Plumbing)
Convert from AC to DC distribution
Can be partial conversion (DC arrays available)
Run at higher voltage (240 vs. 120)
Increase Power Supply efficiency
80 PLUS program (www.80plus.org/servers.htm)
Operate Cooling effectively
Leverage sensors, Follow basic rules (hot/cold aisles)
Computational Fluid Dynamics (get some help!)
Run Generator-testing for Peak-shaving
Negotiate with your power supplier for discounts
Building the Green Data Center
© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.
67