D Series Maintenance Manual Date: January, 2010 Page: 3C2-4 MAINTENANCE EXTERIOR CLEANING Regular washing to remove accumulated dust and dirt is recommended. Do not use alkaline cleaners on aluminum parts; corrosion could result. Use only mild detergent and a soft brush. Do not use abrasive cleaners, polish, or steel wool, which can remove the protective coating and may scratch and discolor the finish. New Finishes The exterior of the coach requires special attention during the first 60 days after it is painted. During this time, the paint is still curing and hardening. A high pressure prewash is vital to remove as much grit and grime as possible before brushing. Detergent may or may not be used with the prewash (see Figure 3). 1 25---40 Ft. 1. During the curing period, wash by hand only. Clean frequently using clean water rinses. If the coach exterior is extremely soiled, use a mild, neutral pH, nonabrasive detergent and clean water. 2. DO NOT use high pressure washers until the paint has cured and hardened. 3. Never apply wax to DuPont Imron paint; wax can damage the paint. 4. After the curing period, wash normally (see Routine Washing). Routine Washing Wash and rinse water must be free of solids. Ensure that recirculating systems are properly designed, maintained and monitored. Two types of detergent are necessary for optimum washing efficiency. Use solvent-based, dissolving detergent with the prewash spray and highly lubricating detergent with the brushes. Follow detergent manufacturer’s recommendations for concentrations of cleaning agents. Where possible, 90_--110_F (32_--43_C) water should be used with detergent. Most commercial detergents contain sequestering agents and are effective in water of up to 8 grains hardness. If the detergent does not contain sequestering agents, water should be softened to 4 grains hardness or less. Follow detergent supplier recommendations for detergent and soft water requirements. FINAL RINSE LUBRICATING SPRAY BRUSH 2 5---7’ Hand wash only. Do not use high pressure washers during the curing period. Damage to the paint surface can result. HIGH PRESSURE WATER PREWASH DETERGENT PREWASH HIGH PRESSURE WATER PREWASH 25---40 Ft. DETERGENT PREWASH BRUSH FINAL RINSE LUBRICATING SPRAY 3 25---40 Ft. HIGH PRESSURE DETERGENT PREWASH LUBRICATING SPRAY BRUSH FINAL RINSE 2638 Figure 3. Washing Equipment Cycle If detergent is used in the prewash, allow enough time for the detergent to soften the grime before other washing steps. In cases where the prewash spray does not contain detergent, a small additional spray arm should be installed to cover the window area only. The window spray arm should be located about 5-7 feet (1.5-2.1 m) away from the prewash spray. The window spray arm may also be located before the main prewash station if sufficient distance can be provided to allow the detergent time to act; detergent action is most effective if applied about 25-40 feet at 1-2 mph (7.6-12.2 m at 1.6-3.2 kph). Tampico-fibered brushes are recommended. Polypropylene is normally satisfactory, but brush filaments with a high wax content (certain polyethylenes) should be avoided since the wax leaves deposits. Synthetic filament is normally supplied with an X--shaped cross-section. Since this type of cross section can trap grit against the side, round or circular cross-sectional shapes are recommended. Filament suppliers make round filament available upon request. Copyright 2010 -- Motor Coach Industries Int’l, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All Rights Reserved P/N 3L--15--925R D Series Maintenance Manual Date: January, 2010 Many washers are designed with more than one set of side brushes. Since abrasion occurs when brushes contact the coach, it is important to minimize the exposure of windows to brush contact. One set of brushes should be deactivated from the side washing function. Where two sets of side brushes are deemed necessary, it is especially important that the brushes be properly adjusted and maintained to minimize abrasion. Brush pressure should be as low as possible. Do not allow more than 6 inches of filament to overlap the coach as the brush turns. The coach should travel through the prewash, wash and rinse at 1-2 mph (1.6-3.2 kph). Never stop the coach while it is in contact with the brushes. Many washers include a rinse spray to clean grit from the brush. This should be retained and its position optimized. The final rinse should be high pressure and high volume, with a minimum delivery of 125 GPM. Cleaning Magnesium Chloride and Calcium Chloride When operating in areas where snow is present, extra care in cleaning must be taken. Ice and snow treatments like calcium chloride add a more severe degree of corrosion if left unchecked. When it comes to maintenance, washing vehicles to try to keep the chemicals off the metal is important. There is no clear answer to the question of what washing strategies are best. Pressure washing may only push the chemical mixture further into tiny cracks and crevices. In addition, the new chlorides tend to stick to surfaces more than traditional road salt, and may need physical action to get them off rather than just spraying them with wash water. Keep in mind that more cleaning liquid is not necessarily better--in some cases, an over--concentration of washing compound may actually attack some of the plastics that are there to provide corrosion resistance. Electrical connectors and systems must be inspected weekly. Foam socket inserts that slide over the pins in seven--way connector sockets, go into the base to seal out moisture, and are effective to prevent corrosion. Any time a tractor or trailer is repaired, use a heat shrink terminal that seals out moisture. The old nylon and PVC terminals are unsealed, easily allowing contaminants inside. Brakes need special attention when inspection and routine maintenance are done to inspect for corrosion. Using gladhand seals with dust flaps, which keep contaminants out of the air system when the trailer is unthethered, is recommended. It is very easy for Page: 3C2-5 rainwater to become contaminated with the chlorides on the trailer surfaces and creep into the air system. Corrosive material can get inside the air lines and air tanks. It is more critical than ever to maintain the air driers and keep water drained from the air system. CORROSION PREVENTION The entire underside of the coach is sprayed with a heavy application of tectyl undercoating. All fasteners are corrosion resistant. The coach operating environment determines the amount of dirt and corrosion that will accumulate over any given period. Corrosion can be controlled by preventive maintenance. As part of regular service, inspect all coach structures that are likely to corrode. Road splash affects the body and causes moisture, dirt and road salt to accumulate in crevices and on flanges causing corrosion. Wash frequently, depending on operating conditions. Wash daily when the coach is exposed to road salt. IMPORTANT: Failure to properly maintain the body surfaces and structural components of the coach affects the coach warranty. Certain areas of the coach are more susceptible to corrosion than others and must be inspected more frequently. Preventive Maintenance: Seasonal Inspection Before and after the winter, thoroughly inspect the coach exterior body and understructure for corrosion. 1. Wash the coach body, undercarriage, and cavities to remove all accumulated dirt and salt. 2. Inspect for signs of corrosion or bare metal (see Exterior Body Inspection, Understructure Inspection). Exterior Body Inspection 1. Remove the bumpers. Clean thoroughly and remove corrosion; apply paint as required. 2. Remove the sash and belt moldings from the coach body (see Figure 4), Remove accumulated dirt and inspect sealant between sidewall panels and lower body panels for signs of decay and cracks. Apply Sikaflex sealant as required. Inspect for loose rivets and replace as necessary. Reinstall moldings. 3. Loosen the rub rail molding and clean behind it. Inspect for corrosion. Clean thoroughly and remove corrosion; apply paint as required. Reinstall rub rail. Copyright 2010 -- Motor Coach Industries Int’l, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All Rights Reserved P/N 3L--15--925R D Series Maintenance Manual Date: January, 2010 Page: 3C2-6 5. Remove the fenders (see Figure 6). Clean thoroughly and remove corrosion; apply paint as required. Reinstall the fenders. Figure 4. Molding and Rub Rail Inspection 4. Inspect the entrance doors and moldings (see Figure 5). Clean thoroughly and remove corrosion; apply paint as required. Figure 6. Fender Inspection 6. Inspect all panels, seams and fasteners. Clean thoroughly and remove corrosion; apply paint as required. 7. Inspect the window sashes, frames and moldings (see Figure 7). Clean thoroughly and remove corrosion; apply paint as required. Figure 7. Window Frame and Molding Inspection Figure 5. Entrance Doors Inspection 8. Inspect the drip moldings (see Figure 8), roof cap, and panel seams. Check for loose rivets. Replace as required. Copyright 2010 -- Motor Coach Industries Int’l, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All Rights Reserved P/N 3L--15--925R D Series Maintenance Manual Date: January, 2010 Page: 3C2-7 Baggage Compartment Floor Inspection 1. Clean thoroughly and remove corrosion from baggage compartment floors, flanges, bulkheads, beams and fasteners (see Figure 9). 2. Apply undercoat as required. D00167 Figure 8. Drip Molding Inspection Understructure Inspection Any damaged paint, undercoating or corrosion must be repaired immediately as follows: 1. Remove dirt, grease and oil (See Surface Preparation). 2. Remove corrosion and loose Tectyl coating with a wire brush or by other means such as sandblasting. Figure 9. Baggage Compartment Floor Inspection Rear Bogie Area Inspection 1. Clean thoroughly and remove corrosion from flanges, seams, bulkheads, the bogie, all air lines and components, electrical harnesses, connectors, and fasteners (see Figure 10). 2. Replace corroded lines, connectors and fasteners. 3. Apply undercoat as required. Sandblasting can be used for cleaning bulkheads, brackets and other structural members. Do not sandblast exterior side paneling. Do not sandblast excessively. Follow safe shop practices when sandblasting. Wear hearing protection, a face shield, gloves, protective clothing and respiration equipment. D00168 Figure 10. Rear Bogie Area Inspection Copyright 2010 -- Motor Coach Industries Int’l, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All Rights Reserved P/N 3L--15--925R D Series Maintenance Manual Date: January, 2010 Engine / Tire Compartments Inspection 1. Clean thoroughly and remove corrosion from flanges, seams, bulkheads, the engine and tire compartments, all air lines and components, electrical harnesses, connectors, and fasteners. 2. Replace corroded lines, connectors, and fasteners. 3. Apply undercoat as required. STRUCTURAL WELDING NOTE: Refer to the welding Caution in the introductory pages of this manual before starting any welding operation. NOTE: Refer to Specifications: Welding Rod Applications. Welding must conform to American Welding Society specification D1.1 Structural Welding Code -- Steel. The frame structures are welded steel. The high-strength Corten steel front and rear bogie assemblies are jig welded to ensure proper alignment of the main radius rod attaching points. All of the lower frame components, including truss frames, are manufactured from stainless steel. PANEL REPLACEMENT Metal or fiberglass body panel replacement requires removal of rivets, metal screws or capscrews. Aluminum rivets can be removed by drilling out the rivet with a drill slightly smaller than the body of the rivet. When drilling out pop rivets, always push out the stem first. Page: 3C2-8 NOTE: Only drill 4 or 5 holes at one time. Do not drill all the holes and then rivet. Prior to riveting, ensure correct alignment. Hand-operated guns and lazy tongs for pulling Cherry rivets, Imex rivets, and Pop rivets are available from MCI. Contact MCI Service Parts for information. NOTE: Most panel repairs or replacements will require a sealant. Refer to the Parts Manual for appropriate materials. Fiberglass Panel Repairs Fiberglass repair generally consists of reinforcing cracked or broken areas. Application of fiberglass to the back or underside of a damaged panel may allow it to be refinished and painted. Large holes, torn sections, and separated joints require layed-up cloth and resin repair. Small exterior depressions, scratches or pits can be repaired using body putty. Always use rubber gloves and a mask when working with resins. If resin contacts skin, wipe with denatured alcohol or clean thinner. Protective hand creams are available and their use is recommended. 3. Drill holes through the panel from the underside of the channel. If disc grinding or sanding, wear a respirator and goggles. Resin dust is combustible; do not use an electric sander. To sand resin, use a low- speed, air- driven sander with water flush attachment; a dry sander with a vacuum bag attachment may also be used. The following tools and materials will assist in making repairs. Hacksaw blade, assorted files, emery paper or cloth (No. 150 grit or finer), scissors or tin snips, wax paper or cellophane sheets, small 3 inch (76.2 mm) grooved roller, paint brush, putty knife, acetone and one or more heat lamps. For best results the ambient temperature should be 70-75_F (21-24_C) when making repairs. 1. Remove all loose particles or damaged material using a power sander or rasp. Where necessary, sand paint away. 2. Grind or file the damaged area to form a V--shaped notch at the broken or cracked portion. Sides of the notch should have a shallow pitch for maximum bonding area. NOTE: Existing holes in the roof bow channel may be used as a template. NOTE: Roughening the surface improves adhesion of resin. If replacement of fiberglass roof or front lower cap panels is required, fit the old panel to the underside of the new panel and mark the locations of rivet holes. 1. If the roof bow channels are bent or damaged, they should be repaired or replaced in order to match the contours of the fiberglass panel. Some areas may require shims. Mark the location and thickness of each shim. 2. Remove the panel and sand the marked areas to roughen the mounting surfaces. Apply Dolphinite sealer to the channel mounting surface and the sanded area. Clamp the panels and shims in place. Inspect the panel for proper fit. Copyright 2010 -- Motor Coach Industries Int’l, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All Rights Reserved P/N 3L--15--925R