Q
Lighting education: past and future
QWhy
preserving our lighting heritage is so important
1
Editorial
SLL Coordinator
Julie Kane
Tel: 020 8675 5211
jkane@cibse.org
Editor
Jill Entwistle
email: jillentwistle@yahoo.com
Communications committee:
Stewart Langdown MSLL (chairman)
Jill Entwistle
Iain Carlile MSLL
Liz Peck FSLL
Rachael Nichols
Kristina Allison AMSLL
Mark Ingram MSLL
All contributions are the responsibility of the author, and do not necessarily UHÀHFWWKHYLHZVRIWKHVRFLHW\$OO
contributions are personal, except where attributed to an organisation represented by the author.
Copy date for NL6 2013 is 23 September
Published by
The Society of Light and Lighting
222 Balham High Road
London SW12 9BS
www.sll.org.uk
ISSN 1461-­524X
© The Society of Light and Lighting
The Society of Light and Lighting is part of the Chartered Institution of Building 6HUYLFHV(QJLQHHUV%DOKDP+LJK
Road, London SW12 9BS. Charity registration no 278104
Produced by
Printed in UK
This month Hugh Ogus steps down as chair of the LET. One suspects that he had little idea of what he was in for when he agreed to take on the position in 1995, nor how many years KHZRXOGEHLQYROYHGVHHS
But while he will always modestly DQGMXVWL¿DEO\SRLQWWRWKHWHDPHIIRUW
WKDWERWKVDYHGWKH%DUWOHWWFRXUVH
and took lighting education to a ZKROHQHZOHYHOZLWKD¿UVWGHJUHH
TXDOL¿FDWLRQQRZRQWKHKRUL]RQWKH
DFKLHYHPHQWVDUHODUJHO\GRZQWRKLV
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Lighting education in this country owes him an enormous amount.
Jill Entwistle
jillentwistle@yahoo.com
LETTERS...LETTERS...LETTERS...LETTERS...LETTERS...LETTERS...
LETTERS...
Following his problems with bathroom UHÀHFWRUVSRWODPSV1/0D\-XQHDQG
-XO\$XJXVW$UWKXU7DUUDQWDVNVµ,V
it not against regulations to offer E27 lamps without fuses?’
Regulations require electrical products to be safe and are deemed to be so if they comply with European Harmonised standards. In the case of ordinary incandescent lamps, BS EN 60432-­1 is such a standard. Although this does not specify fusing as a requirement it does say that when WHVWHGXQGHUVSHFL¿HGFRQGLWLRQVODPS
failure shall not be accompanied by EUHDNDJHRIWKHRXWHUJODVVHQYHORSH
nor its ejection from the cap. For bayonet capped lamps it is also required that there shall not be a short circuit to the cap shell after the test.
The test conditions comprise an LQGXFHGIDLOXUHWHVWDQGRUDEXUQLQJWR
failure test. Both include a prescribed supply impedance to allow a substantial FXUUHQWWRÀRZLIWKH¿ODPHQWVKRUW
circuits, as it usually does for most lamps. Other parts of the standard deal with testing the cap-­to-­bulb adhesion at the highest temperature at which the luminaire is allowed to operate it.
Many manufacturers just use bare wires between the cap and the lamp acting as fuses. The high current ZKLFKÀRZVRQIDLOXUHFDXVHVWKHVHWR
FRPSOHWHO\HYDSRUDWH,IWKHFDSWREXOE
adhesion is weak or non-­existent the excess pressure will cause the glass part of the lamp to part company, just as Dr Tarrant describes in his response to John Pickup. Before saying that the loss of adhesion is a lamp fault, it is necessary to know whether its temperature in the luminaire was not RYHUWKHOLPLW,QWKHFDVHRI'U7DUUDQW¶V
other lamp failure, described in his earlier letter, where the cap in the KROGHUZDVµQHDWO\HGJHGZLWKEURNHQ
glass’, this was almost certainly a lamp problem of poor fuse design.
A CE mark indicates that the maker RULPSRUWHUFRQ¿UPVWKDWLWPHHWVWKH
UHOHYDQWKDUPRQLVHGVWDQGDUGVDQG
so can be freely sold in the European Market). But how much proper testing is there to back up this claim ?
Ray Burgin CEng FSLL
Front cover: Lakewood Garden Mausoleum, Minnesota, by HGA Front
cover:
Architects and Engineers. Photography: Paul Crosby Photography
2
Secretary’s column
The summer months can be a quiet time with many taking well-­earned holidays, but here at SLL we’re busy organising HYHQWVIRU\RXUUHWXUQLQ6HSWHPEHU
The 2013-­14 Masterclass series is in WKH¿QDOSODQQLQJVWDJHVHH1HZVS
Following last year’s delegate feedback, the series theme will focus on energy UHGXFWLRQLQTXDOLW\OLWHQYLURQPHQWV
The Sponsors in Partnership will each GHOLYHUDSUHVHQWDWLRQZLWKWKHFORVLQJ
SUHVHQWDWLRQGHOLYHUHGE\DJXHVW
speaker focusing on daylight. Included within the topics will be the latest information on lamps, technology and controls, legislation and applied legislation, the new Enhanced Capital Allowance scheme, case studies and intelligent lighting design. There’ll be a chance for speaker and delegate debate following the presentations. This year’s Masterclasses will take place in: Birmingham, Portsmouth, Manchester, Bristol, Leeds, Belfast, Glasgow and /RQGRQ)RUPRUHGHWDLOVYLVLWWKH
website (www.sll.org.uk).
The society will again be present at WKLV\HDU¶V/X[/LYHHYHQWDW(DUOV&RXUW
1RYHPEHU0LQL0DVWHUFODVVHVZLOO
take place on Wednesday 20 and we’ll DOVREHKRVWLQJWKH¿QDOSUHVHQWDWLRQVIRU
the Young Lighter of the Year (YLOTY) DZDUGRQ7KXUVGD\1RYHPEHULQWKH
Tech Theatre. The winner of YLOTY will EHDQQRXQFHGDWWKH/X[/LYH$ZDUGV
'LQQHUWKHVDPHHYHQLQJ
The stand will be located at H28 so please do come and say hello. :H¶OOKDYHDPHPEHUVKLSFOLQLFJLYLQJ
HYHU\RQHDQRSSRUWXQLW\WRUHYLHZWKHLU
current membership grade with the opportunity to upgrade your membership should you meet the requirements. If not, then at least we can let you know what you need to do. If you don’t want to wait until then to upgrade then please do drop the SLL Team a line (sll@cibse.org).
Contents
Editorial
2
Secretary’s column
3
News
4
Course of action
5
Hugh Ogus looks back on the
foundation of the LET, while
Bob Venning looks to the future
Trick of the light
Thomas Schielke looks at
CAD visualisation from an
architect’s viewpoint
Ready, Steady, Light will again take place at Rose Bruford College on 18 March 2014 and we’ll soon be sending a call out for teams to take part in the HYHQW7KLVDQQXDOHYHQWLVDPXVWIRUDOO
interested in light and the application of light, as well as a great day out.
$GGLWLRQDOHYHQWVZLOOEHSODQQHG
WKURXJKRXWWKH8.RYHUWKHQH[W
months through the London HYHQWV
FRPPLWWHHDQGUHJLRQDOUHSUHVHQWDWLYHV
network so please do log on to the HYHQWVSDJHRIWKH6//ZHEVLWHWRNHHS
updated.
There’s still time for all within the lighting industry to enter their companies, projects and products into the Building Performance Awards. The deadline for entries is 12 September and the call for OLJKWLQJSDSHUDEVWUDFWVIRUWKH&,%6(
ASHRAE Technical Symposium in Dublin in April 2014 closes on 15 September WKLV\HDU6RSOHDVHYLVLWWKHWUDLQLQJDQG
HYHQWVSDJHRIWKH&,%6(ZHEVLWHIRU
more information.
7
Getting the measure
9
Experimental protocols and
natural light are key themes in
the latest LR&T, finds Iain Carlile
Why the past is
illuminating
10
Richard Forster argues for
preserving our lighting heritage
Cover project
11
IALD Merit award winner:
Lakewood Garden Mausoleum
Brendan Keely, MSLL
bkeely@cibse.org
Events
12
3
Energy reduction: SLL Masterclass Why the blues?
programme 2013/14 announced
The schedule of dates and places has now been set for the new season of Masterclasses which begins in October.
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UHGXFWLRQ7KHIRUPDWKDVEHHQUHYLVHG
slightly, with 30-­minute presentations interspersed by debate and discussion RQWKHLQGLYLGXDOWRSLFV
+HOHQ/RRPHVEXVLQHVVGHYHORSPHQW
manager of Trilux, will look at New Enhanced Capital Allowance. Among the areas she will examine will be the EHQH¿WVDQGQHZUHTXLUHPHQWVRIWKH
VFKHPHWKHDGGLWLRQDODGYDQWDJHVRI
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Loomes will also look at an industrial case study that successfully claimed the DOORZDQFHDQGDQRI¿FHOLJKWLQJFDVH
VWXG\LQYROYLQJDQXSGDWHWR/('VWKDW
will meet the new requirements.
Another speaker is Duncan Abbott, EXVLQHVVGHYHORSPHQWPDQDJHURI:LOD
Lighting, whose presentation will be 24 October: Birmingham
1RYHPEHU3RUWVPRXWK
1RYHPEHU/X[/LYH
5 December: Manchester
30 January: Bristol
27 February: Leeds
27 March: Belfast
30 April: Glasgow
22 May: London
Energy Reduction Through Intelligent Lighting Design. Abbott will examine the importance of good scheme design XVLQJGD\OLJKWWKHVHOHFWLRQRIHI¿FLHQW
luminaires without compromising light TXDOLW\WKHXVHRIFRQWUROVWRGHOLYHUWKH
right light to the right place at the right WLPHDQGSRVWRFFXSDQF\HYDOXDWLRQWR
YHULI\HQHUJ\UHGXFWLRQ
There will also be presentations from UHSUHVHQWDWLYHVRI3KLOLSV7KRUQDQGQHZ
VSRQVRU+HOYDU
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0DVWHUFODVVHVZLOOWDNHSODFHDW/X[/LYH
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Light relief
A new light therapy solution for chronic pain sufferers based on simulating GD\OLJKWKDVEHHQGHYHORSHGE\2VUDP
and installed at the Interdisciplinary Pain Therapy Centre in Munich. The clinic is WKHZRUOG¶V¿UVWSDLQFHQWUHWRLQFOXGH
ZKDW2VUDPGHVFULEHVDVµELRORJLFDOO\
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The ceiling solution features a FRPELQDWLRQRI/('DQGÀXRUHVFHQWOLJKW
controlled by a Dali system to produce different light colours and patterns. Illuminances of up to 4000 lux are now possible in the physiotherapy and group therapy rooms, as well as the clinic’s reception and waiting area, eight times EULJKWHUWKDQRUGLQDU\OLJKWLQJLQRI¿FHV
and close to natural daylight conditions.
3UDFWLWLRQHUVDUHKRSLQJWRDOOHYLDWH
conditions such as arthritis and muscle LQÀDPPDWLRQ([SHFWHGEHQH¿WVLQFOXGH
better sleep at night, increased alertness GXULQJWKHGD\DQGDQRYHUDOOLPSURYHG
physiological and psychological health. The Munich centre will be scientifcally assessing the results.
µ7KHVROXWLRQKDVEHHQGHVLJQHGWR
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other pain centres, clinics and doctors’ practices,’ said Andreas Wojtysiak of 4
2VUDPµ:HDQWLFLSDWHLWEHLQJDGRSWHG at other pain centres across the globe.’
µ,IWKHOLJKWFRQFHSWZRUNVLQWKH
PDQQHUZHHQYLVDJHLQSDLQWKHUDS\WKH
next few years will certainly see it being established as a standard treatment IRUVSHFL¿FWKHUDSHXWLFXQLWV¶VDLG3URI
Thomas Tölle, director of the centre and president of the German Pain Society. µ,WFRXOGDOVREHXVHGLQSODFHVZKHUHD
high degree of concentration is required, IRULQVWDQFHLQVFKRROVRU¿UHVHUYLFH
control centres.’
Photography: James Newton
NEWS...NEWS...NEWS...NEWS...NEWS...NEWS...NEWS...NEWS...NEWS...NEWS...NEWS...NEWS...NEWS...NEWS...
/RUD.DOHYDDQG&ROLQ%DOORI%'3DUH
appealing to all lighting professionals, especially those in urban lighting, to help them collect data on the use of blue lighting in exterior projects. They will present the results at the 2013 PLDC in &RSHQKDJHQ2FWREHUWR1RYHPEHU
in a talk entitled Why the Blues?
They want lighting professionals to tell them if and why they use the colour blue, and gather facts on how the colour VWDQGVLQWKHOLJKWLQJLQGXVWU\7KHVXUYH\
LQYROYHVDQVZHULQJIRXUVLPSOHTXHVWLRQV
on the website below.
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Stockton, lighting by Speirs and Major)
www.surveymonkey.com/s/TNM89JD
On the
lighter side...
It doesn’t matter how many times lighting designers bang on about the importance of surfaces and UHÀHFWDQFHVRPHEULJKWFUHDWLYHVSDUN
always decides that a light-­soaking GDUNJUH\LVLQ¿QLWHO\SUHIHUDEOH7KH
message has got through at Desso though, which has introduced a new FDUSHWFROOHFWLRQFDOOHG/LJKW5HÀHFWLRQ
Master. It can increase the brightness of a room by up to 14 per cent, and can cut lighting bills by up to 10 per cent, the company claims.
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enjoys more than nine hours of VXQVKLQHDGD\RQDYHUDJHPDQ\
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the area to start addressing before worrying about the carpet...
Education
Course of action
This month Hugh Ogus steps down as chair of the Lighting Education Trust which
he was instrumental in founding. He looks back at its history, while his successor,
Bob Venning, outlines plans for the next phase
Hugh Ogus: Founding the LET
Bob Venning: Looking to the future
The LET was established in 1995 as a charitable trust for µWKHDGYDQFHPHQWRISXEOLF
education in the subject of lighting and lighting design, and engineering by funding VXFKXQLYHUVLW\GHJUHHFRXUVHV
and such other courses at any educational establishments as the trustees shall from time to time decide’.
,KDYHWDNHQWKDWTXRWDWLRQ
directly from the LET website ZKHUH\RXZLOO¿QGORWVRIYDOXDEOHLQIRUPDWLRQRQWKHWUXVW
+XJK2JXVKDVEHHQWKHFKDLUDQGGULYLQJIRUFHEHKLQG the LET since its inception and it is my honour to step into his shoes to guide it into the second phase of its existence.
8QWLOQRZZHKDYHEHHQOD\LQJWKHIRXQGDWLRQVWRQHVIRU the future and asking the industry and profession to help us VDYHDQGGHYHORSOLJKWLQJHGXFDWLRQ8.
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of our remit, which is lighting education.
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bringing it back in-­house. The diploma, launched in 2001, is a distance-­learning course, run by the LET in association ZLWK/RQGRQ6RXWK%DQN8QLYHUVLW\$LPHGDWSHRSOHDOUHDG\
employed in the profession, though often taken by those FKDQJLQJIURPDQRWKHUVSHFLDOLW\LWZDVWKH¿UVWWUXO\QDWLRQDO
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those wishing to boost their academic knowledge in lighting as DZKROHRULQVSHFL¿FDVSHFWVRIWKHVXEMHFW
The course is being rewritten with a greater emphasis on lighting design and it will be reorganised so that it comes into OLQHZLWKRWKHUGLVWDQFHOHDUQLQJFRXUVHVLQWKDWLWZLOOKDYHD
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We are making all workshops E-­workshops to enable 5
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The origin of the Lighting Education Trust lies in my chance meeting RQDWUDLQLQZLWK.HYLQ
0DQV¿HOGQRZGRFWRUDQGFRXUVH
director of the MSc Light and /LJKWLQJDW8&/%DUWOHWW'DYLG/RH
who established the course there in 1987 and had remained as director, ZDVPRYLQJRQDQGWKHFRXUVHZDV
in danger of folding. Substantial commercial sponsorship was FRPLQJWRDQHQGDQGVR.HYLQZDV
VHHNLQJDOWHUQDWLYHIXQGLQJ
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go and a quick round of the table saw pledges from many FRPSDQLHVWRSURYLGHDPRGHVWVXPLQLWLDOO\RYHUD¿YH\HDU
period, as industry support. LIF council and director Ernest Magog thought the project would best be administered as a charity through the professional institutions. All eyes fell on me DV,KDGKHOGWKHFRXQFLOFKDLURIHGXFDWLRQIRUPDQ\\HDUV±
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chairman, during which time I had signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the ILE (now ILP).
I wasn’t looking for a job as I was also just completing a year DV0DVWHU/LJKWPRQJHUDQGZDQWHGWRGHYRWHVRPHWLPHWRP\
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annual grant, I found enthusiastic support from CIBSE council DQGLWVSUHVLGHQW'DYLG/XVK,/(FRXQFLODQGLWVSUHVLGHQW
Mike Simpson, as well as practical backing from Andrew Ramsay, CIBSE secretary, who registered the charity. CIBSE and ILE became joint trustees and I became the third trustee EHFDXVHWKH&KDULW\&RPPLVVLRQLQVLVWVRQDµQDWXUDOSHUVRQ¶
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remains a stalwart and Bob is taking charge of the teenage trust. Others whose names will be recognised by many and ZKRJDYHLQYDOXDEOHVXSSRUWLQWKHHDUO\\HDUVLQFOXGH9LF Neal, Gerry Brown, Alan Spalding and Pasha Fuad, as well DV/HV1RUPDQIRUPHUO\RI/RQGRQ6RXWK%DQN8QLYHUVLW\ ZKRLVFRQWLQXLQJDVDYROXQWHHU
The list of sponsors has widened from the manufacturers and now includes consultancies, independent lighting design companies and, most importantly, the IALD. We really do span the industry and profession.
/(7KDVDOZD\VEHHQVWDIIHGHQWLUHO\E\YROXQWHHUV±QRERG\
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much dedicated work. I pay tribute in particular to (alphabetical RUGHU.HOYLQ$XVWLQ'RPLQLF0H\ULFN-HII6KDZ%RE9HQQLQJ
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Diamond Jubilee Queen’s Birthday Honours for an MBE, it really EHORQJVWRDOORIWKRVHZKRKDYHSOD\HGDSDUWLQEULQJLQJWKH
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My enthusiasm is not waning but, with four score years on the horizon, time is telling me to step back. I pledge continued VXSSRUWWR%RE9HQQLQJDV,KDQGRYHUWRKLPDWDQH[FLWLQJ
time for the trust and the industry.
V
Education
students from anywhere in the world to complete their study IURPKRPHREYLDWLQJWKHQHFHVVLW\RIWUDYHOOLQJWR/RQGRQ
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diploma course as a fundamental lighting course (it is already HVWDEOLVKHGLQ,QGLD(YHQWXDOO\ZHKRSHWRPDNHWKHGLSORPD
course an international standard.
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to its world-­renowned product design course, but we are progressing toward a proper degree course in lighting design ZLWKDFRPPRQ¿UVW\HDUFRXUVHDVSDUWRIWKHSURGXFWGHVLJQ
faculty. This appears to be a realistic plan and we hope to UHDOLVHWKLVJRDOZLWKLQ¿YH\HDUV
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and colleges of further education to explore the possibilities of starting additional lighting courses. We will also continue to SURYLGHVXSSRUWDWWHUWLDU\OHYHOWKURXJKWKH06FFRXUVHDWWKH
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I also hope to produce a coordinated approach across the 6
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hopes that the Lighting Diploma course will also generate funds so that we are not totally reliant on industry. The third target is to establish a group of manufacturers who would be willing to support the Brunel second year luminaire design project by supplying all or part of the LED modules and GULYHUVIRUWKHVWXGHQWVWRXVHLQWKHLUSURMHFWV7KLVLVDOOSDUWRI
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realistic aims. The next phase in the LET’s life promises to be DVH[FLWLQJDVWKH¿UVWSKDVH
For more information on the LET go to www.
lightingeducationtrust.org. Anyone who would like to be a mentor/tutor please leave your name and contact details with Julie Kane at the SLL (sll@cibse.org)
Discussion
Trick of the light
In recent years the use of CAD and simulation programmes has resulted in a new understanding of light in architecture. 7KHGUDZLQJERDUGDQGLWVODPSKDYHJLYHQZD\WRWKHVHOI
illuminating monitor. The result is that concepts in architecture DUHQRZPDGHRIOLJKWIURPWKHYHU\¿UVWPRXVHFOLFN,QWKH
YLVXDOLVDWLRQSURFHVVOXPLQRXVVSDFHQRZSUHGRPLQDWHV
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impression (part and parcel of the perfect, rendered setting) become more important than the engineering or architectural FRQFHSWLWVHOI":LWKWKHLPSURYHGLQWHUSOD\RIVKDGHVFRQWUDVW
and brilliance, can lighting actually obscure the point of a realistic simulation?
While shades of sunlight can be illustrated in sketches with UHODWLYHHDVHLPDJLQLQJWKHLQWHUDFWLRQRIPXOWLSOHOLJKWVRXUFHV
LQDVSDFHTXLFNO\EHFRPHVGLI¿FXOW%HIRUHWKHQHZPLOOHQQLXP
architectural plans used to be displayed without indirect light due to a lack of hardware resources.
Axel Groß, Electric Gobo, www.gobo.io
Is it okay to cheat with the lighting? Thomas Schielke looks
at CAD visualisation from an architect’s viewpoint
Foyer concept and previsualisation for Erco
Visualisation for Erco
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Architecture, created with proces2 software
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But today, modern rendering engines can clearly display daylight as well as incorporate indirect illumination interacting with surfaces, generating images with photographic realism. )XUWKHUPRUHYLUWXDOOXPLQDLUHVZLWKSKRWRPHWULFGDWDRIIHUWKH
option to calculate illumination with physical accuracy, which DOORZVIRUSUHFLVHTXDQWLWDWLYHDQDO\VLVLQDGGLWLRQWRDHVWKHWLF
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+'5IRUPDWRIIHUVDJUHDWHUVFRSHRIFRQWUDVWWKDQSUHYLRXV
processes with eight-­bit and 255 gradations, and theoretically FRYHUVWKHIXOOOXPLQDQFHUDQJHRIQDWXUHLQZKLFKWKHVXQLV
10,000 times brighter than a shaded zone), the perception of a perfect HDR rendering in print or on screen still does not fully compare to the atmospheric impression of a real, bright space. This is because image media currently cannot transmit factors such as glare or adaptation.
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initially unconsidered, understandings of and ways of using OLJKW±DVGLFWDWHGE\WKHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVDQGOLPLWDWLRQVRIWKH
current hardware and software. (UFR(OHFWULF*RER$[HO*UR‰
‘Has the luminous impression
become more important than
the engineering or architectural
concept itself? Can lighting
actually obscure the point of a
realistic simulation?’
7
‘Two distinct approaches to
visualisation have emerged: on
the one hand, scientific engineers
who are mainly interested in
quantitative data analysis; on
the other, visionary designers
who seek a subtle or impressive
atmosphere with light’
For Birn, lighting and cinematography are arts and not sciences. No matter the lighting style, it only matters that the OLJKWLVEHOLHYDEOHWRWKHYLHZHU7KHUHIRUHWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQW
requirement is that the image is internally consistent, in other words showing a beam of direct sunlight brighter than the light of a task lamp or forming a shadow correctly.
Of course, the challenge for architecture starts when a client LVNHHQRQWKHLPDJLQDWLYHYLVXDOLVDWLRQDQGWKHQDVNVWKH
architect to make the concept a reality.
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produce;; the spatial dynamics for precise lighting simulations require considerable computer power.
In the case of the Graz Art Museum by realities:united, DQDEVWUDFWSURMHFWWKDWXVHVDFRPSOH[YLGHRPDSSLQJ
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Zero Energy Media Wall in Beijing by Simone Giostra and Partners and Arup similarly reduced realistic lighting details for WKHEHQH¿WRIDIDVWHUUHQGHULQJSURFHVV
The NIX project study by realities:united (www.realities-­
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particularly naturalistic in all lighting details, at least allowed DG\QDPLFLPSUHVVLRQDQGGLIIHUHQWSHUVSHFWLYHVWKDWYLYLGO\
demonstrated the interaction between the interior lighting and WKHHIIHFWRQWKHXUEDQHQYLURQPHQW
8
Oslo Central Station by Space Group
Concept and visualisation for Autodesk using mental ray software $QGVRSHUKDSVµFKHDWLQJ¶LVDSUHIHUDEOHDOWHUQDWLYHRQH
WKDWPRUHDFFXUDWHO\FRQYH\VWKHLQWHQWRIWKHSURMHFWUDWKHU
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This article is republished with the kind permission of ArchDaily (www.archdaily.com/402163 ). Thomas Schielke heads Erco’s didactic and communication division and co-­authored the book Light Perspectives. He has taught lighting design at various universities and DQGOHFWXUHGDW+DUYDUG0,7DQG&ROXPELDDPRQJRWKHU
institutions. For more information go to www.arclighting.de Further reading:
• Birn, Jeremy: Lighting and Rendering. New Riders, Berkeley. 2006
• Ochoa, CE, Aries, MBC and Hensen, JLM: State of the art in lighting simulation for building science: a OLWHUDWXUHUHYLHZ-RXUQDORI%XLOGLQJ3HUIRUPDQFH
6LPXODWLRQ3S±
• Groß, Axel: Animation and digital lighting. PLD 2nd *OREDO/LJKWLQJ'HVLJQ&RQYHQWLRQ%HUOLQ
Luxigon, www.luxigon.com
,QSDUWLFXODUWZRGLVWLQFWDSSURDFKHVWRYLVXDOLVDWLRQKDYH
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WHFKQLFDOO\FRUUHFWFRQVWUXFWLRQRQWKHRWKHUKDQGYLVLRQDU\
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that appears to come from a lamp may actually come from a position far away from the lamp if it lights a character better.’ Axel Groß, Electric Gobo, www.gobo.io
V
Discussion
LR&T essentials
Getting
the measure
Iain Carlile finds experimental protocols
and natural light are key themes in the
latest issue of LR&T
Loe’s opening opinion piece ponders the popular notion of lighting balancing between being science and art. Loe calls for more research to be undertaken to better describe the art DVSHFWRILOOXPLQDWLRQFRQVLGHULQJWKRVHWKLQJVWKDWKDYH\HWWR
be clearly described by measurement and calculation.
A problem that can affect many experiments is getting a JURXSWKDWIDLUO\UHSUHVHQWVWKHSRSXODWLRQLQDJHDQGYLVXDO
ability. To increase the size and spread of the sample group, Villa DQG/DED\UDGHLQYHVWLJDWHZKHWKHUDQRQOLQHEDVHGH[SHULPHQW
FDQEHUHOLDEO\XVHGIRUWKHSV\FKRYLVXDODVVHVVPHQWRI
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DQGRQOLQHH[SHULPHQWRIREVHUYHUVDQGWKHGDWDIURPDQ
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WKHYLVXDODVVHVVPHQWVRIOLJKWLQJLQVWDOODWLRQVRQOLQHZHUHYHU\
VLPLODUWRWKRVHJLYHQE\SHRSOHLQWKHDFWXDOVSDFHV7KH\DOVR
IRXQGDVDPSOHJURXSRIDURXQGREVHUYHUVZDVVXI¿FLHQWWR
UHPRYHDQ\ELDVLQWKHUHVXOWVFDXVHGE\WKHYDU\LQJTXDOLW\RI
YLHZLQJHTXLSPHQWXVHGLQWKHRQOLQHDVVHVVPHQW
Figueiro et al’s paper compares personal circadian light H[SRVXUHDQGDFWLYLW\OHYHOGDWDUHFRUGHGXVLQJD'D\VLPHWHU
GHYLFHDQGFRPSDUHVWKLVWRWKHGDWDIURPD3KLOLSV$FWLZDWFK
Spectrum product. They found that the Daysimeter had better photometric performance. It was also found that wearing the Daysimeter or Actiwatch Spectrum on the wrist compromised accurate light measurements compared to a calibrated photosensor located at the plane of a person’s cornea. 6XNDQG6FKLOOHUVHYDOXDWH(YDOJODUHVRIWZDUHWKH'*3
(daylight glare probability) metric and HDRI (high dynamic range imaging) for daylight glare analysis. They found that the (YDOJODUHVRIWZDUHLVDXVHIXOWRROIRUJODUHDQDO\VLVRIERWK
QDWXUDODQGDUWL¿FLDOOLJKWXVLQJ¿YHGLIIHUHQWJODUHLQGLFHV
'D\OLJKWLVJHQHUDOO\FRQVLGHUHGWRKDYHDSRVLWLYHHIIHFWRQ
WKHUHFRYHU\RISDWLHQWV\HWWKHUHLVOLWWOHUHDOZRUOGUHVHDUFK
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on the length of stay in hospital of patients following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Using sensors inside in-­patient rooms they explored this relationship in the context of other HQYLURQPHQWDODQGFOLQLFDOYDULDEOHV7KH\VKRZHGWKDWOHQJWK
of stay was reduced by 7.3 hours per 100 lux increase in the GD\OLJKWLOOXPLQDQFHDWDSRLQWDERYHWKHSDWLHQW¶VKHDGFOHDUO\
demonstrating the therapeutic effect of daylight. Another paper related to daylight is Kocifaj’s, which presents a model to lower calculation uncertainties of general sky types caused by the multiple scattering of light.
Sun et al look at a hybrid lighting system consisting of LEDs DQGVXQOLJKWFROOHFWRUVWRHYHQO\EDFNOLJKWDGLIIXVHFHLOLQJ
7KHLUV\VWHPVSOLWVWKHVRODUUDGLDWLRQFROOHFWHGLQWRYLVLEOHDQG
Layout of sunlight concentrating system and light box (W-­S Sun et al)
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proposed design generates 2.6 times more energy than it uses. .REDY%L]MDNDQG'XPRUWLHUXQGHUWRRNDQDQDO\VLVRIWKH
sky luminance distribution data measured by a sky scanner at the International Daylight Measurement Programme Station in /\RQV)URPWKLVGDWDLWZDVSRVVLEOHWRGH¿QHWKHJUDGDWLRQDQG
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terms of optical, thermal and run-­up performance, and suggests GHVLJQFKDQJHVWRLPSURYHRQWKHSHUIRUPDQFHRIWKHVHODPSV
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Lighting Research and Technology Vol 45, No 4, August 2013
Contents
• (GLWRULDO$YLUWXDORSSRUWXQLW\Peter Boyce
• Opinion: Art in illumination David Loe
• Validation of an online protocol for assessing the OXPLQRXVHQYLURQPHQWC Villa and R Labayrade
• &RPSDULVRQVRIWKUHHSUDFWLFDO¿HOGGHYLFHVXVHGWR
PHDVXUHSHUVRQDOOLJKWH[SRVXUHVDQGDFWLYLW\OHYHOV
MG Figueiro, R Hamner, A Bierman, and MS Rea
• Impact of daylight illumination on reducing patient length of stay in hospital after coronary artery bypass graft surgery AR Joarder and ADF Price
• ,QYHVWLJDWLRQRI(YDOJODUHVRIWZDUHGD\OLJKWJODUH
probability and high dynamic range imaging for daylight glare analysis J Suk and M Schiler
• Effect of different coloured luminous surrounds on LED discomfort glare perception K Sweater-­Hickcox, N Narendran, JD Bullough and JP Freyssinier (see NL 0D\-XQHIRUVXPPDU\
• 2SWLFDOWKHUPDODQGUXQXSSHUIRUPDQFHRIUHÀHFWRU
FRPSDFWÀXRUHVFHQWODPSX Feng, Y Hu, and Y Cheng
• Blurring the boundaries between Standard General Sky types due to multiple scattering of light M Kocifaj
• &DOFXODWLQJWKHFRQYHUWHGVRODUHQHUJ\RIVXQOLJKWLQWKH
LED hybrid light box lighting system W-­S Sun, C-­H Tsuei, and C-­C Kuo
• Characterisation of sky scanner measurements based RQ&,(DQG,62VWDQGDUG&,(60%.REDY G Bizjak and D Dumortier
9
Opinion
Why the past is
illuminating
Richard Forster argues that it is time to take heritage more seriously
By chance I recently came across correspondence from the 1970s between the Archaeology Working Party of the IHVE and the IES. There was an LQYLWDWLRQWRMRLQ
the working party but the response from George Cole, IES secretary, was that no lighting group within IES ZLWKHTXLYDOHQW
interests existed. Although IHVE and IES shortly merged to become CIBSE, OLJKWLQJDQGWKH6//KDYHQRWSLFNHGXSWKHKHULWDJHWKHPH
The original aims of the working party were to identify, UHJLVWHUDQGUHFRUGKLVWRULFDOO\VLJQL¿FDQWLQVWDOODWLRQVRIDOO
W\SHVRIEXLOGLQJVHUYLFHVEHIRUHWKH\EHFDPHH[WLQFW7KHVH
terms of reference apply today under the guise of the CIBSE Heritage Group. Its membership has a broad range of skills and H[SHULHQFHIURPWKH¿HOGVRIDFDGHPLDUHVHDUFKPDQXIDFWXUH
DQGFRQWUDFWLQJ(YHQXVHUVDUHUHSUHVHQWHGZLWKPHPEHUV
from English Heritage, Historic Scotland and the National Trust.
‘There are valuable lessons to be
learned. It is interesting to see
how lighting is applied and
developed, particularly the
influence of market pressures
and advances in technology’
A key communicating tool is the group’s website (see below) which attracts worldwide interest from researchers, restorers, FRQVHUYDWLRQLVWVVWXGHQWVDQGGRFXPHQWDU\PDNHUV
/LJKWLQJLVQRWDQREYLRXVSDUWQHUIRUPDQ\UHDVRQV
(OHFWULFOLJKWLQJLVDUHODWLYHO\MXQLRUVHUYLFHDQGODPSVKDYH
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10
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permanent items within an interior. In contrast, equipment manufactured in cast iron for PHFKDQLFDOEXLOGLQJVHUYLFHVVXFKDVERLOHUVDQGVWRYHVLV
RIWHQVRKHDY\DQGLQWHJUDWHGLQWRDEXLOGLQJWKDWUHPRYDOLV
QRWSUDFWLFDODQGVRWKHVHLWHPVKDYHRIWHQUHPDLQHGLQVLWX
although no longer in use.
+RZHYHU,ZRXOGDUJXHWKDWWKHUHDUHYDOXDEOHOHVVRQVWR
be learned from lighting’s past and therefore its heritage is important. It is interesting to see how lighting is applied and GHYHORSHGSDUWLFXODUO\WKHLQÀXHQFHRIPDUNHWSUHVVXUHVDQG
DGYDQFHVLQWHFKQRORJ\
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early as 1882 as part of a demonstration by Edward Johnson, a business partner of Thomas Edison, of how electricity could be used, to promote and sell electric lighting to New York City.
The most popular application for particular lamps was not DOZD\VWKHSULPHGULYHUIRUWKHLQQRYDWLRQ&DUERQDUFPLOLWDU\
searchlights today are related closely to anti-­aircraft defences, but they were in use 50 years before the aeroplane appeared WRHQDEOHWURRSPRYHPHQWVDWQLJKWDQGGXULQJWKH%RHU:DU
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where direct lines of sight were not possible.
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lamp, widely used today in domestic and display situations. 7KLVODPSZDVGHVLJQHGWRVROYHWKHVSHFL¿FSUREOHPRI
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projector lamp was in production that wider and longer-­lasting DSSOLFDWLRQVEHFDPHVHOIHYLGHQW
In other cases technological progress is dependent on DYDLODEOHPDWHULDOV,QFDQGHVFHQW¿ODPHQWODPSVKDGWR ZDLWVHYHUDOGHFDGHVEHIRUHGUDZQWXQJVWHQZLUHEHFDPH
DYDLODEOH+LJKSUHVVXUHVRGLXPODPSVZHUHQRWDUHDOLVWLF
proposition until suitable high-­temperature ceramic materials ZHUHLQYHQWHGDVSDUWRIVSDFHFUDIWVKLHOGVIRUUHHQWU\LQWR the earth’s atmosphere. 0DQXIDFWXUHUVµFDWDORJXHVWUDGHPDJD]LQHVSKRWRJUDSKV
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and much can be transferred into electronic format for FRQYHQLHQWVWRUDJH%HIRUHFOHDULQJRXWROG¿OHVSOHDVHFRQWDFW
CIBSE Heritage Group. Irreplaceable material is disappearing IDVWSDUWLFXODUO\DVRI¿FHVDUHGRZQVL]LQJDQGPRUHSHRSOH
work from home. Hardware, on the other hand, is a more GLI¿FXOWLVVXHDVPXVHXPVKDYHPRUHVWRFNWKDQWKH\FDQ
display and budgets are not encouraging expansion. Lighting has a proud record;; it would be a shame to let it disappear. www.hevac-­heritage.org Cover project
Of light
and death
Winner of an IALD Merit award, a
mausoleum that perfectly balances
natural and artificial lighting
‘The highlighting of materials and
coordination with the architecture
was perfect’ – IALD judges
Photography: Paul Crosby Photography
There are two outstanding characteristics of the scheme for the /DNHZRRG*DUGHQ0DXVROHXPWKHH[WHQVLYHXVHRIGD\OLJKWWR
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forms, enhances the physical characteristics of the materials, and uses light and shadow to heighten the spiritual qualities of WKHVSDFH¶VD\VOLJKWLQJGHVLJQHU7DR+DPRI+*$µ%HFDXVH
WKHEXLOGLQJLVSULPDULO\XVHGGXULQJGD\OLJKWKRXUVWKHDUWL¿FLDO
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ZLQGRZVDQGVN\OLJKWVZKLOHFUHDWLQJDQLQWLPDWHHQYLURQPHQW
when daylight fades away.’
The 2276sqm Garden Mausoleum includes a chapel, reception centre and burial spaces for more than 10,000 people. The entry foyer features triangulated ceiling planes with a cascade of xenon crystal pendants highlighting the ceiling and creating a sparkle effect. Small aperture, 18,000-­hour, 50W 05DGMXVWDEOHGRZQOLJKWVSURYLGHJHQHUDOLOOXPLQDWLRQ/('
VWHSOLJKWVGUDZYLVLWRUVIURPWKHHQWU\WRWKHORZHUJDUGHQOHYHO
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In the chapel, the same LV adjustable downlights with a minimal aperture form pools of warm light in the seating area. A perimeter light slot is integrated with the HVAC system. 'LPPDEOH7ÀXRUHVFHQWVDQGGLIIXVLQJOHQVHVFUHDWHVKDGRZ
free lighting, delineating architectural forms.
A long hallway links alternating bays of columbaria (for cremated remains) and crypt (for caskets) rooms. LED light slots cut through ceiling planes and split-­faced granite at 6m LQWHUYDOVWRFUHDWHGUDPDWLFFRQWUDVWDQGDEVWUDFWOLJKWSDWWHUQV
(DFKFROXPEDULDDQGFU\SWURRPKDVGHVLJQYDULDWLRQVWR
FUHDWHGLVWLQFWLYHVSDFHV05¿WWLQJVDUHYDULRXVO\XVHG
as wallwashers or recessed in a channel to complement the GLIIHUHQWFRQ¿JXUDWLRQVDQGPDWHULDOV
The whole building is equipped with dimmable light sources and time-­based preset lighting control which is daylight linked. Project: Lakewood Cemetry Garden Mausoleum
Project:
Lakewood Cemetry Garden Mausoleum
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Lighting design: Tao Ham, HGA Architects and Engineers
Lighting design: Tao Ham, HGA Architects
and Engineers
Architect;; structural, mechanical, civil and electrical Architect;; structural, mechanical, civil and electrical
engineer;; interior designer: HGA Architects and Engineers
engineer;; interior designer: HGA Architects
and Engineers
General contractor: MA Mortenson
General contractor: MA Mortenson
Landscape architect: Halvorson Design Partnership
Landscape architect: Halvorson Design Partnership
Masterplan: Elizabeth Vizza
Masterplan: Elizabeth Vizza
11
Events...Events...Events...Events...Events...Events...Events...Events...Events...Events...Events...Events...Events...
2013
11-­12 September
ILP Professional Lighting Summit and AGM
Venue: Thistle Hotel, Glasgow
E: jess@theilp.org.uk
17-­19 September
Lux Europa: 12th European Lighting Conference Location: Krakow, Poland &RQWDFWYLWD[#ZLWDNRZVNLHX
24-­26 September
LED Professional Symposium and Expo
Venue: Festspielhaus, Bregenz, Austria
www.led-­professional-­symposium.com
3-­5 October
IALD Enlighten Americas
Venue: Hyatt Regency Montreal, Canada
www.iald.org
7-­9 October
Light Middle East
9HQXH'XEDL,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQYHQWLRQ
and Exhibition Centre, UAE
www.lightme.net
16 October
/LJKWLQJDQG(QHUJ\(I¿FLHQF\
Mid Career College
Venue: CIBSE, London SW12
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23 October
+RZWR6SHFLI\2I¿FH/LJKWLQJ
Mid Career College
Venue: CIBSE, London SW12
ZZZFLEVHWUDLQLQJFRXNmcc
24 October
SLL Masterclass
Location: Birmingham
www.sll.org.uk
27-­30 October
Hong Kong International Lighting Fair
9HQXH+RQJ.RQJ&RQYHQWLRQDQG
Exhibition Centre
ZZZKNWGFFRPIDLUKNOLJKWLQJIDLUDHHQ
30 October-­ 2 November
PLDC
Venue: Bella Center, Copenhagen
www.pld-­c.com
6HSWHPEHU,/33URIHVVLRQDO/LJKWLQJ6XPPLW*ODVJRZ
7 November
SLL Masterclass
Location: Portsmouth
www.sll.org.uk
13 November
Fundamental Lighting Course (One-­day course on basics of light, lighting design and maintenance) Venue: ILP, Regent House, Rugby ILP member: £195 + VAT Non-­member: £340 + VAT Contact: jess@theilp.org.uk
Lighting Masterclasses: Masterclasses are kindly VSRQVRUHGE\+HOYDU3KLOLSV
Thorn, Trilux and Wila. For
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www.sll.org.uk LET Diploma (in association with /RQGRQ6RXWK%DQN8QLYHUVLW\DGYDQFHG
TXDOL¿FDWLRQE\GLVWDQFHOHDUQLQJ'HWDLOV
from www.lightingeducationtrust.org or email LET@cibse.org
14 November
Fundamental Lighting Electrical Course (One-­day course on basic electrical practices and principles for outdoor lighting schemes and other electrical street furniture)
Venue: ILP, Regent House, Rugby 3ULFHVDVDERYH
Contact: jess@theilp.org.uk
20-­21 November
/X[/LYH
Venue: Earls Court 2, London ZZZOX[OLYHFRXN
21 November
Lux Awards (incl YLOTY)
Venue: Westminster Park Plaza, London SE1 www.luxawards.co.uk
22 November
Lighting Legislation (including daylight) Mid Career College Venue: CIBSE, London SW12 ZZZFLEVHWUDLQLQJFRXNPFF
Mid Career College: the college runs YDULRXVFRXUVHVDFURVVWKHZKROH
spectrum of lighting and at sites across the UK. Full details at: www.cibsetraining.co.uk/mcc /,)FRXUVHV details from John
Hugill, 0208 529 6909, or email
training@lif.co.uk