Spanish Technical Developments with Application to Bpol Mission
F. J. Casas, E. Martínez-González
Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Universidad de Cantabria (UC). Santander (Spain)
B-Pol Workshop
IAP, Paris
28-30 July 2010
Paris, 28-30 July 2010
IAP
Spanish participation in technical developments for the
measurement of CMB polarisation:
• PLANCK Space Mission
• QUIJOTE CMB Experiment
• PLANCK and QUIJOTE experience and also
technological developments can be applied to BPOL
Paris, 28-30 July 2010
additional
IAP
PLANCK Mission
30 and 44 GHz Back-End Modules (IFCA-DICOM)
30 & 44 GHz BEMs built at Mier
Comunicaciones, Barcelona.
Paris, 28-30 July 2010
IAP
PLANCK Mission
LFI-REBA at IAC: Control, compression and processing unit
Also IAC has provided the SPU of Herschel-PACS.
Paris, 28-30 July 2010
IAP
QUIJOTE CMB experiment overview
• Q-U-I JOint TEnerife
(Stokes parameters Q, U and I)
• Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization receivers
•Sky Coverage of 10,000 Square Degrees
• To obtain five polarization maps in the frequency range 11- 30 GHz
• Angular resolution: ~1 degree
Paris, 28-30 July 2010
IAP
QUIJOTE experiment consortium
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife (Spain): Coordinator
Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), Santander (Spain)
Universidad de Cantabria (UC), Santander (Spain)
University of Cambridge, (UK)
University of Manchester, Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics (UK)
IDOM, Bilbao (Spain)
Paris, 28-30 July 2010
IAP
Observatorio del Teide (Tenerife, Canary Islands)
Izaña site, 2.390 m
Paris, 28-30 July 2010
QUIJOTE Instruments 1 and 2
and enclosure
IAP
QUIJOTE experiment. Basic features
Instrument 1
Instrument 2
Frequency (GHz)
11.0
13.0
17.0
19.0
30.0
30.0
Bandwidth (GHz)
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
8.0
8.0
8
8
8
8
2
32
Beam FWHM (deg) (*)
0.92
0.92
0.60
0.60
0.37
0.37
Tsys (K)
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
30.0
20.0
Sensitivity (mK s1/2)
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.34
0.05
Sensitivity per beam (Jy s1/2)
0.24
0.34
0.24
0.30
0.43
0.07
Number of channels
(*) Pixel = a square with each side is FWHM (Full Width at Half Maximum) of the beam.
Paris, 28-30 July 2010
IAP
Low frequency channels in QUIJOTE 1
Simultaneous
Q and U detection
Low frequency channels: 11-13 GHz and 17-19 GHz: eight channels per pixel
Paris, 28-30 July 2010
IAP
Output detected voltage
in QUIJOTE 1 - Low frequency channels
1
1
1
V = I + Q cos( 4 ϕ ) + U sin( 4 ϕ )
2
2
2
Q, U and I = Stokes parameters
φ = Position angle of the modulator
These parameters depend on the time
and on the channel
Paris, 28-30 July 2010
IAP
30 GHz channel in QUIJOTE 1
Modulator to stabilize gain drift. Simple design: two channels per pixel.
Paris, 28-30 July 2010
IAP
QUIJOTE 1: Mechanical design (version May 2008)
Paris, 28-30 July 2010
IAP
QUIJOTE 1: Mechanical design (version Feb. 2009)
OMT
11-13 GHz
Polar
modulator
LNA
30 GHz
Paris, 28-30 July 2010
IAP
Polar Modulator in QUIJOTE
• Key component of the polarimeter
• Rotating polar modulator (40 Hz): switch out 1/f noise
• Incoming signal modulated at 4 x (modulator frequency)
• Cryogenically cooled: low losses, low impact on noise
• Waveguide component: turnstile 4-way junction
Paris, 28-30 July 2010
IAP
Polar Modulator Sparameter Results:
Return Loss < 20dB,
Isolation Loss ~ 0.1dB,
Isolation (0º) < 30dB and
Isolation (45º) < 20dB
Units:
10-14 GHz
14-20 GHz
26-36 GHz
Paris, 28-30 July 2010
IAP
Ortho-Mode Transducer in QUIJOTE
• Separates linear orthogonal polar
components
• Sets a limit in the cross-polarization
• Based on turnstile junction
• Phase balanced outputs
• Broadband (> 40 % bandwidth)
•Reduced height rectangular
waveguide
• Optimized E-plane bends
• Scatterer: a critical part of turnstile
junction
• Scalable structure (WR75, WR51,
WR28)
OMTs can be manufactured at IFCA
Paris, 28-30 July 2010
IAP
Orthomode Transducer (OMT)
Units:
10-14 GHz
14-22 GHz
26-36 GHz
Possible Application to the Lower Frequency
Channels of Bpol
Paris, 28-30 July 2010
IAP
Ortho Mode Transducer (OMT) S-parameter tests
Reflection (dB)
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
-45
-50
-55
0
-0.05
-0.1
Transmission (dB)
0
-5
-10
-15
-60
-70
-80
-90
10 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15
Frequency (GHz)
Paris, 28-30 July 2010
Phase Difference (deg)
Isolation (dB)
-50
-0.35
-0.5
10 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15
Frequency (GHz)
-10
-40
-0.3
-0.45
0
-30
-0.2
-0.25
-0.4
-60
10 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15
Frequency (GHz)
-20
-0.15
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2
-2.5
-3
10 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15
Frequency (GHz)
IAP
Cryo LNA. Gain and Noise Temperature
50
40
45
35
40
30
35
25
30
20
25
15
20
10
15
5
10
0
5
-5
0
-10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13 14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
G (dB)
Te (K)
LNA #40A28 24K 290208
Vg1=1V Vg2=1V Vd=0.65V Id=16mA
NFA 8975A Loss Comp. Table T_input=22.9K
26
Freq (GHz)
Te_Table Lin
Te_calc_excel
Te_fixed Lin
G (dB)
LNA for low frequency channels
Paris, 28-30 July 2010
IAP
30 GHz BEM (QUIJOTE 1)
RF circuits
DC circuits
BEM branch (top cover removed)
Paris, 28-30 July 2010
IAP
30 GHz BEM (QUIJOTE 1)
Waveguide
input
Paris, 28-30 July 2010
RF sample
output (K
connector)
IAP
Test results (30 GHz BEM)
BEM_QUIJOTE_01
10*log(Vo(mV))
30
20
10
0
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Frequency, GHz
UNIT#1
UNIT#2
Gain vs. frequency for two units (detector included)
Paris, 28-30 July 2010
IAP
System Simulation Capabilities:
The complete instrument can be simulated electrically at
IFCA
Measurement Based Models
Measurement Equipments until 100 GHz in DICOM
Paris, 28-30 July 2010
IAP
(1)
(3)
(2)
(4)
QUIJOTE 30 GHz Channel Simulation
0.008
0.008
(3)
(2)
V2_det_filt
V2_det
V1_det_filt
V1_det
(1)
(4)
0.006
0.006
0.004
0.002
0.004
0.002
0.000
0.000
-0.002
-0.002
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
1.0
2.0
1.2
1.6
1.8
2.0
time, usec
time, usec
mean_Q
-4.673E-4
Paris, 28-30 July 2010
1.4
mean_U
5.618E-3
mean_I
5.560E-3
IAP
QUIJOTE enclosure building
May 2009: final quality tests
Paris, 28-30 July 2010
IAP
Telescope QUIJOTE 1
IAC (La Laguna, Tenerife)
May 2009
Paris, 28-30 July 2010
IAP
Developments in Planar
Antenna Arrays at IFCA
b)
a)
0
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
0
0
-10
-5
Setup
Antenna structure
S11-parameters
S21-Coupling
Average Gain (10dB)
-5
S (1,1) [dB]
-15
-20
-25
0.00 cm
0.25 cm
0.50 cm
0.75 cm
1.00 cm
-30
-35
-40
25
30
35
40
Frequency [GHz]
Paris, 28-30 July 2010
-20
-10
dB
Coupling (S(2,1)) [dB]
-10
Eφ (xz)
-30
-15
-40
-20
-50
45
c)
21
24
27
30
33
Frequency [GHz]
36
39
d)
-25
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
e)
θ [Degrees]
IAP
Lens coupled bowtie-slot antennas for the 30GHz band
0
-5
S11 (dB)
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
20
Paris, 28-30 July 2010
25
30
35
Frecuencia (GHz)
40
45
IAP
1 mm
Lens coupled bowtie-slot antennas for the 30GHz band
20
10
Gain [dB]
0
Return loss [dB]
0
Bow-tie 30GHz
Extended
hemispherical
Lens (ε = 2.1)
φ = 45º
-10
-20
2 mm
-30
-40
10
Copper
Patch
20 30 40 50
Frequency [GHz]
Arlon 25N
(ε = 3.28)
-10
Connector 2.4mm
-20
Bow-tie slot
antenna
-30
-40
-50
-90
Horn 31GHz
Horn 31GHz
Bow-tie 30GHz
Bow-tie 30GHz
-60
-30
Alumina
Substrate
(ε = 10)
0
‰[Deg.]
Paris, 28-30 July 2010
30
60
90
4 Element-array
2.5 mm reflector plane
Ground
IAP