Application Notes for Voltage Regulator Introduction Ricoh has a superior voltage regulator lineup from a maximum input voltage 36V to a maximum output current 3A. R1524x R1517x R1518x Maximum input voltage (V) R1511x/R1513S R1514x/R1516x R1154x/R1155x RP171x R1191x RP170x RP173x RP132x 10 RP108J R1171S RP130x RP190x 3000 Output current (mA) ¡) R1513S is available for automotive applications only. See "Electronic Device Product Catalog for Automotive" and Datasheet for detailed information. High Input Voltage Regulator The CMOS type voltage regulator is now released in the maximum input voltage 36V. There are optional wide operating temperature range products available for industrial equipment, and automotive applications such as car navigation and car audio systems. Ricoh's high input voltage regulators have a built-in thermal shutdown circuit to prevent a heat generation and an ignition. Maximum Input Voltage : 16V R1190x R1191x Maximum Input Voltage : 24V R1150H R1154x R1155x R1500x R1501x R1514x R1515x Maximum Input Voltage : 36V R1510S R1511x R1513S¡ R1516x R1517x R1518x R1524x ¡) Products available for automotive applications only. See "Electronic Device Product Catalog for Automotive" and Datasheet for detailed information. Large Output Current Voltage Regulator The CMOS type voltage regulator is now released in the maximum output current 3A. Ricoh's large output current voltage regulators have a built-in thermal shutdown circuit to ensure safety for the circuit design. Maximum Output Current : 1A R1172x R1173x R1190x Maximum Output Current : 1.5A R1171S 1 Voltage Regulator R1501x R1518x RP115x Maximum Output Current : 2A R1171J RP131x RP132x Maximum Output Current : 3A RP108J Voltage Regulator Low Supply Current Type and High-performance Type Ricoh voltage regulators can be classified in three types by performance; a Low Supply Current Type, a High-performance Type, and the Standard Type of average specifications. The Low Supply Current Type is used for the performance by the reduction of the supply current during operation. The High-performance Type is used for the superior performance during operation (low noise and fast transient response). A Standard Type is an average product of performance and supply current. Ricoh is preparing many variations, in order to respond to a user's request. Supply Current Transient Response Ripple Rejection Low Supply Current Type Ultra low Slow Low High-performance Type High Fast High Low Supply Current Type Voltage Regulator The Low Supply Current Type Voltage Regulator is used for applications which are always operating on for a long time, such as a standby mode of mobile phone. Its supply current is from 1μA to several μA. The C version has a minimum supply current since the CE pin and belonging internal CE circuit are not present. RP110xxxxC VDD RP110xxxxB VOUT VDD Vref VOUT Vref Current Limit Current Limit GND NC CE GND C Version : Reducing the pull-down constant current to the CE pin. Low Supply Current Type Rx5RL Rx5RW R1100D R1150H R1524x RP104x RP110x RP173x R1154x R1180x R1514x R1515x R1517x R1518x High-performance Type Voltage Regulator The High-performance Type Voltage Regulator is a product with high ripple rejection ratio (low noise), low output noise, sufficient load regulation and high load transient response. High-performance Type R1172x R1173x RP102x RP111x RP112x RP115x RP130x RP150K Standard Type Voltage Regulator The Standard Type Voltage Regulator has specifications which can be used for many applications. There are many variations of this type between Low Supply Current Type and High-performance Type Voltage Regulator. Voltage Regulator 2 ECO Function An ECO Function is a function which implements a High-performance Type Voltage Regulator and a Low Supply Current Type Voltage Regulator integrated in a single chip. Having this ECO function enables a performance of three operating modes instead of only two; On mode, Off mode, and Sleep mode. The voltage regulator with ECO function is able to switch between a fast response mode (high-performance) and a low power mode (low supply current), additionally it can be switched to the Off mode by the CE pin. The voltage regulator with ECO function is able to reduce the supply current and number of parts on the board space since it switches between those modes depending on the device status. Fast transient response High ripple rejection ratio High-performance Type Regulator Fast Response Mode Standard Type Regulator ng hi Low supply current itc Sw Low Supply Current e od Type Regulator M Low Power Mode Comparison of Supply Current The examples of the supply current of a Low Supply Current Type Voltage Regulator, a Voltage Regulator with ECO Function, and a High-performance Type Voltage Regulator are shown in below table. Low Supply Current Type RP110x ECO Function Included RP201x High-performance Type RP112x Typ. 1μA Low Power Mode : Typ. 1.5μA Fast Response Mode : Typ. 55μA Typ. 75μA Comparison of Ripple Rejection Ratio The ripple rejection ratio graph of a Low Supply Current Type Voltage Regulator, a Voltage Regulator with ECO Function and High-performance Type Voltage Regulator. (Since the measurement conditions may be slightly different, please consider below graphs as a reference) Low Supply Current Type RP110x25xx 100 80 60 40 20 VIN=3.8V+0.2Vp-p 120 Ripple Rejection RR (dB) IOUT=1mA IOUT=30mA IOUT=150mA IOUT=50mA IOUT=30mA 100 80 60 40 20 IOUT=1mA (Fast Response Mode) IOUT=1mA (Low Power Mode) 0 0 0 1 10 100 Frequency f (kHz) High-performance Type RP112x28xx 0 1000 1 10 100 Frequency f (kHz) VIN=3.8V 120 Ripple Rejection RR (dB) VIN=3.5V 120 Ripple Rejection RR (dB) ECO Function Included RP201x28xx 100 80 60 IOUT=1mA IOUT=30mA IOUT=50mA IOUT=100mA IOUT=150mA 40 20 0 1000 0 1 10 100 Frequency f (kHz) 1000 Comparison of Load Transient Response The load transient response graph of a Low Supply Current Type Voltage Regulator, a Voltage Regulator with ECO Function and High-performance Type Voltage Regulator. (Since the measurement conditions may be slightly different, please consider below graphs as a reference) Please note that the scale of the horizontal-axis for Low Supply Current Type and a Low Power Mode are in "ms", while those of a High-performance Type and a Fast Response Mode are in "μs", the load transient response is more than 100 times faster and output voltage variations are suppressed to 1/10. ECO Function Included Low Power Mode Fast Response Mode R1162x28x (ECO=L) R1162x28x (ECO=H) 2.2 Output Voltage 1.9 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Time t(ms) 3 Voltage Regulator 3.5 3.0 2.5 Output Voltage 2.0 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 Time t(ms) 0 Output Voltage VOUT(V) 2.5 Output Current 1mA 10mA VIN=3.8V, CIN=1µF, COUT=1µF 150 150 Output Current IOUT(mA) 2.8 Output Voltage VOUT(V) 0 20 10 RP112x28xx VIN=3.8V, CIN=1µF, COUT=0.47µF 100 Output Current 50mA 100mA 50 0 2.9 2.8 Output Voltage 2.7 2.6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Time t(µs) 100 Output Current 50mA 100mA 2.80 2.78 50 0 2.82 Output Voltage 2.76 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Time t(µs) Output Current IOUT(mA) 20 10 Output Current 1mA 10mA VIN=3.8V, CIN=1µF, COUT=0.47µF Output Current IOUT (mA) Output Voltage VOUT (V) VIN=3.5V, COUT=0.1µF Output Voltage VOUT(V) RP110x25xx High-performance Type Output Current IOUT(mA) Low Supply Current Type Voltage Regulator How to Switch the ECO Function There are four methods of switching the ECO Function, and Ricoh offers four types of products utilizing each method. 1. Manual Mode Shift Type····················The mode is switched by H/L input to an ECO pin. 2. Automatic Mode Shift Type················The voltage regulator automatically switches between modes depending on system load. The switching point is fixed in the IC. 3. Seamless Type··································Instead of switching between two modes, a transition is made between modes depending on the output current. 4. Manual/Automatic Mode Shift Type······The mode is switched by H/L input to an AE pin. When AE="H", the mode is set to the fast response mode, and when AE="L", the voltage regulator operates like the Automatic Mode Shift Type. This type has both advantage of the Manual Mode Shift Type and the Automatic Mode Shift Type. Manual Mode Shift Type (with ECO pin) Automatic Mode Shift Type Seamless Type R1162xxx1B (Imaginary graph) ECO Vref Supply Current VOUT Fast Response Mode Supply Current VDD (Imaginary graph) Low Power Mode Current Limit Output Current CE Output Current GND The mode is switched by controlling H/L to the ECO pin. Switching occurs between low power mode The supply current smoothly decreases as and fast response mode depending on the system load (output current) decreases. system load (output current). Manual/Automatic Mode Shift Type AE Automatic Mode Shift (Imaginary graph) Supply Current VDD VOUT Fast Response Mode Vref Current Limit CE Fast Response Mode Low Power Mode Output Current GND Fast response mode and Automatic mode shift can be switched by controlling H/L to the AE pin. ECO Function Included ∗) Under development Manual Mode Shift Type R1160N R1161N R1163x R1191x Automatic Mode Shift Type R1155x R1510S R5326K RP202x Seamless Type R1116N Manual/Automatic Mode Shift Type RP200x R5328K RP201x Voltage Regulator 4 Various protection circuits are built into Ricoh voltage regulators. Fold-back Protection Circuit The Fold-back Protection Circuit shown in the blue ellipse as "Current Limit" protects the voltage regulator from damage by overcurrent if the output pin (VOUT) and the ground pin (GND) are shorted. It consists of the overcurrent protection circuit and the short current protection circuit. In the typical characteristics, the overcurrent protection activities are shown by the blue line on the "Output Voltage vs. Output Current" graph, and the short current protection activities are shown by the blue circle on the same graph. The limiting current value of the overcurrent protection is not defined in the datasheet. Please refer to the graph of the typical characteristics. The limiting current value of the short current protection is defined in the datasheet as short current limit (lSC). In Ricoh voltage regulators, this is usually set within a range of about 30mA to 250mA. R1131x26xx VOUT VDD + Vref Current Limit GND CE Output Voltage VOUT (V) 3.5 3.0 3.6V 4.6V 2.5 2.0 1.5 3.1V VIN =2.9V 1.0 0.5 0.0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Output Current lOUT (mA) Fold-back Protection Circuit Included The Fold-back Protection Circuit is built in all voltage regulators except for Rx5RL Series. Inrush Current Preventing Circuit At the start-up of a voltage regulator, an inrush current equivalent to a peak current flows until the output capacitor is charged up to the set output voltage if the voltage regulator does not have an inrush current protection circuit or soft-start circuit. When the inrush current is large, the input voltage of a voltage regulator may be unstable. If there is a large input voltage drop, the operation of another connected circuit may be affected. Ricoh provides two kinds of Inrush Current Protection Circuits, and both have different features. Control Method Inrush Current Limit Circuit Constant Slope Circuit Start up Time Limiting with constant current. When COUT is small, it is possible to start up quickly compared with a constant slope circuit. Limiting with constant time, so-called Soft Start Function. Start-up time is fixed in the IC and start-up time does not change by the capacitance of COUT. RP115x has both of the inrush current protection circuit and the constant slope circuit built in, and it switches the circuits according to the capacitance of COUT. Please refer to a datasheet for details. 5 Voltage Regulator Voltage Regulator Inrush Current Limit Circuit Inrush Current Limit Circuit has a function that limits the output current for a fixed period of time to reduce the inrush current at the start-up and prevents the fluctuation of the input voltage. Imaginary graph The volume of inrush current is affected by the capacitance of the output capacitor. The time of the inrush current becomes longer when the output capacitor is large. A sufficient effect of inrush current limitation might not be achieved when the output capacitor is large. If it is necessary to limit the inrush current completely in case of using the large output capacitor, Ricoh recommends the product equipped with an Adjustable Inrush Current Limit Time Function. The inrush current limit circuit of the R1190x Series and RP132x Series has a DELAY pin, and it is possible to adjust the time of the inrush current limitation by connecting a capacitor to the DELAY pin. Imaginary graph CE Input Voltage Imaginary graph CE Input Voltage CE Input Voltage Output Voltage Output Voltage Limiting lnrush current Limiting not enough because of the limiting time is too short Limiting the inrush current Inrush Current Inrush Current Inrush Current Output Voltage Extended the inrush current limiting time Time t Time t Time t Inrush Current Limit Circuit Included R1172x ∗1 ∗2 R1173x R1190x∗1 RP111x RP115x∗2 RP131x RP132x∗1 Inrush Current Limit Time can be adjusted by external capacitor. The RP115x prevents the inrush current by the constant current limit circuit during the starting up operation. Voltage Regulator 6 Constant Slope Circuit CIN=none, IOUT=0mA, Topt=25°C VIN=3.5V 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 CE Input Voltage Output Voltage COUT=0.1µF COUT=1.0µF COUT=2.2µF COUT=4.7µF COUT=10µF Inrush Current 0 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Inrush Current IVDD (mA) See "Inrush Current Characteristics Example of RP110x25xB/D" on the right, if the output capacitor is less than 4.7μF, the Constant Slope Circuit operates during start-up, likewise, if the output capacitor is over 10μF, the output current limit circuit operates during the start-up. The boundary point of using these two circuits is inversely proportional to the output voltage. If the output voltage is higher, the output current limit circuit operates even if the output capacitor capacitance is small. The boundary points vary with each products. RP110x25xB/D Inrush Current Characteristics CE Input Voltage VCE / Output Voltage VOUT (V) Some products have a Constant Slope Circuit which prevents the overshoot of the output voltage. The constant slope is a kind of soft-start circuit which allows the output voltage to start up gradually. The capacitor to create the start-up slope is built in the IC that does not require any external components. The start-up time and start-up slope angle are fixed inside the IC. If the capacitance of the external output capacitor exceeds a certain capacitance, the output current limit circuit minimizes the incoming current of the output capacitor at the start-up. As a result, the start-up time becomes longer and the start-up slope angle becomes less steep. 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Time t (µs) Constant Slope Circuit Included RP106x RP107x RP108J RP110x RP115x RP116Z RP170x RP171x RP202x R1517x R1518x Reverse Current Protection Circuit The Reverse Current Protection Circuit stops the reverse current from VOUT pin to VDD pin when VOUT becomes higher than VIN. Usually, the voltage regulator using Pch output transistor contains a parasitic diode between VDD pin and VOUT pin. Therefore, if VOUT is higher than VIN, the parasitic diode conducts in forward direction. As a result, the current flows from VOUT pin to VDD pin. RP173x Series switches to the reverse current protection mode before VIN becomes lower than VOUT by connecting the parasitic diode of Pch output transistor to the backward direction, and connecting the gate to VOUT pin. As a result, the Pch output transistor is turned off and the current path from VOUT pin to GND pin is disconnected. (Except RP115x) ECO VDD VOUT Vref Current Limit Reverse Detector CE ∗ GND indicates a parasitic diode. When using a backup circuit, a protection schottky diode is required with the voltage regulator in case of using the voltage regulator that does not have a Reverse Current Protection Circuit as shown in the next page left figure. Please note that a schottky diode causes a dropout of about 0.3V and leakage current of a few μA to 50μA. When using a voltage regulator including the Reverse Current Protection Circuit such as RP173x, the protection diode is not needed as shown in the next page right figure. Therefore, it can prevent the voltage drop and the leakage current. 7 Voltage Regulator Voltage Regulator Parasitic diode Protection diode Vf VOUT VDD RTC Memory etc. Main Power Supply Regulator GND Leakage Back-up current Power Supply GND VOUT VDD RP173x Main Power Supply Vf RTC Memory Leakage current Back-up Power Supply GND etc. GND Reverse Current Protection Circuit Included R1155x R1163x R1191x RP108J RP115x RP173x Thermal Shutdown Circuit The Thermal Shutdown Circuit detects overheating of the voltage regulator if the output pin (VOUT) is shorted to the ground pin (GND) and stops the voltage regulator operation to protect it from damage. For example, the Thermal Shutdown Circuit stops voltage regulator operation if the junction temperature of the R1150H Series becomes higher than 150°C. Additionally, if the junction temperature after the voltage regulator being stopped decreases to a level below 125°C, it restarts voltage regulator operation. (The temperature is different according to the product). As a result the operation of the Thermal Shutdown Circuit causes the voltage regulator repeatedly to turn OFF and ON till the causes of overheating are removed. As a consequence a pulse shaped output voltage occurs. Please prevent this situation. In the datasheet it is shown as a thermal shutdown detection temperature (TTSD) and a thermal shutdown release temperature (TTSR). Output Voltage VOUT(V) VOUT VIN + Vref Short Peak Current Protection Protection GND CE VIN=10V, IOUT=1mA 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 Temperature (°C) Thermal Shutdown 150 Regulator R1150H (VOUT=5V) ON 125 0 Time OFF 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Junction Temperature Tjct(°C) Thermal Shutdown Circuit Included R1150H R1154x R1155x R1170x R1501x R1510S R1511x R1513S RP108J RP111x RP115x RP131x ¡ R1171x R1172x R1173x R1190x R1191x R1500x R1517x R1518x R1524x R1514x R1515x R1516x RP132x RP170x RP171x ¡) Products available for automotive applications only. See "Electronic Device Product Catalog for Automotive" and Datasheet for detailed information. Voltage Regulator 8 Auto-discharge Function When using a capacitor with large capacity value in VOUT side, the VOUT pin voltage might not immediately fall to the ground level when the CE pin is switched from the active mode to the standby mode. By adding N-channel transistor to the output circuit (shown in blue circles in the diagram below), the auto-discharge function quickly lowers the VOUT to the ground level by releasing the electrical charge accumulated in the external capacitor. This auto-discharge function can be combined with the system shutdown sequence. During Operation During Standby VOUT VDD VOUT VDD - - + + Vref Vref Current Limit Current Limit GND CE GND CE When the CE pin is in the active mode, the voltage regulator is operating. The P-channel transistor circled in light blue is ON. The N-channel transistor circled in blue that provides the Auto-discharge function is OFF. When the CE pin is in the disable mode, the voltage regulator is in the standby mode. When in standby mode the P-channel transistor circled in light blue turns OFF and stops the voltage regulator output from the VOUT pin. The N-channel transistor circled in blue that provides the auto-discharge function turns ON and the charge in the output capacitor connected to the VOUT pin is rapidly discharged to the ground pin. It is called the "Auto-discharge function". Illustrations of Typical Output with / without the Auto-discharge functions Without the Auto-discharge function With the Auto-discharge function VOUT Voltage (V) Voltage (V) VDD CE 2.73s VOUT - CE + 126μs Vref Current Limit VOUT 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 Time (s) 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 Time (μs) GND CE ⋅ As shown in the figure on the left, the capacitor which is connected to the VOUT pin is discharged in 2.73s without the Auto-discharge function, whereas it is discharged in 126μs with the function. ⋅ This Auto-discharge function ensures that output rapidly drops when the voltage regulator enters standby mode, but it also effectively prevents system malfunctions that might occur by the capacitance of the output capacitor connected to the VOUT pin. Auto-discharge Function Included R1114x R1116N R1131N R1141Q R1161N R1163x R1172x R1173x R1190x R1191x R5326K R5328K RP100x RP101x RP102x RP103x RP104x RP105x RP106x RP107x RP108J RP109x RP110x RP111x RP112x RP114x RP115x RP116Z RP130x RP131x RP132x RP150K RP151K RP152x RP153L RP154x RP170x RP171x RP173x RP200x RP201x RP202x R1513S¡ R1517x R1518x ¡) Products available for automotive applications only. See "Electronic Device Product Catalog for Automotive" and Datasheet for detailed information. How to define which products have an Auto-discharge function from the Product Name ⋅ Single voltage regulator (Low Drop Out) regulator products include an Auto-discharge function if the 10th character of product name is a "D". (Example : R1114N281D-TR-F, RP103K281D-TR) ⋅ Multi voltage regulator (Low Drop Out) regulator products include an Auto-discharge function if the 10th character of product name is a "B". (Example : RP152N010B-TR-FE, RP150K001B-TR) 9 Voltage Regulator Voltage Regulator Dual Voltage Regulator There are single input type and dual input type in dual voltage regulators. The single input type has one shared input pin for both voltage regulators. The single input type provides a small package due to the reduction of the number of pins. However, if the difference between the input voltage and the output voltage is large, since the input voltage of both voltage regulators is same voltage, the energy loss and the power dissipation becomes large. (Imaginary chart) Single input type Dual input type 3.6V 3.6V 2.5V 2.5V 1.8V 1.2V Energy loss & power dissipation large 1.2V Energy loss & power dissipation small Dual Voltage Regulator Input Types Single input type R5326K R5328K Dual input type RP153L RP154L RP150K RP152x RP154N Sequence Control RP152xxxxC has a sequence control function. When CE1 and CE2 are enabled, VR2 has 100μs delay for start up compared with VR1. As for the shutdown sequence, the discharge period for VR2 is approximately 5 times shorter compared to VR1. (Imaginary chart) CE1 CE2 VOUT1 RP152x VOUT2 100μs Discharges 5 times earlier Enhanced Load Transient Response Speed Version The RP153LxxxD/E versions have enhanced load transient response characteristics. In case of an increase in output current, the voltage drop and recovery period at the load change is significantly lower compared with the RP153LxxxA/B versions although its supply current is increased. Output Voltage VOUT (V) Output Current IOUT (mA) Load Transient Response of RP153L 200 Output Current 1mA ⇔ 150mA 100 0 A/B Versions 2.5 2.4 D/E Versions 2.5 2.4 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Time t (μs) Voltage Regulator 10 Technical Notes TYPICAL APPLICATIONS IN VDD C1 R1116x Series CE CE2 VOUT C2 IN V DD C1 GND CE1 VOUT2 R5326x Series GND OUT2 C3 OUT1 VOUT1 C2 PCB Layout Ensure the VDD and GND lines are sufficiently robust. If their impedance is too high, noise pickup or unstable operation may result. Connect a capacitor with a suitable value between the VDD and GND pins, and as close as possible to the pins. Phase Compensation In voltage regulators, phase compensation is provided to secure stable operation even when the load current is varied. For this purpose, use a capacitor COUT with good frequency characteristics and proper ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance), value in the hatched area. If a capacitor with large ESR value, especially a tantalum type capacitor, is used, the output might be unstable. Evaluate a circuit including consideration of frequency characteristics. Depending on the capacitor size, manufacturer, and part number, the bias characteristics and temperature characteristics are different. Evaluate the circuit taking actual characteristics into account. R1116x281x R1116x Series Example The relations between IOUT (Output Current) and ESR of an output capacitor are shown right. The conditions when the white noise level is under 40mV (Avg.) are shown by the hatched area in the graph. Measurement conditions x C21GRM155B30J105KE18B (Murata) x Noise Frequency Band : 10Hz to 1MHz x Measurement Temperature : 25°C x Hatched Area : Noise level below 40mV (average value) 11 Voltage Regulator Equivalent Series Resistance ESR(Ω) Equivalent Series Resistance vs. Output Current VIN=2.82V to 6.5V 100 Topt=85°C 10 Topt=-40°C 1 0.1 0.01 0 30 60 90 120 Output Current IOUT(mA) 150 1. The products and the product specifications described in this document are subject to change or discontinuation of production without notice for reasons such as improvement. Therefore, before deciding to use the products, please refer to Ricoh sales representatives for the latest information thereon. 2. The materials in this document may not be copied or otherwise reproduced in whole or in part without prior written consent of Ricoh. 3. Please be sure to take any necessary formalities under relevant laws or regulations before exporting or otherwise taking out of your country the products or the technical information described herein. 4. The technical information described in this document shows typical characteristics of and example application circuits for the products. The release of such information is not to be construed as a warranty of or a grant of license under Ricoh's or any third party's intellectual property rights or any other rights. 5. The products listed in this document are intended and designed for use as general electronic components in standard applications (office equipment, telecommunication equipment, measuring instruments, consumer electronic products, amusement equipment etc.). Those customers intending to use a product in an application requiring extreme quality and reliability, for example, in a highly specific application where the failure or misoperation of the product could result in human injury or death (aircraft, spacevehicle, nuclear reactor control system, traffic control system, automotive and transportation equipment, combustion equipment, safety devices, life support system etc.) should first contact us. 6. We are making our continuous effort to improve the quality and reliability of our products, but semiconductor products are likely to fail with certain probability. In order to prevent any injury to persons or damages to property resulting from such failure, customers should be careful enough to incorporate safety measures in their design, such as redundancy feature, fire containment feature and fail-safe feature. We do not assume any liability or responsibility for any loss or damage arising from misuse or inappropriate use of the products. 7. Anti-radiation design is not implemented in the products described in this document. 8. Please contact Ricoh sales representatives should you have any questions or comments concerning the products or the technical information. Halogen Free Ricoh is committed to reducing the environmental loading materials in electrical devices with a view to contributing to the protection of human health and the environment. Ricoh has been providing RoHS compliant products since April 1, 2006 and Halogen-free products since April 1, 2012. http://www.e-devices.ricoh.co.jp/en/ Sales & Support Offices RICOH ELECTRONIC DEVICES CO., LTD. Higashi-Shinagawa Office (International Sales) 3-32-3, Higashi-Shinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8655, Japan Phone: +81-3-5479-2857 Fax: +81-3-5479-0502 RICOH EUROPE (NETHERLANDS) B.V. Semiconductor Support Centre Prof. W.H. Keesomlaan 1, 1183 DJ Amstelveen, The Netherlands Phone: +31-20-5474-309 RICOH ELECTRONIC DEVICES KOREA CO., LTD. 3F, Haesung Bldg, 504, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-725, Korea Phone: +82-2-2135-5700 Fax: +82-2-2051-5713 RICOH ELECTRONIC DEVICES SHANGHAI CO., LTD. Room 403, No.2 Building, No.690 Bibo Road, Pu Dong New District, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China Phone: +86-21-5027-3200 Fax: +86-21-5027-3299 RICOH ELECTRONIC DEVICES CO., LTD. Taipei office Room 109, 10F-1, No.51, Hengyang Rd., Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.) Phone: +886-2-2313-1621/1622 Fax: +886-2-2313-1623