Photo © Jon Malinowski.
All rights reserved. Used with permission.
Human Geography by Malinowski & Kaplan
CHAPTER 6 LECTURE OUTLINE
CULTURE & CULTURAL LANDSCAPES
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
6-1
Chapter 6 Modules
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
6A Culture and Cultural Geography
6B Culture Complexes
6C The Components of Culture
6D Cultural Diffusion
6E Culture Hearths
6F Cultural Landscapes
6G Folk Culture and American Foodways
6H Popular Culture: House Types
6I A Cultural Geography of Sports
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
6-2
6A: Culture Definitions
• Culture
– shared patterns of learned behavior, attitudes, and
knowledge
• Culture Trait
– a single component of a culture
• Culture Region
– an area that shares a large # of culture traits
• Culture Realm
– Groupings of culture regions based on broad culture
similarities
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
6-3
Figure 6A.2
What culture traits define each
culture region?
Do you agree with the
regionalization?
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
6-4
6B: Culture Complexes
• Interrelated
culture traits
• Examples:
– Cattle in Masai society
– Cars in U.S. society
How are cars connected to
numerous aspects of modern
American culture?
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Photo © Jon Malinowski.
All rights reserved. Used with permission.
6-5
6C: The Components of Culture
• Technological Subsystem
– the material objects that a culture produces, as well as
the procedures for using those objects
– artifacts
• Sociological Subsystem
– how people in a culture are expected to interact with
each other and how their social institutions are
structured
– sociofacts
• Ideological Subsystem
– the ideas, beliefs, values, and knowledge of a culture
– mentifacts
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
6-6
IDEOLOGICAL
TECHNOLOGICAL
The Components
of Culture
SOCIOLOGICAL
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
6-7
6D: Cultural Diffusion
• Diffusion: the movement of people, ideas, or things from a
point of origin to another location over time
• Types of Diffusion:
– Relocation: the diffusion of a particular phenomenon
that results from the migration of people who practice
that phenomenon
– Contagious: the spread of phenomenon to nearby places
– Hierarchical: movement of phenomenon from one place
to other places that have some similarities
• Often from large cities to small cities
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
6-8
Figure 6D.7
Reverse Hierarchical Diffusion
Wal-Mart Stores
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
6-9
Figure 6D.8
What types of diffusion help to explain
the history of Jazz music?
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
6-10
Figure 6E.1
MAJOR CULTURE HEARTHS
areas from which important culture traits,
including ideas, technology, and social
structures, originated
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
6-11
6F: Cultural Landscapes
• The cultural impact on an area, including buildings,
agricultural patterns, roads, signs, and nearly
everything else that humans have created
Photo © Jon Malinowski.
All rights reserved. Used with permission.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
6-12
Folk vs. Popular Culture
• Folk Culture:
– culture traits that are traditional, no longer widely
practiced by a large amount of people, and generally
isolated in small, often rural, areas
• Popular Culture:
– aspects of a culture that are widespread, fast-changing,
and transmitted by the mass media
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
6-13
American Foodways
New England
• Seafood, native vegetables, wheat &
corn, items from trade
The South
• African influence, heavy use of pork,
corn products, rice
The
Southwest
• Mexican, Spanish, & Native American
influences, beans, chili peppers
The Midwest
• Strong European influence, local
produce, cheese & cream, grains
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
6-14
Geography and History of
Housing
AIM: How have housing styles
been adapted to the
enviornment?
APHUG
Roofs
Flat Mud roof can be rolled
flat after rare rains
Steep roof sheds snow
Basements
In wet areas protect
against ground water
Ancient Mediterranean, North
Africa and Middle East—and
China, India
Outside blank,
inside garden or “atrium”
• Nubia
Pompeii
Inside: garden, courtyard or
“atrium”
• China
• Pompeii
Medieval – colder—Great Hall
• Denmark
Rohan (Lord of the
Rings)
Interior—great
hall
• Rohan (Lord of the
Rings)—notice that
everyone sleeps
around the central
fires, even Eowyn
(a Princess)
Sorry, couldn’t resist – waste
goes into the moat
Lots colder—beginning of the
European Little Ice Age (14001800) brought the invention of the
Chimney and smaller bedchambers
– and beds with curtains
Late medieval/Tudor house—lots
of little rooms, no order—notice
few windows
Forest frontier--Finland
America New England
1. saltbox
•
• Large central
chimney
•
Roof slopes
towards east or
north—more
windows, more
exposed towards
south and west
• Lean-to kitchen in
back
2. Cape Cod– small, low ceilings,
central chimney (fireplace in every
room)
• Levittown –
adapted for
inexpensive post
WWII suburban
housing
3. Central Hall Colonial–
for wealthy
South as well as North—less
concern for heating (warmer or
more money for fires)
4. 19th century bungalows –
larger, airier, one story
towns/villages (tree lined streets)
5. Southern need for ventilation
and French long lots= shotgun
house of New Orleans
6. Western Ranch – one story,
long, often many rooms and a
patio, from Mexican haciendas
Should the garden be in
back or in front?
• Formal – from
French
• Informal – English
cottage
6H: House Types
• An example of how popular culture, in this
case a house style, can become imprinted on
the landscape and remain long after a style
ceases to be popular
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
6-34
Photo © Jon Malinowski.
All rights reserved. Used with permission.
Georgian Style
Colonial Period
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
6-35
Photo © Jon Malinowski.
All rights reserved. Used with permission.
Gothic Revival Style
Mid-19th Century
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
6-36
Second Empire Style
Photo © Jon Malinowski.
All rights reserved. Used with permission.
~1855-1875
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc. Permission required
for reproduction or display.
6-37
Victorian Homes
Late 19th Century
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
6-38
Photo © Jon Malinowski.
All rights reserved. Used with permission.
Modern Homes
1945-
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
6-39
6I: Cultural Geography of Sports
• What do sports say about what our culture
values?
• How is the landscape modified to
accommodate the cultural value on sports?
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
6-40
Pro Hockey Teams 1971
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Figure 6I.1a
6-41
Pro Hockey Teams 2010
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Figure 6I.1b
6-42