Transparency
Light, Heat, and Comfort
ARCH 600 Independent Study
Fall 1998
Vorapat Inkarojrit
Department of Architecture
University of Washington
1
Project
Architect Team
Location
Structural
Electrical
Mechanical
Landscape
Photography
Size
Cost
Completed
Project History
Source
Abstract
Association of Professional Engineers and
Geoscientists of British Columbia
J. Breshears, P. Bridger, P. Busby, M. McColl, D.
Thiruchittaampalam, A.M. Tam, A. Vaughan
Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
Read Jones Christoffersen
Reid Crowther & Partners
Keen Engineering
Reeve MacDougall & Assoc.
Martin Tessler
2000 Sq. M.
$2,596,000
August 1995
1997 RAIC Governor General’s Award
Canadian Architect, July 1997
This paper presents an investigation into the luminous,
thermal and visual performance of the APEGBC’s building envelope. The simplicity and elegance of the shading device draws attention to its performance. How does
the architectural form interact with the environment,
climate and, nature? What are the criteria for the use of
daylight in the building? How do the occupants respond
to the physical environment? These are some of the questions that I will explore.
Project
Figure 1 Fritted glass shading
devices
Figure 2 Interior picture of
reception area
Project:
2
“The new headquarters of the Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of British
Columbia, designed by architects Busby Bridger and Associates, couples state-of-the-art building technology
influenced by High Tech with a clean minimal aesthetic reminiscent of corporate International Style
modernism.”(McMinn, 1997)
The decision to commission a new headquarters building was a significant event in the evolution of
APEGBC. It was seen by the Association as an opportunity to establish a strong public image for the engineering professions as well as to showcase the talents of those members working in the design and construction
industry. Within the limited budget and relatively pedestrian environment of building practice in Canada, the
design firm created economical yet well-detailed building system components. The elegent and finely crafted
building was designed in conjunction with in-house industrial design, in close consultation with custom manufacturers. The building relies on a generic shape with highly articulated building envelope clearly expressing the
character of the interior plan organization. The building is wrapped in an envelope of glass and exposed structure, maximizing daylight and views out. The building envelope was composed with a system of delicate
external glazed shade screens on a standard curtain wall envelope.
Location, Site and Climate
The building is situated in a suburban area of Vancouver, British Columbia. It shares the moderate and
moist climate of the Pacific Northwest. The summer months are characterized by sunny skies with little precipitation and daytime temperatures typically in the upper 60s or low 70s. On the contrary, the winter is characterized by overcast skies, light to heavy precipitation and typical temperatures in the high 40s to low 50s.
Building
The interior is planned with the APEGBC offices on the second floor with access from a small ground
floor entry area. The lower remainder of the area is leased out but is available for expansion when needed.
The APEGBC offices are composed of four main parts:
1. an open-plan area, partitioned for flexible office space facing east and south;
2. meeting and board rooms on the north side of the space;
3. managerial offices with a fully-glazed wall facing the open office area; and
4. the service zone on the west side with few window openings.
Figure 3 Exterior of the building at
duskFigure 1 Fritted glass shading devices
Summary of design strategies from Busby Bridger and Associates document
3
Site: High visibility from three main transportation routes. Energy considerations and view to the
outside are important criteria in locaing the building on the site.
Planning: Simple, flexible floor space and highly rationalized planning. Office plan divided plan into
service zone on the west side with an open office area making light and views available.
Energy Envelope: Used energy modeling software not only to meet the current codes and comply
with the BC Hydro Power Smart Program, but also to anticipate the requirements of the 1995 National Energy
Code. Controlled heat gain using a combination of glass type and solar shading configuration. A sealed doubleglazed system with clear low emissivity coating was selected for the external facade. External glass louvres
reduce solar gain by 70%. They are mounted at an angle inclined to prevent the entry of summer sun while
permitting a clear view out to the garden and the mountains.
Structure: Precasted concrete, steel and parallam wood structures. Lightweight aluminum castings
used in the exterior sunshade structure add additional interest to the canopy structure.
Mechanical system: Alternative systems were compared to minimize the solar load and heat loss of
the building and reduced the size of mechanical and electrical systems. The ground source heat pump was
selected for its low capital cost, a short payback period and minimum space requirements. The electrical systems were all designed in conformance with Power Smart. Lighting in the office is provided by a combination
of metal halide uplight and task lighting at desk level. Fabric sails were design to reflect light into the space.
Figure 4 Reflective fabric sail
Figure 5 Site plan
Figure 6 Office floor plan
Figure 8 East elevation
Figure 9 South elevation
Figure 7 lighting system diagram
Hypothesis:
A major design component of this building is the use of specially designed prefabricated pieces and
fritted glass to form shading awning. This solar control device is used continuously both on the east and south
facades. The use of a fritted glass canopy prompted the following questions:
Does the fritted glass canopy mediate light between inside and outside?
Does the fritted glass canopy reduce the internal heat gain?
Does the fritted glass canopy produce visual comfort in the interior?
4
Hypothesis
The first guess in assuming these questions is that the fritted glass canopy will not really work to
produce comfortable conditions in the interior. The hypothesis is that the prefabricated and fritted glass canopy
pieces, although beautifully designed, do not really respond well to the prevailing climatic conditions.
There is conflict between the visibility of the site from the highway, the scenery looking out at the site
from the building, and the energy concious design strategies. The building was well crafted and carefully
designed. However, the architectural language used was not fully developed to suit the climate and site orientation.
After the first visit to the buiding in the early November, it was notice that another potential source for
causing discomfort in the work space arises from the electrical lighting. The changes in thermal, luminous and
visual comfort were caused not only by the architectural form itself, but also by the improper design and
adjustment of mechanical systems.
Figure 10 External shading
devices
Methods:
This case study was conducted in three major phases:
1. review of promotional literature about the project, and an interview with the project architect to
understand more about the design intention and design criteria;
2. investigating the qualitative and quantitative building performance by means of a series of investigations using Onset Hobos, handheld measuring devices, and questionnaires;
3. data analysis using data gathered in the previous task and displaying it in three categories: luminous, thermal and visual comfort.
Figure 11 Interior electrical
lighting system
Figure 12 Interior picture of
office space looking south
Measurement
5
Onset Hobo measuring devices (small data loggers) were used to measure the illumination level,
temperature and relative humidity in the building. They were placed along the longitudinal and cross sections
of the building at 1.5 meters above floor level. The Hobos were left for a period of one week in order to get a
full record of dirurnal changes during both clear sky and overcast sky conditions. Handheld measuring devices
such as Minolta Illuminance and Luminance Meters, a Raytek portable infrared pyranometer, and a Minolta
digital camera were used during both visits to gather more accurate data and to gather information that Hobos
can not measure, such as Mean Radient Temperature (MRT).
4
5
6
7
8
3
9
10 11 12
Luminous
Thermal
Visual
Figure 14 Hobo placement locations on top
of the work partition.
2
1
Figure 13 Hobo placement locations follow structural grid
Figure 15 Hobos were placed along the
structral grid at 3 meters on center. The
devices were set to detect light intensity,
ambient temperature and relative humidity
every 12 minutes for a period of 7 days.
6
Lighting in the open office area is provided by a combination of ceiling-mounted metal
halide fixtures and desk level task lighting. The locations of the fixtures were designed to direct
the light to the reflective fabric surfaces. Corrugated ceiling panels reflect light down to the work
space. Air diffusers are located at the perimeter of the main office space.
Location
The office plan is simple and straight forward. Each person has their own work space.
The orientation of each person is fixed by the location of the office panels.
Vancouver’s Weather Data
Sun (hr. to 5pm) Temp. Hi
Temp. Low Comments
Figure 16 Electrical lighting location
Thursday Nov. 5, 98
0
10
Friday Nov. 6, 98
5
12
Saturday Nov. 7, 98
n/a
11
Sunday Nov. 8, 98
0
8.3
Monday Nov. 9, 98
0
8.4
Tuesday Nov. 10,98
n/a
9
Wednesday Nov. 11,98 0.1
9
Thursday Nov. 12, 98
0
9
Friday Nov. 13, 98
0
11
Source : Vancouver Sun, November 6-13, 1998
8
3.5
3
3.6
6.2
3
5.2
4.7
8
cloudy with shower
variable cloudy
sunny with cloudy period
variable cloudy
variable cloudy
partly cloudy
cloudy
rain
rain
Weather data was taken from the local newspaper. The graph above shows the temperature recorded from HoboTemp #1. Each line represents the temperature, recorded every 12 minutes. The graph shows that on November 6, 1998, with sunny sky conditions, there is a wide
temperature range, from 70°F-78.5°F. On the contrary, November 8, 1998 has a narrow constant
temperature range of 70°F-72°F. These two days will serve as two sky conditions for the measurement in this report.
Figure 17 Light reflect off ceiling and fabric sail
Method:
7
The illumination levels in the building were recorded using the handheld illumination meter and the
Onset Hobo Light. For the handheld measurements, the data were mapped according to the structural grid of
3 meters. During both visits on November 6 and 13, 1998, the weather was overcast with light showers. The
recording times were at 3:30pm and 11:00am with low daylight illumination. The resulting data clearly show
the distribution of daylight in cross section and the electrical light in longitudinal section.
Illumination
Finding:
The data gathered on November 13, 1998 was used due to the greater contribution of daylight to the
room. The adjustable blinds on the south facade were half closed. Indicative of the condition of the building,
the lowest levels of illumination were measured in the core, where daylight hardly penetrates. The highest
levels were recorded at the building’s perimeter.
13.9 13.1
12.9
16.5
15.1
15.2 24.3 17.5
15.3 18.8
19.6
22.0
19.8
28.2 33.0 37.0
17.5 14.2
17.6
23.2
22.4
32.2 22.4 19.3
33.2 29.4
31.7
33.4
36.0
40.6 37.6 28.4
Figure 19 The illuminaiton level in footcandles measured on November 13, 1998 at 11:00am.
10
Figure 18 Reflective fabric sail
15
20
30 25
25
30 35
40
Figure 20 Isolux contour of office space in foot candles
20
(fc)
40
30
20
10
0
8
(fc)
12
11
10
9
3
8
Figure 21 Longitudinal section shows lighting distribution across the space
7
6
5
Illumination Level (fc)
40
30
20
10
0
4
3
2
1
Figure 22 Cross section shows lighting distribution across the space
Figure 23 Sky condition during
the measurements.
From the cross section, the illumination level gradually decreases as the distance from the window
increases. However, the longitudinal section has a different result. Measured at the same distance from the east
facade, the illumination level increases northwardly. It can be assumed from the observation that the illuminaiton
levels on station placements #10-12 were dominated by the electrical lighting system. Since the blind on the
south facade were shut and the outside illumination level was low, the reading from station # 5-9 were pretty
even. The desktop task lights were mostly turned on when the occupants were present at their desks. However,
they show little contribution to the overall lighting levels.
Figure 24 Interior space looking
north.
The Onset Hobos were left for a period of one week. The graphs above show
the series of data read out in both cross section (left) and longitudinal section (right).
The Hobo can record the light with continuous spectrum. Therefore, the amount of
electrical light from fluoresent and High-intensity Discharged sources in the space will
not be included in this data. Both graphs reveal the differences in the light levels between sunny days and cloudy days. The highest readout is from the stations closest to
the glazing on the sunny day. It is noticable that there is a big difference in illumination
levels between stations which are near the glazing and stations further back in the space
on the sunny day. On cloudy days, however, there was less difference in illumination
levels. It can be implied that the work stations near the window has the opportunity to
be exposed to high levels of daylight, producing illumination levels five times greater
than at the innermost workstation.
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Figure 27 Bioclimatic chart of APEG building
Method:
Figure 28 Interior picutre of office space
looking at east glazing
Temperature data were taken from HoboXTs that were left for a period of one week.The data shown
above were retrieved from the Hobo stations #1-4(cross section). It has been plotted on a bioclimatic chart,
showing that almost all the measured conditions fall within the comfort zone. The temperature on November
13, 1998, at 11am was 71°F, taken with a Fluke multimeter with temperature probe.
Finding:
It shows that, for a period of one week, temperature and relative humidity are mostly in the comfort
zone. The high temperature on the chart was recorded on the sunny day by station #1 at 8:30am. With large
amounts of glazing on the east side, on a sunny day, the low-angled morning sun penetrates into the space and
raises the intermal temperature. The graphs on the next two pages show the dirunal temperature swing from
each Hobo (from stations #1-4). A wide oscillations is clearly stated in the graphs for stations 1 and 3. Narrow
oscillation were detected from stations 2 and 4. It can be implied that even in the inner space up to nine meters
from the glazing (station 3), daylight and sunlight penetration can cause the temperature to change up to 76.5°F
from 71°F normal temperature thermostat setting. Note that on station #2, the narrow oscillations suggests
that the station might be in the shade, therefore the temperature did not change significantly.
Four graphs on the next page compare the data from each Hobo on November 6 and 8. It shows that
on a sunny day the temperature can go up to 77-78°F due to sunlight penetration. On a cloudy day, in the
overall space, the temperature does not change much.
Figure 29 East elevation
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Figure 30 Data from HoboXT station 1 placed along cross section
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Figure 31 Data from HoboXT station 2 placed along cross section
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Figure 32 Data from HoboXT station 3 placed along cross section
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Figure 33 Data from HoboXT station 4 placed along cross section
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Figure 34 Cross section temperature data on sunny sky condition (November Figure 35 Cross section temperature data on cloudy sky condition (November
6, 1998)
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(November 6, 1998)
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Figure 37 Longitudinal section temperature data on cloudy sky condition
(November 8, 1998)
4
5
6
7
8
3
2
1
9
10 11 12
13
Method:
The luminance of selected surfaces was recorded using the Minolta luminance meter on November
13, 1998 at 10.00am. The sky conditon was overcast with a low illumination level.
Finding:
Visual Comfort
The luminance of the view looking out the glazing was not high due to dark overcast sky conditions.
However, from the views looking north and south, the metal halide lighting fixtures contributed a large amount
of luminance. Compared with the other surfaces, the lighting fixtures created conditions of high contrast and
glare. Interior surface luminance at work station.
The reading took place in one of the space near the east glazing. The red numbers on the top show the
surface luminance for a 1 degree spot designated by an optical viewfinder (candela/sq.m.). The blue numbers
show the radient temperature of the surface (based on an assumed surface emissivity).
106.6
78
23
29
74
74
55.3
109
75
76
1.7
72
13.21
152 75
75
53.24
34.37
75
Figure 38 Interior surface luminance at work space
189
5.7
74
36.85
6.88
10.45
74
7.46
Figure 38 Interior surface luminance at work space looking at east glazing
14
C
A
B
Figure 40 Office floor plan shows direction of
samples interior perceptions.
Occupant’s position and facing direction.
Direction of samples interior perceptions.
Pictures from this page and the next page show interior views of
the open office space taken on both November 6 and 8, 1998. The bright
electric lighting fixture can be seen in the north and south facing pictures.
The space is well-lit overall, with daylight during the day, and the electrical light at night. The adjustable blinds on the south glazing were added
later. The corrugated ceiling and the reflecting fabric distribute light evenly
through the space. Fluorescent task lights are provided at each work station. They produce a cool color of light, contrary to those of the yellowish
metal halide.
Figure 41 Interior view looking north
Figure 42 Interior view looking east
Figure 43 Interior view looking south
Figure 44 Interior view looking west
283.7
87.4
71
90200
70
>258
54.08
76.42
70
15
124
75
9.9
71
72
14.74
70
39.25
52.68
23290
175.8
3.209
51.44
71
11.72
38.43
68
17.56
Figure 45 A. Interior view looking toward the south glazing.
80.88
25.19
107.9
38.29
17.89
9.52
6.42
19.26
94.09
59.19
182.6
7.64
15.78
8.14
Figure 47 C. Interior view looking eastwardly.
15.22
10.05
11.85
8.29
Figure 46 B. Interior view looking
inward toward the executive area.
16
Figure 48 Pictures show the view looking out to the open area from one of the work stations. The computer is palaced in the corner with task light located in the work area. Glare
can be experienced by looking at the lighting fixture which has a surface luminance 2000
times greater than the vertical partition viewd in the same direction.
Figure 49 Occupants responded to the lack of visual comfort by adding handmade shades
(from office accessories) to block the reflected light on computer screens and from direct
light to the occupants themselves. The picture on the left was taken from the station facing
inward. Tahe picture on the right was taken from the station next to the south glazing. No
handmade shading devices were added to the work station in the middle area.
Figure 50 picture on the left shows the blinds that were installed after the completion of the
building. The amount of illumination contributed by the electric lighting fixtures is very
high. The strong shadow pattern on the floor is shown in the right picture.
Method:
17
Questionnaires were distributed on November 6, 1998. Eighteen occupants replied. Occupants had
the opportunity to not answer all of the questions, but most did.
Finding:
Thermally and visually, sunny days of fall/spring are preferred. Winter days are not prefered by the
occupants. The overall thermal and luminous comfort favorably with scores 3.58 and 3.67 or 72%. However,
the score on visual comfort is lower with a score of 2.67 or 53.4%.
Additional comments and interview highlights:
There were a few comments on temperature. Some of the occupants prefer a cooler temperature and
some prefer a warmer temperature but the majority were content with the average temperature setting. A few
strong comments were made on the blinds that were added to the south glazing facade which help reduce glare
and heat. The large amount of glare disturb the activities taking place in the workspace especially in the morning.
The lower blinds were added in fall 1996 and the upper blinds were added in fall 1998, according to
the comments. The occupants also stated that the glare and heat problems improved after the upper blinds were
installed.
Figure 51 Interior picture looking south
on sunny day
Figure 52 Interior picture looking north
on cloudy day
Questionnaire
Survey on lighting and thermal performance of APEGBC Building
Q.#
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Questions
average length of time work in office
seating zone
distance from nearest window
time of survey response
acceptability of temperature at the time filling the questionnaire
thermal comfort daytime
sunny fall/spring days
cloudy fall/spring days
cloudy summer days
sunny summer days
sunny winter days
cloudy winter days
visual comfort daytime
sunny fall/spring days
sunny summer days
cloudy fall/spring days
cloudy summer days
cloudy winter days
sunny winter days
I prefer temperature to be:
unchange
warmer
cooler
daylight quality
Illumination performance (overall lighting quality)
color of light quality
visual comfort (glare)
lighting fixtures
adjusting blind
never
once a day
several times a day
once a month
once a week
overall thermal comfort
additional comments
temp
glare
blind
electrical lighting
notes
2.24
range from 7 days to 3.5 years
varied
varied
8.30am-6.10pm most replied on the afternoon
3.7
scale1-5 (higher the better)
56
41
32
29
27
18
40
38
35
32
27
26
10
6
2
3.48
scale1-5 (higher the better)
3.67
scale1-5 (higher the better)
3.58
scale1-5 (higher the better)
2.67
scale1-5 (higher the better)
1
lighting fixtures were provided
10
no blinds to adjust
3
2
1
1
3.58
scale1-5 (higher the better)
6
only 33% of occupants replied
5
2
1
18
199
“Structure is the giver of light.”
(Louis I. Kahn, 1975)
The visits to the APEGBC building have been a memorable experiences. The building is well-crafted
and carefully-detailed. The simplicity of the building design and the use of materials clearly reflect the purpose
of the association in establishing a strong public image and showcasing the talents of the professional members
working in the design and construction industry. The use of fritted glass produces interesting effects by day and
night. During the day its transparency allows the occupants to observe the view. During the night, it acts as a
reflector for exterior lighting. The clean, cutting-edge design allows the building to glow and to become a giant
lighting fixture, producing strong visual images.
The shading devices at the APEGBC building are the main focus of this case study. The quantitative
results show that thermal, luminous and visual comfort were influenced according to the amount of sunlight
penetrating into the space during the time of study. Temperatures and illumination levels were at peak under
clear sky conditions.
“Sunlighting is the conscious design of a building form to use direct sunlight for illumination and
thermal benefit” (Lam, 1986). Sunlight can cause problems but it also provide opportunities for saving energy.
From my interview with the designer, the use of the fritted glass is mainly for visual effect so one can take
advantage of its transparency to see the sky. The design firm has developed and used glazing system as shading
devices. With the ability to select the pattern of ceramic coating and its opacity, fritted glass has been continuously used in building designs by this firm.
The fritted glass canopy at the APEGBC building allows the sunlight to penetrate into the space more
than a solid canopy would. The universal design of the canopy on the east and south side did not serve its
purpose to the occupants’ satisfaction. Due to overcast weather condition, only the illumination and visual
performance of the building were analyzed.
Conclusion
The fritted glass canopy produces an opportunity to see the surrounding environments. However, it
did not perform well as a shading device. It allows large amount of direct sunlight to penetrate the space, and
increases the internal heat gain, especially to those seating in the perimeter. The full-height glazing area and an
improper shading device cause visual comfort and occupants respond to the problem by constructing personal
shading device. It shows that the prefabricated and fritted glass canopy pieces do not really respond well to the
prevailing climatic conditions.
As indicated in the photograph, another source of visual discomfort is from the electrical fixtures. The
design team carefully designed the reflective fabric sail. However, a better light source or baffles, could be
installed in order to decrease the glare.
Daylighting can create a pleasant and delightful experience. To achieve these objectives, daylighting
must be given the highest priority. The combination of light and view makes orientation a critical criteria when
planning for daylighting. Proper daylighting strategies and orientation of building masses must be carefully
arranged to maximize direct and reflected sunlight when heat and light are most desireable and minimize it
when it is undesirable. The full height glazing at the APEGBC building allows the deepest penetration of
sidelight from daylight. The illumination and thermal comfort are connected because the occupants are less free
to move. The designer should be more concerned as to the instantaneous effects of solar radiation on comfort,
as well as on energy conservation from good passive solar design
Suggestion:
Due to the limited time of investigation, it is suggested that this study be conduct again during the
summer season. Sunlights play a major role in thermal and illumination distribution, therefore, the study under
clear sky conditions will have the benefit of strong sunlight with extreme temperature conditions.
Acknowledgement:
This investigation could not have been completed without the help from generous people. They include Wayne Gibson, the Director of Communications at APEGBC; Busby and Associates Architects; Martin
Nielsen and Michael McColl; and Staff members at APEGBC. Most of all, I would like to thank my advisor,
Prof. Marietta Millet for her time and strength, as well as for great advice and for her inspiration.
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Reference:
Behiling, S. and Behiling, S., Sol Power. Prestel-Verlag, 1996.
Brown, G.Z., Sun, Wind, and Light. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1985.
Compagno, A. Intelligent Glass Facades. Birkhauser Verlag, 1996.
Givoni, B. Climate Considerations in Building and Urban Design. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996.
IES Lighting Handbook, Application Volume 1981.
IES Lighting Handbook, Reference Volume 1984.
Kahn, L.I., Light is the Theme. Kimbell Art Foundation, 1975.
Lam, W., Sunlighting as Formgiver for Architecture. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1986.
Lechner, N., Heating, Cooling, Lighting, Design Methods for Archtiects.John Wiley & Sons, 1991.
Millet, M., Light Revealing Architecture. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996.
Olgyay, V., Design with Climate. Princeton University Press, 1963.
Smith, P. and Pitts, A., Concept in Practice Energy. BT Batsford, 1997.
Articles:
Arens, E., “A New Bioclimatic Chart for Passive Solar Design”.
Barreneche, A., “Designing with Fritated Glass”., Architecture, May 1994.
Busby and Associates Archtiects, “APEGBC Building’s document”.
McMinn, J., “Light Engineering”., Canadian Architect, July 1997
Reference
Survey on Lighting and Thermal Performance of APEGBE Building
Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
Vorapat Inkarojrit
Master of Architecture Student
University of Washington, Seattle
November 5, 1998
This survey is intended to allow us to gain an understanding of your overall experience of comfort working in the
APEGBC building with regard to specific environment conditions.
All questions are optional. The informaiton given will be kept confidential and will not be published without the
approval from APEG Staff.
Part 1: Demographics
1. How long have you worked in this office building?
___________________Years ___________________Months
2.
Please specific where are you sitting and where you are facing by marking (Oà) in the map shown below.
3.
Approximately how far do you sit from the nearest window?
___________________Meters or ________________Feet
4.
Please fill in the current time.
___________________ AM/PM
Part 2: Personal Comfort (Please marks with (X) on the scale or blank space below)
5.
Is the temperature in this building acceptable to you right now?
1————·————2————·————3————·————4————·————5
Not acceptable
Tolerable
Acceptable
Very comfortable
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6.
I am usually most comfortable thermally on
(Please rate in order 1-6, 1=most comfortable, 6= least comfortable)
__ A cloudy summer day
__ A sunny summer day
__ A cloudy fall or spring day
__ A sunny fall or spring day
__ A cloudy winter day
__ A sunny winter day
7. I am usually most comfortable visually on
(Please rate in order 1-6, 1=most comfortable, 6= least comfortable)
__ A cloudy summer day
__ A sunny summer day
__ A cloudy fall or spring day
__ A sunny fall or spring day
__ A cloudy winter day
__ A sunny winter day
8. Right now I would prefer the temperature to be
__ Cooler
__ No change
__ Warmer
9. Please rate the quality of daylight in your workspace.
1————·————2————·————3————·————4————·————5
Poor
Excellent
10. Please rate the overall lighting in your office space.
1————·————2————·————3————·————4————·————5
Poor
Excellent
11. Please rate the color of the light in your office space.
1————·————2————·————3————·————4————·————5
Unpleasant
Pleasant
12. How would you rate the amount of glare?
1————·————2————·————3————·————4————·————5
High glare
No Glare
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13. Have you brought in or asked for additional lighting fixtures?
__Yes
__No
14. Do you adjust blinds?
__Several times a day
__Once a day
__Once a week
__Once a month
__Never
15. If yes, Why?
__ Reduce glare
__ Reduce overall light level
__ Reduce heat
__ Increase heat
__ Increase light levels
__ Provide view
__Other, Please explain____________________________________________________________
16. My general rating of thermal comfort in this building is:
1————·————2————·————3————·————4————·————5
Poor
Excellent
17. My general rating of lighting condition in this building is:
1————·————2————·————3————·————4————·————5
Poor
Excellent
18. Additional comments about your visual and thermal comfort in this building
______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you very much for your time
Vorapat Inkarojrit
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