Performance Products
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent
Product Information
Huntsman DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent
Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Analytical Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gas Treating Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acid Gas Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Regeneration Heat Requirements . . . . .
Chemical and Thermal Degradation . . .
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Product Reclaiming
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.2
.3
.3
.4
.4
.4
.5
.5
. . .5
Construction Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Other Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Physical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Chemical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Handling and Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Maintaining Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Transfer Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
Unloading in Cold Weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
New Facilities and Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
Toxicity and Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
Shipping Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
Huntsman Sales Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
1
Introduction
Huntsman's Gas Treating business is a leading global
supplier of gas treating chemicals, supplying a wide
range of chemicals to the gas conditioning industry for
the removal of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide in
refinery as well as in produced gas streams. Continuous
research and development helps our customers find
more effective ways to solve their gas treating requirements. In addition we provide the necessary marketing,
sales, manufacturing and technical support to supply
customers with the right products at the right time and
at a competitive price.
DIGLYCOLAMINE® AGENT (DGA®)
Huntsman is one of the largest global producers of
specialty amines, with an annual capacity exceeding
90 million pounds. The DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent
(DGA®) can be reacted with fatty acids to form
amides and amine salts for foam-boosting surfactants, stabilizers, detergents, and LAS emulsifying
and wetting agents in shampoos, metalworking,
paper treating and textile operations.
The DIGLYCOLAMINE® (DGA®) brand of 2-(2aminoethoxy) ethanol is a critical component in the
removal of hydrogen sulfide and/or carbon dioxide
from gas streams. In addition to supplying this market, Huntsman is a leader in supplying this proven
technology in increasing quantities for paint strippers,
photoresist strippers for electronic circuit boards,
2
specialty surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, cutting
fluids, amides, and other applications where primary
amines are useful.
Physically, DIGLYCOLAMINE agent is a clear, viscous
liquid at room temperature and a white crystalline solid
below its freezing point of 9.5°F (-12.5°C). DIGLYCOLAMINE agent has a relatively high boiling point and low
vapor pressure.
It is hygroscopic and miscible with water, most alcohols,
and most polyols. Aqueous solutions of DIGLYCOLAMINE
agent are alkaline. Being bifunctional, DIGLYCOLAMINE
agent reacts with acids to form esters or salts. Most areas
of use for DIGLYCOLAMINE agent are dependent to
some degree on these features.
The use of DIGLYCOLAMINE agent solution for gas
treatment purposes holds great promise, both in new
plants and in the conversion of existing amine facilities
to obtain either lower treatment costs or an inexpensive
means of debottlenecking existing treating facilities.
This technical brochure provides the latest available
data on this proven DIGLYCOLAMINE agent to ensure
optimum use, giving you the advantage in your present
operations and new applications. The Chemical
Abstracts Service Registry number for DIGLYCOLAMINE agent is 926-06-6.
Sales Specifications / Analytical Procedures
Sales Specifications
The following sales specifications are subject to change without notice. Appropriate analytical procedures for these
specifications may be found to the right.
Method of Determination
Appearance
Clear liquid, substantially
free from suspended matter
ST-30.1
Boiling range
ASTM, °C
ST-32.1
IBP
216 min.
95%
226 max.
Color, Pt-Co scale
35 max.
ST-30.12
wt. % by titration
98 min.
ST-5.5
Water, wt. %
0.5 max.
ST-31.53
DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent,
Analytical Procedures
Abbreviated forms of the standard methods of test for
use with DGA® agent specifications are presented here.
Copies of the methods in detail are available from our
Technical Services Section in The Woodlands, Texas,
upon request.
APPEARANCE (Method No. ST-30.1) is determined by
visual inspection of DIGLYCOLAMINE agent in a 100-ml
tall-form Nessler tube.
BOILING RANGE (Method No. ST-32.1) is determined
by a procedure similar to ASTM D 1078-63.
COLOR (Method No. ST-30.12) is determined visually in
a 40-ml tube with APHA color disc standards, or in a
100-ml tall-form Nessler tube with liquid platinum cobalt
(APHA) standards.
DIGLYCOLAMINE agent (Method No. ST-5.5) is
determined by titrating a solution of DIGLYCOLAMINE agent with standard hydrochloric acid using
methyl purple indicator.
WATER (Method No. ST-31.53) is determined by the
standard Karl Fischer method, the end point being
detected electrometrically.
3
Applications
Gas Treating Applications
DIGLYCOLAMINE/DEA is widely used for the absorption
of acid gases, such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2), and has been accepted worldwide
as a successful gas treating agent. The DGA agent
brand of 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol is also used for
removal of carbonyl sulfide (COS) from aliphatic liquid
hydrocarbon streams using a patented Huntsman
Corporation process.
Experience obtained during the commercial application
of DIGLYCOLAMINE gas treating agent has proven that
its use often results in significant savings over other
sweetening processes when the acid gas content of the
stream to be treated is greater than 1 mole %. Natural
gas sweetening units now in operation are treating gas
streams with CO2:H2S ratios varying from over 100:1 to
0.1:1. Several plants are processing gas streams having
acid gas contents in excess of 30 mole % with DIGLYCOLAMINE agent. Hydrogen sulfide recovered in
DIGLYCOLAMINE agent units is being converted to
bright sulfur via the Claus process.
Savings of 15 to 20% in capital investments for new
plants have been made using DIGLYCOLAMINE agent
as compared to monoethanolamine systems. A significant reduction in plant operating cost is also realized
due to a 15 to 30% reduction in regeneration heat
requirements for the treating solution. The lower circulation rate required when utilizing a 50 to 65 wt.% DIGLYCOLAMINE agent solution is the major factor in the
reduction of capital and operating costs.
DIGLYCOLAMINE agent is used for the removal of CO2
and/or H2S from both natural and refinery gas streams.
It should also be considered for synthesis gas and flue
gas streams although as with all amines used for gas
treating, degradation due to the presence of oxygen
must be taken into consideration. DIGLYCOLAMINE
agent has been successfully utilized for removal of
COS, CO2, and H2S from liquid hydrocarbon streams.
When DIGLYCOLAMINE agent is used to treat liquid
hydrocarbon streams, a water wash of the treated
hydrocarbon liquid is recommended to minimize
entrainment losses, particularly when amine concentrations above 25 wt.% are utilized.
The use of DIGLYCOLAMINE agent in gas treating
should not be confused with the much older glycolamine process, which uses a mixed ethanolamine-glycol solvent for simultaneous sweetening and dehydration. Although DIGLYCOLAMINE agent is hygroscopic
at very high concentrations, it is not currently recommended for simultaneous sweetening and dehydration.
The proper choice of DIGLYCOLAMINE agent concentration and acid gas loading is affected by gas stream
composition, treating conditions, and acid gas ratios in
much the same manner as other amine sweetening
processes involving absorption with chemical reaction.
While recommended design concentrations are
4
Applications
between 50 - 60 wt. %, current commercial experience
confirms the applicability of up to 75 wt. % DIGLYCOLAMINE agent systems.
ACID GAS LOADING — Recommended acid gas loadings will vary significantly in terms of SCF of acid gas/
gallon of DIGLYCOLAMINE agent, depending on
CO2:H2S ratios, construction materials, and solution
concentrations. Gases containing low CO2:H2S ratios
are much less corrosive to amine treating systems and
can be loaded to higher levels without experiencing
undue corrosion, as compared to gas streams having
high CO2:H2S ratios.
Gross acid gas loadings of 0.35 to 0.425 mole/mole of
DIGLYCOLAMINE agent solution are the typical current
commercial practice. Recent experience, however, indicates that higher loadings may be possible when treating gases with low CO2:H2S ratios. Residual acid gas
loading of lean DIGLYCOLAMINE agent solutions will
normally be in the range of 0.05 — 0.06 mole of acid
gas per mole of DIGLYCOLAMINE agent solution for
high CO2:H2S ratios. Lower residual acid gas loadings
for lean DIGLYCOLAMINE agent solution are usually
obtained with low CO2:H2S ratios.
SECONDARY CHEMICAL REACTIONS — Often
referred to as a degradation product, there is a secondary reaction product in DIGLYCOLAMINE agent
gas treating solution known as N,N'bis(hydroxyethoxyethyl)urea (BHEEU). The BHEEU product is
formed by the reaction of 2 moles of DIGLYCOLAMINE agent with 1 mole of either CO2 or COS. It is
also possible to form an additional product by the
reaction of 1 mole of either carbon disulfide (CS2) or
COS with 2 moles of DIGLYCOLAMINE agent to form
N,N'bis(hydroxyethoxyethyl)thiourea. Experience indicates the dominant reaction with COS will be to form
BHEEU. Unlike many other amines, these secondary
reactions between DIGLYCOLAMINE agent and CO2,
COS, or CS2 are not true degradation products for
they are reversible at temperatures typically used in
reclaiming operations (350 to 355°F). These reactions
are shown below:
REGENERATION HEAT REQUIREMENTS —
Regeneration heat requirements for DIGLYCOLAMINE
agent solutions will be affected by the CO2:H2S ratio of
the acid gas contained in the inlet gas stream in much
the same manner as other amine solutions. For gas
streams containing a high CO2:H2S ratio, 1.0 — 1.2
moles of water vapor per mole of total acid gas in the
regenerator overhead is typically used to establish
regenerator heat requirements. Gas streams containing
low CO2:H2S ratios generally require more heat for solution regeneration.
5
Applications
DIGLYCOLAMINE PRODUCT RECLAIMING — The
reclaiming of DIGLYCOLAMINE agent is usually necessary to maintain a circulating solution free of contaminants and with low concentrations of the bis(hydroxyethoxyethyl)urea (BHEEU). Heat-stable salts can also
be removed from the treating solution in the reclaiming
step. Addition of a low-chloride content alkali to the
reclaimer can be used to free any DIGLYCOLAMINE
product tied up as a heat stable salt.
The lengths of reclaiming cycles vary and are usually
determined for each individual plant. Commercial experience indicates reclaiming cycles vary from a few
weeks to as long as three months or more.
Periodically, operators should visually check to make
certain reclaiming operations are continuing at design
conditions. A flow indicator should be installed in the
DIGLYCOLAMINE agent feed and the supplemental
water feed to the reclaimer. Also, instrumentation
6
should be provided to enable plant operators to determine the quantity of heat being supplied to the DIGLYCOLAMINE agent solution reclaimer. Improper reclaimer
operation can result in increases in contaminants as
well as higher degradation product concentrations.
To determine DIGLYCOLAMINE agent reclaiming cycle
times, samples of lean treating solution and the
reclaimer liquid should be analyzed periodically for
increases in contaminant levels. Increases in contaminant level will vary at each individual plant; therefore, a
history of reclaiming operations must be developed. Our
Technical Services team can aid customers in determining optimum reclaimer cycle times.
It is recommended that the DIGLYCOLAMINE agent
reclaimer be designed utilizing the same basic design
techniques as those employed for monoethanolamine
reclaimers, with several additional considerations:
Applications
• The reclaimer should typically be sized to handle a minimum of 0.5% of the circulating solution. Certain types
of applications might require higher reclaiming rates.
• To optimize degradation product reconversion,
reclaiming temperatures should be maintained below
360°F and typically around 350 to 355°F. In order to
minimize thermal degradation, supplemental water
feed to the reclaimer is usually required to prevent the
reclaiming temperature from exceeding the 360°F
level. A portion of the regenerator reflux, steam condensate, or good quality make-up water can be used
for this purpose.
• Control of the DIGLYCOLAMINE agent feed to the
reclaimer is usually accomplished by setting a constant heat input to the reclaimer. With a constant
reclaimer heat duty, the reclaimer feed rate is controlled by the reclaimer kettle liquid level control. If
steam is utilized as the heating medium, it is recommended that a sparging steam line be installed below
the reclaimer tube bundle.
• Availability of sparging steam is particularly advantageous at the end of the reclaiming cycle to prevent
settling of the accumulated sludge and solids, which
will reduce liquid circulation around the reclaimer tube
bundle. Because relatively long reclaiming cycles can
be realized, it is important that 8 to 12 inches of clearance be provided between the bottom of the reclaimer
shell and the reclaimer tube bundle. This clearance will
accommodate the buildup of solids and sludge.
Reclaimer overhead vapors should be returned to the
stripping still via a separate line and can provide a significant portion of the regeneration heat requirements.
An extra nozzle for vapor reentry should be added four
or five trays from the bottom of the regenerator when
sour regenerator reflux is used as the supplemental
water source for the reclaimer.
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS — The choice of construction materials for DIGLYCOLAMINE agent solution
treating facilities is essentially the same as for
monoethanolamine systems. Generally speaking, treating systems handling gas streams with high ratios of
CO2:H2S are in much more corrosive service than
streams with low ratios of CO2:H2S and similar loadings and temperatures. Where low CO2:H2S ratios are
encountered, carbon steel is usually satisfactory.
Recommendations for construction materials should be
handled on an individual basis for the specific application. Additional assistance can be obtained through our
Technical Services team.
DIGLYCOLAMINE agent gas treating solution has distinct advantages over monoethanolamine and
diethanolamine for plants operating in cold weather
areas because heat tracing requirements are reduced.
DIGLYCOLAMINE agent solutions containing 30 to 35
wt. % H2O are within the eutectic region of the freezing
curve. Freezing points as low as -40°F have been
determined on actual plant samples containing 30 to
40 wt. % H2O and various quantities of acid gas.
Viscosities will, of course, be quite high at low temperatures. Normal operating solutions of 60% DIGLYCOLAMINE agent are pumpable at -10°F in many facilities.
7
Applications
Other Applications
DIGLYCOLAMINE agent is suggested for use in many
applications where other alkanolamines, morpholine, or
other amines have been utilized. It reacts with fatty
acids to form amides and amine salts useful as surfaceactive agents, such as foam boosters and stabilizers,
detergents, and emulsifying and wetting agents. The
reference numbers used in the following paragraphs
refer to the bibliography.
Our laboratory data demonstrate that, in certain concentration ranges, DIGLYCOLAMINE agent imparts
greater viscosities than triethanolamine in amine-neutralized linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid formulations. This
effect is quite advantageous in shampoos and other
specialty detergent and emulsifier applications. Aqueous
solutions of sulfonic acid neutralized with DIGLYCOLAMINE agent had the following viscosities at the indicated concentrations at 25°C:
Active Ingredients, %
5
10
15
20
25
Triethanolamine salt,
viscosity, SUS
5.5
9.9
64
728
4,725
DIGLYCOLAMINE
agent salt, viscosity
SUS
5.8 29.3 619 4,436 6,910
DIGLYCOLAMINE agent is used as an emulsifying agent
to prepare metal-working lubricants that prevent carbon
deposits and discoloration of the metal.51
Photoresist strippers are made using DIGLYCOLAMINE
agent in conjunction with N-methylpyrolidone.
DIGLYCOLAMINE agent solution use in shampoo formulations also results in reduced eye irritation.
Polyurethane rubber with lower solution viscosity and
higher film elongation and tensile strength is produced
using DIGLYCOLAMINE agent instead of preparations
using Sulfonyldiamine.52
Stanford Research Institute, under the direction of the
Fats and Proteins Research Foundation, has developed
a process using DIGLYCOLAMINE agent to make a tallow sulfate as a lime soap dispersant.
Other applications for DIGLYCOLAMINE agent include its
use as a component of paint strippers, hydraulic fluids,
extractive solvents, paper treating and textile treating
solutions, and dyes, as detailed below:
8
Applications
DIGLYCOLAMINE agent is used in accelerator additives
for alkaline paint stripping solutions. These products usually require much shorter contact times than more conventional alkaline paint stripping compositions.38, 45, 46, 48
Fire-resistant polyamide ester hydraulic fluids are produced by reacting DIGLYCOLAMINE agent with a dibasic
acid or one of its derivatives, such as phthalic anhydride.50
Anhydrous mixtures of DIGLYCOLAMINE agent and
other selective solvents are used to separate aromatic
compounds from hydrocarbon liquids. Extraction or
extractive distillation is employed. DIGLYCOLAMINE
agent’s high boiling point makes it especially suitable for
this application.36, 39, 42
DIGLYCOLAMINE agent is also used in the TherMEcel®
process for protecting and stabilizing transformer insulation papers against thermal deterioration and decomposition products of transformer oil and other liquid
dielectrics. The TherMEcel process was developed by
the Thomas A. Edison Division of McGraw-Edison. In
this process, newly formed paper is thoroughly impregnated with an aqueous solution of DIGLYCOLAMINE
agent while still on the papermaking machine.37, 49
Textile-treating solutions containing DIGLYCOLAMINE
agent help cellulosic fabrics retain their original finish.43
Liquid developers for diazo copying papers use DIGLYCOLAMINE agent to replace the NH3 developers that
contribute to air and water pollution problems.44, 47, 53
DIGLYCOLAMINE agent is also employed as a stabilizer
in diazo dye compounds for paper and cellulose fibers.40
For further information on the uses of DIGLYCOLAMINE
agent, consult the bibliography.
9
Physical Properties
The following physical properties are for DIGLYCOLAMINE
agent, a product of Huntsman
Corporation:
Molecular Weight
105.14
Boiling point, 760 mm Hg, °C
221
Critical constants*
Critical temperature, °C
401.4
Critical pressure, atm
42.98
Critical density, g/cc
0.322
Density, g/ml, 60°F
1.0585
77°F
1.0508
Flash point, Pensky-Martens closed cup, °F
255
Freezing point, °C
-12.2
Heat of vaporization, 760 mm Hg, Btu/lb
219.14
lonization constant, 25°C, kb
3.6 x 10-5
Refractive index, nD, 20°C
1.4598
Specific gravity, 20/20°C
1.0560
Specific heat of liquid, Btu/lb/ °F, 60°F
0.571
180°F
0.623
Thermal conductivity, 68°F,
Btu/hr, sq ft,°F/ft
0.121
Vapor pressure, 68°F, mm Hg
<0.01
Viscosity, 60°F, cp
40
Weight, 60°F, Ib/gal
8.82
* Calculated
Heat of Reaction of Hydrogen Sulfide and Carbon
Dioxide with DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent
Heats of reaction were determined on 95 wt. % DIGLYCOLAMINE agent in aqueous solution loaded to 0.2
moles of acid gas per mole of DIGLYCOLAMINE agent.
H = -850 Btu per pound of CO2
H = - 674 Btu per pound of H2S
10
Heats of Solution
20.1 wt. % water in DGA agent
72.7 Btu per pound of water
20.2 wt. % DGA agent in water
25.4 Btu per pound of DGA agent
Additional physical properties pertinent to handling and
using DIGLYCOLAMINE agent are presented in the
pages that follow. Properties were determined in the
laboratory using DIGLYCOLAMINE agent manufactured
by Huntsman Corporation. An attempt has been made
to correlate values that appear in the literature. Dotted
lines in the figures indicate extrapolation.
Physical Properties
Property
Figure
Vapor Pressure of Aqueous DGA Agent Solutions
1
Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium for Aqueous DGA Agent Solutions at Various Pressures
2
Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium for Aqueous DGA Agent Solutions at Various Pressures
3
Water Vapor Dew Points Over Aqueous DGA Agent Solutions Versus Temperature
4
Viscosity of DGA Agent Versus Temperature
5
Viscosity of Aqueous DGA Agent Solutions Versus Temperature
6
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Kinematic Viscosity of an Aqueous 25 Wt. % DGA Agent Solution Versus Temperature
7
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Kinematic Viscosity of an Aqueous 50 Wt. % DGA Agent Solution Versus Temperature
8
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Kinematic Viscosity of an Aqueous 65 Wt. % DGA Agent Solution Versus Temperature
9
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Kinematic Viscosity of an Aqueous 80 Wt. % DGA Agent Solution Versus Temperature
10
Effect of Temperature on Kinematic Viscosity of Aqueous DGA Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.1 Moles CO2/Mole DGA Agent
11
Effect of Temperature on Kinematic Viscosity of Aqueous DGA Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.2 Moles CO2/Mole DGA Agent
12
Effect of Temperature on Kinematic Viscosity of Aqueous DGA Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.4 Moles CO2/Mole DGA Agent
13
Effect of Temperature on Kinematic Viscosity of Aqueous DGA Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.2 Moles CO2 and 0.2 Moles H2S/Mole DGA Agent
14
Effect of Temperature on Kinematic Viscosity of Aqueous DGA Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.1 Moles CO2 and 0.3 Moles H2S/Mole DGA Agent
15
Density of DGA Agent Versus Temperature
16
Density of Aqueous DGA Agent Solution Versus Temperature
17
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Density of an Aqueous 25 Wt. % DGA Agent Solution Versus Temperature
18
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Density of an Aqueous 50 Wt. % DGA Agent Solution Versus Temperature
19
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Density of an Aqueous 65 Wt. % DGA Agent Solution Versus Temperature
20
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Density of an Aqueous 75 Wt. % DGA Agent Solution Versus Temperature
21
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Density of an Aqueous 80 Wt. % DGA Agent Solution Versus Temperature
22
Effect of Temperature on Density of Aqueous DGA Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.2 Moles CO2/Mole DGA Agent
23
Effect of Temperature on Density of Aqueous DGA Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.4 Moles CO2/Mole DGA Agent
24
Effect of Temperature on Density of Aqueous DGA Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.1 Moles CO2 and 0.1 Moles H2S/Mole DGA Agent
25
Effect of Temperature on Density of Aqueous DGA Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.2 Moles CO2 and 0.2 Moles H2S/ Mole DGA Agent
26
Specific Heat of Aqueous DGA Agent Solutions Versus Temperature
27
Thermal Conductivity of Aqueous DGA Agent Solutions
28
Freezing Points of Aqueous DGA Agent Solutions
29
pH of Aqueous DGA Agent Solutions at 20°C
30
Surface Tension of Aqueous DGA Agent Solutions Versus Temperature
31
Hydrogen Solubility in Gas Treating Amine Solutions Versus Hydrogen Partial Pressure
32
Nitrogen Solubility in Aqueous 60 Wt. % DGA Agent Solution at 180°F
33
11
Physical Properties
Figure 1
Vapor Pressure of Aqueous DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solutions
3,000
Water
50 Wt. % DGA Agent
70 Wt. % DGA Agent
90 Wt. % DGA Agent
95 Wt. % DGA Agent
100 Wt. % DGA Agent
2,000
1,000
700
500
VAPOR PRESSURE, mm Hg
300
200
100
70
50
30
20
10
5
3
100
150
200
250
TEMPERATURE, °F
12
300
400
500
Physical Properties
Figure 2
Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium for Aqueous DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solutions at Various Pressures
440
420
400
380
360
340
760 mm Hg
TEMPERATURE, °F
320
300
300 mm Hg
280
260
100 mm Hg
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
0
10
20
3
0
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
DIGLYCOLAMINE® AGENT, wt. %
13
Physical Properties
Figure 3
Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium for Aqueous DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solutions at Various Pressures
540
520
500
480
460
440
TEMPERATURE, °F
420
400
380
20 PSIA
360
25 PSIA
340
35 PSIA
320
300
280
260
240
220
0
10
20
3
0
40
50
60
70
DIGLYCOLAMINE® AGENT, wt. %
14
80
90
100
Physical Properties
Figure 4
Water Vapor Dew Points Over Aqueous DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solutions Versus Temperature
120
110
100
Water
50 Wt. % DGA Agent
70 Wt. % DGA Agent
80 Wt. % DGA Agent
90 Wt. % DGA Agent
95 Wt. % DGA Agent
97 Wt. % DGA Agent
98 Wt. % DGA Agent
99 Wt. % DGA Agent
90
WATER VAPOR DEW POINT, °F
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
–10
–20
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
TEMPERATURE, °F
15
Physical Properties
Figure 5
Viscosity of DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Versus Temperature
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
VISCOSITY, cp
20
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
50
100
150
200
TEMPERATURE, °F
16
250
300
Physical Properties
Figure 6
Viscosity of Aqueous DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solutions Versus Temperature
100,000.0
Freezing Point Curve
–40°F
10,000.0
–20°F
1,000.0
VISCOSITY, cp
0°F
20°F
100.0
40°F
60°F
80°F
100°F
120°F
10.0
140°F
160°F
180°F
200°F
1.0
0.1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
DIGLYCOLAMINE® AGENT, wt. %
17
Physical Properties
Figure 7
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Kinematic Viscosity of an
Aqueous 25 Wt. % DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solution Versus Temperature
4.00
(24 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.38 Moles CO 2/MOLE
DGA Agent
(24 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.19 Moles CO 2/MOLE
DGA Agent
(25 Wt. % DGA Agent); no CO 2
3.00
2.00
KINEMATIC VISCOSITY, cSt
1.50
1.25
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
50
75
100
125
150
TEMPERATURE, °F
18
175
200
225
250
Physical Properties
Figure 8
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Kinematic Viscosity of an
Aqueous 50 Wt. % DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solution Versus Temperature
30.00
(44.8 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.41 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(47.2 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.19 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(49.6 Wt. % DGA Agent); no CO 2
(48.6 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.10 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(46.0 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.21 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent and 0.23 Moles
H2S/Mole DGA Agent
(46.6 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.11 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent and 0.29 Moles
H2S/Mole DGA Agent
20.00
15.00
10.00
9.00
8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
KINEMATIC VISCOSITY, cSt
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.75
1.50
1.25
1.00
0.90
0.80
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
TEMPERATURE, °F
19
Physical Properties
Figure 9
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Kinematic Viscosity of an
Aqueous 65 Wt. % DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solution Versus Temperature
100.00
(57.0 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.42 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(58.7 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.20 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent and 0.21
Moles H2S/Mole DGA Agent
(60.9 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.20 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(59.4 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.10 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent and 0.30
Moles H2S/Mole DGA Agent
(62.6 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.10 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(64.4 Wt. % DGA Agent); no CO 2
75.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
KINEMATIC VISCOSITY, cSt
15.00
10.00
9.00
8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.75
1.50
1.25
50
75
100
125
150
TEMPERATURE, °F
20
175
200
225
250
Physical Properties
Figure 10
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Kinematic Viscosity of an
Aqueous 80 Wt. % DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solution Versus Temperature
1,000.0
(69.0 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.42 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(71.2 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.20 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent and 0.21
Moles H2S/Mole DGA Agent
(72.0 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.10 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent and 0.30
Moles H2S/Mole DGA Agent
(73.6 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.20 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(76.9 Wt. % DGA Agent); 0.10 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(79.5 Wt. % DGA Agent); no CO 2
500.0
100.0
75.0
50.0
KINEMATIC VISCOSITY, cSt
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
8.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
TEMPERATURE, °F
21
Physical Properties
Figure 11
Effect of Temperature on Kinematic Viscosity of Aqueous
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.1 Moles CO2 /Mole DGA Agent
100
90
80
70
60°F
80°F
100°F
120°F
140°F
160°F
180°F
60
50
40
30
KINEMATIC VISCOSITY, cSt
20
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
Solutions of 50, 65,
and 80 wt. % DGA
agent were loaded to
0.1 moles CO2/mole
DGA agent to obtain
this family of curves.
1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
DIGLYCOLAMINE® AGENT, wt. %
22
70
80
90
100
Physical Properties
Figure 12
Effect of Temperature on Kinematic Viscosity of Aqueous
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.2 Moles CO2 /Mole DGA Agent
100
90
80
70
60°F
80°F
100°F
120°F
140°F
160°F
180°F
60
50
40
30
KINEMATIC VISCOSITY, cSt
20
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
Solutions of 25, 50,
65, and 80 wt. %
DGA agent were
loaded to 0.2 moles
CO2/mole DGA
agent to obtain this
family of curves.
2
1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
DIGLYCOLAMINE® AGENT, wt. %
23
Physical Properties
Figure 13
Effect of Temperature on Kinematic Viscosity of Aqueous
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.4 Moles CO2 /Mole DGA Agent
1,000
800
60°F
80°F
100°F
120°F
140°F
160°F
180°F
600
500
400
300
200
100
KINEMATIC VISCOSITY, cSt
80
60
50
40
30
20
10
8
6
5
4
Solutions of 25, 50,
65, and 80 wt. %
DGA agent were
loaded to 0.4 moles
CO2/mole DGA
agent to obtain this
family of curves.
3
2
1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
DIGLYCOLAMINE® AGENT, wt. %
24
80
90
100
Physical Properties
Figure 14
Effect of Temperature on Kinematic Viscosity of Aqueous
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.2 Moles CO2 and 0.2 Moles H2S/Mole DGA Agent
100
90
80
70
60°F
80°F
100°F
120°F
140°F
160°F
180°F
60
50
40
30
KINEMATIC VISCOSITY, cSt
20
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
Solutions of 50, 65, and 80
wt. % DGA agent were
loaded to 0.2 moles CO2
and 0.2 moles H2S/mole
DGA agent to obtain this
family of curves.
1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
DIGLYCOLAMINE® AGENT, wt. %
25
Physical Properties
Figure 15
Effect of Temperature on Kinematic Viscosity of Aqueous
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.1 Moles CO2 and 0.3 Moles H2S/Mole DGA Agent
100
90
80
70
60°F
80°F
100°F
120°F
140°F
160°F
180°F
60
50
40
30
KINEMATIC VISCOSITY, cSt
20
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
Solutions of 50, 65, and 80
wt. % DGA agent were
loaded to 0.1 moles CO2
and 0.3 moles H2S/mole
DGA agent to obtain this
family of curves.
1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
DIGLYCOLAMINE® AGENT, wt. %
26
70
80
90
100
Physical Properties
Figure 16
Density of DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Versus Temperature
1.13
1.12
1.11
1.10
1.09
1.08
1.07
1.06
1.05
DENSITY, g/cc
1.04
1.03
1.02
1.01
1.00
0.99
0.98
0.97
0.96
0.95
0.94
0.93
0.92
0.91
0.90
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240 260
280 300
TEMPERATURE, °F
27
Physical Properties
Figure 17
Density of Aqueous DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solution Versus Temperature
1.13
Freezing Point Curve
1.12
–40°F
1.11
–20°F
1.10
0°F
1.09
20°F
1.08
40°F
60°F
DENSITY, g/cc
1.07
80°F
1.06
100°F
1.05
120°F
1.04
140°F
1.03
160°F
1.02
180°F
1.01
1.00
0.99
0.98
0.97
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
DIGLYCOLAMINE® AGENT, wt. %
28
80
90
100
Physical Properties
Figure 18
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Density of an Aqueous
25 Wt. % DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solution Versus Temperature
1.160
(24 wt. % DGA Agent); 0.38 Moles
CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(24.1 wt. % DGA Agent); 0.21
Moles CO2/Mole DGA Agent and
0.20 Moles H2S/Mole DGA Agent
(24.6 wt. % DGA Agent); 0.19
Moles CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(24.4 wt. % DGA Agent); 0.09
Moles CO2 and 0.11 Moles
H2S/Mole DGA Agent
(25 wt. % DGA Agent); no CO2
1.140
1.120
DENSITY, g/cc
1.100
1.080
1.060
1.040
1.020
1.000
0.980
80
100
120
140
160
180
TEMPERATURE, °F
29
Physical Properties
Figure 19
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Density of an Aqueous
50 Wt. % DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solution Versus Temperature
1.160
(44.8 wt. % DGA Agent); 0.41
Moles CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(46.6 wt. % DGA Agent); 0.18
Moles CO2 and 0.21 Moles
H2S/Mole DGA Agent
(47.2 wt. % DGA Agent); 0.19
Moles CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(48.1 wt. % DGA Agent); 0.11
Moles CO2 and 0.11 Moles
H2S/Mole DGA Agent
(49.6 wt. % DGA Agent); no CO2
1.140
1.120
DENSITY, g/cc
1.100
1.080
1.060
1.040
1.020
1.000
0.980
80
100
120
140
TEMPERATURE, °F
30
160
180
Physical Properties
Figure 20
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Density of an Aqueous
65 Wt. % DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solution Versus Temperature
1.160
1.140
1.120
DENSITY, g/cc
1.100
1.080
1.060
1.040
1.020
(57.0 wt. % DGA Agent); 0.42
Moles CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(60.9 wt. % DGA Agent); 0.20
Moles CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(64.4 wt. % DGA Agent); no CO2
1.000
0.980
80
100
120
140
160
180
TEMPERATURE, °F
31
Physical Properties
Figure 21
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Density of an Aqueous
75 Wt. % DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solution Versus Temperature
1.160
1.140
1.120
DENSITY, g/cc
1.100
1.080
1.060
1.040
(66.7 wt. % DGA Agent); 0.40
Moles CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(67.8 wt. % DGA Agent); 0.20
Moles CO2 and 0.18 Moles
H2S/Mole DGA Agent
(71.0 wt. % DGA Agent); 0.18
Moles CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(71.1 wt. % DGA Agent); 0.09
Moles CO2 and 0.10 Moles
H2S/Mole DGA Agent
(75 wt. % DGA Agent); no CO2
1.020
1.000
0.980
80
100
120
140
TEMPERATURE, °F
32
160
180
Physical Properties
Figure 22
Effect of Acid Gas Loading on Density of an Aqueous
80 Wt. % DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solution Versus Temperature
1.180
1.160
1.140
DENSITY, g/cc
1.120
1.100
1.080
1.060
1.040
(67.9 wt. % DGA Agent); 0.42
Moles CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(73.5 wt. % DGA Agent); 0.20
Moles CO2/Mole DGA Agent
(79.5 wt. % DGA Agent); no CO2
1.020
1.000
80
100
120
140
160
180
TEMPERATURE, °F
33
Physical Properties
Figure 23
Effect of Temperature on Density of Aqueous
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.2 Moles CO2 /Mole DGA Agent
1.13
60°F
Solutions of 25, 50, 65, and
80 wt. % DGA agent were
loaded to 0.2 moles
CO2/mole DGA agent to
obtain this family of curves.
1.12
1.11
80°F
100°F
120°F
1.10
140°F
1.09
160°F
1.08
180°F
DENSITY, g/cc
1.07
1.06
1.05
1.04
1.03
1.02
1.01
1.00
0.99
0.98
0.97
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
DIGLYCOLAMINE® AGENT, wt. %
34
80
90
100
Physical Properties
Figure 24
Effect of Temperature on Density of Aqueous
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.4 Moles CO2 /Mole DGA Agent
1.20
1.19
Solutions of 25, 50, 65, and
80 wt. % DGA agent were
loaded to 0.4 moles
CO2/mole DGA agent to
obtain this family of curves.
1.18
1.17
60°F
80°F
100°F
120°F
140°F
1.16
1.15
160°F
1.14
180°F
1.13
1.12
1.11
DENSITY, g/cc
1.10
1.09
1.08
1.07
1.06
1.05
1.04
1.03
1.02
1.01
1.00
0.99
0.98
0.97
0.96
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
DIGLYCOLAMINE® AGENT, wt. %
35
Physical Properties
Figure 25
Effect of Temperature on Density of Aqueous
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.1 Moles CO2 and 0.1 Moles H2S/Mole DGA Agent
1.13
Solutions of 25, 50, and 75 wt.
% DGA agent were loaded to
0.1 moles CO2 and 0.1 moles
H2S/mole DGA agent to obtain
this family of curves.
1.12
1.11
60°F
1.10
80°F
1.09
100°F
120°F
1.08
140°F
1.07
DENSITY, g/cc
160°F
1.06
180°F
1.05
1.04
1.03
1.02
1.01
1.00
0.99
0.98
0.97
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
DIGLYCOLAMINE® AGENT, wt. %
36
80
90
100
Physical Properties
Figure 26
Effect of Temperature on Density of Aqueous
DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solutions Loaded to 0.2 Moles CO2 and 0.2 Moles H2S/Mole DGA Agent
1.15
Solutions of 25, 50, and 75 wt.
% DGA agent were loaded to
0.2 moles CO2 and 0.2 moles
H2S/mole DGA agent to obtain
this family of curves.
1.14
1.13
60°F
80°F
100°F
1.12
120°F
1.11
140°F
1.10
160°F
1.09
180°F
DENSITY, g/cc
1.08
1.07
1.06
1.05
1.04
1.03
1.02
1.01
1.00
0.99
0.98
0.97
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
DIGLYCOLAMINE® AGENT, wt. %
37
Physical Properties
Figure 27
Specific Heat of Aqueous DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solutions Versus Temperature
340
320
300
Water
50 Wt. % DGA Agent
60 Wt. % DGA Agent
70 Wt. % DGA Agent
80 Wt. % DGA Agent
90 Wt. % DGA Agent
DGA Agent
280
260
TEMPERATURE, °F
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
1.05
1.00
0.95
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.75
SPECIFIC HEAT, Btu/lb/°F
38
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.55
Physical Properties
Figure 28
Thermal Conductivity of Aqueous DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solutions
0.45
0.40
Water
20 Wt. % DGA Agent
40 Wt. % DGA Agent
60 Wt. % DGA Agent
80 Wt. % DGA Agent
DGA Agent
Boiling Point Curve
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY, Btu/hr, sq ft, °F/ft
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
50
100
150
200
250
TEMPERATURE, °F
39
Physical Properties
Figure 29
Freezing Points of Aqueous DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solutions
80
70
60
50
40
FREEZING POINT, °F
30
20
10
0
–10
–20
–30
–40
–50
–60
0
10
20
3
0
40
50
60
DIGLYCOLAMINE® AGENT, wt. %
40
70
80
90
100
Physical Properties
Figure 30
pH of Aqueous DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solutions at 20° C
100.0
70.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
DIGLYCOLAMINE® AGENT, wt. %
10.0
7.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.7
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
10
11
12
13
14
pH
41
Physical Properties
Figure 31
Surface Tension of Aqueous DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solutions Versus Temperature
80
75
70
65
SURFACE TENSION, dynes/cm
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
Water
50 Wt. % DGA Agent
75 Wt. % DGA Agent
DGA Agent
15
10
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
TEMPERATURE, °F
42
120
130
140
150
Physical Properties
Figure 32
Hydrogen Solubility in Gas Treating Amine Solutions
Versus Hydrogen Partial Pressure
0.90
Hydrogen solubility in 20 wt. % MEA-water
solution at 144°F
Hydrogen solubility in 60 wt. % DGA
agent-water solution at 180°F
0.80
HYDROGEN SOLUBILITY, cu ft/gal DGA agent
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
0
40
80
120
160
200
240
280
320
360
400
HYDROGEN PARTIAL PRESSURE, psia
43
Physical Properties
Figure 33
Nitrogen Solubility in Aqueous 60 Wt. % DIGLYCOLAMINE® Agent Solution at 180°F
0.90
0.80
NITROGEN SOLUBILITY, cu ft/gal DGA agent
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
0
40
80
120
160
200
240
280
NITROGEN PARTIAL PRESSURE, psia
44
320
360
400
Chemical Properties
DIGLYCOLAMINE agent undergoes reactions typical of
alcohols and amines. It is isomeric with diethanolamine;
however, it has certain structural differences that are
advantageous in some applications. For example,
DIGLYCOLAMINE agent is a primary amine, whereas
diethanolamine is a secondary amine.
The primary NH2 group makes DIGLYCOLAMINE agent
more reactive than diethanolamine. In certain reactions,
such as those involving CO2, DIGLYCOLAMINE agent
will have an advantage over the primary amine,
monoethanolamine, in avoiding cyclic structures.
45
Handling and Storage
General
Steam coils with sufficient surface area to heat the
The handling and storage of DIGLYCOLAMINE agent
tank contents using low-pressure steam should be
presents no unusual problems. Our Technical
built into the tank about six inches above the floor. The
Service staff is available to assist those persons
coils should be constructed in such a manner as to
desiring additional information. See the Toxicity and
allow the condensate to drain. Stainless steel coils are
Safety section for related additional information.
preferred, particularly when low color DIGLYCOLAMINE agent solution is important. If steam heat is to
Maintaining Specifications
be used continuously to prevent high viscosities or
DIGLYCOLAMINE agent is hygroscopic and will
freezing, a temperature regulator that throttles either
absorb water vapor when exposed to a moist
the steam or condensate should be installed.
atmosphere. If water content is to be minimized, a
dry inert gas pad under a few ounces of pressure
In situations where the ambient temperature is low,
should be used on the storage tanks. A gas pad
tank insulation is desirable. Asphalt-cork or urethane
should also be used if low color is important, since
foam insulation sprayed onto the outer wall is satisfac-
absorbed atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide
tory. If a nitrogen pad is used, pressure relief and vacu-
will cause DIGLYCOLAMINE agent to develop color.
um relief valves of a suitable capacity should be
Since DIGLYCOLAMINE agent is basic, it will react
installed. The system may consist of a cylinder of nitro-
with acidic gases, hence carbon dioxide and natural
gen, a pressure reducing valve, a pressure relief valve,
gas containing acidic sulfur compounds cannot be
and a line to the top of the storage tank. Tankage
used. Nitrogen is quite suitable.
should be diked and electrically bonded and grounded.
The solvent properties and alkaline nature of DIGLY-
In cold climates, when DIGLYCOLAMINE agent is uti-
COLAMINE agent should also be considered when
lized for gas treating applications, it can be diluted
installing handling and storage facilities. DIGLYCO-
with water to approximately 80% concentration. An 80
LAMINE agent will react with copper to form com-
wt. % DlGLYCOLAMINE agent:water solution has a
plex salts. The use of copper and alloys containing
freezing point below -40°F.
copper should be avoided in equipment that will
contact DIGLYCOLAMINE agent or its aqueous solu-
Transfer Lines
tions. Carbon steel storage tanks constructed
Carbon steel transfer lines at least two inches in diam-
according to a recognized code are generally satis-
eter and joined by welds or flanges are suitable.
factory. In cases where low color is important, stain-
Screwed joints are subject to failure unless back-weld-
less steel is preferred.
ed because DIGLYCOLAMINE agent will leach conventional pipe dopes. U.S. Rubber 899 gasket material or
DIGLYCOLAMINE agent is not compatible with phe-
its equivalent is satisfactory for use with flanged con-
nolic resin linings.
nections in DIGLYCOLAMINE agent service.
46
Handling and Storage
If the ambient temperature is below 20°F, the transfer
Because DIGLYCOLAMINE agent has high viscosi-
line for the pure product should be steam traced and
ties at low temperatures, provision should be made
insulated. Steam tracing can be accomplished by
for preheating pumps exposed to the cold. To pre-
affixing copper tubing of approximately 3/8-inch
heat pumps, install steam tracing and apply low-
diameter to the underside of the line, insulating the
pressure steam to the tubing.
tube to the line, and using low-pressure steam in the
tubing. For flexible connections, stainless steel hose
Unloading in Cold Weather
is preferred to rubber, since rubber will generally
Thawing a tank or tank car of DIGLYCOLAMINE
deteriorate in DIGLYCOLAMINE agent service and
agent is accomplished by applying steam at 50
increase the color of the product with time and tem-
pounds pressure maximum to the coils of the tank
perature. Systems that are insulated and steam-
or tank car. Product temperature should be kept
traced should be preheated in cool weather before
below 150°F.
being put into service. Normally, 15 to 30 minutes of
applying steam to the tubing will adequately warm,
Thawing may be accelerated by using a liquid circu-
but not overheat, the system. Transfer piping and
lating pump. In the case of unloading tank cars, or if
pumps may be equipped with a nitrogen padding
steam is being discontinued to tanks, the coils
system so the DIGLYCOLAMINE agent can be pres-
should be blown free of condensate with dry air to
sured out of the lines when an extended idle period
prevent freezing of the condensate and coil rupture.
is contemplated. This practice will help reduce losses
For further information on handling frozen product in
and color increases that would result if the DIGLYCO-
tanks, it is recommended that reference be made to
LAMINE agent were allowed to remain in the lines.
Association of American Railroads’ Pamphlet No. 34,
and General American Transportation Corporation’s
Pumps
“Care of Heater Coils in Tank Cars.”
Carbon steel rotary pumps can be used with DIGLYCOLAMINE agent, although a centrifugal pump is
DIGLYCOLAMINE agent that has frozen in drums
preferred. Rotary pumps should be equipped with
may be thawed in a hot room at about 100° F.
externally lubricated bearings. A Durametallic Type
Thawing should be expected to require approximate-
RO-TT mechanical seal is suitable. Where pump
ly two to three days.
packing is required, Garlock 234, Garlock 239, or
equivalent is satisfactory.
47
Handling and Storage
New Facilities and Cleaning
tank should not be wire brushed or sandblasted
Prior to putting storage vessels into service, it is
because the oxides of iron are relatively inert to
desirable to purge with nitrogen to remove oxygen
DIGLYCOLAMINE agent. Once clean and dry, the
from the tank atmosphere. Although frequent clean-
tank should be sealed and purged with dry nitrogen
ing of tanks and transfer lines is not recommended,
to avoid undue condensation and rust formation.
it may be necessary due to contamination or accu-
Most of what has been described so far is con-
mulation of foreign material in the system. For such
cerned with commercial, essentially anhydrous,
cleaning, a water wash is generally satisfactory.
DIGLYCOLAMINE agent. Aqueous DIGLYCOLAMINE
agent solutions have lower freezing points and lower
Tank cleaning is normally accomplished by thorough-
viscosities, so storage and handling may be simpli-
ly sluicing the interior of the tank with a water jet,
fied considerably by dilution in storage if the DIGLY-
followed by cloth or chamois drying. Unless exces-
COLAMINE agent is to be used as an aqueous solu-
sive rust scale makes it necessary, the interior of the
tion (see Physical Properties section).
48
Toxicity and Safety
Toxicity Studies
Results of acute toxicity testing using DIGLYCOLAMINE
agent indicate that this product is slightly toxic by single
oral exposure, and practically nontoxic by single dermal
exposure. The oral LD50 in rats has been determined to
be 2.6 g/ kg, and the dermal LD50 in rabbits is in
excess of the 3.0 g/kg maximum concentration
employed in our limit test.
Acute irritation studies have shown this product to be
extremely irritating/corrosive to the skin of rabbits, with a
Draize score of 8.0 (maximum score 8.0). Due to its corrosive properties to the skin, rabbit eye irritation studies
using DIGLYCOLAMINE agent have not been performed,
but it is expected that this product would be extremely
irritating/corrosive to the eyes. A dermal sensitization
study (Beuhler method) has shown DIGLYCOLAMINE
agent to be nonsensitizing to guinea pigs induced and
challenged at concentrations of 10% in acetone.
A battery of in vitro genetic toxicity studies, employing
an Ames assay, a cell transformation assay, and an
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis (UDS) assay, did not
demonstrate any evidence of DNA damage or cell
growth transformation in the test systems.
Human Health Effects and First Aid
On the basis of the above toxicity studies, the principal
health hazard from accidental exposures to DIGLYCOLAMINE agent is a moderate-to-severe irritation/corrosion of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes.
Chemical-type goggles with face shield must be worn
during handling or use of the undiluted product or concentrated solutions. Contact lenses should not be worn.
Protective clothing and gloves resistant to chemicals
and petroleum distillates must be worn.
Should accidental eye contact occur, flush eyes with
large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, after
which a physician should be consulted. During flushing of the eyes, eyelids should be held apart to permit
rinsing of entire surface of eyes and lids.
For skin contact, immediately flush skin with large
amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. Clothing
wet with the product must be removed immediately
and laundered before reuse.
If DIGLYCOLAMINE agent is accidentally ingested,
and the individual is conscious and can swallow, he
or she should be given two large glasses of water,
after which a physician should be consulted. Since
this product is expected to produce severe
irritation/corrosion of mucous membranes, vomiting
should not be induced, due to the possibility of lung
damage from aspiration of the product into the lungs
during vomiting.
The vapor pressure of DIGLYCOLAMINE agent is quite
low, and exposure to harmful quantities of vapor
should not be a health problem under usual circumstances. However, adequate ventilation should be provided where a large quantity of product is exposed, or
where mists or vapors are generated. Spills in confined areas should be cleaned up promptly.
Spill Containment and Disposal
Spilled DIGLYCOLAMINE agent can be absorbed
using a solid absorbent and placed into drums for
disposal. Larger amounts of material may be disposed of by incineration or placement in a properly
controlled landfill site. In all instances, disposal of this
product should be performed in compliance with all
local, state, provincial, and federal regulations.
49
Shipping Information
Delivery of DIGLYCOLAMINE agent can be made in
10,000 and 20,000-gallon tank cars. These cars are
constructed of welded carbon steel and have bottom
unloading fittings and steam coils.
Deliveries can also be made in insulated, stainless
steel, full or compartmented tank wagons with steam
coils. If requested, tank wagons can be equipped with
unloading pumps and hoses.
Drums of DIGLYCOLAMINE agent can be shipped in
truckload or less-than-truckload quantities. The net
weight of a drum is 480 pounds; the gross weight is
50
approximately 501 pounds per drum. Drums are
UN1A1 or UN1H1, nonreturnable.
Under U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and
Canadian Transportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG)
regulations, the proper shipping name for DIGLYCOLAMINE agent is “2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol,”identification number UN 3055. This product is considered a
corrosive material (TDG hazard class 8) and requires a
“CORROSIVE”label for shipping.
For further information, please refer to the Material
Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product.
Bibliography
Gas Treating Applications
1.
Anon.: “GPA Explores H2S Removal Methods,” Oil & Gas Journal 7 76, No. 29, 66, 71-73 (1978).
2.
Barth, D., Tondre, C., and Delpuech, J. J.: “Stopped-Flow Investigations of the Reaction Kinetics of Carbon
Dioxide With Some Primary and Secondary Alkanolamines in Aqueous Solutions,” Int. J. Chem. Kinet. 18, No.
4, 445-457 (1986).
3.
Bucklin, Robert W.: “DIGLYCOLAMINE (DGA) - A Workhorse for Gas Sweetening,” Oil & Gas Journal 80, No.
45, 204, 208-210 (1982).
4.
Butwell, K. F., Kubek, D. J., and Sigmund, P. W.: “Alkanolamine Treating,” Hydrocarbon Process., Int. Ed., 61,
No.13, 108-116 (1982).
5.
Christensen, S. P., Christensen, J. J., and Izatt, R. M.: “Enthalpies of Solution of Carbon Dioxide in Aqueous
DIGLYCOLAMINE Solutions,” Thermochim. Acta, 106, 241-251 (1986).
6.
Dillard, Kenneth H., Abernathy, Marshall W., and Weber, Fred S.: “Desulfurization of Liquid Hydrocarbon
Streams,” Belgian 893,286, May 24, 1982; C.A. 98(12):92300x.
7.
Dingman, J. C.: “Gas Sweetening With DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent,” presented at Third Iranian Congress of
Chemical Engineering, Pahlavi University, Shiraz, Iran, November 6-10, 1977.
8.
Dingman, J. C.: “Don’t Blame Hydrocarbon Solubility for Entrainment Problems in Amine Treating Systems,”
presented at Annual AlChE Meeting, Miami Beach, Florida, November 2-7, 1986.
9.
Dingman, J. C., Jackson, J. L., Moore, T. F., and Branson, J. A.: “Equilibrium Data for the Hydrogen SulfideCarbon Dioxide-DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent-Water System,” Proceedings of Annual Convention - Gas Processors
Association, 62, 256-268 (1983).
10. Dingman, J. C., and Moore, T. F.: “Compare DGA and MEA Sweetening Methods,” Hydrocarbon Processing 47,
No. 7, 138-140 (1968).
11. Drew Chemical Corp.: “Absorption System for Removal of Acidic Gases,” Neth. Appl. 72 13,807, October 12,
1972; C.A. 83 100645w.
51
Bibliography
12. Freireich, E., and Tennyson, R. N.: “Process Improves Acid-Gas Removal, Trims Costs, and Reduces Effluents,”
Oil & Gas Journal 74, No. 34, 130-132 (1976).
13. Goar, B. Gene: “Today’s Gas-Treating Processes-1,” Oil & Gas Journal 69, No. 28, 77-79 (1971).
14. Griffith, T. E.: “Gas Sweetening in Field Operations,” Gas 46, No. 5, 77-79 (1970).
15. Harbison, J. L., and Dingman, J. C.: “Mercaptan Removal Experiences in DGA Sweetening of Low Pressure Gas,”
Gas Conditioning Conference at the University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 1972; C.A. 83 82356w.
16. Hikita, H., Asai, S., Ishikawa, H., and Honda, M.: “The Kinetics of Reactions of Carbon Dioxide With
Monoisopropanolamine, DIGLYCOLAMINE, and Ethylenediamine by a Rapid Mixing Method,” The Chem. Eng.
J. 14, 27-30 (1977).
17. Hikita, H., Ishikawa, H., Murakami, T., and Ishii, T.: “Densities, Viscosities, and Amine Diffusivities of Aqueous
MIPA, DIPA, DGA, and EDA Solutions,” J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 14, No. 5, 411-413 (1981).
18. Holder, Howard L.: “DIGLYCOLAMINE—A Promising New Acid Gas Remover,” Oil & Gas Journal 64, No.18, 8386 (1966).
19. Huval, M., and Van de Venne, H., “Gas Sweetening in Saudi Arabia in Large DGA Plants,” presented at the
March 2-4, 1981, Gas Conditioning Conference at the University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma.
20. Kohl, Arthur L., and Riesenfeld, Fred C.: Gas Purification, 2nd Ed., Gulf Publishing Co., Houston (1974).
21. Maddox, Robert N., Mains, Gilbert J., and Rahman, Mahmud A.: “Reactions of Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen
Sulfide With Some Alkanolamines,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 26, No. 1, 27-31 (1987).
22. Martin, Joel L., Frederick, D. Otto, and Mather, Alan E.: “Solubility of Hydrogen Sulfide and Carbon Dioxide in a
DIGLYCOLAMINE Solution,” Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 23, No. 2, 163-164 (1978).
23. Mason, J. R., and Griffith, T. E.: “MEA-DGA Switch Saves Steam,” Oil & Gas Journal 67, No. 23, 67-69 (1969).
24. McClure, George: “Removal of Carbon Oxide Sulfide From Liquid Propane,” German Offen. 3,034,386, April 22,
1982; C.A. 97(4):26226f.
52
Physical Properties
25. McClure, George, and Morrow, David C.: “Amine Process Removes COS From Propane Economically:” Oil &
Gas Journal 77, No. 27, 106-108 (1979).
26. Moore, T. F., Dingman, J. C., and Johnson, F. L. Jr.: “A Review of Current DIGLYCOLAMINE Agent Gas Treating
Applications,” Environ. Prog. 3, No. 3, 207-212 (1984).
27. Peterey, Ernst Q. Jr., and Breland, Clinton D.: “Method and Composition for Fluid Treatment,” U.S. 3,923,954,
December 2, 1975; C.A. 84 108273q.
28. Seubert, M. K., and Wallace, G. D. Jr.: “Corrosion in DGA Gas Treating Plants,” presented at NACE Corrosion
85 Meeting, Boston, Massachusetts, March 25-29, 1985.
29. Tennyson, R. N., and Schaaf, R. P.: “Guidelines Can Help Choose Proper Process for Gas Treating Plants,” Oil &
Gas Journal 75, No. 2, 78-80, 85-86 (1977).
30. Tonis, Joannes G., and Pienon, Adrianus P.; Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij N.V.: “Washing of Acid
Components From Hydrocarbon Gas Streams,” British 1,153,786, May 29, 1969; C.A. 71 32096t.
31. Valdez, Antonio R.; Fluor Corp.: “Separation of Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Moisture From Gaseous
Hydrocarbons,” German Offen. 2,451,958, April 30,1975; C.A. 83 118410a.
32. Weber, Steve, and McClure, George: “New Amine Process for FCC Desulfurizes Light Liquid Streams,” Oil &
Gas Journal 79, No. 23, 160-161, 163 (1981).
33. Yeakey, Ernest L., and Moss, P. H.; Jefferson Chemical Co., Inc.: “Purifying Gases Containing Acid Impurities
Using Stabilized 2-(2-Aminoethoxy) Ethanol,” U.S. 3,891,742, June 24, 1975; C.A. 83 166759t.
34. Yeakey, Ernest L., and Moss, P. H.; Jefferson Chemical Co., Inc.: “Stabilized 2-(2-Aminoethoxy) Ethanol,” U.S.
3,829,494, August 13, 1974; C.A. 81 104738k.
35. Williams, W. W.: “Treatment of Gas Plant Liquids With DIGLYCOLAMINE,’’ Gas Conditioning Conference at the
University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 1973; C.A. 81 123945s.
53
Bibliography
Other Applications
36. Basila, Michael R., and Pate, Alfred R. Jr.; Nalco Chemical Co.: “Extraction of Aromatic Hydrocarbons From
Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Using DIGLYCOLAMINE,” S. African 6,905,875, February 26, 1970; C.A. 73
79200d. Corresponds to U.S. 3,583,906 and 3,733,262.
37. Brummet, Berthel D., and Sadler, Fred D.: “Heat Stabilized Paper for Electrical Insulation,” Belgian 667,396,
November 16, 1965; C.A. 65 9164b. Corresponds to U.S. 3,403,968 and British 1,060,706.
38. Cooper, Joseph, and Corbett, William J.; W. R. Grace and Co.: “Paint Stripping Compounds,” U.S. 3,417,025,
December 17, 1968; C.A. 70 38971a.
39. Eisenlohr, Karl H., and Mueller, Eckart; Metallgesellschaft A.- G.: “Extraction of Aromatic Compounds With
Mixed Solvents,” Belgian 670,244, January 19, 1966; C.A. 65 120499. Corresponds to U.S. 3,366,568 and
3,415,739.
40. Frei, Alfred, and Schweizer, August; Sandoz Ltd.: “Stabilized Diazo Dye,” German Offen. 1,929,418, May 21,
1970; C.A. 73 57161q.
41. Globus, Alfred R.: “Stabilization of Ethanol-Gasoline Mixtures,” U.S. 4,328,004, May 4, 1982; C.A.
97(4):26197x.
42. Jones, W. T., and Payne, Vic: “New Solvent to Extract Aromatics,” Hydrocarbon Processing 52, No. 3, 91-92
(1973); C.A. 79 7600k.
43. Markiewitz, Kenneth H.; Atlas Chemical Ind., Inc.: “Urea Compounds for Treating Cellulosic Textiles,” German
Offen. 2,058,317, June 3, 1971; C.A. 75 130747h. Corresponds to U.S. 3,763,106 and British 1,305,136.
44. Matsui, Takeshi, and Yashida, Shigeaki; Ricoh Co., Ltd.: “Amine Developers for Diazo Copying Papers,”
Japanese 74 20,980, May 29, 1974; C.A. 82 105195p.
45. Murphy, Donald P.; Oxy Metal Ind. Corp.: “Amine Stripping Compounds,” U.S. 3,972,839, August 3, 1976; C.A.
85 144882S.
46. Murphy, Donald P.; Societe Continentale Parker: “Composition for Removing Organic Coatings From
Substrates,” French 2,019,526, July 3, 1970; C.A. 74 143414b. Corresponds to U .S. 3,671,465.
54
Physical Properties
47. Neuman, Henry J.: “Amine-Type Developer for Diazo Materials,” U.S. 3,809,560, May 7, 1974; C.A. 81 56643b.
48. Pyrene Co. Ltd.: “Composition and Process for Stripping Paint,” British, 1,229,779, June 29, 1972; C.A. 78
31560x.
49. Sadler, Fred Speer, and Heinrichs, Frank Wheddon; McGraw-Edison Co.: “Impregnating Cellulosic Fibers,”
French 2,122,153, September 29, 1972; C.A. 78 112952d. Corresponds to U.S. 3,736,178 and British
1,342,947.
50. Shibe, William J.; R. M. Hollingshead Corp.: “Polyamide Ester Hydraulic Fluids,” U.S. 3,341,543, September 12,
1967; C.A. 67 109252t.
51. Standard Oil Co.: “Lubricants for Metal Machining,” Neth. 65 03,934, September 28, 1965; C.A. 64 7957g.
Corresponds to U.S. 3,298,954 and British 1,109,304.
52. Vander Aue, John P.; Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co.: “Polyurethanes,” German Offen. 2,259,955, June 20,
1973; C.A. 79 80091. Corresponds to British 1,365,567.
53. Yashida, Shigeaki, and Matsui, Takeshi; Ricoh Co. Ltd.: “Developer Powder for Binary, Light Sensitive Diazo
Papers,” German Offen. 2,126,160, January 27, 1972; C.A. 76 134168p. Corresponds to British 1,357,135.
Toxicity
54. Smyth, H. F. Jr., Carpenter, C. P., and Weil, C. S.: AMA Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med. 4 119 (1951).
55
Sales Office
HUNTSMAN
CORPORATION
10003 Woodloch Forest Drive
The Woodlands, TX 77380
Tel: 281-719-6000
Fax: 281-719-6055
Research and Development
Advanced Technology Center
8600 Gosling Rd
The Woodlands, TX 77381
Tel: 281-719-7400
Fax: 281-719-7500
Huntsman International
Trading Corporation
350 Orchard Road #11-07
Shaw House
Singapore 238868
Tel: 65 730-0270
Fax: 65 730-0280
Huntsman International
Trading Corporation
Taiwan Representative Office
11-F4, 30, Sec. 3
Chung Shan N. Road
Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C.
Tel: 886-2-2586-3467
Fax: 886-2-8596-1919
Huntsman do Brasil
Participacoes, Ltda.
807 Conj. 2314
01311-000 San Paulo - SP,
Brazil
Tel: 55 11-253-6448
Huntsman Corporation Europe
Everslaan, 45
3078 Everberg
Belgium
Tel: 32-2-758-9211
Fax: 32-2-758-9946
56
Huntsman Corporation
Canada Inc.
Box 61128 RPO Kensington,
Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4S6 Canada
Tel: 403-276-1166
Fax: 403-276-1163
Huntsman de Mexico, S.A. de
C.V.
Angel Urraza Num. 303
Col. Insurgentes San Borja
C.P. 03100 Mexico, D.F.
Tel: 525-687-7551
Fax: 525-687-0991
Huntsman Australia
61 Market Road, Brooklyn,
Victoria, Australia, 3012
Tel: 61-3-9316-3646
Fax: 61-3-9316-3647
Emergency Assistance
For transportation emergencies
only, call CHEMTREC 1-800-4249300 or 1-800-328-8501.
For all other emergencies, call
409-722-8381, our 24-hour
emergency number in Port
Neches, Texas.
Copyright © 1982, 1988, 1989, 1993, 1995, 1999, 2005
1079-399
Huntsman Corporation
DIGLYCOLAMINE® and DGA® are registered
trademarks of Huntsman Corporation in one or
more, but not all, countries.
Huntsman Corporation warrants only that its products meet the specifications stated herein. Typical
properties, where stated, are to be considered as
representative of current production and should not
be treated as specifications. While all the information
presented in this document is believed to be reliable
and to represent the best available data on these
products, NO GUARANTEE, WARRANTY, OR REPRESENTATION IS MADE, INTENDED, OR IMPLIED
AS TO THE CORRECTNESS OR SUFFICIENCY OF
ANY INFORMATION, OR AS TO THE SUITABILITY
OF ANY CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS FOR ANY PARTICULAR USE, OR THAT ANY CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR USE THEREOF ARE NOT SUBJECT
TO A CLAIM BY A THIRD PARTY FOR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY RIGHT. EACH USER SHOULD CONDUCT A SUFFICIENT INVESTIGATION TO ESTABLISH THE SUITABILITY OF ANY PRODUCT FOR ITS
INTENDED USE. Products may be toxic and require
special precautions in handling. For all products listed, user should obtain detailed information on toxicity, together with proper shipping, handling, and storage procedures, and comply with all applicable safety and environmental standards.
10003 Woodloch Forest Drive
The Woodlands, Texas 77380
281-719-6000
Technical Services Section
8600 Gosling Rd.
The Woodlands, Texas 77381
281-719-7400
www.huntsman.com/performance_products
NYSE: HUN
©2005
HUNTSMAN CORPORATION