The Competitiveness of
Geothermal Technology as
Microgeneration
by
Gustavo Hernandez
Henry Dakurah
Anne Denman
Andrei Nikiforuk
Alberta Energy
Electricity Division
6th fl Petroleum Plaza North Tower
9945 108 St, Edmonton, AB
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
A
Presentation outline
2
Microgeneration in Alberta
MG technologies
Benefit of MG technologies
Geothermal technology as MG
Future evolution of GT as MG in Alberta
Conclusions
December 10-11, 2007
For discussion – does not represent Government Policies
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
A
Microgeneration in Alberta - Policy
MG policy offers market diversification, business opportunities
and supports green electricity generation
MG is defined as EcoLogo qualified distributed generation up
to 1MW of electricity generation
0
Housing
Small MG
150 kW
Small Business
1 MW
Large MG
Microgenerators sized to customer load
Microgenerators will receive credit for excess energy
The process is simple, efficient and microgenerator friendly
3
December 10-11, 2007
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Available microgeneration technologies
Photovoltaic
Solar Heating – Electricity
Geothermal Electricity
Micro hydro
Micro wind
Biomass
Cogeneration
Fuel Cells
Source: www.qub.ac.uk
Source:http://www.ausra.com
http://www.epa.gov
Source:
Source:
Source:
Source:
http://cr.middlebury.edu
http://www.nrel.gov
http://p2library.nfesc.navy.mil
Source:http://www.photonenergy.co.uk
Source:
Wikipedia
4
December 10-11, 2007
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2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
A
Where MG can benefit Alberta
Residential Energy Use by End-Use
Residential Energy Use by Energy Source
Space Cooling
*
Other
3.01
0.94
Lighting
Heating
Oil
5.276.19
Wood
Appliances
12.81
8.82
WaterElectricity
Heating **
15.71
36.82
Space
Heating
*
Natural
Gas
63.21
47.23
%
%
% 5% 10 % 10
%%2015
%%
20 30 % 25 % 40
% 30
%%35
50
% 40 % 60% 45
% 70
50
Primarily
* Main
areaGeothermal
of benefit Direct
Source: Statistics Canada, Report on Energy Supply-Demand in Canada, 1990–2005, Ottawa, May 2007
5
December 10-11, 2007
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A
Advantages - Cost evolution for MG
6
December 10-11, 2007
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Microgeneration – Benefits: jobs
Renewable energy
Construction & installation
Ratio per [MWp]
Operation & maintenance
ratio per [MWp]
Wind
7.5
0.2
Hydroelectrics
18.6
1.4
Geothermal
10.75
1.7
Solar— Photovoltaic
17.4
1.3
Solar—thermal
5.7
0.7
Solar-thermoelectrics
44.4
2
Biofuels
1.5
1.7
Sources:
- The benefits of a Brazilian agro-industrial symbiosis system and the strategies to make it happen, Journal of Cleaner Production
- The expansion of renewable energies and employment effects in Germany, Energy Policy Journal
- Use of economic instruments in the German renewable electricity policy, Energy Policy Journal
- Implementation of energy-conservation policies: the case of electric heating conversion in Denmark, Applied Energy Journal
- The effect of renewable energy on employment. The case of Asturias (Spain), Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews Journal
- Brazilian waste potential: energy, environmental, social and economic benefits, Energy Policy Journal
7
December 10-11, 2007
For discussion – does not represent Government Policies
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
A
GHG - Canada Framework
A framework: 20% (~150 MT) decrease from estimated 2006 GHG
Supported
Kyoto: 6%by
reduction
recent NRTEE
from 1990
analysis
levelsand
= 220
PMMT
Harper’s
reduction
speeches
from to
levels by 2020
estimated
APP
and UN,
2006the
GHG
Federal
levels
Government
by 2012 proposes:
60% to 70% reduction from 2006 levels by 2050
Source: Statistic Canada
8
December 10-11, 2007
For discussion – does not represent Government Policies
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
A
GHG - Alberta Framework
Alberta has GHG emission regulation.
Different programs (Me First, Alberta Solar Municipal Showcase & etc)
Starting July 1, Alberta facilities that emit more than 100,000 tonnes of
greenhouse gases a year will be required to reduce their emissions
intensity by 12 per cent under the Climate Change and Emissions
Management Amendment Act.
Industry has been given three options to meet the 12 per cent
reduction in emissions intensity. Facilities can:
make operating improvements,
buy Alberta-based credits or
contribute to the Climate Change and Emissions Management Fund
Sources: Alberta Energy http://www.gov.ab.ca
9
December 10-11, 2007
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A
GHG emission by technology
Technology
g/kWh
Coal
975
NG Thermal
608
NG Combined Cycle
519
PV
120
Geothermal
40-115
Solar PV
53
Biomass
0-40
Wind
29
Hydro-electric
19
Sources:
http://www.cna.ca
Geothermal energy technology and current status: an overview, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews
10
December 10-11, 2007
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2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
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Geothermal technology in Alberta
Geothermal Direct Use
Heating and cooling
Available always and everywhere
Competitive technology, but with a high capital cost
High energetic and exergetic efficiency
Supported by the Federal Government
30,000 heat pump units have been installed (www.iseee.ca)
Geothermal Electricity
Will be competitive with classical generation technology in
future years
Widespread geothermal potential
Available always and everywhere
Availability of around 100,000 abandoned wells of the O&G
industry
Geothermal available always and everywhere in Alberta
Source: http://www.iseee.ca
11
December 10-11, 2007
For discussion – does not represent Government Policies
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Future of Microgeneration
$/MWh
360
320
301
275
200
150
100
50
0
LP
PP
Retail Retail Retail Retail PV
2007 2015 2020 2030
Biom Geoth Wind Geoth
Ht (*)
El
Microgeneration, except (*)
MG prices: CERI, EDC Associates Ltd., Chase Energy Canada Ltd, others
Retail Price include administrative, distribution and transmission charges
2007 Reference numbers: DOE Alberta, RRO regulated base, AESO, Direct Energy, ENMAX, EPCOR
LP: the lowest price, represented by coal, w/o CO2 taxation
PP: wholesale price taking into consideration the technology evolution and CO2 taxation but excluding Nuclear technology
12
December 10-11, 2007
For discussion – does not represent Government Policies
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
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Competitiveness of MG in Alberta
SomeFuel
MG
Celltechnologies may need support in order to
be competitive
Solar PV
Need
support
Cogeneration
“Support” could mean:
Geothermal Electricity
Advertising promotion
Solar Heating Electricity
Need some
Cap-and-trade regulatory systems
support
Geothermal Direct *
Taxes in various forms
Heating *
Solar
Incentives
and subsidies in various forms
Micro Hydro
Programs
(energy efficiency, local development,
Don’t need
Micro Wind
support
others)
Etc.Biomass
2010
* Not MG
13
December 10-11, 2007
2020
2030
For discussion – does not represent Government Policies
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
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Competitiveness of MG in Alberta
Fuel Cell
Solar PV
Need
support
Cogeneration
Geothermal Electricity
Solar Heating Electricity
Need some
support
Geothermal Direct *
Solar Heating *
Micro Hydro
Don’t need
support
Micro Wind
Biomass
2010
* Not MG
14
December 10-11, 2007
2020
2030
For discussion – does not represent Government Policies
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
A
Conclusion
Geothermal can be used anywhere in Alberta and is not weather
dependent
As part of MG, Geothermal can:
Diversify the generation mix in Alberta and help meet increased
energy demand
Help fulfill the provincial and federal targets for GHG emission
Enhance regional economies through local investment
Generate jobs throughout Alberta’s economy
Improve stability of electricity cost for users
Help with the efficiency of the electric system, decreasing
transmission losses
There is a strong scenario for MG to participate in the deregulated
electricity market in Alberta
15
December 10-11, 2007
For discussion – does not represent Government Policies
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
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Questions, remarks, discussions
Gustavo Hernandez
Policy Integration Analyst
DOE, Electricity Division
Government of Alberta
(780) 644.2279
gustavo.hernandez@gov.ab.ca
Henry Dakurah
Senior Analyst
DOE, Electricity Division
Government of Alberta
(780) 427-1687
henry.dakurah@gov.ab.ca
Andrei Nikiforuk
Senior Manager
DOE, Electricity Division
Government of Alberta
(780) 422-9210
andy.nikiforuk@gov.ab.ca
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
Anne Denman
Executive Director
DOE, Electricity Division
Government of Alberta
(780) 422-9212
anne.denman@gov.ab.ca
A
MG – Capacity share market
% 100
% 90
% 80
% 70
% 60
% 50
% 40
% 30
% 20
% 10
%
99.4
98.3
97.5
0.6
1.7
2.5
2010
2015
2020
Microgeneration
17
December 10-11, 2007
92.6
7.4
2030
Non-microgeneration
For discussion – does not represent Government Policies
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
A
Evolution of average GHG emission
tCO2e/MWh
More probable scenario
18
December 10-11, 2007
Worst scenario
20
37
20
35
20
33
20
31
20
27
20
29
20
25
20
23
20
21
20
19
20
15
20
17
20
13
20
11
20
09
20
07
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Better scenario
For discussion – does not represent Government Policies
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
A
Proposed generation in Alberta by 2011
Energy Source type add by 2011
5%
Coal
19%
2007
2011
49.7
39.4
35%
Gas
37.2
39.4
Wind
4.2
14.8
Hydro
7.3
5.3
Biomass
1.5
1.1
Renewables
Gas
Coal
Interconnection
41%
•• The
wind generation
capacity
is 32%capacity
today and
70%will
by increase
2011, ofof
The renewable
electricity
generation
is will
13%increase
today and
renewable
energy
capacity
21%
by 2011
in Alberta
Source: DOE, Alberta
19
December 10-11, 2007
For discussion – does not represent Government Policies
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
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Price evolution – MG heating
$/kWh
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.1
GT-H
SH-H
BM
CG
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
20
07
20
09
20
11
20
13
20
15
20
17
20
19
20
21
20
23
20
25
20
27
20
29
20
31
20
33
20
35
20
37
0
20
December 10-11, 2007
For discussion – does not represent Government Policies
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
A
Price evolution – MG electricity
$/kWh
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
Coal
Coal
Coal
Gas
Coal
Gas
Gas
Coal
WD
Coal
Gas
WD
Gas
Coal
WD
PV
WD
Gas
Coal
PV
PV
WD
Gas
HY
WD
Gas
PV
HY
PV
GT-E
BM
CG
BM
GT-E
Retail
GT-E
Retail
SH-E
BM
Retail
GT-E
SH-E
Retail
GT-E
SH-E
Retail
GT-E
Retail
GT-E
Retail
Retail
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
2
2200000
0 777
2
2200000
0 999
2
2200011
1 111
2
2200011
1 333
2
220001
11555
2
2200011
1 777
2
2200011
1 999
2
2200022
2 111
2220002
22333
2220002
22555
2220002
22777
2220002
22999
2220003
33111
2220003
33333
2220003
33555
2220003
33777
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
21
December 10-11, 2007
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A
Potential of Alberta - Solar
Source: http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca
22
December 10-11, 2007
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A
Potential of Alberta - Biomass
Source: http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca
23
December 10-11, 2007
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Potential of Alberta - Wind
Source: http://www.retscreen.net
24
December 10-11, 2007
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A
Potential of Alberta – Micro Hydro
Source: http://www.retscreen.net
25
December 10-11, 2007
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Potential of Alberta – Geothermal
Source: http://www.iseee.ca
26
December 10-11, 2007
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Photovoltaic and Solar heating
27
Barriers
Benefits
Market and economic
- Not cost competitive.
- High start-up costs.
- Not a developed market, lack of competition.
- Missing market infrastructure.
- Lobby of electricity companies.
- Lack of promotion and public interest.
- Average capacity factor of 17%.
Financial
- Lack of financial feasibility.
Infrastructural
- Sun does not always shine.
- Lack of regulatory/legal framework.
- Produce DC then the inverter lost around 8% of energy.
Perceptual
- Visual contamination.
- Lack of information and awareness.
Integration
- Restrictive and unclear grid connection standards.
Competition with different sectors
- Lack of policy integration with other sectors.
- Planning policy and building regulations both provide
opportunities but can act as constraints.
Environmental
- Visual contamination.
- No fuel cost.
- Suitable for areas where fossil fuels are expensive
or where there is no connection to the grid.
- Low cost maintenance.
- Reduces greenhouse gas.
December 10-11, 2007
For discussion – does not represent Government Policies
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
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Wind
Barriers
Benefits
Market and economic
- High start-up costs.
- Most wind farms operate at 25-35% capacity
- Negative effect on tourism.
- Missing market infrastructure.
- Lobby of electricity companies.
- Lack of promotion and public interest.
- Inadequate promotion of the availability.
Financial
- Lack of financial feasibility.
Infrastructural
- Wind does not always blow.
Perceptual
- There is not legislation for noise, visual contamination and other
risks.
- Lack of information and awareness.
Integration
- Obtaining access to the grid can be a challenge
Competition with different sectors
- Lack of policy integration with other sectors.
Environmental
- Noise, visual contamination, death of birds are the problems.
- Not fuel cost.
- No emissions or waste.
- Commercially viable source of power.
- Reduces greenhouse gas.
28
December 10-11, 2007
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Biomass
Barriers
Barriers
Market and economics
- High start-up and operating cost.
- Competition within biomass sectors.
- The relative price among electricity and crop.
- Difficulty to compete with electricity from fossil fuels.
- Negative effect on tourism and business.
- Bioenergy consumption is greatest in countries with heavy subsidies
or tax incentives.
- The world focus is putting in biodiesel where Biomass can compete.
Financial
- Lack of financial feasibility.
Infrastructural
- The farmers must work with rapeseed crops.
Perceptual
- The farmers need to be convinced.
- The people in general oppose, the local government must involve.
- Lack of information and awareness.
Integration
- High availability of sites but the place to install the factory it is very
important to decrease the cost; it is a problem with the
population, because they consider the contamination (waste
incineration), odour, noise, truck traffic, risks.
- There is not legislation for Biomass, noise, truck traffic, risks, odour,
waste incineration, etc.
Competition with different sectors
- With wood, must be controlled the production and sowed.
It can have problems with pulp and paper industries.
- It compete with biodiesel industry
- Planning policy and building regulations both provide
opportunities but can act as constraints.
Environmental
- Environment contribution of the biomass are not yet well
understood at the local level
- Produces some emissions.
- Waste incineration.
- Negative impact to wildlife and ecosystems, water and
weather.
29
December 10-11, 2007
Benefits
- Uses landfill gas and waste products to create electricity.
- Net zero greenhouse gas.
- High availability of sites.
- Community integration.
- It can produce heating, electricity, gas and biodiesel.
- Economical regional development.
For discussion – does not represent Government Policies
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
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Geothermal
30
Barriers
Benefits
Market and economics
- High capital costs.
- Not developed market, lack of competition.
- Missing market infrastructure.
- Inadequate promotion of the availability.
Financial
- Lack of financial feasibility.
Infrastructural
- Few potential sites in Alberta.
- Lack of regulatory/legal framework.
- Lack of people know-how.
Perceptual
- Lack of information and awareness.
Integration
Competition with different sectors
- Planning policy and building regulations both provide
opportunities but can act as constraints.
Environmental
- Reliable source of power.
- Low fuel and operating costs.
- Clean and renewable source of energy
- Reduces greenhouse gas.
December 10-11, 2007
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Cogeneration
31
Barriers
Benefits
Market and economics:
- Medium capital costs.
- Very small market.
Financial
- Lack of financial feasibility.
Infrastructural
Perceptual
- Lack of information and awareness
Integration
Competition with different sectors
Environmental
- Difficulty to define it as renewable
- Improve the emissions.
- Depend of primary generation.
- Improve installed systems.
December 10-11, 2007
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Hydro
32
Barriers
Benefits
Market and economics
- Regulatory approval can be costly and time consuming.
- Small market.
- Inadequate promotion of the availability.
Financial
- Lack of financial feasibility.
- Lack of regulatory/legal framework.
Infrastructural
Perceptual
- Lack of information and awareness
Integration
- Obtaining access to the grid can be a challenge
Competition with different sectors
Environmental
- Modify the thread of water.
- Low capital costs.
- Potential sites in Alberta.
- Well established technology.
December 10-11, 2007
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Fuel Cells
33
Barriers
Benefits
Economics:
- Not cost competitive.
- Not developed market, lack of competition.
- Missing market infrastructure.
Financial
- Lack of financial feasibility.
Infrastructural
Perceptual
- Lack of information and awareness.
Integration
Competition with different sectors
- Technological breakthroughs are needed for fuel cells to be
commercially viable.
Environmental
- Fast start-up time.
- Very low emissions.
- Wide range of applications.
December 10-11, 2007
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The geothermal source
Source: Ground-source heat pumps systems and applications, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews Journal
34
December 10-11, 2007
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Geothermal Process
Source:Geothermal energy technology and current status: an overview, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews
35
December 10-11, 2007
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Power plant exergy flow diagram
Source: A key review on exergetic analysis and assessment of renewable energy resources for a sustainable future,
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews Journal
36
December 10-11, 2007
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Efficiency of the technologies
Source: Exergy analysis of renewable energy sources, Renewable Energy Journal
37
December 10-11, 2007
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Geothermal Power Plant - schema
Source:Geothermal energy technology and current status: an overview, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews
38
December 10-11, 2007
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Geothermal for Electricity - Binary
Source: http://www.greencarcongress.com
39
December 10-11, 2007
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DoE1
Electricity generation - Approaches
Dry Steam
Flash Steam
Binary Cycle
Source: http://www.energyamericainc.com
40
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Slide 40
DoE1
Department of Energy, 11/22/2007
Example of temperature vs depth in ground
Source:Ground heat exchangers—A review of systems, models and applications, Renewable Energy Journal
41
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Geothermal
Source:Ground heat exchangers—A review of systems, models and applications, Renewable Energy Journal
42
December 10-11, 2007
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Geothermal heating/cooling
Source: Ground-source heat pumps systems and applications, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews Journal
43
December 10-11, 2007
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Diagram of a phase change heat pump
Source: Ground-source heat pumps systems and applications, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews Journal
44
December 10-11, 2007
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Status of O&G wells in Alberta
Source: APEGGA
45
December 10-11, 2007
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Oil wells for geothermal electricity
Source: http://www.gns.cri.nz/
46
December 10-11, 2007
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Oil wells for geothermal electricity
Source: http://www.gns.cri.nz/
47
December 10-11, 2007
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CO2 emission for Goethermal
Source:Geothermal energy technology and current status: an overview, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews
48
December 10-11, 2007
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The Lindal Diagram
Source:Ground heat exchangers—A review of systems, models and applications, Renewable Energy Journal
49
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Three options for the industry in Alberta
Improvements to operations
Facilities can make improvements to their operations that will result in reductions. For
example, a facility could install a more efficient boiler.
Alberta-based credits
A facility can purchase credits from large emitters that have reduced their emissions
intensity beyond their 12 per cent target. They can also purchase credits from facilities
whose emissions are below the 100,000-tonne threshold but are voluntarily reducing
their emissions. This includes projects in the forestry, agriculture and transportation
sector. The projects must have legitimate greenhouse gas reductions in the province.
Alberta has released draft protocols that outline how to quantify and verify emission
reductions for different types of projects. For example, the protocol will specify how
reducing cultivation of farm land can help store more carbon in the soil.
Climate Change and Emissions Management Fund
A third option would be for companies to pay $15 for every tonne over their reduction
target. The money will be put into the Climate Change and Emissions Management
Fund, which will be directed to strategic projects or transformative technology aimed at
reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the province. The Alberta government will
determine a process for how the fund is allocated to projects that qualify. It will not be a
holding account for companies to deposit money they could later withdraw.
50
December 10-11, 2007
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A
GHG emission reduction variation – 2006 ba
%
20
10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
More probable scenario
51
December 10-11, 2007
Worst scenario
For discussion – does not represent Government Policies
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
Better scenario
A
20
37
20
33
20
35
20
29
20
31
20
27
20
23
20
25
20
19
20
21
20
17
20
13
20
15
-10
20
09
20
11
20
07
0
GHG emission reference taxation
$/tCO2e
30
25
20
15
10
5
20
07
20
09
20
11
20
13
20
15
20
17
20
19
20
21
20
23
20
25
20
27
20
29
20
31
20
33
20
35
20
37
0
52
December 10-11, 2007
For discussion – does not represent Government Policies
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
A
Generation and consumption evolution
MW
25000.0
20000.0
15000.0
Capacity
Consumption
Non-Micro Capacity
Micro-Capacity
10000.0
5000.0
20
07
20
09
20
11
20
13
20
15
20
17
20
19
20
21
20
23
20
25
20
27
20
29
20
31
20
33
20
35
20
37
0.0
53
December 10-11, 2007
For discussion – does not represent Government Policies
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
A
Electricity generation and environment
54
December 10-11, 2007
For discussion – does not represent Government Policies
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
A
Source:http://www.renocombi.com
55
December 10-11, 2007
For discussion – does not represent Government Policies
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
A
Alberta Energy Conservation and
Efficiency Programs
All new government buildings to be LEED Silver standard;
Audit and retrofitting of all government-owned buildings;
Per capita interest-free loan program to encourage
56
municipalities to move to energy efficiency practices;
Built Green program: promotion of energy efficient new homes.
Climate Change Central rebate program for furnaces and
washing machines;
OnFarm energy efficiency audits $1 million program to support
100 energy efficiency audits for dairy, swine and poultry
producers;
Municipal Energy (ME) First $30 million in interest free loans for
60 projects to increase energy efficiency in municipal buildings;
Alberta Energy Strategy currently under development.
EcoTrust Clean Air and Climate Change Fund: $155.9 million
December 10-11, 2007
For discussion – does not represent Government Policies
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
A
MG share in electricity generation
% 40
% 35
% 30
% 25
% 20
% 15
% 10
%5
%
Wind
PV
GT
2010
57
December 10-11, 2007
SH
2020
BM
HD
CG
2030
For discussion – does not represent Government Policies
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
A
Renewable share
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Wind
PV
GT
SH
2010
58
December 10-11, 2007
2020
BM
HD
CG
2030
For discussion – does not represent Government Policies
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
A
Available microgeneration technologies
Photovoltaic
Solar Heating
Solar Heating – Electricity
Hydro
Wind
Geothermal Cooling/Heating
Geothermal Electricity
Fuel Cells
Cogeneration
Biomass
Source: www.rainbowtradingpost.co.uk
Source: www.qub.ac.uk
Source:http://www.ausra.com
http://www.epa.gov
Source:
Source:
Source:
Source:
http://cr.middlebury.edu
http://www.nrel.gov
http://p2library.nfesc.navy.mil
Source:http://www.photonenergy.co.uk
Source:
Wikipedia
Source: http://www.geo-exchange.ca
59
December 10-11, 2007
For discussion – does not represent Government Policies
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
A
Alberta GHG emission
Source: Statistic Canada
60
December 10-11, 2007
For discussion – does not represent Government Policies
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
A
Process
Regulation development is in progress
We expect early next year the regulation
become law
61
December 10-11, 2007
For discussion – does not represent Government Policies
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
A
Principles
Support customer choice
Safety and reliability will not be compromised
Distribution system planned to accommodate
Microgenerators will receive credit for exported energy
Microgenerator will be sized to customer load
Processes should be simple, efficient and
microgenerator friendly
62
December 10-11, 2007
For discussion – does not represent Government Policies
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
A
Key Proposals
MG is defined as
1 MW or less
connected to the distribution system
generator sized to the customer’s load and
using renewable or alternative technology
Two sub-classes of MG are proposed:
Less than 150 kW (Small) and
greater than 150 kW but less than 1 MW (Large)
For MG’s less than 150 kW the Retailer who supplies electricity
to the MG will be required to manage a net billing arrangement
for the MG, and will invoice the AESO to recover amounts paid
to the MG
63
December 10-11, 2007
For discussion – does not represent Government Policies
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
A
Key Proposals (Cont)
Small MGs
will be metered using a bi-directional cumulative energy meter.
Net generation will be credited to the MG at the same rate that
the MG purchases energy. The Retailer will invoice the AESO
for the amount of the credits and AESO will be allowed to
recover that cost through its tariff or charges
For the larger category of MG,
bi-directional interval meters will be used. Net generation will
be credited to the MG at the hourly pool price. Excess credits
will be carried over and paid out periodically
64
December 10-11, 2007
For discussion – does not represent Government Policies
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
A
Key Proposals (Cont)
Installed and ongoing costs for
meters
meter installation
meter data management and
load settlement
will be at the DWO’s expense and recovered through its tariffs.
The Alberta Utilities Commission (AUC)
will convene processes to simplify the approvals process and
standardize interconnection agreements
A review of the policy is proposed when there are 300 MG sites or
a total of 25 MW of installed MG
65
December 10-11, 2007
For discussion – does not represent Government Policies
2nd National GeoExchangeTM Business & Policy Forum
A