ENERGY + ENVIRONMENT BUILDING - BASIS OF DESIGN
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
Electrical Systems (ARUP)
Electrical
Codes & Regulations
Design Load Estimates
Normal Power
Emergency Power
Grounding System
Lighting
Lighting Control
Fire Alarm System
PV System Basis of Design
Passive Daylighting Analysis
Examples of Analysis
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS (CUPERTINO)
Lighting Base Design Criteria
Applicable Codes, Guidelines and Standards
Load Calculation Criteria
Equipment Sizing Criteria
Lighting Systems
8
electrical
systems
DRAFT - 73
ENERGY + ENVIRONMENT BUILDING - BASIS OF DESIGN
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
Electrical
The following content is based on preliminary
program input received from Stanford University,
Boora Architects, and CAS Architects. The load
allowances provided herein reflect updated architectural programming requirements that have
been revised since the issue of the SEQ2 Master
Plan and Design Guideline. The load allowances
for both chemical and computational (i.e. dry)
laboratories are based on preliminary estimates
provided as part of the initial Master Plan documents. These laboratory loads will be revised to
reflect the updated lab loads as they are made
availible for the inclusion in this report. The load
allowances provided in this document represent
predicted connected load per the National Electric Code (NEC) requirements and should not be
used to validate LEED or sustainable criteria.
Codes & Regulations
8
74 - DRAFT
The electrical installation will comply with the
following codes and standards, latest edition as
adopted by Santa Clara County:
•California Electrical Code (CEC)
•California Administrative Code, Title 24
(Energy Conservation)
•California Building Code for seismic bracing
(CBC)
•California Code of Regulations (CCR)
•California Fire Code (CFC)
• National Fire Protection Association
Standards
The electrical installation will comply with the following recommendations and design practices:
• Illuminating Engineering Society of North
America (IESNA)
• Stanford’s Facility and Operations Design
Standards, latest edition
The electrical system will include:
• Lighting (interior and exterior)
• Power (normal, emergency & stand-by,
277/480V, 120/208V, 3‑phase, 4‑wire)
• Signal systems: Fire alarm, telecommunication (voice/data) and security
Estimated connected load for the Environment & Energy Building (E+E)
Overall VA/ft2
Normal (kVA)
Emergency
VA/ft2
38,608
29
1,120
10
392
Laboratories - Dry
12,808
29
371
10
130
Offices
38,922
7
272
1
27
7
0
1
0
6
74
1
7
Special Use
10
0
1
0
Common Space
6
0
1
0
50
50
25
25
Programs
Area (sqft)
Assignable ft2
103,656
Laboratories - Wet
Regional Assets
Seminar/Conference
Server Room
12,318
1,000
Emergency
(kVA)
Pumps & Fans
-
-
280
70
Design Load Estimates
Plumbing
-
-
50
13
Elevators
-
-
108
54
The following is a summary of the preliminary
load estimates for the Environment and Energy
Building. It must be noted that these loads are
based on schematic information from Boora
Architects and CAS Architects. This information
will be updated as additional input is received
from Stanford University, Boora Architects and
CAS Architects. The exact loads in the laboratory
areas will have a significant effect on the sizing of
the main systems.
Fire Pump
-
-
35
35
Attria Exhaust
-
-
80
80
Sub Total
2,440
833
Allow 10% Margin
244
83
Total Demand
2,684
916
VA/ft
2
25.9
8.8
ENERGY + ENVIRONMENT BUILDING - BASIS OF DESIGN
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
Estimated connected load for the School of Engineering Building (SoE)
Programs
Assignable ft2
Area (sqft)
Overall VA/ft2
Normal (kVA)
Emergency
VA/ft2
Emergency
(kVA)
82,696
Laboratories - Wet
29
0
10
0
Laboratories - Dry
29
0
10
0
Offices
28,677
7
201
1
20
Regional Assets
25,999
7
182
1
18
Seminar/Conference
1,088
6
7
1
1
Special Use
18,520
10
185
1
19
Common Space
8,012
6
48
1
5
400
50
20
25
10
Server Room
Pumps & Fans
-
-
200
50
Plumbing
-
-
35
9
Elevators
-
-
108
54
Fire Pump
-
-
35
35
Attria Exhaust
-
-
55
55
Sub Total
1,076
275
Allow 10% Margin
108
28
Total Demand
1,183
303
14.3
3.7
VA/ft
2
Note: The estimated connected load for the School
of Engineering is based on Master Plan load estimates provided in August 2004 with revised areas
updated in a later issue of SEQ 2 Master Plan and
Design Guidelines.
An allowance will be made for a total of two (2)
outdoor pad mounted transformers with 12470(∆)
volt primary service and a 277/480(Y) volt secondary building service. The building system
ground will be provided at the buildings service
entrance. The final size of the transformers serving the Environment and Energy Building will be
determined by Stanford University and provided
under a separate utility project.
Two (2) additional transformer pads will be provided along the south side of the Science and
Engineering Quad 2 for the future power requirements of the School of Engineering Building. This
allowance includes the pad(s) and secondary conduits from the pad to the main electrical room.
One diesel fuel generator will be located on
grade. The generator will be an outdoor model
with sufficient fuel for 8 hours at full rated current.
The generator fuel storage tank will be a sub-base
tank and will contain approximately 525 gallons
of diesel fuel. The generator will be enclosed in a
weather proof, acoustical enclosure. The generator size is currently estimated at 900 kW but will
again depend on what equipment in the building
will require generator back-up. The exact loads
in the laboratory areas will have a significant
effect on the sizing of the generator.
The estimated generator size does not take into
account the standby load that could be supplemented with a fuel cell. The economic payback
and potential benefit of a 250 kW fuel cell is being
reviewed by Stanford University.
Power Distribution System
Electrical service will be obtained from the 12kV
campus distribution system supported by the
Paulou Substation. The transformers will be
arranged for loop feed. Stanford will confirm the
exact point of service connection and whether the
system has sufficient capacity to service the new
buildings.
Normal Power
Two options for distributing power to the laboratory panelboards are being presented at the schematic design stage.
• The first utilizes the traditional horizontal distribution that requires a distribution panel and
transformer on each floor to serve the laboratory
panels local to that floor. This method requires less
space for distribution equipment in the basement
electrical rooms but increases the requirements in
the upper floor electrical rooms.
• The second option utilizes vertical distribution and locates a main distribution panel and
transformers to serve all laboratory panels in the
basement electrical rooms. This reduces the space
requirement for the electrical rooms on upper
floors.
The main electrical room will contain two (2) main
switchboards and distribution boards for the Environmental and Energy Building. The main switchboards will be connected via a 1200A busway for
redundancy with Kirk Key Interlocking devices. A
space allowance will be provided within the main
electrical room for future switchboards and distribution boards required by the School of Engineering Center.
The building power distribution will be at
277/480V and 120/208V via cable feeders in
conduits and will be distributed as follows:
• 480V, 3‑phase, 3‑wire for all motor loads one
horsepower and larger.
• 277V, 1‑phase for fluorescent lighting and
HID fixtures.
• 208V, single phase or 3‑phase for special
equipment.
• 120V, single phase for receptacle outlets and
motors 3/4‑horsepower or smaller.
• No facility will be provided for power system
other than 277/480V and 120/208V AC,
3‑phase, 4‑wire, 60 Hz.
The two (2) main switchboards will be rated at a
maximum of 2000A, 277/480V, 3‑phase, 4‑wire
and will be located inside the building in a naturally ventilated, or conditioned, switchgear room.
This main electrical room will be approximately
1750 ft2 in size and positioned at the basement
level on the east side of the Environment and
Energy Building.
Each switchboard will include a digital Power
Measurement Ltd meter per Stanford University
Standards to monitor voltage, current, and energy
usage. This monitoring system will be compatible with existing campus communication protocol
(SCADA) and the building’s Energy Management
Control System (EMCS).
The branch electrical rooms of approximately 150
ft2 in size, with a minimum width of 8’-0”, shall
be provided for in two (2) vertically stacked locations. The vertical stacks will be located central
to the north-west the central to the building, and
directly over the main electrical room.
277/480V distribution boards and feeders will be
provided for service to the elevators, pump room,
mechanical equipment and lighting panelboards.
120/208V distribution board will be provided to
serve the general receptacles, any incandescent
light fixtures, and all 120V and 208V equipment.
One minimum 42-pole 120/208V, 3-phase, 4wire panelboard with main circuit breaker will be
provided for each laboratory. Motor control centers and/or distribution boards for mechanical
equipment will be provided for each mechanical
room and roof mechanical platform.
8
electrical
systems
Distribution transformers will be K-13 for nonlinear loads and will be provided with 200% rated
neutral terminals. Feeders for non-linear loads
will include 200% rated neutral conductors.
Distribution of power within the building laboraDRAFT - 75
ENERGY + ENVIRONMENT BUILDING - BASIS OF DESIGN
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
Fuel Cell
(Continuous
Operation)
~12' × 22'
the Contractor in accordance with the recommendations and guidelines of the Illuminating
Engineering Society (IESNA) and Stanford’s specification requirements. The lighting power density
target will be confirmed by the Contractor. At
present the lighting power density is expected to
be between .7 and .9 W/ft2. This W/ft2 is below
that mandated by California Code of Regulations
(CCR), Title 24 - Energy Conservation Regulations. The following lighting levels will be provided in accordance with the above:
Work Plane Lighting Levels
Generator(s) at
Via Palou Substation
~10' × 18'
Proposed location for standby generator and fuel cell
tory areas will be by a conduit and wire system
and surface metal raceways.
8
Emergency Power
A standby generator will be installed to provide
emergency power to egress lighting, exit signs,
fire alarm, and standby power for telecommunications, central exhaust and supply fans at 50%
load for laboratories and a percentage of “emergency” outlets in the laboratories, electrical rooms
and mechanical rooms. All smoke control fans
will be on emergency power. In the laboratories a percentage of the refrigerators, freezers,
incubators and all environmental chambers will
be connected to standby power. Standby power
will not be provided in office areas. Generator
sizing will be based on more precise criteria to be
determined during design. An Air Quality permit
must be obtained and the appropriate fees paid
for operating the emergency generator.
The generator is presently being proposed at the
following location in addition to a 250 kW fuel
cell. The economic payback and potential benefit
of a 250 kW fuel cell are currently being reviewed
with Stanford University.
76 - DRAFT
Two automatic transfer switches (ATS’s) will be
provided one for “emergency” loads and the
other for “standy-by” loads. Both ATS’s will be
programmable delay transition type with four
fully rated poles. The ATS’s will be configured for
preferred source selection.
The generator status will be monitored via the
Campus SCADA sytem.
Grounding System
A central grounding system will be provided
for the electrical service, all switchboards, and
step-down transformers. A low impedance connection to earth will be obtained using ground
rods, a concrete encased electrode and bonding
to the building steel and main water piping. All
grounded busses from switchboards, transformers, panelboards will be connected at a central
ground bus in the electrical room. The telecommunications room grounds will also use the main
building ground bus as the reference point.
Lighting
The lighting design will be further developed by
Room
Footcandles
Offices
40 – 60
Laboratories
50 - 75
(to be verified with
Stanford University)
Lobby
15 - 30
Workrooms, Study Area
30 - 50
Corridors
10 - 20
Storage/Janitor's Rooms
15 - 25
Toilets
15 - 25
Telecommunications Rooms
50 - 60
Electrical/Mechanical Rooms
20 - 30
The following
be followed:
lighting
specifications
• All fluorescent fixtures will be provided with
electronic ballasts and will generally be controlled
by local wall mounted switches.
• Exterior lighting will be high intensity discharge
and will be controlled by a Lighting Control Panel.
Fixtures will be selected to coordinate with existing
site lighting in the area.
Lighting Control
A central lighting control system shall control a
series of LCP’s throughout the building as follows:
• The LCP’s will be controlled and monitored by
the EMCS.
• Open loop photocontrols controlled through
LCPs, or remote relays throughout the building, will be provided for in all areas receiving
natural daylighting.
•Closed loop photocontrols not controlled thru
the LCP will be acceptable in private offices.
• LCP’s will be able to turn relay controlled
groups ON/OFF per scheduled time function
via astronomical time clock or EMCS input.
Fire Alarm System
will
• Light fixtures in laboratories and offices will be
fluorescent type with linear T8 or T5 lamps and
electronic ballasts.
• Dimming ballasts will be used in all areas
receiving enough natural daylight to meet the
above criteria without supplemental artificial lighting.
• Light fixtures in offices, corridors and public
toilets will be controlled by occupancy sensing
devices.
• Downlighting fixtures (compact fluorescent)
will be used in selected areas.
• Incandescent lamps will not be used except in
special applications.
• Exit signs will be LED type.
• Indirect lighting should be investigated and
used in appropriate areas.
• Indirect lighting is highly recommended in all
areas were light shelfs are used to bring daylight
further into the building core.
An addressable fire alarm system matching
the Stanford standard specifications will be
provided by Siemens or Notifier and will include the
following:
• Either:
a) Full area smoke detector coverage in order to
avoid the requirements for duct detectors. Certain
areas with difficult environments may require heat
detectors in lieu of smoke detectors. Fire/smoke
dampers will be closed and air-handling units will
be shut down using the full area coverage detectors in accordance with applicable codes and as
required by the Santa Clara County Fire Marshal.
b) Duct detectors located at all ducts passing thru
fire separations, with the exception of the atria,
to activate fire smoke dampers. The atria will utilize smoke detector coverage or another means
of detection as deemed appropriate by the projects Code Consultant. Fire/smoke dampers will be
closed and air-handling units will be shut down
using the duct smoke detectors in accordance with
applicable codes and as required by the Santa
ENERGY + ENVIRONMENT BUILDING - BASIS OF DESIGN
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
Clara County Fire Marshal.
• A main fire alarm control panel located in the
electrical room.
•Heat and smoke detectors will be located in all
elevator machine rooms, as required.
• Audio alarms will be provided to be audible
throughout the building.
• Visual alarm stations will be provided along
all egress routes, toilet areas, lobbies and other
“common use” areas.
• Pull stations will be provided along egress
routes.
• Remote annunciator at the Main entrance of
the south side of the building.
The fire alarm system will be linked with the elevators for return to a predetermined floor and
mechanical air supply system for shut down in
the event of fire alarm signal. The system will
also be linked to the sprinkler flow switches and
valve monitors. The system will transmit alarm
and trouble signals, to the campus main fire
alarm system through a telephone interface or
the Campus SCADA system. All devices will be
addressable.
• Translucent PV film for exterior atrium
glazing. This thin film provides benefits by
limiting the light transmittance to a 10-30%
range through the glazing, while harnessing
4-8% of the sun’s energy for electrical power.
For example, etched amorphous silicon PV
film incorporated into the glass.
• Alternatively, translucent PV film for interior
atrium glazing could be used instead of the
film on the exterior glazing. This thin film
provides the same benefits as the film on the
exterior, located on the interior of the atrium
space.
Based on the allotted budget for a PV system
installation, a preliminary system size estimate
ranges between 80 and 100-kW peak output.
A PV array providing a peak output of 80-kW
would require approximately 7300 gross square
feet (gsf) for the installation, while a 100-kW
system would require approximately 9000 gsf on
the surface of the building.
Etched amorphous Silicon PV film – 10% Visible light transmittance, with approx 4.5W/ft2.
The drawing below shows the application of the PV alternatives listed.
Summer
Sun
Atria Ceilings
Translucent PV
Efficiency 4%–8%
Winter
Sun
8
electrical
systems
Roof Mounted
PV System Basis of Design
High Efficiency 11%–14%
A building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system
will be installed to supplement normal power to
the Environment and Energy (E&E) building. Due
to the climate and geography of the site, a BIPV
system can perform effectively in any of several
different installation alternatives.
There are four primary installation alternatives for
the placement of the BIPV system that should be
considered, as follows:
• A south-facing roof installation using high efficiency multi-crystalline or mono-crystalline PV
modules, capable of harnessing 11-14% of
the sun’s energy for usable electrical power.
• South-face window shading devices to be
installed with PV systems on the top face.
This provides the dual benefit of shading interior spaces while harnessing energy. This
application can use either opaque or
translucent PV.
Additional images of BIPV installations are shown
below.
Translucent Window Shade
Multi-Crystalline PV Modules – Roof mounted with approx
11W/ft2.
Efficiency 4%–8%
Illustration showing utilization of different PV technologies throughout the E&E building.
DRAFT - 77
ENERGY + ENVIRONMENT BUILDING - BASIS OF DESIGN
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
The diagram below shows typical components for a PV
installation.
PHOTOVOLTAIC:
LOCATED ON ROOF, AS A
SHADING DEVICE, AS THE
ATRIA CEILINGS
POWER CONDITIONING
SYSTEM WITH DC
DISCONNECT
& PROTECTION
INVERTER SYSTEM
WITH HIGH EFFICIENCY
DC TO AC
POWER CONVERSION
INVERTER
ISOLATION
TRANSFORMER
8
FUSED DISCONNECT
@ SERVICE ENTRANCE
M
METERING FOR
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
MAIN ELECT. DISTRIBUTION
MAIN ELECT.
DISTRIBUTION
All PV power conditioning equipment and inverters should optimally be located in the fourth floor
mechanical penthouse, to limit the DC distribution. The efficiency for the power conditioning
equipment, including the inverter and isolation
transformer, is around 90-95%.
78 - DRAFT
Passive Daylighting Analysis
The architecture of the Environment and Energy
(E+E) Building is currently being refined to better
utilize passive daylighting. The passive daylighting improvements being proposed will reduce the
lighting load of the building while taking advantage of the psychological and health benefits associated with having naturally illluminated interiors
that have views to the outside.
As set forth by the SEQ2 Master Plan Design
Guidelines, the E+E Building architecture will strive
to exceed the standards as put forth in the LEED
Green Building Rating System for New Construction Version 2.2 Credit 8.1. To achieve this credit
a level of 25 footcandles (fc) must be achieved at
30 inches above finished floor (AFF) in 75% of
all areas occupied for critical visual tasks under
specific clear sky conditions. The design target
of 75% has been increased to 80% of all areas
occupied for critical tasks per the SEQ2 Master
Plan Design Guidelines.
• Reconfigured light-wells with light colored concrete to maximize the daylight entering the lowest
level of the building.
• Incorporation of photovoltaics into the atria
ceiling to mitigate solar gains and unwanted
glare. Ideally, these photovoltaics would retain a
clear view to the sky and reduce the cost of an
alternate photovoltaic installation location.
• Various transmissivities of Low-E glass that will
mitigate heat transfer and glare while maximizing
daylight throughout the building perimeter and
the building atria.
• Incorporating a glass floor at the ground
level of the atria to improve the transmission of
visible daylight into the basement.
Examples of Analysis
Potential solar gains are being assessed prior to
the incorporation of internal partitions to maximize the benefits of natural daylight throughout
the building. The following is an example of the
analysis taking place on the 2nd floor of the E+E
building. The yellow areas demonstrate areas
that can achieve 25 [fc] under the prerequisite sky
conditions with the proposed partition configuration. The blue areas represent areas that cannot
achieve the required 25 [fc].
The follow represent various studies that have
been conducted to help the design team determine which daylighting strategies are most beneficial to our achieving the buildings daylighting
design target.
Various daylighting strategies are being analyzed
in an effort to optimize the passive daylight elements adopted into the building architecture and
achieve the 80% target. At present the daylighting strategies being reviewed are as follows:
• Exterior shading devices for all south facing
windows to mitigate unwanted solar gains and
minimize glare in occupied spaces.
• Integration of photovoltaics into shading
devices over the south facing windows to mitigate
unwanted solar gains and minimize glare in occupied spaces.
• Raised and re-configured ceiling heights near
the window wall to improve the penetration of
daylight into the building.
• Optimization of light shelf depths and orientations for all south facing interiors
• Interior light shelfs that re-direct natural light
in the atria to the northern core of the building
interior.
• Vertical fins at the East and West facing windows to minimize heat gains and glare, while
increasing indirect illumination into the space.
Example of horizantal illuminances provided on second floor of E+E Building for prerequisite clear sky conditions.
ENERGY + ENVIRONMENT BUILDING - BASIS OF DESIGN
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
Shading and glass transmittances are being reviewed to
better understand the glare and the uniformity of daylight
throughout the building interiors.
The ray-traced rendering demonstrates the benefits of
adding light shelfs to the windows receiving light from the
basement level light wells.
Model shows the daylight on the south-east corner
of the building at noon on the fall equinox.
8
electrical
systems
Radiosity is used to model ceilings and light shelf orientations to identify improved daylight performance at the
South window wall. The ray-traced rendering represents a
revised ceiling and light shelf configuration that allows for a
45% improvement in daylighting over the initially proposed
South window wall.
3-D Building model used to identify daylighting improvements and to review shadowing caused by architecture.
Model shows the daylight on the south wall at 10AM on the
spring equinox.
DRAFT - 79
ENERGY + ENVIRONMENT BUILDING - BASIS OF DESIGN
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS (CUPERTINO ELECTRICAL INC.)
3. Equipment Sizing Criteria
Lighting Base Design Criteria
1. Applicable Codes, Guidelines and Standards
The latest edition of approved year of the following codes or combination codes and guidelines will
govern the Electrical Systems and associated support system design. The systems will be designed to
meet or exceed these standards.
8
a.
Branch Circuit Load Calculations:
Lighting
- Actual installed wattage
b.
Demand Factors:
Lighting - 125% of total wattage (continuous load)
c.
ADA
Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines
ANSI
American National Standards Institute, Inc
CAL/OSHACalifornia Occupational Safety Hazard Authority
CCR
Title 24 California Code of Regulations Energy Commission
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IESNA
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America
NEC
National Electrical Code with California Amendments
NECA
National Electrical Contractors Association
NEMA
National Electrical Manufacturers Association
NESC
National Electrical Safety Code
NFPA
National Fire Protection Association
SFMCalifornia State and Local Fire Marshal
UBC
Uniform Building Code with Amendments
UL
Underwriters’ Laboratories, Inc. or equivalent testing lab by City of South San Francisco
Minimum Bus Sizes
480Y/277V Panels:
Normal Lighting Emergency Lighting
208Y/120V Panels
Normal Lighting
d.
Design Lighting Levels
(Non-Residential – Area Category Method). The target lighting power density as set by Boora
Architect will be 20% below the standard.
Standard LPD
2. Load Calculation Criteria
Design Voltages
Secondary Voltage
Normal/Standby
Emergency
b.
-
-
-
-
480Y/277V, 3 phase, 4 wire
208Y/120V, 3 phase, 4 wire
480Y/277V, 3 phase, 4 wire
208Y/120V, 3 phase, 4 wire
Design Loads
Overall Connected Volt-Amperes (VA) per Square Foot.
Lighting loads per 2005 California Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Non-Residential. Area
category method.
Office: Lighting
Lab and Lab Support: Lighting
Conference/Lobby: Lighting
Circulation: Lighting
Building Support: Lighting
80 - DRAFT
- 100A
The lighting power density (LPD) is based on the State of California Energy Commission 2005
Building Energy Efficiency Standards
All other local and State codes and will be adhered to where applicable and available.
a.
- 100A
- 100A
-
-
-
-
-
1.2 watts/sq. ft.
1.3 watts/sq. ft.
1.4 watts/sq. ft.
0.6 watts/sq. ft.
0.6 watts/sq. ft.
Offices less that 250 Sq. Ft,
Laboratories
Lobbies
Workrooms, Study Areas
Corridors
Storage/Janitor Rooms
Toilets
Telecommunication Rooms
Electrical/Mechanical Rooms
Offices Larger Than 250 Sq. Ft.
20% Reduction
1.2 w/sq. ft.
1.3 w/sq. ft.
1.5 w/sq. ft.
1.4 w/sq. ft.
0.6 w/sq. ft.
0.6 w/sq. ft.
0.6 w/sq. ft.
1.0 w/sq. ft.
0.7 w/sq. ft.
1.2 w/sq. ft.
0.96 w/sq. ft.
1.04 w/sq. ft.
1.20 w/sq. ft.
1.12 w/sq. ft.
0.48 w/sq. ft.
0.48 w/sq. ft.
0.48 w/sq. ft.
0.80 w/sq. ft.
0.56 w/sq. ft.
0.96 w/sq. ft. *
* 20% of lighting load to be added for task lighting.
Typical footcandle levels. (Each room calculated to stand alone).
ENERGY + ENVIRONMENT BUILDING - BASIS OF DESIGN
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
Offices
137 Sq. Ft.
F32T8 Lamps
250 Sq. Ft.
400 Sq. Ft.
600 Sq. Ft.
F28T5 Lamps
F54T5 HO Lamps
F32T8 Lamps
F28T5 Lamps
F54T5 HO Lamps
F32T8 Lamps
F28T5 Lamps
F54T5 HO Lamps
F32T8 Lamps
F28T5 Lamps
F54T5 HO Lamps
Labs
1000 Sq. Ft.
3000 Sq. Ft.
5000 Sq. Ft.
F32T8 Lamps
F28T5 Lamps
F54T5 HO Lamps
F32T8 Lamps
F28T5 Lamps
F54T5 HO Lamps
F32T8 Lamps
F28T5 Lamps
F54T5 HO Lamps
Standard LPD
(1.2 W/Sq. Ft.)
20%
Reduction
31 FC
30 FC
D.N.C. *
32.6 FC
31.5 FC
32.6 FC
40 FC
34 FC
34 FC
44 FC
39 FC
37 FC
21 FC
20 FC
D.N.C. *
26 FC
19 FC
22 FC
30 FC
29 FC
25 FC
37 FC
32 FC
31 FC
Standard LPD
(1.3 W/Sq. Ft.) 20%
Reduction
52 FC
45 FC
43 FC
59 FC
53 FC
49 FC
62 FC
55 FC
53 FC
42 FC
36 FC
35 FC
48 FC
42 FC
40 FC
50 FC
44 FC
41 FC
* Does Not Comply
Lobby
Standard LPD
(1.5 W/Sq. Ft.
20%
Reduction
62.8 FC
55.4 FC
52.3 FC
42 FC
37 FC
34 FC
1300 Sq. Ft.
F32T8 Lamps
F28T5 Lamps
F54T5 HO Lamps
Conference Rooms
Standard LPD
(1.4 W/Sq. Ft.)
43.8 FC
42.4 FC
36.5 FC
64.3 FC
58.0 FC
54.7 FC
256 Sq. Ft.
2000 Sq. Ft.
F32T8 Lamps
F28T5 Lamps
F54T5 HO Lamps
F32T8 Lamps
F28T5 Lamps
F54T5 HO Lamps
20%
Reduction
32 FC
25 FC
22 FC
52 FC
46 FC
43 FC
Footcandle levels in rooms are based on the 20% reduction in the LPD. Footcandle levels in rooms
shall be verified by Stanford University.
Footcandle levels as shown in the Stanford University Facilities Design Guidelines Section 16500, Part 1.02,
systems description “A” illumination level needs to be revised to meet the adjusted lighting power density.
Room Reflectance
The following are minimum room reflectance levels:
Ceiling Reflectance = 80
Wall Reflectance
= 50
Floor Reflectance
= 20
Note: Room furnishings should be as light as possible. Dark
equipment (desks, tables, walls) equipment suspended from
the ceiling or tall equipment will reduce the footcandle level in a room.
4.
Lighting Systems
a. System Description
A complete lighting system for all indoor and site illumination will be provided. The indoor lighting system
will consist primarily of energy-efficient fluorescent fixtures. Incandescent lighting will be used only as
requested by the Owner or where aesthetics is of prime importance.
In general, indoor lighting controls will consist of line voltage switches and occupancy sensors. Emergency/night lighting will be provided by unswitched branch circuits. These unswitched branch circuits will
be fed from emergency lighting panel.
8
electrical
systems
Any seismic support wires for support of lighting fixtures will be furnished and installed by others. The
electrical subcontractor will be responsible for tie off of seismic support wires at fixtures.
All task lighting will be provided by others.
b.
Equipment and Materials
(1) Lamps and Ballasts
In general, fluorescent lamps will be T8, 4100 degrees Kelvin color temperature, with a color rendering
index (CRI) of 75 or greater.
Fluorescent ballasts will be high frequency electronic type with less than 10% total harmonic distortion.
High intensity discharge ballasts will be high power factor, constant wattage type.
(2) Lighting Control
All lighting will be controlled to meet or exceed the requirements of California Title 24. Lighting control
system with daylight harvesting utilizing dimmable electronic ballasts at the perimeter windows and atriums (where appropriate) lighting control system (LC & D) with Bacnet interface capabilities.
DRAFT - 81
ENERGY + ENVIRONMENT BUILDING - BASIS OF DESIGN
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
82 - DRAFT