Hacettepe University
H.U. ELE 454 Lecture Notes
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department
ELE 454
Power Electronics
Lecture Notes
Chapter I
Instructor: Dr. IIşık
şık Ç
adırcı
Çadırcı
H.U. ELE 454 Lecture Notes
OUTLINE
I.
INTRODUCTION
II.
POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
III. LOSS CALCULATIONS AND COOLING
OF POWER SEMICONDUCTORS
IV. RECTIFIER CIRCUITS (AC-DC Converters)
V.
CONVERTER OPERATION IN FOUR-QUADRANTS
VI. AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLERS
VII. CHOPPERS (DC-DC Converters)
VIII. INVERTERS (DC-AC Converters)
IX. PROTECTION OF POWER CONVERTERS
H.U. ELE 454 Lecture Notes
I. INTRODUCTION
Power Electronics is a branch of electrical / electronics
engineering that is concerned with the conversion and
control of electrical power for various applications.
Block diagram of a power electronic system
H.U. ELE 454 Lecture Notes
I. INTRODUCTION
¾ Utility systems usually generate, transmit, and distribute
power at a fixed frequency (50 or 60 Hz), and a fixed
voltage is maintained at the consumer terminals.
¾ A consumer, however, may need power at DC or AC,
at the same, higher or lower or variable frequency.
Frequently, the power is to be controlled with precision.
precision
¾A power electronics system interfaces between the utility
system and consumer load to satisfy this need.
Power electronics may be defined as the applications of
solid-state electronics for the control and conversion of
electrical power.
H.U. ELE 454 Lecture Notes
I. INTRODUCTION
POWER ELECTRONICS is concerned with static power
conversion, or interconversion of electrical energy
¾ The core of a power electronics apparatus consists of a
converter built on a matrix of power semiconductor
switching devices, and electronic control circuitry:
Utility
Grid
POWER ELECTRONICS
APPARATUS
LOAD
Constant
V,f
* Converter
* Controller
Needs DC or AC
power usually at
variable V, and f
H.U. ELE 454 Lecture Notes
I. INTRODUCTION
The goals of Power Electronics:
To process, and control the flow of electrical power
by supplying voltages and currents in a form that is
optimally suited for user loads,
To convert electrical energy from one form to
another with highest efficiency, high availability, and
high reliability, with the lowest cost, smallest size,
and weight.
H.U. ELE 454 Lecture Notes
I. INTRODUCTION
The power converters can be classified as:
™ RECTIFIERS (AC to DC Converters)
™ CHOPPERS (DC to DC Converters)
™ INVERTERS (DC to AC Converters)
™ AC POWER CONTROLLERS (AC to AC Converters)
AC Voltage Controllers, and Direct
Frequency Changers
I. INTRODUCTION
H.U. ELE 454 Lecture Notes
Power electronics systems applications
+
AC to AC: AC Power Controllers,
Direct Frequency Changers
I. INTRODUCTION
H.U. ELE 454 Lecture Notes
Power electronics – an interdisciplinary technology
The study of power electronics encompasses many
fields within electrical engineering
H.U. ELE 454 Lecture Notes
I. INTRODUCTION
™ Combining the knowledge of these diverse fields makes
the study of power electronics challenging as well as
interesting.
™ There are many potential advances in all these fields,
that will improve the prospects for applying power
electronics to new applications.
™ It is difficult to draw the bondaries for the application
of power electronics; especially with the present trends in
the development of power devices and microcontrollers.
H.U. ELE 454 Lecture Notes
I. INTRODUCTION
Power Electronics is a branch of electrical / electronics
engineering engineering, that is concerned with the
conversion and control of electrical power for various
applications such as:
9 heating and lighting control
9 electrochemical processes
9 switch-mode power supplies
9 dc and ac electrical machine drives,
9 active power line filtering,
9 static VAr compensation systems,
9 AC power controllers
9 electrical welding
I. INTRODUCTION
H.U. ELE 454 Lecture Notes
Power electronics systems applications
9 Solid-state circuit breakers
9 Induction heating
9 Photovoltaic systems
9 Transportation (electric car, trains)
9 Variable-speed, constant-frequency generating systems,
9 Power generation and transmission (HVDC)
and many more...
I. INTRODUCTION
H.U. ELE 454 Lecture Notes
Power electronics systems applications
I. INTRODUCTION
H.U. ELE 454 Lecture Notes
Application of power semiconductor devices
H.U. ELE 454 Lecture Notes
I. INTRODUCTION
¾ At present, POWER ELECTRONICS seems to have
been polarized in two directions:
¾ Low-power, high frequency electronics
- need for switch mode power supplies
- circuit miniaturization
¾ Moderate to high power electronics
- covers motor drives, UPS, lighting, heating
control, power quality etc.
- Cost, efficiency, size, and other performance
improvements are the main criteria
H.U. ELE 454 Lecture Notes
I. INTRODUCTION
I. INTRODUCTION
H.U. ELE 454 Lecture Notes
Power electronics systems applications
H.U. ELE 454 Lecture Notes
I. INTRODUCTION
Motor drives
Power electronics
systems applications
H.U. ELE 454 Lecture Notes
I. INTRODUCTION
H.U. ELE 454 Lecture Notes
I. INTRODUCTION
A 200 W SMPS:
A dc-dc converter:
H.U. ELE 454 Lecture Notes
I. INTRODUCTION
H.U. ELE 454 Lecture Notes
I. INTRODUCTION
Bilsat 1
Power
Supply
H.U. ELE 454 Lecture Notes
I. INTRODUCTION
H.U. ELE 454 Lecture Notes
I. INTRODUCTION
Commercial electric motor drives