“The Multi-Stakeholder Approach –
Chance, Change, or Commotion?”
Martin Kreutner
Dean & Executive Secretary IACA
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Corruption Feuerwehr Sprungtuch.wmv
Corruption Feuerwehr Sprungtuch.wmv
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• Bribes paid globally:
US$ 1000 billion / year
(The World Bank 2004)
• Cross-border flow of global proceeds from criminal
activities, corruption, and tax evasion:
US$1 to 1.6 trillion / year
(The World Bank 2008)
• Private-sector corruption in developing countries:
US$ 500 billion / year
(more than three times all foreign development assistance given in 2012)
(CSIS, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2014)
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M.KREUTNER,
KREUTNER, 2015
©©M.
2012
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• African countries:
25% of GDPs
(The World Bank 2008)
• Asian countries:
17% of GDPs
(The Asian Development Bank)
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M.KREUTNER,
KREUTNER, 2015
©©M.
2010
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• 6 out of 10 state that corruption has
increased in the recent three years.
• Every 4th reports to have paid bribes in
the last 12 months.
• 29% of all interviewees inform to have
paid bribes to law enforcement officials.
• 76% regard political parties
as corrupt.
• 54% of all interviewees think their
government is largely or entirly run by
groups acting in their own interests
rather than for the benefit of the citizens.
Source: TI‘s Global Corruption Barometer 2013
(107 countries, 114,000 interviewees, Sept. 2012 – March 2013)
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• Corruption, in average, adds 10% cost to any contract.
• Corruption, in average, adds 25% to the cost
of public contracts.
• 77 out of 144 economies surveyed by the WEF:
Corruption is one of the top three challenges
to conduct business.
(Source: CSIS, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2014)
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M.KREUTNER,
KREUTNER, 2015
©©M.
2012
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Preventing and combating
corruption is an obligation
“of all States and they must
cooperate with one another,
with the support and
involvement of individuals and
groups outside the public
sector, such as civil society,
non-governmental
organizations and communitybased organizations”.
(Preambula of the UNCAC)
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UNCAC – Ratifications and Signatories
178
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Source: UNODC 1 December 2015
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© M. KREUTNER, 2011
© M. KREUTNER, 2015
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© M. KREUTNER, 2011
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17 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
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Adopted 25 September 2015, UNNY
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Corruption PLUS .....
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© M. KREUTNER, 2012
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Nine-year-old boy dies because of unpaid bribe in hospital
† Sept. 2014
A nine-year-old boy, Rausha Kumar, died at a
government hospital in the northern India state of
Bihar after being fitted with an empty oxygen
cylinder allegedly because his family wasn't able to
pay a Rs100 ($1.64) bribe. The incident was reported
by India TV. It took place at Patna Medical College
and Hospital late Wednesday night and was reported
to police Friday, 19 September 2014.
Doctors prescribed oxygen and he was fitted with an
oxygen cylinder. The next day, his parents asked the
hospital staff to replace the almost-empty cylinder.
"However, the pharmacist in-charge, Subhash Prasad,
allegedly demanded Rs100 ($1.64) from his parents
to have the cylinder replaced," the report said. After
the parents said they were poor and couldn't pay the
bribe, Prasad allegedly connected the boy to the
empty cylinder. "Sometime later, [our son] died of
suffocation,” the boy’s father Surendra Sao said. Sao
later filed a complaint with police against the hospital
staff. -
Source (230914): http://www.fcpablog.com/blog/2014/9/22/nine-year-old-boy-dies-because-of-unpaid-bribe-in-india-hosp.html#sthash.uG1pMsNh.dpuf
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17 Dec 2010, Tunesia:
26 year old Tarek al-Tayeb Mohammed Bouazizi …
(†) 04 Jan 2011
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AC and Human Rights
United Nations General Assembly
A/HRC/29/L.19,
29 June 2015
Human Rights Council, 29th session
Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural
rights, including the right to development
29/… The negative impact of corruption on the enjoyment of human rights
[…]
Stresses that preventive measures are one of the most effective means of countering
corruption and of avoiding its negative impact on the enjoyment of human rights,
calls for the strengthening of prevention measures at all levels, and underlines that one key
aspect of preventive measures is to address the needs of groups in vulnerable situations
who may be the first victims of corruption;
Recognizes that the negative impact of corruption on human rights and sustainable
development can be combated through anti-corruption education, and notes with
appreciation the capacity-building activities and specialized curricula developed by relevant
institutions, such as the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the International
Anti-Corruption Academy.
[…]
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5th session CoSP to the UNCAC; Panama 2013
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"Corruption is the antithesis vis-à-vis human rights,
the venom vis-à-vis the rule of law,
the poison for prosperity and development,
the reverse of equity and equality.
Investing in anti-corruption education and
empowerment is therefore the smart way towards
sustainable development, human rights, and the
rule of law.“
13th Session of the United Nations Crime Congress,
High-Level Segment, Doha April 2015
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„First World“
Source: www.cartoonstock.com
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(Separation of)
The Powers ......
 The Legislative
 The Executive
 The Judiciary
 The Media (free and independent)
 Social Media (upon broad access to)
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…. checks & balances ….
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Quelle: http://www.americanprogressaction.org/cartoons/2007/09/092007_executive.html [010411]
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Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?
(Who watches the watchmen?)
„The sad arc of greed has finally hit the bottom.
The leaders [of ...] haven proven to be mirrors of a general trend
in the media world: they serve their stakeholders first,
Wall Street second, and somewhat far down the list comes
service to newspaper readers.“
Laurie Garrett, Pulitzer-Prize winner
„News is a way of making money [...]. No one believes that news
and journalism are simply a service to democracy.“
John Wilson, former controller of editorial policy at the BBC
Quoted in: Nick Davis, Flat Earth News, Vintage Books London (2008)
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AC (bad news) industry ….
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© M. KREUTNER, 2012
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English class ….
„One day our country
will be corruption free.“
What tense is it?
Future
impossible
tense ….
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Responsibilities ....
“Civil society can and should contribute to
the fight against corruption.
But governments continue to have
the bulk of responsibility,
as they are entrusted
with citizens’ power.”
[OECD, Fighting Corruption – What Role for Civil Society? 2003]
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© M. KREUTNER, 2012
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4 Pillar approach
۩ ۩ ۩ ۩
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An International Centre of Excellence for a
New and Holistic Approach to Fighting Corruption
Empowering professionals
Danke
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© Mag. Martin KREUTNER, 2003, bia1@bmi.gv.at
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THE GLOBAL CONSTITUENCY
Parties & Signatoreis (as of 31 December 2015)
In total:
66 ratifications/accessions
53 Signatories
GRECO: Observer Status (October 2011)
UN ECOSOC: Observer Status (July 2011)
UN General Assembly:
Observer Status
(Res 68/122 of 16 Dec 2013)
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INTRODUCTORY REMARKS
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¡Muchas gracias!
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Photo courtesy of Anticorruption and Integrity Program,
GIZ (former: GTZ)
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¡Muchas gracias!
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“Be ye ever so high,
the law is above you.”
Thomas Fuller
(regularly quoted by Lord Justice Denning)
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© M. KREUTNER, 2013
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Quelle: http://www.ldsliberty.org/the-28-principles-of-liberty-principle-17/ [010411]
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„I‘m thinking of getting back into crime, Luigi, legitimate business is too corrupt.“
Status: Jänner 2009
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The UN process ….
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© M. KREUTNER, 2012
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The UN process ….
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The UN process ….
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© M. KREUTNER, 2012
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The UN process ….
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Grand Unified AC Theory
???
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Corruptive behaviour:
= untrustful behaviour?
= unethical behaviour?
= (social) deviant behaviour?
= criminal behaviour?
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© M. KREUTNER, 2010
© M. KREUTNER, 2015
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ECOWAS Community Court of Justice (2010):
Nigerian NGO Socio-Economic Rights and Accountability Project
(SERAP) vs. Nigerian Government:
Nigerians‘ right to education had been breached
under the
African Charter on Human Rights and Peoples‘ Rights
by massive grand corruption
in the public education budget.
Grand corruption  violation of HR
recovery of $ 21,5 million
(Economic Community of West African States Community Court)
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© M. KREUTNER, 2011
© M. KREUTNER, 2015
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„The fight against corruption is a clear
business case for global companies.
To be part of a company that stands for
ethical and value-based behaviour, to do the
right thing, to do good,
ultimately is a great motivating factor and
incentive for our employees,
and it helps society on all levels.”
Andreas C. Hoffmann, General Counsel, Siemens AG (2014)
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© M. KREUTNER, 2015
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