P.Rajeshkumar et al, / (IJCSIT) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 5 (3) , 2014, 3529-3533
Wireless Arraigning Of Mobile Phones Using
Microwaves
P.Rajeshkumar#1, G. Murugaboopathi*2
1
PG Student, Department of Information Technology
Veltech Multitech Dr.Rangarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering College
2
Associate Professor, Department of Information Technology
Veltech Multitech Dr.Rangarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering College
Abstract: Battery life of cellular telephone is dependably been
an issue for producers. Individuals are grumbling about their
versa tile’s battery life, that they don't have long battery life
and they need to charge their telephone a few times.
Conveyable electronic gadgets are exceptionally well known
these days. As the use of these movable electronic gadgets is
expanding, the requests for more battery life are additionally
expanding. These batteries need to be energized or supplanted
intermittently. It is a bother to charge or change the battery
before long, particularly at the point when there is no force
outlet around. This remote battery charger is relied upon to
kill all the bothers with today's battery innovation. The
preference of this gadget is that it can remotely energize the
batteries which can spare time and cash in a long run for the
overall population. Model gadget that changes over
microwave signs to DC power. Once the model has been
demonstrated to be meeting expectations, it is conceivable to
actualize this model into different provisions, for example, in
TV remote control, blaze caution, clock, what's more places
that are far to arrive at to change battery.
satellites. Microwaves are additionally utilized in
microwave broilers what's more in radar technology. With
cell telephones turning into an essential some piece of life,
the reviving of cellular telephone batteries has dependably
been an issue. The cellular telephones shift in their
discussion time and battery standby as per their maker and
batteries. All these telephones regardless of their maker and
batteries have to be put to energize after the battery has
emptied out. The principle destination of this current
proposal is to make the reviving of the cellular telephones
free of their producer and battery make. In this paper
another proposal has been made in order to make the
reviving of the cellular telephones is carried out naturally
as you talk in your cell telephone! This is carried out by
utilization of microwaves. The microwave sign is
transmitted from the transmitter alongside the message sign
utilizing unique sort of receiving wires called opened wave
guide reception apparatus at a recurrence is 2.45 GHz.
Keywords: Electromagnetic Spectrum, Telecommunication,
Microwave Generator, Retina, Sensor Circuitry.
II. WORKING
The fundamental expansion to the cellular telephone is
going to be the rectenna. A rectenna is a redressing
receiving wire, an uncommon sort of reception apparatus
that is utilized to straightforwardly change over microwave
vitality into DC power. Its components are generally
masterminded remote charging Of Mobile Phones Using
Microwaves providing for it a different appearance from
generally receiving wires.
I. INTRODUCTION
Microwaves are radio waves with wavelengths running
from as long as one meter to as short as one millimeter. The
prefix micro- in microwave is not implied to recommend a
wavelength in the micrometer range. It shows that
microwaves are "little" contrasted with waves utilized
within ordinary radio television, in that they have shorter
wavelengths. Microwave engineering is broadly utilized for
point-to-point telecommunications. Microwaves are
particularly suitable for this utilization since they are all the
more effectively centered into tight bars than radio waves,
permitting recurrence reuse; their nearly higher frequencies
permit wide transmission capacity furthermore high
information transmission rates, and receiving wire sizes are
more modest than at more level frequencies on the grounds
that reception apparatus size is contrarily relative to
transmitted recurrence.
Microwaves are utilized within rocket correspondence, and
a great part of the world's information, TV, what's more
phone correspondences are transmitted long separations by
microwaves between ground stations and correspondences
www.ijcsit.com
As basic rectenna might be built from a Schottky diode set
between reception apparatus dipoles. The diode corrects the
current impelled in the reception apparatus by the
microwaves. Rectenna are profoundly productive at
changing over microwave vitality to power. In research
center situations, efficiencies over 90% have been seen
with normality. Some experimentation has been finished
with converse rectenna, changing over power into
microwave vitality, however efficiencies are much lower- just in the zone of 1%. With the appearance of
nanotechnology and MEMS the extent of these gadgets
might be cut down to sub-atomic level. A rectenna
embodies a cross section of dipoles and diodes for
engrossing microwave vitality from a transmitter and
changing over it into electric force. Its components are
3529
P.Rajeshkumar et al, / (IJCSIT) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 5 (3) , 2014, 3529-3533
generally orchestrated in a lattice example, providing for it
a unique appearance from generally reception apparatuses.
half to 80%. Magnetron is a gadget which generates
microwave radiation of radar requisition and microwaves.
Magnetron works as energized toward oneself microwave
oscillator. Crossed electron and attractive fields are utilized
to process magnetron to prepare the high power yield
needed in radar supplies.
These multi depression gadgets are utilized within
transmitters as beat or cw oscillators to transform
microwave radiation. Disadvantage of magnetron (a) is that
it works just on altered recurrence .The magnetron is an
independent-microwave oscillator that works uniquely in
contrast to the direct-shaft tubes, for example, the TWT and
the klystron. Crossed-Electron and Magnetic fields are
utilized as a part of the magnetron to generate the highpower yield needed in radar and interchanges gear.
Fig.1 Transmitter Section
A basic rectenna might be developed from a Schottky diode
put between radio wire dipoles. The diode corrects the
current incited in the receiving wire by the microwaves.
Rectenna are very effective at changing over microwave
vitality to power. It has been conjectured that comparable
gadgets, scaled down to the extents utilized as a part of
nanotechnology, could be utilized to change over light into
power at much more excellent efficiencies than what is
right now conceivable with sun oriented cells. This sort of
gadget is called an optical rectenna. Hypothetically, high
efficiencies might be kept up as the gadget contracts, yet
investigations subsidized by the United States National
Renewable vitality Laboratory have so far just acquired
about 1% proficiency while utilizing infrared light. An
alternate vital a piece of our beneficiary hardware is a
straightforward sensor. The sensor hardware is a
straightforward circuit, which distinguishes if the cell
telephone accepts any message indicator. This is needed, as
the telephone must be charged as long as the client is
talking. Along these lines a straightforward F to V
converter might serve our motivation. In India the working
recurrence of the cell telephone administrators is by and
large 900 MHz or 1800 MHz for the GSM framework for
versatile correspondence. Recentness will be utilized to
produce vast-scale power from microwave bars conveyed
from circling SPS satellites.
III. FRAMEWORK DESIGN
The framework outlining of remote charging of cell
telephone utilizing microwaves basically comprise of four
parts as transmitter outline, beneficiary outline, the Process
of Rectification, sensor Circuitry.
A. Transmitter Design
Magnetron is a high power microwave oscillator and it is
utilized as a part of microwave broiler and radar
transmitter.it is itself an extraordinary sort of vacuum tube
that has perpetual magnet in its developments.
This magnet is setup to influence the way of go of electrons
that are in travel from cathode to the plate. Magnetron is fit
to convey more power than reflex klystron or Gunn diode.
It is a high power oscillator and has high productivity of
www.ijcsit.com
The magnetron is classed as a diode on the grounds that it
has no matrix. An attractive field placed in the space
between the plate (anode) and the cathode serves as a
framework. The plate of a magnetron does not have the
same physical appearance as the plate of a customary
electron tube. Since tried and true inductive-capacitive
(LC) systems get illogical at microwave frequencies, the
plate is created into a round and hollow copper square
holding full cavities that serve as tuned circuits.
The magnetron base varies significantly from the ordinary
tube base. The magnetron base is short long and has
extensive width heads that are precisely fixed into the tube
and protected. The cathode and fiber are at the focal point
of the tube and are upheld by the fiber heads. The fiber
leads are vast and unbending enough to keep the cathode
and fiber structure settled in position. The yield lead is
normally a test or circles stretching out into one of the
tuned holes and coupled into a waveguide or coaxial line.
The plate structure is a robust piece of copper.
The barrel shaped openings around its perimeter are full
pits. A slender opening runs from every cavity into the
focal segment of the tube isolating the internal structure
into the same number of sections as there are pits.
Interchange fragments are strapped together to put the
depressions in parallel concerning the yield. The cavities
control the yield recurrence. The straps are roundabout,
metal groups that are put over the highest point of the
square at the doorway spaces to the pits.
Since the cathode must work at high power, it must be
reasonably huge and should likewise have the capacity to
withstand high working temperatures. It should additionally
have great emanation qualities, especially under return
siege by the electrons. This is on account of the greater part
of the yield force is given by the huge number of electrons
that are emitted when high-speed electrons come back to
strike the cathode. The cathode is in a roundabout way
warmed and is built of a high-discharge material. The open
space between the plate and the cathode is known as the
Interaction Space. In this space the electric and attractive
fields associate to push energy upon the electrons.
3530
P.Rajeshkumar et al, / (IJCSIT) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 5 (3) , 2014, 3529-3533
B. Collector Design
The fundamental expansion to the cellular telephone is
going to be the rectenna. A rectenna is an uncommon
redressing receiving wire, kind of reception apparatus that
is utilized to specifically change over microwave vitality
into DC power. Its components are normally masterminded
in a cross section example, providing for it an unique
appearance from generally receiving wires. A
straightforward rectenna might be developed from a
Schottky diode set between receiving wire dipoles. The
diode redresses the current incited in the reception
apparatus by the microwaves. Rectennas are exceptionally
productive at changing over microwave vitality to power.
In research facility situations, efficiencies over 90% have
been seen with normality. Some experimentation has been
finished with backwards Rectenna, changing over power
into microwave vitality, however efficiencies are much
lower- -just in the zone of 1%.
With the approach of nanotechnology and MEMS the
extent of these gadgets might be cut down to sub-atomic
level. It has been speculated that comparative gadgets,
scaled down to the extents utilized within nanotechnology,
could be utilized to change over light into power at much
more amazing efficiencies than what is presently
conceivable with sunlight based cells. This sort of gadget is
called an optical rectenna. Hypothetically, high efficiencies
could be kept up as the gadget shrivels, however tests
financed by the United States National Renewable vitality
Laboratory have so far just acquired approximately 1%
productivity while utilizing infrared light.
Fig 2 Receiver Section
An alternate critical a piece of our beneficiary hardware is a
basic sensor. This is basically used to distinguish when the
cellular telephone client is talking. As our principle target is
to accuse the cellular telephone of the transmitted
microwave in the wake of redressing it by the rectenna, the
sensor assumes an imperative part. The entire setup looks
something like this.
www.ijcsit.com
C. Rectenna
Rectenna is additionally a filtering and following cluster in
the Star Wars universe. A rectenna is an amending
receiving wire, an exceptional kind of reception apparatus
that is utilized to change over microwave vitality into
immediate current power. They are utilized within remote
force transmission frameworks that transmit control by
radio waves.
A straightforward rectenna component comprises of a
dipole reception apparatus with a diode joined over the
dipole components. The diode redresses the AC current
incited in the radio wire by the microwaves, to transform
DC power, which controls a heap connected across the
diode. Schottky diodes are normally utilized on the grounds
that they have the most minimal voltage drop and most
noteworthy rate and along these lines have the least power
losses because of conduction and exchanging. Vast
rectennas comprise of a show of a lot of people such dipole
components. The rectenna was concocted in 1964 and
licensed in 1969[1] by US electrical architect William C.
Tan, who exhibited it with a model helicopter fueled by
microwaves transmitted from the beginning, by a joined
rectenna.[2] Since the 1970s, one of the significant
inspirations for rectenna research has been to develop a
accepting radio wire for proposed sunlight based force
satellites, which might gather vitality from daylight in
space with sun powered cells and shaft it sensible as
microwaves to immense rectenna arrays.[3] A proposed
military requisition is to power ramble surveillance air ship
with microwaves channeled starting from the earliest stage,
them to stay overtop for long periods. As of late investment
has turned to utilizing rectennas as force hotspots for little
remote microelectronic gadgets. The biggest current
utilization of rectennas is in RFID labels, nearness cards
and contactless keen cards, which hold an incorporated
circuit (IC) which is controlled by a little rectenna
component. At the point when the gadget is brought close
to an electronic onlooker unit, radio waves from the
spectator are accepted by the rectenna, controlling up the
IC, which transmits its information once more to the
onlooker.
D. The Process of Rectification
A rectenna is a redressing reception apparatus, a receiving
wire used to change over microwaves into DC power.
Being that a reception apparatus alludes to any kind of
gadget that changes over electromagnetic waves into power
or the other way around, a rectenna is basically a
microwave receiving wire, rather than the pervasive radio
and TV radio wires. You've presumably seen the statement
rectenna appear in dialogs of sunlight based force satellites,
or other force era plans including microwave power
transmission or radiating.
Rectennas are great at what they do: efficiencies over 90%
are truly normal. Backwards rectennas, which change over
power into microwave shafts, are just in the early phases of
advancement, with efficiencies of just about 1%. This
3531
P.Rajeshkumar et al, / (IJCSIT) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 5 (3) , 2014, 3529-3533
represents an issue for sun
recommendations.
based force satellite
It amends gained microwaves into DC current .A rectenna
embodies a lattice of dipoles and diodes for engrossing
microwave vitality from a transmitter and changing over it
into electric force. Its components are normally organized
in a cross section example, providing for it a different
appearance from generally reception apparatuses.
A basic rectenna might be developed from a Schottky diode
put between receiving wire dipoles as indicated in Fig.. The
diode corrects the current instigated in the radio wire by the
microwaves. Rectenna are exceptionally effective at
changing over microwave vitality to power. In research
center situations, efficiencies over 90% have been seen
with normality. In future rectennas will be utilized to create
substantial-scale power from microwave bars conveyed
from circling SPS satellites.
E. Schottky Barrier Diode
A Schottky hindrance diode is not the same as a typical P/N
silicon diode. The normal diode is framed by joining a P
sort semiconductor with a N sort semiconductor, this is
associating between a semiconductor and an alternate
semiconductor; however a Schottky obstruction diode is
shaped by uniting a metal with a semiconductor. At the
point when the metal contacts the semiconductor, there will
be a layer of potential obstruction (Schottky hindrance)
shaped on the contact surface of them, which demonstrates
a normal for correction. The material of the semiconductor
typically is a semiconductor of n-sort (periodically p-sort),
and the material of metal by and large is browsed diverse
metals, for example, molybdenum, chromium, platinum
and tungsten. Sputtering method interfaces the metal and
the semiconductor. A Schottky obstruction diode is a lion's
share transporter gadget, while a typical diode is a minority
bearer gadget. At the point when a typical PN diode is
turned from electric associating with circuit breakage, the
excess minority transporter on the contact surface ought to
be uprooted to bring about time delay. Different Schottky
boundary diodes: Small indicator RF gadgets (left),
medium and high power Schottky amending diodes (center
and right).
At the point when current courses through a diode there is a
little voltage drop over the diode terminals. A typical
silicon diode has a voltage drop between 0.6–1.7 volts,
while a Schottky diode voltage drop is between roughly
0.15–0.45 volts. This easier voltage drop can give higher
exchanging speed and better framework productivity.
The Schottky hindrance diode itself has no minority bearer,
it can rapidly turn from electric joining with circuit
breakage, its speed is much quicker than a typical P/N
diode, so its invert recuperation time Trr is short and
shorter than 10 ns. Also the forward voltage predisposition
of the Schottky boundary diode is under 0.6v or somewhere
in the vicinity, easier than that (about 1.1v) of the basic PN
diode. Along these lines, The Schottky obstruction diode is
www.ijcsit.com
a nearly perfect diode, for example, for a 1 ampere
constrained current PN interface. The following is the
examination of force utilization between a typical diode
and a Schottky obstruction di
P=0.6*1=0.6W
P=1.1*1=1.1W It creates the impression that the models of effectiveness
contrast broadly. Furthermore, the PIV of the Schottky
obstruction diode is for the most part far more diminutive
than that of the PN diode; on the premise of the same unit,
the PIV of the Schottky boundary diode is likely 50v while
the PIV of the PN diode may be as high as 150v. An
alternate focal point of the Schottky boundary diode is a
low commotion record that is extremely critical for a
correspondence beneficiary; its working degree might reach
20 GHz.
F. Sensor Circuitry
A sensor is craved to sense the exercises, for example,
messaging ,callings, sms and mms being done in a PDA
inside a specified reach It is a simple to utilize convenient
cell phone frequently likewise called as sniffers or pocket
size portable transmission identifier.
A wireless sensor can sense the vicinity of an enacted cell
inside the reach of around one and a half meters. The phone
sensor circuit has been intended to flawlessness with the
goal that it may have the capacity to track the appearance
of cell telephone and all its exercises including video,
transmissions, approaching calls and in addition friendly
calls. The gadget is fit to capacity legitimately regardless of
the fact that the PDA is under observation is on quiet mode.
When the sensor faculties the RF transmission sign from a
telephone found some place in its region, it begins raising a
beep alert which proceeds work the indicator transmission
is not stopped. Sensor hardware is a straightforward circuit
which catches if the cellular telephone accepts any message
sign. This is needed as the telephone must be charged as
long as the client is talking. Subsequently, a basic F to V
converters might serve our motivation. The working
recurrence of cellular telephone specialists is 900 MHZ or
1800 MHZ for the GSM framework for portable
correspondence. In this manner, the utilization of basic F to
V converters might go about as switches to trigger the
rectenna circuit to on.
The sensor hardware is a straightforward circuit, which
discovers if the cell telephone accepts any message sign.
This is needed, as the telephone must be charged as long as
the client is talking. Therefore a straightforward F to V
converter might serve our motivation. In India the working
recurrence of the cellular telephone specialists is by and
large 900mhz or 1800mhz for the GSM framework for
portable correspondence. Along these lines the utilization
of basic F to V converters might go about as switches to
trigger the rectenna circuit to on.
A straightforward yet influential F to V converter is
Lm2907. Utilizing Lm2907 would significantly serve our
3532
P.Rajeshkumar et al, / (IJCSIT) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 5 (3) , 2014, 3529-3533
motivation. It goes about as a switch for setting off the
rectenna hardware. The general piece outline for the
Lm2907 is given underneath. Along these lines on the
gathering of the sign the sensor hardware steers the
rectenna circuit to ON and the cellular telephone starts to
charge utilizing the microwave power. A sensor is
conceived to sense the exercises, for example, messaging,
calling, SMS and MMS, being done in a wireless inside a
specified reach.
It is a simple to utilize convenient cell phone, now and
again likewise called as sniffer or pocket-size versatile
transmission indicator.
Various telephone sensor fabricating organizations have
grown in the business, each one offering some or the other
remarkable characteristics in their items. You can pick the
one according to your prerequisites. A wireless sensor can
sense the vicinity of an actuated mobile phone inside the
reach of around one and a half meters. The wireless sensor
circuit has been intended to flawlessness with the goal that
it may have the capacity to track the appearance of a
cellular telephone and all its exercises, including SMS,
feature transmissions, approaching calls and also friendly
calls. The gadget is peaceful competent to capacity
appropriately regardless of the fact that the phone under
observation is on noiseless mode. When the sensor faculties
the RF transmission indicators from a telephone spotted
some place in its region, it begins raising a beep alert which
proceeds work the sign transmission is not stopped.
IV. IMPEDIMENTS
The Mobile Handset ought to furthermore have a gadget,
Rectenna which might make it massive and henceforth
gadget size up to sub-atomic level is key. The fundamental
impediments of remote charging are its lower productivity
and expanded resistive warming in correlation to
administer contact. Usage utilizing more level frequencies
or more seasoned drive Technologies charges all the more
gradually and create warm inside most versatile hardware.
Because of the more level effectiveness, gadgets can take
more time to charge when supplied force is equivalent.
V. INDUCTIVE CHARGING
Despite the fact that a few Handsets available presently
give remote charging, the engineering is not precisely same
as specified here. For charging, telephones are obliged to
keep close to the Charging Plate. It utilizes inductively
coupled Power Transfer System. A transmitter curl is
situated at the bottom (L1) and the recipient loop (L2) is
arranged at the top and these loops are implanted into
diverse electrical gadgets. L1 might be the Nokia Wireless
Charging Plate and L2 might be the Nokia Lumia 920, for
instance. In nearing days, Microwave may settle different
issues in the current framework.
www.ijcsit.com
VI. CONCLUSION
Accordingly this paper effectively exhibits a novel
technique for utilizing the force of the microwave to charge
the cell telephones without the utilization of wired
chargers. In this manner this system gives extraordinary
point of interest to the cell telephone clients to convey their
telephones anyplace regardless of the fact that the spot is
without offices for charging. A novel utilization of the
rectenna and a sensor in a cell telephone could give another
measurement in the disclosure of cellular telephone. In this
present day era where we favor the most productive devices
to serve our reasons, not even a marginally veered off
gadget is satisfactory. The exceedingly fulfilled wireless
sensor made by the precisely topnotch makers in the
business befit yppour needs the most ideal way and turn out
to be very powerful apparatuses to battle security rupture.
Contingent upon the characteristics they offer, these are
accessible in diverse value ranges; you can purchase the
particular case that suits you the best.
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
REFERENCES
Theoretical and experimental development of 10 and 35 GHz
rectennas “IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and
Techniques”, vol. 40, no. 6, June 1992
Pozar, David M.” Microwave Engineering Addison–Wesley
Publishing Company. “,2010.
Wireless Power Transmission “A Next Generation Power
Transmission System, Internation- al Journal of Computer
Applications” Volume 1 – No. 13,2010.
Lander, Cyril W “Rectifying Circuits”. Power electronics (3rd ed.
ed.”),2011.
Espejel, J.D., “RF to DC power generation”, University of Maryland,
December 2003.
Hagerty,J.A.,“Nonlinear Circuits and Antennas for Microwave
Energy Conversion”2009,
Lin, G.H., “Topological generation of Voltage Multiplier Circuits”,
September 2003.
Pylarinos, L. and Roger, E. “Charge Pumps: An Overview”, 2010.
Sedra, A.S. and Smith K.G, “Microelectronic Circuits”, 5th Edition,
2004.
Stremler, F.G., “Introduction to Communication Systems”, 3rd
Edition, 1990.
http://www.seminarsonly.com- Electronics Topics Retrieved
http://conversations.nokia.com- Nokia’s Explanation for Inductive
Charging
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki-Introduction to Microwave.
Wireless power transfer for mobile phone charging
device.Olvitz.C,Vinko.D,Svedek.T.MIPRO,2012 proceddings of
35th.intersation convention.
A.Kurs,A.Karalis,R.Moffat,J.D.Joannopoulos
,P.Fisher
and
M.Soljacie “wireless power transfer via srongly coupled magnetic
reasonances,”SCIENCE vol.317,july 2001.
B.Leanaerts and R.Puers “Inductive powering of freely moving
system” sensors and acutators vol.A123 124.pp.522-530,2006.
Liou,chong-yi;chi,Jungkuo,Ming lung la,Shau-gang mao Microwave
symposium digest (MTT),2012 –IEEE MTT-S-international.
A.P.Sample,D.A.Meyer and L.R.Smith “Analysis experimental
results and range adaption of magnetically coupled reasonators for
wireless
power
transfer,”IEEE
Trans.ind.electron.,vol.58,no.2,pp.544-554 feb 2011.
I.Garnica,I.Casunova and I.Lin “high off mid range wireless power
system in 2011 IEEE MTT-S-information microwave workshop
series on innovative wireless power transmission technologies
system and applications. (IMWS), Kyoto,may 2011 pp.73-76
3533