By: Corey Bergsrud
Ph.D Student in Engineering (Electrical)
University of North Dakota (UND)
Email: corey.bergsrud@my.und.edu
Solar Powered Satellite
Sun
Sun Light
Energy
Microwave
Energy Beam
Next Slides will break down
and elaborate.
Rectenna
Power Lines
(Electrical Grid)
MCREEG
Earth
City
Rectenna = Antenna Array + Rectifier
Note: in our case the antennas are
rectangles not spirals.
Base structure of MCREEG
is a Truncated Square
Pyramid
Note: MCREEG = Multicombinational Renewable
Energy Efficient Generator
*Substrate engineered around was Rodgers4003c
1)  r  3.55  0.05
2) H s  1.524 mm
3) f o  2.45 GHz
1) Relative permittivity of substrate (Electric
Constant Specific to material).
2) Height of the substrate
3) Resonant Frequency that the ‘patch’
antennas dimensions are designed around
Quarter wave Patch Antenna
Inset fed Patch Antenna
Patch Antennas
Quarter Wave
Transformer
50 Ohm resistant
microstrip line
Insets
1) Orange is Metal (Conducting)
2) Green is Substrate
3) Resonant Frequency ~ 2.45 GHz
Mill Machine
Sheering
Milling
Laser Machine
Acid bath
Removed Copper
Ground Plane
Top view
Bottom view
After acid bath and removal of paint
Quarter wave rectenna
Inset feed rectenna
Spectrum Analyzer
Antenna
Coax Cable
*This tells us the resonant frequency, band width, and S11 parameter of the antenna
Signal Generator
Multimeter
Rectifier
*This tells us the power conversion efficiency from AC to DC through the rectifier.
Antenna
Alternating Current
2.45 GHz
(Signal)
Signal Generator
Horn Antenna
Signal Analyzer
Rectifier
Direct Current
*This tells us the amount of AC power being sent out from the horn antenna
and the amount of rectified DC power through the rectenna.
0.00
-5.00
Inset Feed
Quarter Wave
S11 (dB)
-10.00
-15.00
Type
-20.00
BW
(MHz)
S11 (dB)
Inset Fed
140
-20
2.55
Quarter
Wave
90
-24
2.42
-25.00
2.29
2.34
2.39
2.44
2.49
2.54
fo
(GHz)
2.59
Frequency (GHz)
2.64
2.69
2.74
2.79
Insertion_loss =
-3.1200
Percent_insertion_loss =
0.4875
Power_in =
1.0000e-003
Vmeasured =
0.7386
Imeasured =
4.9500e-004
Rthev =
1.4921e+003
Vout_max_power =
0.3693
Power_out =
9.1402e-005
eff_of_system =
9.1402
Conversion_eff =
17.8355
21% power conversion efficiency from AC to DC at
Color
Distance
(inches)
3
6
12
18
24
30
36
DC Power
(µW)
11.25
5.86
1.50
1.19
0.43
0.31
0.27
Color
Distance
(inches)
3
6
12
18
24
30
36
DC Power
(µW)
2.50
1.06
0.67
0.27
0.15
0.15
0.12
Truncated Square Pyramid
Solid View
Cross Section View
Wire Frame View
Rectenna
Wind
Energy
Storage
Hydro
GeoThermal
Global Electrical Grid System
At University of North Dakota we can:
1. Engineer
2. Manufacture
3. Test
SBSP relevant projects
(To a certain degree depending on resources)
Beamed Microwave Power Transmission System*
DC TO MICROWAVE
CONVERSION
BEAM FORMING
ANTENNA
FREE SPACE
TRANSMISSION
RECEPTION
CONVERSION TO
DC
*William C. Brown, and Eugene E. Eves, 'Beamed Microwave Power Transmission
and Its Application to Space', IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques,
40 (1992), 1239-50.
• Optimized microwave rectenna design(s)
• Antennas
• Rectifiers
• Energy density, heat and material(s)
• Electrical grid interface with rectenna
• SPS partnership(s)
• in order to size the rectenna
• Other
• Business plan for rectenna/other entities
• Other ideas associated with GEGS
• Electric transportation infrastructure
• Other
University of North Dakota (U.ND)
Internally at U.ND
1.
2.
3.
4.
Government
Electrical Engineering
Technology
Space Studies
Center of Innovation
Other Universities
1. Ohio University
 Dr. Don Flournoy
2. Georgia Tech
 Dr. Gregory Durgin
1. Navel Research Laboratory
 Mr. Paul Jaffe
2. NASA Glenn
 Dr. Geoffrey Landis
 Other
Private Sector
1.
Mr. Darel Preble
2.
Other
ANY
COMMENTS
OR
QUESTIONS
“What we do for today, helps define the future for tomorrow”