RG is a major British designer, manufacturer and contract
service operator of slim-hole digital logging systems
ROB ERTSON
GEOLOGGING
1
The Company
From its beginnings in North
Wales, UK in 1979, Robertson
Geologging pioneered the
development of slim-hole
digital borehole logging
systems and techniques.
Now, as probably the largest global
supplier of slim-hole borehole logging
equipment in the world, RG supplies
well-logging instrumentation and contract
logging services for nuclear and civil
engineering, geotechnical, water-well
management, environmental, mining and
oil & gas surveys to every continent.
Its subsidiary company, Robertson
Geologging (USA) Inc., directly supports
the North and South American markets while
an extensive network of factory-trained local
agents and representatives provides support
elsewhere. Robertson Geologging is majority
owned by the OYO Corporation of Japan and
enjoys the technical and organisational
benefits of membership of this major
international ground engineering group.
sales@geologging.com www.geologging.com
Note:
Robertson Geologging operates a
policy of continuous product improvement.
Specifications may be changed without
notice and should be checked at the time
of order placement
Micrologger2
Winlogger Software
Equipment supply
Based on modern dsp technology,
the Micrologger2 is probably the most
powerful portable logging system on the
market. Lightweight and smaller in size than
the average notebook, the Micrologger2
supports all RG probes including the
latest acoustic and imaging types.
RG Winlogger is the operating software for
the Micrologger2 surface system. The product
of years of development, RG Winlogger
provides data acquisition, processing and
reporting for the standard RG probe range.
RG Winlogger is simple to operate, retaining
a standard Windows™ look using familiar tool
bars and drop-down menus for all frequently
needed functions. The package incorporates
powerful features including a built in Ccompiler to allow the more advanced user to
construct custom ‘user functions’ to process
multichannel data in real time during logging.
RG can supply all your logging requirements
from a cable-head to a complete logging
truck. Our standard equipment range is one
of the the largest and most technically
advanced in the industry. Since we develop
and manufacture all major equipment
ourselves, we are also well equipped to
undertake custom design projects.
RG support begins even before the
equipment leaves the factory door.
As a purchaser of a new system, you
may undertake a training course at our
headquarters in picturesque North Wales.
Our courses are run on a regular basis and
cover theory and equipment maintenance.
This also provides an opportunity to gain
practical logging experience on the test
borehole at our premises.
After delivery to your operating site, our
engineers are available to commission your
equipment. They will ensure that the system
works entirely to your satisfaction and provide
an opportunity for further training.
During and after the warranty period,
our support continues. In the unlikely event of
equipment failure, we offer an email support
service staffed by experienced engineers.
If equipment does need to be returned for
repair, we can often provide a substitute to
keep you working from our rental or
contract-logging equipment pool.
Equipment Rental
Certain RG equipment is available on short
or long-term rentals or on a lease/purchase
basis but normally only to previous
purchasers of RG logging equipment.
This ensures that our loyal customers always
have access to the latest logging technology
at highly competitive prices.
SURFACE EQUIPMENT
AND SOFTWARE
What we do
3
RG Winlogger is supplied with a multi-user
licence allowing free distribution of the
software to any user of RG log data.
This policy has proved popular with wireline
service companies who may provide
Winlogger to clients to allow them to replay
or reprocess data in-house without resorting
to 3rd-party packages.
Contract logging operations
Robertson Geologging has extensive
experience of borehole logging operations
in many parts of the world and can usually
mobilise at short notice for single-hole or
long-term contracts. RG field crews are
experienced in data-processing,
interpretation and equipment maintenance
and are capable of prolonged service logging
operations with minimum outside support.
These contracting services can be very costeffective in situations where a project does
not warrant the purchase of equipment and
the necessary back-up facilities.
> Features
Logging
Supports RG and many third-party probes
USB high-speed link to PC
Compatible with most winches/cables
Remote control of SMART winch
Real-time data display and printing
Supports WindowsTM printers
Data output in LAS and RG formats
Modular construction for easy field maintenance
> Sales information
I000184
RG USB Micrologger 2
I000204
110/220VAC power supply
for ML2 and winch (up to 500m)
I000197
Canvas bag for Micrologger2
sales@geologging.com www.geologging.com
> Features
Support for RG digital probes
Remote control of ‘SMART’ winch range
8, 16 and 32-bit data support
Screen/printer log display in calibrated
engineering units
Selectable depth sample interval
(1, 2, 5, 10cms etc)
Metric and imperial logs in API format
Custom logos and headers
Data export in ASCII (LAS) format
> Sales Information
I000466
Winlogger software
RG
RG produces a range of winch designs suitable
for most slim-hole logging requirements.
Each winch is precision engineered for reliable
operation under harsh field conditions. RG
winches support standard sizes of logging and
video cables and are compatible with the
Micrologger2 surface system and standard RG
slim-hole probes at depths up to 2,000m.
Mini winch
The RG Mini winch is portable, compact and
robust. Its basic ‘no-frills’ design is aimed at
long-term reliability under arduous conditions.
Mini winch
> Specification
Capacity
175m (575’) 3/16” 4-core cable
Speed
0 – 17.5m/min (0 – 57ft/min)
on full drum (12VDC operation)
Motor
550W (12 – 24VDC)
Size
340(w) x 400(l) x 320mm(h)
Weight
19kg excluding cable
500m winch
A robust ‘no-frills’ unit, the 500m winch can
be operated from a vehicle battery and is
ideal for heavier probes in shallow boreholes.
SMART winch
> Specification
I001117
Mini Winch Tripod with Encoder
5
600m winch
3000m winch
> Specifications
> Specifications
I001043
SMART winch for 4.76mm
(3/16") four-core cable
630m (2066’) 3/16” 4-core cable
0 – 15m/min (0 – 49ft/min)
540W at 110/220VAC
622(w) x 696(l) x 370mm(h)
80kg excluding cable
600m winch including tripod,
power and data cable
Capacity 3000m (9840’) 3/16” cable
Speed
core: 0.2 – 34m/min rim: 0.5 – 100m/min
Pull
core: 1,350kgF rim: 460kgF
Motor
440VAC 3-Phase 4kVA
Dimensions 1000(w) x 1100(l) x 900mm(h)
Weight
415kg excluding cable
> Sales Information
I013866
3000m winch for 3/16” four-core system
includes tripod, power and data cable
1000/2000m winch
500m winch
> Specifications
> Specification
Capacity
Speed
Motor
Size
Weight
3000m winch
A heavy-duty electric draw-works designed
for deeper hole and oil/gas investigations.
Please note the 2000m depth limitation
for standard RG slimhole tools.
1000/2000m winch
The standard unit for truck-mounted
operations in deep boreholes, the 2000m
winch includes an integral depth wheel
and an automatic level wind.
> Sales Information
I001018
Mini Winch includes
power and data cables
600m winch
Of similar basic construction to the
500m winch, the 600m winch is
mains/generator powered.
Capacity
Speed
Motor
Size
Weight
180m (590’) 3/16” 4-core cable
0.5 – 15m/min (1.6 – 49ft/min)
120W at 12VDC
265(w) x 465(l) x 380mm(h)
24kg excluding cable
> Sales Information
> Sales Information
I013754
600m, 1000/2000 & 3000m Winch
SMART winch
The SMART winch is battery operated and
can be controlled remotely from the logging
PC. Features include an integral measure
wheel and depth display, automatic level wind
and an electric brake.
Capacity
Speed
Motor
Size
Weight
WINCHES & CABLES
WINCHES & CABLES
Mini Winch, SMART Winch & 500m Winch
Capacity
530m (1738’) 3/16” 4-core cable
0 – 13m/min (0 – 43ft/min)
180W at 12VDC
582(w) x 482(l) x 414mm(h)
52kg excluding cable
Speed
Motor
Size
Weight
2030m (6658’) 3/16” 4-core cable
1030m (3378’) 1/4” coaxial cable
0 – 30m/min (0 – 99ft/min)
2hp (1.5kW) at 110/220VAC
605(w) x 1060(l) x 735mm(h)
142kg excluding cable
> Sales Information
> Sales Information
I001019
Mini winch
Smart winch
500m winch including tripod,
power and data cable
500m winch
I001021
2000m winch for 3/16” 4-core cable
includes tripod, power and data cable
I001034
1000m winch for 1/4” coaxial cable
includes tripod, power and data cable
600m winch
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RG
1000/2000m winch
3000m winch
The HRAT provides a continuous
high-resolution oriented ultrasound
image of the borehole wall.
The probe uses a fixed acoustic transducer
and a rotating acoustic mirror to scan the
borehole walls with a focussed ultrasound
beam. The amplitude and travel time of the
reflected acoustic signal are recorded as
separate image logs.
Diameter:
Length:
Transducer type:
Rotation rate:
Sample rate:
Features such as fractures reduce the
reflected amplitude and appear as dark
sinusoidal traces on the log. The travel-time
log is equivalent to a high-precision 360-arm
caliper and shows diameter changes within
open fractures and ‘break-outs’. Directional
information is also recorded and used to
orient the images in real time.
> Sales Information
> Specifications
42mm
1.62m
(2.06m with
natural-gamma option)
1.5MHz piezo-composite
5 – 20rev/s
up to 360/rev
> Applications
Fracture identification and orientation
Stratigraphic studies
Local stress studies (break-out)
Core orientation
Cased-hole studies
IMAGING PROBES
IMAGING PROBES
RG Hi-OPTV High-resolution Optical Televiewer
& RG-DIP Image-processing Software
High Resolution Acoustic Televiewer
I002184
HRAT probe (4-core version)
I002192
HRAT including natural-gamma
Hi-OPTV high resolution optical televiewer
DIP Image-processing software
The Hi-OPTV provides a continuous very high
resolution oriented image of the borehole walls
using a conventional light source. A unique
optical system based on a fisheye lens allows the
probe to survey 360 degrees simultaneously.
This information is processed in real time to
produce a complete ‘unwrapped’ image of the
borehole oriented to magnetic north. The probe
offers superior resolution to the HRAT acoustic
probe and produces images in real colour.
While, unlike the HRAT, it can operate in
air-filled boreholes, it is unsuitable for
boreholes containing mud or cloudy fluids.
RG-DIP is a sophisticated Windows™-based
package for processing, interpreting and
displaying acoustic and optical televiewer
image logs and 4-arm dipmeter logs. Standard
log presentations include tadpole and stick
plots, stereographic projections of poles to
planes and azimuth frequency diagrams.
The synthetic core display allows convenient
comparison of log and field data for orientation
of fractured or incomplete core sections.
Hi-OPTV high-resolution
optical televiewer
> Specifications
Length:
Diameter:
Circular resolution:
Sensor type:
Colour resolution:
1.63m
42mm (housing) & 52mm
(bottom section)
user definable 360/540/720
/900/1080/1260/1440 pixels
1280 x 1024 pixels
CMOS image sensor
24 bit RGB
7
> Sales Information
Probe:
I002180
I013916
Hi-OPTV probe
Hi-OPTV probe with gamma
DIP Image-processing software
> Sales Information
I000460
RG-DIP Image processing software
Below: Acquisition of HRAT data with Micrologger2 Above middle: HRAT acoustic televiewer probe
Above right: travel time Far right: amplitude Below right: HRAT data used to orient core
Left: OPTV log image log Middle left: OPTV log image data Middle right: OPTV core image Right: break-out plot from HRAT data
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RG
PROBES
PROBES
Sidewall Density and Sidewall Density/Guard Probe
The sidewall density gamma probe uses dual
shielded detectors to provide a boreholecompensated density measurement with good
bed-boundary resolution. The sidewall-density/
guard probe offers an additional LL3 focussed
electrical measurement with good vertical
resolution and depth of investigation.
Density/Gamma Probe (Trisonde) with Inclination
Principle of Measurement:
137
The probes contain a detachable Cs gamma
source and two scintillation gamma detectors.
The active windows of the source and detectors
are maintained in contact with the borehole
wall by a motorised caliper arm. Gamma
radiation back-scattered by the formation
(Compton effect) reaches the detectors where
the relative count rates provide a measure of
formation density.
The trisonde offers a convenient alternative
to the standard RG sidewall density probe
whenever borehole diameter is restricted
and qualitative density measurements are
acceptable. One common application is in
logging through drill pipe when unstable
borehole conditions prevent use of
unprotected nuclear probes. The probe
is unfocussed and indicates the average
density of material surrounding the borehole.
Principle of Measurement:
The probe contains a detachable gamma
source and two high-sensitivity scintillation
gamma detectors. Gamma radiation from the
source is backscattered by the formation
(Compton effect) and reaches the two
detectors where the count-rates provide an
indication of formation bulk density.
9
RG
probe specification
> Features
Compensated density output in engineering units (g/cc)
Short-spacing detector for high vertical resolution
Tungsten shielding reduces borehole effects
Standard calibration blocks for field or base use
> Measurements
Bulk density
High-resolution density (HRD)
Natural gamma
Caliper
Options: Guard resistivity, Bed-resolution
density (BRD), Temperature
> Applications
Minerals
Density and porosity
Lithology
Bed thickness and boundary location
Coal ash and moisture content
Engineering
Rock strength and elasticity parameters (with sonic log)
Detection of weathered or fractured zones
Water
Location of aquifer and aquitard
Detection of cavities and missing cement
> Operating Conditions
Borehole type:
open-hole, water-filled
> Specifications
Diameter:
Weight:
Temperature:
Max. pressure:
Density range :
Caliper range:
Resistivity range:
50mm
20kg
0-70⁰C (extended ranges available)
20MPa
1.1 to 2.95g/cc
50mm to 300mm
1 – 2,000 ohm-m
> Sales Information
Probes:
I002013
I002016
I014720
Sidewall density probe
- includes BRD and temperature
Sidewall density guard probe with BRD
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> Features
Long-spacing detector (LSD) for deep penetration
High-resolution detector (HRD) for accurate
bed-boundary detection
Optional borehole-inclination measurement
> Measurements
Long-spacing density (cps)
High-resolution density (cps)
Natural gamma
Borehole inclination (option)
> Applications
Minerals
Bulk-density variations
Lithology
Correlation with other logs
Bed thickness and boundary location
Borehole inclination and true vertical depth
Engineering
Detection of weathered or fractured zones
Ground compaction studies
Water
Location of aquifer and aquitard
> Operating Conditions
Borehole type:
all (qualitative measurement only)
> Specifications
Diameter:
Weight:
Temperature:
Max. pressure:
Inclination range:
38mm
7.6kg
0-70⁰C (extended ranges available)
20MPa
0 to 30°
> Sales Information
Probe:
I002010
I002012
Density-gamma probe
- with inclination
PROBES
PROBES
Small-source Density Probe
Stringent legislation on the transport and
handling of radioactive materials increasingly
prevents use of conventional density logging
probes. The small-source density probe provides
calibrated and borehole-compensated density
logs at sensible logging speeds using a very low
activity 60Co gamma source that may not require
a radiation licence in certain territories.
Natural-Gamma Probe
Principle of Measurement:
The probe contains a detachable collimated
gamma source and two high-sensitivity
scintillation gamma detectors. The detectors
are protected against direct radiation from the
source or via the borehole by extensive heavymetal shielding. The active windows of source
and detector are maintained in contact with the
borehole walls by a motorised caliper arm.
The detected backscattered gamma radiation
depends on the formation density. The probe
includes a third gamma detector mounted
remotely from the source for ‘stripping’
natural background radiation.
The ultra-slim and triple gamma probes
measure the activities of naturally occurring
or man-made isotopes.
Principle of Measurement:
The probes are based on scintillation
gamma detectors. The detectors measure
the natural-gamma radiation released from
potassium and the decay products of
uranium and thorium in the borehole.
11
RG
probe specification
> Features
Compensated density output directly
in engineering units (g/cc)
Tungsten shielding reduces borehole influence
on measurement
Separate short-spacing detector for accurate
bed-boundary location
> Measurements
Bulk density
High-resolution density (HRD)
Caliper
Natural gamma
> Operating Conditions
Borehole type:
open-hole, water-filled
Qualitative measurements are
possible in air-filled boreholes.
Minerals
Lithology
Density and porosity
Correlation with other logs
Bed thickness and boundary location
Ash and moisture content in coal
Engineering
Rock strength and elasticity parameters (with sonic log)
Detection of weathered or fractured zones
Water
Location of aquifer and aquitard
Location of cement cavities behind casing
> Specifications
Small diameter for slim-hole operations
Multiple detectors with different sensitivities
> Measurements
> Specifications
Diameter:
Weight:
Temperature:
Max. pressure:
Density range:
Caliper range:
Natural gamma
51mm
19kg
0-70⁰C (extended ranges available)
20MPa
1.1- 2.9g /cc
50 – 250mm
> Sales Information
> Applications
> Features
Probe:
I002017 Small-source density probe
Applications
Mineral detection
Strata correlation between wells
> Operating Conditions
Borehole type:
open/cased, water/air-filled
Triple gamma probe
Diameter:
38mm
Length:
1.70m
Weight:
6kg
Natural-gamma detectors:
25mm x 25mm NaI(Tl)
50mm x 25mm
100mm x 25mm
Temperature:
0-70⁰C (extended ranges available)
Max. pressure:
20MPa
Ultra slim gamma probe
Diameter:
20mm
Length:
0.46m
Weight:
4kg
Natural-gamma detectors:
125mm x 17.5mm Cs(Tl)
Temperature:
0-70⁰C (extended ranges available)
Max. pressure:
10MPa
> Sales Information
Probes:
I002009
I002008
sales@geologging.com www.geologging.com
Triple gamma probe
Ultra-slim gamma probe
PROBES
PROBES
Neutron Probe
The dual-neutron probe provides a calibrated
borehole-compensated neutron porosity
measurement in mud-filled open holes. It is
the probe of choice for quantitative formation-fluid
studies. A single-detector neutron probe
is also available for qualitative porosity logging
under most borehole conditions including
through steel or plastic casing and drill-pipe.
Gamma Spectroscopy Probe
Principle of Measurement:
The dual-neutron measurement uses two
³He proportional detectors and a detachable,
sealed 241Am-Be neutron source. Fast neutrons
emitted by the source are scattered and slowed
to thermal levels principally by hydrogen in the
formation. The ratio of the neutron flux reaching
the near and far detectors depends on the
hydrogen index and porosity. Use of dual
detectors and a ratio method provides a
porosity measurement which is independent
of hole diameter.
The natural-gamma spectroscopy probe
analyses the energy spectrum of gamma
radiation from naturally occurring or manmade radioactive isotopes. The probe can
operate in fixed-window mode using
preset energy windows to determine the
concentrations of the natural emitters,
potassium, uranium and thorium. It can also
operate in static mode as a full 1024 channel
spectrometer for in-situ isotope studies.
Principle of Measurement:
Gamma photons produced by radioactive
decay of unstable isotopes create light
emissions in the gamma scintillation detector.
The amplitude of the pulses depends on the
photon energy. An analyser within the probe
separates the pulses into separate channels
according to their amplitudes. Count-rates
from groups of channels are converted in
real-time by the surface software to
concentrations of the originating elements
using preset algorithms.
RG
probe specification
> Features
Real-time porosity measurement
Compensation for borehole diameter
> Measurements
Compensated porosity (Dual-neutron tool only)
Neutron (raw counts)
Count ratio (NRAT)
Natural gamma
Option: Casing-collar locator (CCL)
> Applications
Minerals/Engineering Water
Lithology identification
Location of aquifer and aquitard
Shale content
Fracture analysis in coals
Correlation between open and cased-hole logs
Strata correlation between wells
13
> Specifications
> Features
Dual Neutron Single Neutron
Diameter:
60mm
38mm
Length of sonde: 1.94m
2.08m
Weight:
18.8kg
8kg
Temperature:
0-70⁰C (extended ranges available)
Max. pressure:
20MPa
Range: 0 to 60% apparent sandstone porosity
> Sales Information
Probes:
I002029
I002030
I002026
I015483
I002026
Dual-neutron probe with natural gamma
- includes CCL
Single-neutron probe
- includes natural gamma and CCL
Single-neutron SP/SPR probe
> Operating Conditions
Borehole type: open/cased, water-filled,
Qualitative measurements are possible
in air-filled boreholes.
Centralisation: excentralised with bowspring
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Large-volume scintillation detector for high sensitivity
Temperature compensation ensures freedom from drift.
> Measurements
Uranium (ppm)
Thorium (ppm)
Potassium %)
Gross gamma
1024 channel count-rates
> Applications
Minerals/Water/Engineering
Lithology determination
Mineral detection
Sedimentology
Improved shale-content computation
Correlation
Contamination studies
> Operating Conditions
Borehole type:
open/cased, water/air-filled
> Specifications
Diameter:
60mm
Weight:
10.5kg
Temperature:
0-50⁰C
Max. pressure:
20MPa
Detector:
Na(Tl) scintillator
Detector Size:
38mm x 150mm
Energy range:
100keV to 3MeV
Number of channels: 1024
> Sales Information
Probes:
I002001
Natural-gamma spectroscopy probe
PROBES
PROBES
Electric Logging Probe (ELOG)
The Elog is the classic water-well combination
probe combining shallow, medium and deep
penetrating resistivity measurements with
self-potential (SP).
Focussed Electric Probe (Guardlog)
Principle of Measurement:
A low-frequency bi-directional electric current
from a source electrode on the probe returns
through the formation to the cable armour above
an insulated bridle. Potentials due to this current
flow are measured on various sense electrodes
on the probe with respect to a voltage reference
‘fish’ normally located at the surface. These
measurements are converted to apparent
formation resistivities within the probe and
digitally transmitted to the surface.
The focussed resistivity (LL3) measurement
provides excellent vertical resolution and a
reasonable depth of investigation. The guard
log replaces the classic Elog in conditions
of low mud resistivity and high formation
resistivity.
Principle of Measurement:
The probe includes a central current-source
electrode between two guard electrodes,
maintained at the same potential by internal
electronics. Current from the centre electrode
is constrained to a thin disk by the presence
of the guards and returns to the cable armour
above a 10m insulated section. The potential
of the central electrode with respect to a
surface voltage-reference stake and the
measured current are combined by
a down-hole microprocessor to calculate
apparent formation resistivity.
RG
probe specification
> Features
Digital down-hole measurement avoids
errors due to cable effects
Constant-power down-hole current source give
4 decades of measurement without manual
range switching
> Measurements
16” Normal resistivity
64” Normal resistivity
Single-point resistance
Self-potential SP
Natural-gamma
Temperature
Optional 8” and 32” Normal resistivity
> Applications
15
> Operating Conditions
Borehole type:
open-hole, water-filled
> Specifications
Diameter:
Length:
Weight:
Temperature:
Max. pressure:
Resistivity range:
44mm
2.70m or 2.94m (with 8” and 32” option)
9.8kg
0-70⁰C (extended ranges available)
20MPa
1 to 2,000 ohm-m
> Sales Information
Probes:
I002072
I002111
Electric logging probe with natural
gamma and temperature
- including 8” and 32” normal resistivity
Water
Determination of water quality
Indication of permeable zones and porosity
Minerals/Engineering
Bed-boundary positions
Strata correlation between boreholes
sales@geologging.com www.geologging.com
> Features
Good depth of penetration with excellent
bed-boundary resolution
Down-hole calibration check using internal resistor
Digital down-hole measurement avoids errors
due to cable effects in deeper boreholes
Constant-power down-hole current source
give 4 decades of measurement without
range switching
> Measurements
Focussed resistivity
Natural gamma
> Applications
Water
Determination of water quality
Indication of permeable zones and porosity
Minerals/Engineering
Strata correlation between boreholes
Indication of fractures and permeable zones
Bed-boundary and thickness measurements
Moisture determination in coal
> Operating Conditions
Borehole type:
Centralisation:
open-hole, water-filled
standoff recommended
The logging cable armour
should be insulated for
10m above probe head.
> Specifications
Diameter:
38mm
Weight:
8kg
Temperature:
0-70⁰C (extended ranges available)
Max. pressure:
20MPa
Measurement range:1 to 2,000 ohm-m
> Sales Information
Probe:
I002078
Focussed electric probe
includes natural gamma
PROBES
PROBES
Dual Focussed Induction Probe/Ultra-slim Induction Probe
Microresistivity Probe
The microresistivity probe provides a
focussed pad resistivity measurement
with high vertical resolution combined
with a caliper and natural gamma.
Principle of Measurement:
The resistivity measurement is based on
the guard principle where a ring electrode
maintained at the same potential as the central
measurement electrode focusses the measure
current into a narrow beam. The electrodes are
contained within a flexible pad mounted on a
motor-driven arm and maintained in contact with
the borehole wall during logging. The same
arm also operates the caliper mechanism.
A natural-gamma measurement is included to
aid correlation with other logs.
The dual focussed induction probe provides two
simultaneous conductivity logs, corresponding to
“medium” and “deep” radii of investigation into
the formation. The two depths of penetration are
useful in porous, permeable formations where
displacement of formation fluids by drilling mud
creates an “invasion zone” with different
electrical properties. The 1” focussed induction
probe produces a single medium penetration
conductivity log. It finds particular application in
small-diameter dry or plastic-lined boreholes
used for mineral exploration.
Principle of Measurement:
An oscillating high-frequency magnetic field
from a transmitter coil within the probe induces
an alternating electrical current within the
surrounding conductive formation. This current,
in turn, induces voltages within receiver coils
proportional to the formation conductivity.
The transmitter-receiver spacings determine
the depth of investigation of the measurements.
Additional focussing coils minimise the
contribution of the borehole signal.
RG
probe specification
> Features
Small electrode spacing for high resolution
Pad design minimises borehole effects
> Measurements
Focussed microresistivity
Caliper
Natural gamma
> Applications
Minerals/Water/Engineering
High-precision bed boundary
and thickness determination
Resolution of seam partings
Invasion profile (in combination with
other resistivity methods)
17
> Operating Conditions
Borehole type:
Centralisation:
open-hole, water-filled
excentralised with caliper arm
> Specifications
Diameter:
Weight:
Temperature:
Max. pressure:
Resistivity range:
Caliper range:
58mm
23kg
0-70⁰C (extended ranges available)
20MPa
0.2 to 2000 ohm-m
58mm to 400mm
> Sales Information
Probes:
I002084 Microresistivity probe with natural gamma
> Features
Formation conductivity measurement in wet/dry
boreholes or through plastic casing
Separate deep and medium penetrating
measurements give information on invaded zone
Focussed measurements for minimum borehole signal
PSD (phase-sensitive detector) discriminates between
magnetic susceptibility and conductivity signals
> Measurements
Deep formation conductivity
Shallow formation conductivity
Medium formation conductivity
Natural gamma
> Applications
Water
Indicator of permeable zones and porosity
Formation water salinity
Long-term well monitoring
Mineral/Engineering
Ore identification and quality
Correlation
Other
Indication of hydrocarbons
sales@geologging.com www.geologging.com
> Operating Conditions
Borehole type:
open/plastic or grp cased,
air/water-filled
fin stand-off recommended
> Specifications
Diameter:
Length:
Weight:
Temperature:
Max. pressure:
Number of coils:
TX-RX spacings:
Conductivity range:
38mm/ 25mm
2.32m/ 1.95m
8kg
0-70⁰C (extended ranges available)
20MPa
Dual Induction 7, Ultra-slim 4
ILM 50cm (20”); ILD 81cm (32”)
200 to 10,000mS/m
> Sales Information
Probes:
I002087
I002091
Dual focussed induction probe
with natural gamma
Ultra-slim induction probe
with natural gamma
PROBES
PROBES
Temperature/Conductivity Probe
Magnetic-susceptibility Probe
The RG magnetic-susceptibility probe is
based on the industry-standard Bartington
Instruments™ product. It is a low-frequency
device and is specifically designed for mining
applications. The probe has excellent stability
against pressure and temperature variations.
Principle of Measurement:
An oscillating magnetic field in the probe
produces a current within a toroidal zone in
the surrounding formation. The oscillating
current produces a secondary field that is
detected by the receiver coils. The ‘in-phase’
signal is a measure of susceptibility.
This probe combination provides a continuous,
depth-based measurement of fluid temperature
and conductivity. Both parameters can be
output in absolute and in differential forms.
A natural-gamma detector is included for
correlation purposes.
Principle of Measurement:
The temperature and conductivity sensors are
located in an insulated housing at the base of
the probe. During logging, borehole fluid flows
freely through ports on the side and base of
this housing and over the sensors. The log is
recorded downwards while running into the
hole to minimise fluid disturbance.
19
RG
probe specification
> Features
Operates in dry or water-filled boreholes
Unaffected by plastic casing
Ideal for use in small-diameter exploration boreholes
Excellent thermal/pressure stability across specified
operating range
> Operating Conditions
Borehole type:
Centralisation:
open/cased (plastic),
water/air-filled
fin stand-off recommended
> Specifications
> Measurements
Magnetic susceptibility
Natural gamma
> Applications
The probe finds particular use for uranium where
the log shows a negative correlation with uraniferous
compounds. Susceptibility logs are highly sensitive
to iron and show large contrasts according to its
oxidation state. The frequent occurrence of iron
with other redox-sensitive metals can provide
a valuable indicator of the presence of other minerals
Diameter:
Weight:
Temperature:
Max. pressure:
Operating frequency:
Range:
Stable, high-quality, semiconductor
temperature sensor
Graphite conductivity electrodes resist
corrosion and are easily cleaned
> Measurements
43mm
8kg
0-70⁰C (extended ranges available)
20MPa
1.439kHz
10-5 to 1cgs
> Sales Information
Probe:
I002095
> Features
Magnetic susceptibility
with natural gamma probe
sales@geologging.com www.geologging.com
Fluid Temperature/differential temperature
Fluid conductivity/differential conductivity
Natural gamma
> Applications
Water
Fluid salinity
Location of zones of different water quality
Water-well monitoring
Identification of zones of in-flow/out-flow
Temperature gradient
Water-level determination
Location of grout behind casing
Temperature compensation of other logs
> Operating Conditions
Borehole type:
open/cased holes, water-filled
> Specifications
Diameter:
Weight:
Temperature:
Max. pressure:
Temp. range:
Conductivity range:
38mm
7.7kg
0-70⁰C (extended ranges available)
20MPa
0-70⁰C (extended ranges available)
50 to 50,000 μS / cm
> Sales Information
Probes:
I002055
Temperature/Conductivity
probe with gamma
PROBES
PROBES
Impeller Flowmeter Probe
The impeller flowmeter provides a continuous
log of vertical fluid velocity within a borehole.
Two sizes of high-sensitivity probes satisfy
most borehole-size requirements and
expected flow rates.
Heat-pulse Flowmeter Probe
Principle of Measurement:
The probes are equipped with lightweight
helical impellers mounted on double sapphire
bearings. The impellers contain magnets
which actuate Hall-effect switches within the
probe to detect impeller rotation. Separate log
channels record the time of rotation according
to fast and slow timebases for improved
resolution at high and low flow rates. Uphole
and downhole rotations are distinguished
within the sonde.
The heat-pulse flowmeter sonde is used to detect
low vertical flows within a borehole below the
threshold limits of conventional impeller tools.
The probe is designed for stationary
measurements only. Normal logging practice
involves measurements at a series of depths
across the zone of interest.
Principle of Measurement:
The probe contains a horizontal wire-grid
heating element and thermistors located above
and below it. Apertures in the tool permit the
free flow of well fluid through the assembly.
Pulses of electric current are applied to the
heating grid under surface command, warming
fluid in the vicinity of the grid. The warm fluid
front migrates towards the thermistors where it
is detected. Depending on the direction of flow,
either upper or lower thermistor detects the
warm fluid front first. The time taken to reach
the detector gives an indication of flow rate.
RG
probe specification
> Features
Jewelled bearings for minimum friction
Low-drag sensors
Choice of head diameters
Cable-speed readout
> Operating Conditions
Borehole type:
Centralisation:
open/cased, water-filled
required
Flow
Cable velocity
> Applications
Water
Flow measurement within a water well
Location of permeable zones
Casing leak detection
Diameter:
Weight:
Temperature:
Max. pressure:
Detection of very low vertical flow rates
Auto-null command cancels tool offsets
prior to each measurement
> Measurements
45mm, 70mm
7.3kg
0-70⁰C (extended ranges available)
20MPa
> Sales Information
Probe:
I002122
I002115
> Features
> Operating Conditions
Borehole type:
Centralisation:
open/cased hole, water-filled
required
> Specifications
> Specifications
> Measurements
21
Flowmeter 45mm
Flowmeter 70mm
sales@geologging.com www.geologging.com
Up/ down flow
> Applications
Water
Location of permeable zones in water wells
Casing leak detection
Diameter:
Weight:
Temperature:
Max. pressure:
Measurement range:
50mm
9.4kg
0-50⁰C
20MPa
0.1 to 3m/min
> Sales Information
Probes:
I002119
Heat-pulse flowmeter probe
PROBES
PROBES
Induced-polarisation Probe
The induced-polarisation probe measures the
charge separation or 'chargeability' in porous,
water-saturated, mineralised rocks caused by
the passage of a low-frequency alternating
current. The main cause of induced polarisation
is a current-induced electron-transfer reaction
between ions of an electrolyte in contact with
grains of semi-conducting metallic minerals.
Water-quality Probe
Principle of Measurement:
The probe passes a controlled, alternating
current through the formation between two
outer electrodes and detects the variation
with time of the resulting voltage measured
between two inner electrodes after the device
is removed. The integrated area under the
voltage-time curve is a measure of chargeability.
The water-quality probe is based on the
industry-standard Ocean Seven 302™ probe
manufactured by Idronaut Srl. The tool is
available in ‘saline’ and ‘fresh-water’ versions
with different conductivity ranges and available
measurements. The probe enables a rapid,
continuous profile to be taken of all the selected
parameters throughout the borehole either
for direct use or as a guide for
subsequent sampling.
Principle of Measurement:
The probe contains up to seven specific
sensors to acquire fluid-property measurements
from a water-well. Use of the latest robust
membrane sensor technology and low drift
electronics eliminates the need for complex field
calibrations. Correction of measurements to
standard temperature and pressure is carried
out automatically on the RG Micrologger
surface system.
RG
probe specification
> Features
Microprocessor-controlled drive voltage
Down-hole integration and ratio computation
> Operating Conditions
Borehole type:
open-hole, water-filled
> Specifications
> Measurements
Chargeability
Formation resistance
Natural gamma
> Applications
Minerals
Indication of mineralisation, particularly
of disseminated sulphides
Water
Qualititive permeability studies
23
Diameter:
Length:
45mm
1.33 + 1.45m
Weight:
Temperature:
Max. pressure:
10kg
0-70⁰C (extended ranges available)
20MPa
(splits for transport)
> Sales Information
Probe:
I002102
Induced polarisation probe
with natural gamma
> Features
Continuous log of fluid properties
Measurement in-situ reduces sample
storage requirements and contamination
> Measurements
Temperature
Pressure
Fluid conductivity
Oxygen(ppm)
pH
Redox potential, nitrate (on ‘fresh-water’ tool only)
> Applications
Water
Water-quality measurements
Location of aquifers
Groundwater flows
Contamination studies
> Operating Conditions
Borehole type
> Specifications
Temperature:
Max.pressure:
Response time constant:
0-50⁰C
10MPa
50ms
(temperature pressure,
conductivity)
Others 3s
Pressure: Range:
0 to 1500dbar
Temperature:
1-49⁰C
Conductivity Range:
0 to 6.4mS/cm (fresh-water)
0 to 64mS/cm (saline water)
Dissolved-oxygen Range:
0 to 50ppm
pH Range:
0 to 14pH
Redox measurement: Range: -1000 to 1000mV
Nitrate measurement: Range: 0 to 100mg/li
> Sales Information
Probes:
I002064
I013204
sales@geologging.com www.geologging.com
open/cased, water-filled
Water-quality probe
(fresh-water version)
Water-quality probe
(saline water version)
PROBES
PROBES
Water/Gas Sampler Probe
Water and gas sampler probes are
used to take a discrete sample of well
fluid at a particular depth and to return
it uncontaminated to the surface.
Principle of Measurement:
Water sampler:
The water sampler includes a chamber
incorporating motor-actuated valves at the top
and base. While the probe is being lowered
into the borehole, the valves are held open,
allowing well fluid to flow freely through the
chamber. At the desired depth, the motor is
activated under surface control, closing the
valves to seal the chamber and contents
ready for retrieval.
Three-arm Caliper Probe
Gas sampler:
The gas sampler is designed to retrieve
uncontaminated samples of well fluids
comprising or containing gas whilst
maintaining the original well pressure.
The probes contain a sealed sample chamber
with a moveable piston and motor-actuated
valve. Prior to logging, the piston is withdrawn
manually and locked into position, leaving a
partial vacuum within the sample chamber.
For sampling, the valve is opened under
surface control, allowing the well fluid to enter
the chamber. The valve is then closed,
enclosing the sample under ambient pressure.
At the surface, the fluid can be transferred
while still under pressure to a suitable
container for analysis.
The three-arm caliper provides a single
continuous log of borehole diameter as
recorded by three mechanically coupled arms
in contact with the borehole wall. 38mm and
60mm models are available to suit a range
of well diameters. The caliper is a useful first
log to determine the borehole conditions
before running more costly probes or those
containing radioactive sources.
Principle of Measurement:
Opening and closing of the motor-driver caliper
arms is by surface command, allowing the
probe to run into the borehole with the arms
retracted. Once opened, the spring-loaded
arms respond to borehole diameter variations
as the probe is raised up the borehole.
25
RG
probe specification
> Features
> Specifications
Simple, motor-operated actuation
Water sample chamber easily cleaned
Water/gas sample retained at borehole pressure
> Applications
Water
Sampling well fluid at depth for surface analysis
Groundwater and water well studies
> Operating Conditions
Borehole type:
> Features
Water sampler probe:
Diameter:
38mm
Volume:
1li
Length:
1.88m
Temperature:
0-70⁰C (extended ranges available)
Max. pressure:
20MPa
Water/Gas sampler probe:
Diameter:
51mm
Volume:
1li
Length:
1.55m
Temperature:
0-70⁰C (extended ranges available)
Max. pressure:
20MPa
open/cased, water-filled
> Sales Information
Probes:
I002198
I002206
Water samples 1li
Water/Gas sampler 1li
Small diameter for slim-hole operation
Extension arms available for 38mm probe
Optional natural-gamma measurement
> Measurements
Caliper
Natural Gamma (optional)
Borehole volume
> Applications
Minerals/Water/Engineering
Location of borehole collapse or obstructions
Cement volume calculations for grouting
Identification of hard and soft lithology
Location of cracks, fissures, caving,
faulting, casing breaks
Correction of other logs affected
by borehole diameter
> Operating Conditions
Borehole type:
Centralisation:
open/cased; water/air-filled
recommended in large holes
> Specifications
Temperature:
Max. pressure:
0-70⁰C (extended ranges available)
20MPa
Standard three-arm caliper probe
Diameter:
38mm
Length:
2.13m
Weight:
9.2kg
Range:
40-300mm and 40-710mm
Long-arm caliper probe
Diameter:
60mm
Length:
2.50m
Weight:
13kg
Range:
65-1000mm
> Sales Information
Probes:
I002035
I002037
I002041
sales@geologging.com www.geologging.com
Standard caliper probe with arm
extension kit and calibrator
- including natural gamma
Long arm caliper probe with calibrator
PROBES
PROBES
Borehole-geometry Probe
The borehole-geometry probe consists of a
four-arm caliper combined with a verticality
measurement. The probe can replace the
standard three-arm caliper with advantage
where the borehole cross-section departs
from circular and where directional information
is required for well-completion studies and
formation stress analysis.
Verticality Probe
Principle of Measurement:
The XY caliper provides continuous
measurements of borehole diameter from two
independent pairs of linked arms. The verticality
section includes a triaxial magnetometer
and three accelerometers. Data from these
are combined by a downhole microprocessor
to provide real-time, continuous logs of
probe orientation and borehole inclination
and direction.
The RG verticality probe provides accurate,
continuous measurements of borehole inclination
and direction. These are output directly as log
traces or may be processed further to produce
tabular and graphical outputs of borehole
position, borehole drift and true vertical depth.
Principle of Measurement:
The probe includes a triaxial magnetometer
to determine the bearing of a reference in
the probe relative to magnetic North and
three accelerometers to measure inclination.
The outputs from the transducers are
processed by a downhole microprocessor
to give final borehole inclination and azimuth
data in real time.
27
RG
probe specification
> Features
Sensitive X-Y caliper
Continuous orientation log for all
borehole inclinations
> Measurements
X and Y calipers
Borehole deviation and drift
Borehole volume
True vertical depth (TVD)
Natural gamma
> Operating Conditions
Borehole type:
Centralisation:
open/cased, water/air-filled
recommended, non-magnetic
centralisers required
> Specifications
Diameter:
Length:
Weight:
Temperature:
Max. pressure:
Caliper range:
60mm
3.5m (in two sections)
40kg
0-70⁰C (extended ranges available)
20MPa
75mm to 700mm
> Applications
Water/minerals/engineering
Borehole diameter in two axes
Borehole break-out for stress analysis
Cracks, fissures and casing defects
> Features
Small diameter for slimhole operations
Continuous borehole orientation log
Suitable for all borehole inclinations and directions
> Measurements
Borehole inclination
Borehole direction
Borehole drift
True vertical depth
Natural gamma
> Applications
> Sales Information
Probe:
I002044
Borehole geometry probe
with natural gamma
Minerals/Water/Engineering
Bed-thickness estimation
Surveying and deviation checks
True seam depth
> Operating Conditions
Borehole type: open/plastic-cased, water/air-filled
Centralisation: non-magnetic centralisers required
The operation of the probe is limited in steel casing
or in the presence of magnetic minerals which affect
the magnetometer. Under such conditions, only borehole
inclination (without directional information) can be logged.
The gyroscopic verticality probe should be used in
preference to the standard verticality probe in such cases.
> Specifications
Diameter:
Weight:
Temperature:
Max. pressure:
Inclination range:
Azimuth range:
> Sales Information
Probes:
I002141
sales@geologging.com www.geologging.com
42mm
7kg
0-70⁰C (extended ranges available)
20MPa
Horizontal +/- 90°
0 to 360°
Verticality probe with natural gamma
PROBES
PROBES
Gyroscopic Verticality/Gyroscopic 3D-magnetometer Probe
The gyroscopic verticality probe acquires
borehole inclination/azimuth logs in
situations where metal casing or magnetic
materials around the borehole prevent
use of the standard verticality probe.
The 3D-magnetometer version also
acquires 3D-magnetic data for location
of magnetic ore bodies.
Principle of Measurement:
The standard probe includes a gimbal-mounted
directional gyroscope for orientational
measurement and two accelerometers for
inclination. In the 3D magnetometer probe,
an additional triaxial fluxgate magnetometer
continuously measures X, Y and Z magnetic
components. These are used to compute
the magnitude and direction of the magnetic
field around the probe.
Four-arm Dipmeter Probe
The four-arm dipmeter measures
microresistivity and tool orientation data.
These can be processed using RG-Dip™
software to determine formation dips.
Principle of Measurement:
The probe consists of a microresistivity
section and a detachable verticality module.
Microresistivity data is acquired by four
high-resolution, button electrodes mounted
on motorised XY caliper arms and maintained
in contact with the borehole walls. A planar
formation feature that does not lie perpendicular
to the borehole axis is detected by each
electrode at a different apparent depth.
The four microresistivity measurements are
correlated and combined with the verticality
data to calculate the dip and dip direction.
RG
probe specification
> Features
Continuous log of borehole inclination/azimuth
Not influenced by metal casing or
magnetic materials
Low drift compared to ‘rate’ gyroscopes
Natural-gamma measurement
Magnitude and direction of surrounding
magnetic field
> Measurements
Borehole inclination
Borehole drift
True vertical depth
Natural gamma
Magnitude and direction of surrounding
magnetic field
> Applications
Water/minerals/engineering
Verticality measurements in steel casing
or in the presence of magnetic ores
Detection of nearby magnetic ore bodies
(3-D magnetometer probe)
29
> Operating Conditions
Borehole type:
Centralisation:
open/cased hole;
water/air-filled
required
> Features
Small diameter for slim-hole operations
Operates in all orientations
> Operating Conditions
Borehole type:
Centralisation:
> Measurements
> Specifications
Diameter:
Weight:
Temperature:
Max. pressure:
Inclination range:
Azimuth range:
Magnetometer range:
44mm
12kg
0-70⁰C (extended ranges available)
20MPa
0 to 30°
0 to 360°
+/-100 μT
> Sales Information
Probe:
I002150
I014559
Gyroscopic verticality
probe with Natural Gamma
Gyroscopic 3Dmagnetometer probe
with Natural Gamma
sales@geologging.com www.geologging.com
Formation dip and azimuth
Microresistivity
Borehole verticality and drift
True vertical depth
Borehole volume
Natural gamma
> Applications
Engineering/minerals
Stratigraphy
Sedimentology
Identification of faults and folding
Fracture identification
Correlation between wells
open, water-filled
non-magnetic centralisers required
for inclined boreholes and/or
diameters above 150m
> Specifications
Diameter:
Weight:
Temperature:
Max. pressure:
Resistivity range:
Borehole inclination:
Caliper range:
60mm
36kg
0-70⁰C (extended ranges available)
20MPa
1 to 10,000 ohm-m
any
60 to 380mm
> Sales Information
Probe:
I002171
Four-arm dipmeter probe
with natural gamma
PROBES
PROBES
Full-waveform Sonic Probe
The RG sonic probe uses a dual-transmitter
dual-receiver array to provide high quality
formation acoustic-velocity data. Options
are available for display of full-waveform
data and cement-bond data (CBL) in
cased boreholes.
Principle of Measurement:
A piezoelectric transmitter stimulated by
a high-voltage pulse radiates a high-frequency
acoustic wavelet. This is coupled via the
borehole fluid and formation to each receiver.
An accurate quartz clock measures the first
arrival transit time. The first arrival in open
hole corresponds to the p-wave path in
the formation.
45mm Full-waveform Triple Sonic Probe
Compensated sonic mode: two pairs of
transmitters and receivers are used to allow
cancellation of the borehole fluid path and
determination of formation velocity.
Full-waveform sonic mode: A single
transmitter and two receivers are used.
The probe records the full sonic waveform
at both receivers simultaneously and also
the velocity of the first arrival.
This highly compact slimhole tool is designed
specifically for geotechnical and mining
applications. The probe acquires transit-time
and full-waveform data simultaneously from a
single transmitter and three receivers.
Down-hole digitisation of waveform data
Compensation for poor centralisation or caving
Variable density log (VDL) or wavelet (wiggle) display
Cement-bond log (CBL) mode: A single
transmitter and two receivers are used. The
probe records the amplitude and arrival time of
the first casing arrival at the near receiver and
full sonic waveforms at both receivers.
> Operating Conditions
Borehole type:
Sonic:
CBL:
Centralisation:
open-hole, water-filled
cased-hole, water-filled
required
> Measurements
Formation velocity (slowness)
Shear (S) velocity (where shear wave exists)
Full waveform
Time of first arrival (delta-t)
Amplitude of first arrival (CBL)
Integrated transit time
> Applications
Water/minerals/engineering
Porosity
Rock strength and elasticity (with other logs)
Correction of seismic velocity
Fracture and permeability indication in hard rock
Location of poor or missing cement behind casing
> Specifications
Diameter:
Weight:
Temperature:
Max. pressure:
60mm
24kg
0-70⁰C (extended ranges available)
20MPa
> Sales Information
Probes:
I002128
Full-waveform sonic probe
with CBL
Full-wave sonic mode: The probe records
the full sonic wave-train at all receivers
simultaneously. This can be displayed either
as a variable-density log (VDL) or as a waveform
(wiggle trace). The waveform data may be
exported to packages such as WellCAD™
for calculation of compressional, shear and
Stoneley velocities.
> Features
Short probe can be handled by single operator
and easily transported
Slim diameter for narrow boreholes
Rigid construction for effective centralisation
Down-hole digitisation of waveform data
Detection gain and threshold under
operator control.
Detection point and wavelet display
shown in realtime.
> Measurements
Formation velocity (slowness)
Time of first arrival (delta-t)
Integrated transit time
Full-waveform data from 3 receivers
Shear and Stoneley velocities (requires additional
interpretation software)
Natural gamma
> Applications
Geotechnical/mining/water
Fracture and permeability indication in hard rock
Rock strength and elasticity
Lithology identification
Porosity
Correction of seismic velocity
sales@geologging.com www.geologging.com
The piezoelectric transmitter is stimulated by a
high-voltage pulse and radiates a high-frequency
acoustic wave through the borehole fluid and
formation to each receiver. An accurate quartz
clock measures the first arrival transit time.
Compensated sonic mode: Three receivers are
used. The probe measures the time of the first
compressional arrival at each receiver. The
difference in arrival times between each pair
of receivers allows determination of formation
velocity independent of the borehole fluid path.
probe specification
> Features
Principle of Measurement:
> Operating Conditions
Borehole type:
Sonic:
open-hole, water-filled
Centralisation: 2 essential
> Specifications
Diameter:
Weight:
Temperature:
Max. pressure:
45mm
8kg
0-70⁰C (extended ranges available)
20MPa
> Sales Information
Probe:
I013861
Full-waveform triple sonic
probe with natural gamma
31
RG