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Seite 1
ADVANCED OPTICS
AND LASER PHYSICS
Laser-Physik neu
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Seite 2
About Phywe
Founded in Göttingen, Germany in 1913 by Dr. Gotthelf Leimbach, Phywe Systeme GmbH & Co. KG quickly advanced
to one of the leading manufacturers of scientific equipment.
Over this period of more than 90 years Phywe has been putting quality and innovation into its products as a
fundamental requirement.
As a well known international supplier in the fields of science and engineering we have made a significant impact on
the market through high quality equipment.
Phywe products are made in Germany and in use throughout the world in the fields of education und research, from
primary schools right through to university level.
Up-to-date educational systems, planning and commissioning of scientific and engineering laboratories to meet
specific requirements are our daily business.
As a supplier of complete, fully developed and established systems, Phywe provides teaching and learning systems
for students as well as teacher demonstration experiments. The system ranges from simple, easy to operate
equipment intended for student use up to coverage of highly sophisticated and specialised university equipment
demands.
Phywe Systeme GmbH & Co. KG has achieved a very high standard based on research and technology and through
exchange of experiences with universities and high schools as well as with professors and teachers.
As experienced and competent manufacturer, we would gladly assist you in the
selection of the "right" experiments for your particular curricula.
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Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
The Experimental Concept
in a short overview:
The customers
The Phywe Educational System for “Advanced
Optics and Laser Physics” is intended for physics
laboratory courses at universities, colleges and
similar institutions and also for advanced
courses in highschools.
Contents
Page
Laser Physics
Helium Neon Laser (P2260700)
6
CO2-laser (P2260400)
7
Nd-YAG-laser (P2260900)
8
Advanced Optics
Diffraction of light through a double slit or by a grid (P1216800)
9
Diffraction of light
through a slit and stripes, Babinet’s theorem (P1216900)
10
Michelson interferometer (P1217100)
11
Newton’s rings (P1217200)
12
Polarisation through /4 plates (P1217400)
13
1. Geometrical optics
Kerr effect (P1217600)
14
2. Wave optics
Faraday effect (P1217700)
15
3. Holography
Determination of the index of refraction
of CO2 with Michelson’s interferometer (P1218000)
16
Michelson interferometer – High Resolution (P1306700)
17
Doppler effect with the Michelson interferometer (P1307000)
18
Magnetostriction with the Michelson interferometer (P1307100)
19
Determination of the refraction index
of air with the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (P1307500)
20
The equipment system
Fabry-Perot interferometer –
Determination of the laser light’s wavelength (P1307700)
21
To investigate these experimental topics we
offer a large didactical equipment set with:
Fabry-Perot interferometer – optical resonator modes (P1307800)
22
Fourier optics – optical filtration – 4f Arrangement (P2261200)
23
1. high-quality light sources (different types
of lasers)
LDA – Laser Doppler Anemometry (P1308000)
24
White light hologram with expansion system (P1290200)
25
2. easy and stable placeable magnetic optical
equipment
Transmission hologram with expansion system (P1290400)
26
Transfer hologram from a master hologram (P1290500)
27
Real time procedure I (bending of a plate) (P1290900)
28
Student System “Advanced Optics” and Laser Physics
29
Equipment Holders
30
Optical Components
31
Further equipment and components
32
Lasers and Accessories
33
Laser types and characteristics
34
Index
35
How to order
36
Order form
37
The specific fields
The experimental system allows many important
experiments in:
4. Interferometry
5. Fourier optics
6. Applied optics
7. Laser Physics
Furthermore three didactic Laser Systems are
available to investigate the fundamental
working principles and characteristics of lasers
The experimental literature
We support your experimentation with 3 handbooks containing 45 accurately described experiments incl. theoretical backround information,
drawings, safety and maintenance remarks.
3
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Experimental Literature
This volume which has been developed by Phywe presents an assortment of 23 experiments in “Advanced Optics and Laser Physics”.
In this brochure these experiments are shown in a short form.
The three Laser Physics manuals below-mentioned include extensive descriptions of 45 experiments. In addition, they provide safety
information concerning the use of lasers as well as information on handling and maintaining optical components.
In our Laboratory Experiments Physics manual you can find experiments related to our three didactic laser systems and a wide range
of other highly interesting experiments on other subjects.
LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS
PHYSICS
Klaus Hermbecker
Ludolf von Alvensleben
Regina Butt
Andreas Grünemaier
Robin Sandvoß
16502.12
Laboratory Experiments
Laser Physics II
Holography
Please ask for a complete equipment
list Ref. No. 22702
Please ask for a complete equipment
list Ref. No. 22703
Please ask for a complete equipment
list Ref. No. 22704
230 experiments in the field of:
1 Diffraction of light
LP 1.1
(12166)
Diffraction of light through a slit and at
an edge.
LP 1.2
(12167)
Diffraction through a slit and
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.
LP 1.3*
(12168)
Diffraction of light through a double slit
or by a grid.
LP 1.4*
(12169)
Diffraction of light through a slit and
stripes, Babinet’s theorem
LH 1
Fresnel zone plate
(12900)
1. Mechanics
LH 2
White light hologram
(12901)
LH 3*
White light hologram
with expansion system
(12902)
LH 4
Transmission hologram
(12903)
LH 5*
Transmission hologram with
expansion system
(12904)
2 Interference of light
LP 2.1
Fresnel mirror and biprism
LP 2.2*
Michelson interferometer
LP 2.3*
Newton’s rings
LH 6*
Transfer hologram from a
master hologram.
(12905)
(12171)
LH 7
Double exposure procedure
(12906)
(12172)
LH 8
Time-averaging procedure I
(with tuning fork).
(12907)
LH 9
Time-averaging procedure II
(with loudspeaker).
(12908)
LH 10*
Real time procedure I
(bending of a plate).
(12909)
LH 11
Real time procedure II
(oscillating plate).
(12910)
LI 1
(13066)
Michelson interferometer
LI 2*
(13067)
Michelson interferometer – high resolution
LI 3
(13068)
Mach - Zehnder interferometer
LI 4
(13069)
Sagnac interferometer
LI 5*
(13070)
Doppler-Effect with Michelson interferom.
LI 6*
(13071)
Magnetostriction with Michelson
interferometer
LI 7
(13072)
Thermal expansion of solids
with Michelson interferometer
LI 8
(13073)
Refraction index of CO2-gas with
Michelson interferometer
LI 9
(13074)
Refraction index of air
with Michelson interferometer
LI 10*
(13075)
Refraction index of air with
Mach-Zehnder interferometer
LI 11
(13076)
Refraction index of of CO2-gas with
Mach-Zehnder interferometer
LI 12*
(13077)
Fabry - Perot interferometer – determination of the wavelength of laserlight
LI 13*
(13078)
Fabry - Perot interferometer –
optical resonator modes
LI 14
(22611)
Fourier optics –2 f arrangement
LI 15*
(22612)
Fourier optics – 4 f arrangement, filtering
and reconstruction
LI 16
(13079)
Optical determination of the velocity of
ultrasound in liquids – phasemodulation
of laserlight by ultrasonic waves
LI 17*
(13080)
LDA – Laser Doppler Anemometry
LI 18
(13081)
Twyman-Green interferometer
(12170)
3 Polarisation of light
LP 3.1
(12173)
Fresnel’s law, theory of reflection
LP 3.2*
(12174)
Polarisation through λ/4 plates
LP 3.3
(12175)
Half shadow polarimeter, rotation of polarisation through an optically active medium
LP 3.4*
(12176)
Kerr effect
LP 3.5*
(12177)
Faraday effect
4 Refraction of light
LP 4.1
(12178)
Index of refraction n of a flint glass
prism
LP 4.2
(12179)
Determination of the index of refraction
of air with Michelson’s interferometer
LP 4.3*
(12180)
Determination of the index of refraction
of CO2 with Michelson’s interferometer
5 Law of radiation
LP 5.1
Lambert’s law of radiation
(12181)
4 Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
01400.02
Laser Physics III
Interferometry
Laboratory Experiments
Physics
16502.12
Laser Physics I – Experiments with
coherent light
01179.02
01401.02
64 experiments
2. Optics
34 experiments
incl. the three didactical laser
experiments with:
1. He-Ne laser*
2. Nd-YAG laser*
3. CO2 laser*
3. Thermodynamics
21 experiments
4. Electricity
45 experiments
5. Physical Stucture of Matter
66 experiments
incl. 20 experiments for the
Phywe X-Ray Unit
* These experiments
are shown
in a short form in
this brochure
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
Laser-Physik neu
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Seite 5
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
The experiments in the PHYWE Publication Series “Advanced Optics and Laser Physics” are intended for
physics laboratory courses at universities, colleges and similar institutions and also for advanced courses in
high schools.
All experiments are uniformly built-up
and contain references such as
Related terms, Principle and Objective
to introduce the subject.
Set-up and procedure with a lot of
information for an easy, quick and
comfortable experimental set-up.
Theoretical backround
information and remarks on
safety and maintenance of
laser, equipment and optical
components.
Drawing for an easy, quick and
safe experimental set-up.
Equipment List guarantee time-saving
and easy conducting of the experiment.
Experimental literature
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
Handbook Laserphysics 1
“Experiments with Coherent Light”
01179.02
Handbook Laserphysics 2
“Holography”
01400.02
Handbook Laserphysics 3
“Interferometry, Fourier-Optics, etc.”
01401.02
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Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
P2260700
LEP
Helium Neon Laser
What you can learn about
Spontaneous and stimulated
light emission
Inversion
Collision of second type
Gas discharge tube
Resonator cavity
Transverse and longitudinal
resonator modes
Birefraction
Brewster angle
Littrow prism
Fabry Perot
Principle:
The difference between spontaneous
and stimulated emission of light is
demonstrated. The beam propagation
within the resonator cavity of a HeNe laser and its divergence are determined, its stability criterion is
checked and the relative output
power of the laser is measured as a
function of the tube’s position inside
the resonator and of the tube current.
What you need:
Exp.Set HeNe-Laser, basic set
08656.01
1
Optical bench on carrier rail
08599.01
1
Diaphragm for adjustment of laser
08608.00
2
Photoelement, silicon
08734.00
1
Digital multimeter
07134.00
1
Screen, white, 150150 mm
09826.00
1
Danger sign -LASER-
06542.00
1
Barrel base –PASS-
02006.55
1
Vernier caliper
03010.00
1
Measuring tape, l = 2 m
09936.00
1
Protective glasses for the He-Ne-Laser
08581.10
1
Helium Neon Laser, basic set
P2260701
Relative output power as a function of mirror spacing.
08656.02
The following items can be realized
with advanced set 08656.02.
Option:
Exp.Set HeNe-Laser, advanced set
1
consisting of:
• Birefringent tuner (Lyot Plate, BFT) with holder and rider (08656.10) •
Littrow prism with x/y-holder and rider (08656.20) • Fabry Perot Etalon in
x/y-holder and rider (08656.30)
Helium Neon Laser, advanced set
P2260705
By means of a birefringent tuner and
a Littrow prism different wavelengths can be selected and quantitatively determined if a monochromator is available.
4. Measure the beam diameter within the hemispherical resonator
right and left of the laser tube.
Finally you can demonstrate the existence of longitudinal modes and
the gain profile of the He-Ne laser
provided an analysing Fabry Perot
system is at your disposal.
5. Determine the divergence of the
laser beam.
Tasks:
The He-Ne laser can be tuned using
a BFT or a LTP. Longitudinal modes
can be observed by use of a Fabry
Perot Etalon of low finesse. Remark:
These points can only be covered
quantitatively if a monochromator
and an analysing Fabry Perot system
are available.
1. Set up the He-Ne laser. Adjust the
resonator mirrors by use of the pilot
laser. (left mirror: VIS, HR, plane;
right mirror: VIS, HR, R = 700 mm)
2. Check on the stability condition of
a hemispherical resonator.
6 Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
3. Measure the integral relative output power as a function of the
laser tube’s position within the
hemispherical resonator.
6. Measure the integral relative output power as a function of the
tube current.
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
Laser-Physik neu
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Seite 7
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
LEP
Nd-YAG-laser
P2260900
What you can learn about
Optical pumping
Spontaeous emission
Induced emission
Inversion
Relaxation
Optical resonator
Resonator modes
Polarization
Frequency doubling
Principle:
The rate equation model for an optically pumped four-level laser system
is determined. As lasing medium, a
Nd-YAG (Neodymium-Yttrium Aluminium Garnet) rod has been selected which is pumped by means of a
semiconductor diode laser.
The IR-power output of the Nd-YAG
laser is measured as a function of the
optical power input and the slope efficiency as well as the threshold
power are determined.
What you need:
PNd-YAG
Basic set optical pumping
08590.93
1
Sensor f. measurem. of beam power
08595.00
1
Nd-YAG laser cavity mirror/holder
08591.01
1
Laser cav.mirror frequ. doubling
08591.02
1
Frequ. doubling crystal in holder
08593.00
1
Filter plate, short pass type
08594.00
1
Digital multimeter
07134.00
1
Oscilloscope, 30 MHZ, 2 channels
11459.95
1
Screened cable, BNC, l 750 mm
07542.11
3
Protective glasses for the Nd-YAG-Laser
08581.20
1
mW
25
20
From graphic:
Threshold power = 57 mW
15
From graphic:
Slope efficiency: 30%
10
Optional equipment for setup and storage:
Optical base plate in exp.case
08700.01
1
Nd-YAG-laser
P2260900
5
Pump power
mW
50
Tasks:
1. Set up the Nd-YAG laser and optimize its power output.
2. The IR-power output of the NdYAG laser is to be measured as a
function of the pump power. The
slope efficiency and the threshold
power are to be determined.
3. Verify the quadratic relationship
between the power of the fundamental wave, with l = 1064 nm,
and the beam power of the second
harmonic with l = 532 nm.
4. Determine the power output of
the semiconductor laser as a function of the injection current.
5. Trace the fluorescent spectrum of
the Nd:YAG rod pumped by the
diode laser and verify the main
absorption lines of neodymium.
6. Measure the mean life time of the
4
F3/2-level of the Nd-atoms.
7. Extend laser cavity by KTP-crystal
for frequency doubling. Finalize
alignment testimate output power
of second harmonic line.
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
100
150
Nd-YAG laser power output as a function of the pump power l = 808.4 nm.
Finally, a KTP-crystal is inserted into
the laser cavity and frequency doubling is demonstrated. The quadratic
relationship between the power of
the fundamental wave and the beam
power for the second harmonic is
then evident.
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Seite 8
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
P2260400
LEP
CO2-laser
What you can learn about
Molecular vibration, excitation
Electric discharge
Vibration / Rotation niveau
Inversion /
Optical amplification
Induced/Spontaneous emission
Spectrum of emission
Polarization
Brewster angle
Optical resonator
Principle:
Among molecular lasers, the CO2laser is of greatest practical importance. The high level of efficiency
with which laser radiation can be
generated in continuous wave (cw)
and pulse operation is its most fascinating feature.
The experimental equipment set is
an open CO2-didactic laser system of
typ. 5 W power output. All components of the system can be handled
individually and the influence of
each procedure on the output power
can be studied. One target in learning is the alignment of the CO2-laser.
What you need:
CO2-laser tube, detachable, typ 5 W
Module box for CO2-laser tube
Set of laser mirrors, ZnSe and Si with x/y holder/rider
Opt.bench on steel rail l 1,3 m
HV-power supply 5 kV/50 mA DC
Ballast resistor unit incl. 3 HV cables
Cooling water unit, portable
Vacuum pump, two-stage
Gas filter/buffer unit
He/Ne-laser/adjusting device
Diaphragm f.adj. CO2-laser
Screen translucent, 250250 mm
Right angle clamp –PASSPowermeter 30 mW/10 Watt
Support for power probe
Protecting glasses, 10.6 micro-m
Cleaning set for laser
ZnSe biconvex lens, d = 24 mm, f = 150 mm
Digit.thermom.,NiCr-Ni
HV-isolated temperature probe
Control panel w. support, 1 gas*
Press.contr.valve 200/3bar*
Laser gas in bottle, 50 l/200 bar*
08596.00
08597.00
08598.00
08599.00
08600.93
08601.00
08602.93
02751.93
08605.00
08607.93
08608.00
08064.00
02040,55
08579.93
08580.00
08581.00
08582.00
08609.00
08583.00
08584.00
08606.00
08604.00
08603.00
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
*Alternative:
Laser gas mixing unit, 3 gases (see picture)
He-, N2- and CO2-gas
08606.88
1
2. Check the influence of the Brewster windows position on the
power output.
08610.10
1
3. Determine the power output as a
function of the electric power
input and gasflow.
08611.00
1
Option:
Experiment set for laser beam analysis
1. estimation of wavelength by diffraction grating and
2. distribution of power by diaphragm
IR conversion plate for observation of CO2-laser
infrared radiation
CO2-laser
8 Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
Laser power as a function of the angle of inclination of the brewster window
normal N.
Tasks:
1. Align the CO2-laser and optimize
its power output.
4. Evaluate the efficiency as a function of the electric power input.
5. If the gas-mixing unit is supplied
the influence of the different
components of the laser gas (CO2,
He, N2) to the output efficiency of
the CO2-laser are analyzed.
6. Measurement of temperatures
differences for the laser gas
(input/output) for study of conversion efficiency.
P2260400
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
Laser-Physik neu
20.10.2003
22:59 Uhr
Seite 9
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
LP 1.3
Diffraction of light through a double slit or by a grid
P1216800
What you can learn about
Fraunhofer diffraction
Huygens’ principle
Interference
Coherence
Principle:
The coherent monochromatic light
of a laser is directed to a diaphragm
with a varying number of slits. The
resulting interference patterns are
studied using a photoelement.
What you need:
Intensity distribution of the corresponding simple slit
Optical base plate with rubber feet
08700.00
1
He/Ne Laser, 5 mW with holder*
08701.00
1
Power supply f. laser head 5 mW*
08702.93
1
Adjusting support 3535 mm
08711.00
1
Surface mirror 3030 mm
08711.01
1
Magnetic foot f. opt. base plt.
08710.00
3
Diaphragm holder f. opt. base plt.
08724.00
1
Diaphragm, 4 double slits
08523.00
1
Diaphragm, 4 multiple slits
08526.00
1
Photoelement f. opt. base plt.**
08734.00
1
Sliding device, horizontal
08713.00
1
Universal measuring amplifier**
13626.93
1
Voltmeter, 0.3-300 VDC, 10-300 VAC
07035.00
1
Connecting cord, l = 500 mm, red**
07361.01
2
Tasks:
*Alternative to laser 5 mW, power supply and shutter:
Laser,He-Ne 0.2/1.0 mW, 220 V AC
08180.93
1
or
Diodelaser 0.2/1 mW; 635 nm
Qualitative intensity distribution of diffraction through 2 and 4 slits, the
distance x being normalised to /s. The intensity distribution of the simple
slit has been represented with exaggerated height to give a clearer view.
08760.99
**Alternative:
Si-Photodetector with amplifier
08735.00
1
Control Unit for Si-Photodetector
08735.99
1
Screened cable, BNC, l = 750 mm
07542.11
1
Adapter, BNC-socket/4mm plug pair
07542.27
1
Diffraction of light through a double slit
or by a grid
P1216800
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
The intensity distribution of diffraction patterns formed by multiple slits
is measured using a photoelement.
The dependence of this distribution
from the slit widths the number of
slits and the grid constant is investigated. The obtained curves are compared to the theoretical values.
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Seite 10
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
P1216900
LP 1.4
Diffraction of light through a slit and stripes, Babinet’s theorem
What you can learn about
Fraunhofer interference
Huygens’ principle
Multiple beam interference
Babinet’s theorem
Coherence
Principle:
Babinet's Principle states that the
diffraction pattern for an aperture is
the same as the pattern for an
opaque object of the same shape illuminated in the same manner. That
is the pattern produced by a diffracting opening of arbitrary shape is the
same as a conjugate of the opening
would produce.
What you need:
Optical base plate with rubber feet
08700.00
1
He/Ne Laser, 5 mW with holder*
08701.00
1
Power supply f. laser head 5 mW*
08702.93
1
Adjusting support 3535 mm
08711.00
1
Surface mirror 30mm
08711.01
1
Magnetic foot f. opt.base plt.
08710.00
3
Diaphragm holder f. opt. base plt.
08724.00
1
Screen, with diffracting elements
08577.02
1
Sliding device, horizontal
08713.00
1
Photoelement f. opt. base plt.**
08734.00
1
Universal measuring amplifier**
13626.93
1
Voltmeter, 0.3-300 VDC, 10-300 VAC
07035.00
1
Connecting cord, l = 500 mm, red**
07361.01
2
LD
*Alternative to laser 5 mW, power supply and shutter:
Laser,He-Ne 0.2/1.0 mW, 220 V AC
08180.93
1
08760.99
1
Si-Photodetector with amplifier
08735.00
1
Control Unit for Si-Photodetector
08735.99
1
Screened cable, BNC, l = 750 mm
07542.11
1
Adapter, BNC-socket/4mm plug pair
07542.27
1
or
Diodelaser 0.2/1 mW; 635 nm
Principle of set up for diffraction through a slit and qualitative distribution on
intensities () 0 in the detector plane LD.
**Alternative:
Diffraction of light through a slit and stripes,
Babinet’s theorem
P1216900
10 Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
Tasks:
Babinet’s theorem is verified by the
diffraction pattern of monochromatic light directed through a slit and an
opaque stripe complementary to the
latter. The experiment is also performed with a circular aperture and
an opaque obstacle conjugate to this
opening.
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
Laser-Physik neu
20.10.2003
23:00 Uhr
Seite 11
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
LP 2.2
Michelson interferometer
P1217100
What you can learn about
Interference
Wavelength
Refraction index
Light velocity
Phase
Virtual light source
Coherence
Principle:
In a Michelson interferometer, a light
beam is split into two partial beams
by a semi transparent glass plate
(amplitude splitting). These beams
are reflected by two mirrors and
brought to interference after they
passed through the glass plate a
second time.
What you need:
Optical base plate with rubber feet
08700.00
1
He/Ne Laser, 5 mW with holder*
08701.00
1
Power supply f. laser head 5 mW*
08702.93
1
Adjusting support 3535 mm
08711.00
1
Surface mirror 3030 mm
08711.01
1
Magnetic foot f. opt. base plt.
08710.00
4
Michelson interferometer
08557.00
1
Achromatic objective 20 N.A. 0.45
62174.20
1
Pinhole 30 micron
08743.00
1
Sliding device, horizontal
08713.00
1
xy shifting device
08714.00
2
Adapter ring device
08714.01
1
Screen, white, 150150 mm
09826.00
1
08180.93
1
08760.99
1
*Alternative to laser 5 mW, power supply and shutter:
Laser,He-Ne 0.2/1.0 mW, 220 V AC
Formation of interference rings.
or
Diodelaser 0.2/1 mW; 635 nm
Michelson interferometer
P1217100
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
Tasks:
The wavelength of the used laser
light is determined through the observation of the change in the interference pattern upon changing the
length of one of the interferometer
arms.
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics 11
Laser-Physik neu
20.10.2003
23:00 Uhr
Seite 12
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
P1217200
LP 2.3
Newton’s rings
What you can learn about
Coherent light
Phase relation
Path difference
Interference at thin layers
Newton's colour glass
Principle:
The air wedge formed between a
slightly convex lens and a plane glass
plate (Newton's colour glass) is used
to cause interference of monochromatic light. The wavelength is determined from the radii of the interference rings.
What you need:
Optical base plate with rubber feet
08700.00
1
He/Ne Laser, 5 mW with holder*
08701.00
1
Power supply f. laser head 5 mW*
08702.93
1
Adjusting support 3535 mm
08711.00
1
Surface mirror 3030 mm
08711.01
1
Achromatic objective 20 N.A. 0.45
62174.20
1
Pinhole 30 micron
08743.00
1
Sliding device, horizontal
08713.00
1
xy shifting device
08714.00
2
Adapter ring device
08714.01
1
Magnetic foot f. opt.base plt.
08710.00
5
Newton colourglass f.opt.b. pl.
08730.02
1
Lensholder f. optical base plate
08723.00
1
Lens, mounted, f = +50 mm
08020.01
1
Screen, transp.w.holder f.opt.b.
08732.00
1
Measuring tape, l = 2 m
09936.00
1
08180.93
1
08760.99
1
The diameters of interference rings
produced by Newton’s colour glass
are measured and these are used to:
P1217200
1. determine the wavelength for a
given radius of curvature of the
lens,
*Alternative to laser 5 mW, power supply and shutter:
Laser,He-Ne 0.2/1.0 mW, 220 V AC
Tasks:
or
Diodelaser 0.2/1 mW; 635 nm
Generation of Newton’s rings.
Newton’s rings
2. determine the radius of curvature
for a given wavelength.
12 Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
Laser-Physik neu
20.10.2003
23:00 Uhr
Seite 13
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
LP 3.2
Polarisation through /4 plates
P1217400
What you can learn about
Linearly, circularly and
elliptically polarised light
Polarizer
Analyser
Plane of polarisation
Malus' law
Double refraction
Optical axis
Ordinary and extraordinary
beam
Principle:
Monochromatic light impinges on a
mica plate, perpendicularly to its optical axis. If the thickness of the
plate is adequate (l/4 plate), a phase
shift of 90° occurs between the ordinary and the extraordinary beam
when the latter leaves the crystal.
The polarisation of exiting light is
examined for different angles between the optical axis of the l/4
plate and the direction of polarisation of incident light.
What you need:
Optical base plate with rubber feet
08700.00
1
He/Ne Laser, 5 mW with holder*
08701.00
1
Power supply f. laser head 5 mW*
08702.93
1
Adjusting support 3535 mm
08711.00
1
Surface mirror 3030 mm
08711.01
1
Magnetic foot f. opt. base plt.
08710.00
7
Lensholder f. optical base plate
08723.00
1
Lens, mounted, f = +20 mm
08018.01
1
Diaphragm holder f.opt.base plt.
08724.00
2
Polarizing filter f. opt. base plt.
08730.00
2
Polarization specimen, mica
08664.00
2
Photoelement f. opt. base plt.**
08734.00
1
Universal measuring amplifier**
13626.93
1
Voltmeter, 0.3-300 VDC, 10-300 VAC
07035.00
1
Connecting cord, l = 500 mm, red**
07361.01
2
08180.93
1
08760.99
1
*Alternative to laser 5 mW, power supply and shutter:
Laser,He-Ne 0.2/1.0 mW, 220 V AC
or
Diodelaser 0.2/1 mW; 635 nm
Intensity distribution of polarised light for different angles of the /4 plate,
as a function of the analyser position.
**Alternative:
Si-Photodetector with amplifier
08735.00
Control Unit for Si-Photodetector
08735.99
1
1
Screened cable, BNC, l = 750 mm
07542.11
1
Adapter, BNC-socket/4mm plug pair
07542.27
1
Polarisation through l/4 plates
P1217400
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
Tasks:
1. Measurement of the intensity of
linearly polarised light as a function of the analyser’s position
(Malus’ law)
2. Measurement of the light intensity behind the analyser as a func-
tion of the angle between the optical axis of the l/4 plate and the
analyser.
3. Carrying out experiment (2) with
two successive l/4 plates.
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics 13
Laser-Physik neu
20.10.2003
23:00 Uhr
Seite 14
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
P1217600
LP 3.4
Kerr effect
What you can learn about
Polarisation of light
Double refraction
Optical anisotropy
Modulation of light
Electro-optical modulator
Principle:
Monochromatic light, which is polarised vertical impinges on a PLZT
element (lead-lanthanum-zirconium-titanium preparation) rotated in
its support by 45° against the vertical.
An electric field is applied to the
PLZT element (Kerr cell) and causes
the latter to become double refracting. The phase difference between
the ordinary and the extraordinary
beams after the PLZT element is
recorded as a function of the applied
voltage. It is shown that the difference of phase is proportional to the
square of the electric field intensity,
due to the applied voltage.
What you need:
Phase shift
Optical base plate with rubber feet
He/Ne Laser, 5 mW with holder*
Power supply f. laser head 5 mW*
Adjusting support 3535 mm
Surface mirror 3030 mm
Magnetic foot f. opt. base plt.
Kerr cell PLTZ f. opt. base plt.
High voltage supply unit, 0–10 kV
Loudspeaker, 8 /5 k
Polarizing filter f. opt. base plt.
Photoelement f. opt. base plt.***
Universal measuring amplifier***
Voltmeter, 0.3-300 VDC, 10-300 VAC
Digital multimeter
Flat cell battery, 9 V
Power frequency generator 1MHz**
Screened cable, BNC, l = 750 mm
Adapter,BNC-socket/4 mm plug pair
Connecting cord, l = 500 mm, yellow
Connecting cord, l = 750 mm, red***
Connecting cord, l = 750 mm, blue
*Alternative to laser 5 mW, power supply and shutter:
Laser,He-Ne 0.2/1.0 mW, 220 V AC
or
Diodelaser 0.2/1 mW; 635 nm
08700.00
08701.00
08702.93
08711.00
08711.01
08710.00
08731.00
13670.93
13765.00
08730.00
08734.00
13626.93
07035.00
07134.00
07496.10
13650.93
07542.11
07542.27
07361.02
07362.01
07362.04
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
08180.93
1
08760.99
1
**Alternative:
Radio and adapter plug
1
***Alternative:
Si-Photodetector with amplifier
Control Unit for Si-Photodetector
Screened cable, BNC, l = 750 mm
Adapter, BNC-socket/4mm plug pair
Connecting cord, l = 500 mm red
08735.00
08735.99
07542.11
07542.27
07362.01
Kerr effect
P1217600
14 Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
1
1
1
1
1
Voltage for peaks
and minima
Relative light intensity I/I0 after analyser A as a function of the voltage U
applied to the Kerr cell and of phase shift between the ordinary and the
extraordinary beams.
Tasks:
1. The phase difference between the
ordinary and the extraordinary
light beam is recorded for different voltages applied to the PLZT
element, that is, for different field
intensities. The half wavelength
voltages U(l/2) must be determined.
3. Superimposing an alternate voltage to the constant electric HV
field, the PLZT element is transformed to an electro optical modulator. Its function is demonstrated by means of alternate voltages
of variable frequency in the audible range.
2. By plotting the square of the applied voltage against the phase
difference between the ordinary
and the extraordinary beam, it is
shown that the relation between
both magnitudes is approximately
linear. The Kerr constant is calculated from the slope of the
straight line.
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
Laser-Physik neu
20.10.2003
23:00 Uhr
Seite 15
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
LP 3.5
Faraday effect
P1217700
What you can learn about
Interaction of
electromagnetic fields
Electronic oscillation
Electromagnetism
Polarisation
Verdet’s constant
Malus’ law
Principle:
The angle of rotation of the plane of
polarisation of a linearly polarised
light wave in a rod of flint glass appears to be a linear function of the
average magnetic flow density and
of the length of optical medium
travelled through by the wave. The
factor of proportionality is a medium
specific constant and is called
Verdet’s constant.
What you need:
Optical base plate with rubber feet
He/Ne Laser, 5 mW with holder*
Power supply f. laser head 5 mW*
Adjusting support 3535 mm
Surface mirror 3030 mm
Magnetic foot f. opt. base plt.
Polarizing filter f. opt. base plt.
Faraday modulator f. opt. base plt.
Power frequency generator 1 MHz**
Ammeter, 1 mA - 3 A DC/AC
Photoelement f. opt. base plt.***
Universal measuring amplifier***
Loudspeaker, 8 /5 k
Screen, transp.w. holder f. opt. b.
Connecting cord, l = 500 mm, red
Connecting cord, l = 500 mm, blue
*Alternative to laser 5 mW, power supply and shutter:
Laser,He-Ne 0.2/1.0 mW, 220 V AC
or
Diodelaser 0.2/1 mW; 635 nm
08700.00
08701.00
08702.93
08711.00
08711.01
08710.00
08730.00
08733.00
13650.93
07036.00
08734.00
13626.93
13765.00
08732.00
07361.01
07361.04
1
1
1
1
1
5
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
08180.93
1
08760.99
1
Experimental set up (* only required for 5 mW laser)
**Alternative:
Radio and adapter plug
or
Low frequency amplifier
Function generator
Connecting cord, l = 500 mm, red
Connecting cord, l = 500 mm, blue
13625.93
13652.93
07361.01
07361.04
1
1
1
1
*** Alternative:
Si-Photodetector with amplifier
Control Unit for Si-Photodetector
Screened cable, BNC, l = 750 mm
Adapter, BNC-socket/4mm plug pair
08735.00
08735.99
07542.11
07542.27
1
1
1
1
Faraday Effect
P1217700
1
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
Tasks:
Qualitative investigation of the Faraday effect through observation of
the electro optical modulation of the
polarised laser light with frequencies
in the acoustic range.
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics 15
Laser-Physik neu
20.10.2003
23:00 Uhr
Seite 16
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
P1218000
LP 4.3
Determination of the index of refraction of CO2 with Michelson’s interferometer
What you can learn about
Interference
Wavelength
Index of refraction
Light velocity
Phase
Virtual light source
Coherence
Principle:
Light is caused to interfere by means
of a beam splitter and two mirrors
according to Michelson’s set up.
Substituting the air in a measurement cuvette located in one of the
interferometer arms by CO2 gass allows to determine the index of refraction of CO2.
What you need:
Optical base plate with rubber feet
08700.00
1
He/Ne Laser, 5 mW with holder*
08701.00
1
Power supply f. laser head 5 mW*
08702.93
1
Adjusting support 3535 mm
08711.00
1
Surface mirror 3030 mm
08711.01
1
Magnetic foot f. opt. base plt.
08710.00
5
Michelson interferometer
08557.00
1
Achromatic objective 20 N.A. 0.45
62174.20
1
Pinhole 30 micron
08743.00
1
Sliding device, horizontal
08713.00
1
xy shifting device
08714.00
2
Adapter ring device
08714.01
1
Screen, white, 150150 mm
09826.00
1
Glass cell, diameter 21.5 mm
08625.00
1
Compressed gas, CO2, 21 g
41772.06
1
Pipette, with rubber bulb
64701.00
1
Universal clamp with joint
37716.00
1
08180.93
1
08760.99
1
Michelson’s set up for interference.
*Alternative to laser 5 mW, power supply and shutter:
Laser,He-Ne 0.2/1.0 mW, 220 V AC
or
Diodelaser 0.2/1 mW; 635 nm
Determination of the index of refraction of CO2
with Michelson’s interferometer
P1218000
16 Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
Tasks:
A Michelson Interferometer is set up
and adjusted so that interference
rings can be observed. CO2 gas is
filled into a measurement cuvette
that was filled before with air. From
changes in the interference pattern
the difference of the refraction index
between air and CO2 is determined.
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
Laser-Physik neu
20.10.2003
23:00 Uhr
Seite 17
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
LI 2
Michelson interferometer – High Resolution
P1306700
What you can learn about
Interference
Wavelength
Diffraction index
Speed of light
Phase
Virtual light source
Principle:
With the aid of two mirrors in a
Michelson arrangement, light is
brought to interference. While moving one of the mirrors, the alteration
in the interference pattern is observed and the wavelength of the
laser light determined.
What you need:
Optical base plate with rubber feet
08700.00
1
He/Ne Laser, 5 mW with holder*
08701.00
1
Power supply f. laser head 5 mW*
08702.93
1
Adjusting support 3535 mm
08711.00
4
Surface mirror 3030 mm
08711.01
4
Magnetic foot f. opt. base plt.
08710.00
6
Holder f. diaphr./beam splitter
08719.00
1
Beam splitter 1/1, non polarizing
08741.00
1
Lens, mounted, f = +20 mm
08018.01
1
Lensholder f. optical base plate
08723.00
1
Screen, white, 150150 mm
09826.00
1
Interferometerplate w. prec. drive
08715.00
1
Photoelement f. opt. base plt.
08734.00
1
Digital multimeter
07134.00
1
Flat cell battery, 9 V
07496.10
1
Measuring tape, l = 2 m
09936.00
1
08180.93
1
Experimentally determined contrast function in comparison to the theoretical
contrast function K of a 2-mode laser.
*Alternative to laser 5 mW, power supply and shutter:
Laser,He-Ne 0.2/1.0 mW, 220 V AC
Michelson interferometer – High Resolution
P1306700
Tasks:
1. Construction of a Michelson interferometer using separate components.
2. The interferometer is used to determine the wavelength of the
laser light.
3. The contrast function K is qualitatively recorded in order to determine the coherence length with it.
PHYWE Systeme GmbH · D - 37070 Göttingen
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics 17
Laser-Physik neu
20.10.2003
23:00 Uhr
Seite 18
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
P1307000
LI 5
Doppler effect with the Michelson interferometer
What you can learn about
Interference
Wavelength
Diffraction index
Speed of light
Phase
Virtual light source
Temporal coherence
Special relativity theory
Lorentz transformation
Principle:
With the aid of two mirrors in a
Michelson arrangement, light is
brought to interference. While moving one of the mirrors, the alteration
in the interference pattern is observed and the modulation frequency is measured using the Doppler effect.
What you need:
Optical base plate with rubber feet
He/Ne Laser, 5 mW with holder*
Power supply f. laser head 5 mW*
Interferometerplate w. prec. drive
Light barrier with counter
Power supply 5 VDC/2.4 A
Support
Motor w.gearing and cord pulley
Perforated disk w. driving belt
Recorder, tY, 2 channel**
Perforated disk w. driving belt
Connecting cord, l = 500 mm, red**
Connecting cord, l = 500 mm, blue**
Photoelement f. opt. base plt.**
Power supply 0-12 V DC/6 V,12 V AC
Adjusting support 3535 mm
Surface mirror 3030 mm
Magnetic foot f. opt. base plt.
Support rod, stainl. steel, 100 mm
Holder f. diaphr./beam splitter
Right angle clamp -PASSBeam splitter 1/1, non polarizing
Lens, mounted, f = +20 mm
Lensholder f. optical base plate
Screen, white, 150150 mm
08700.00
08701.00
08702.93
08715.00
11207.30
11076.99
09906.00
08738.00
08738.01
11415.95
08738.01
07361.01
07361.04
08734.00
13505.93
08711.00
08711.01
08710.00
02030.00
08719.00
02040.55
08741.00
08018.01
08723.00
09826.00
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
4
4
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
*Alternative to laser 5 mW, power supply and shutter:
Laser,He-Ne 0.2/1.0 mW, 220 V AC
08180.93
1
**Alternative:
Stop watch
03071.00
1
Doppler effect with the
Michelson interferometer
P1370000
18 Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
Sample measurement with the y-t recorder.
Tasks:
1. Construction of a Michelson interferometer using separate components.
2. Measurement of the Doppler effect via uniform displacement of
one of the mirrors.
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
Laser-Physik neu
20.10.2003
23:00 Uhr
Seite 19
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
LI 6
Magnetostriction with the Michelson interferometer
P1307100
What you can learn about
Interference
Wavelength
Diffraction index
Speed of light
Phase
Virtual light source
Ferromagnetic material
Weiss molecular magnetic
fields
Spin-orbit coupling
Principle:
With the aid of two mirrors in a
Michelson arrangement, light is
brought to interference. Due to the
magnetostrictive effect, one of the
mirrors is shifted by variation in the
magnetic field applied to a sample,
and the change in the interference
pattern is observed.
What you need:
Optical base plate with rubber feet
08700.00
1
He/Ne Laser, 5 mW with holder*
08701.00
1
Power supply f. laser head 5 mW*
08702.93
1
Adjusting support 3535 mm
08711.00
3
Surface mirror 3030 mm
08711.01
4
Magnetic foot f. opt. base plt.
08710.00
7
Holder f. diaphr./beam splitter
08719.00
1
Beam splitter 1/1, non polarizing
08741.00
1
Lens, mounted, f = +20 mm
08018.01
1
Lensholder f. optical base plate
08723.00
1
Screen, white, 150150mm
09826.00
1
Faraday modulator f. opt. base plt.
08733.00
1
Rods for magnetostriction,set
08733.01
1
Power supply, universal
13500.93
1
Digital multimeter
07134.00
1
Connecting cord, l = 500 mm, blue
07361.04
1
Flat cell battery, 9 V
07496.10
1
08180.93
1
*Alternative to laser 5 mW, power supply and shutter:
Laser,He-Ne 0.2/1.0 mW, 220 V AC
Magnetostriction with the Michelson interferometer
P1307100
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
Measuring results of the magnetostriction of nickel with the relative change
in length l/l plotted against applied field strength H
Tasks:
1. Construction of a Michelson interferometer using separate optical
components.
2. Testing various ferromagnetic materials (iron and nickel) as well as
a non-ferromagnetic material,
copper, with regard to their magnetostrictive properties.
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics 19
Laser-Physik neu
20.10.2003
23:00 Uhr
Seite 20
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
P1307500
LI 10
Determination of the refraction index of air with the Mach-Zehnder interferometer
What you can learn about
Interference
Wavelength
Diffraction index
Speed of light
Phase
Virtual light source
Principle:
Light is brought to interference by
two mirrors and two beam splitters
in the Mach-Zehnder arrangement.
By changing the pressure in a measuring cell located in the beam path,
one can deduce the refraction index
of air.
What you need:
Optical base plate with rubber feet
08700.00
1
He/Ne Laser, 5 mW with holder*
08701.00
1
Power supply f. laser head 5 mW*
08702.93
1
Magnetic foot f. opt. base plt.
08710.00 10
Surface mirror 3030 mm
08711.01
Adjusting support 3535 mm
08711.00
4
4
Sliding device, horizontal
08713.00
1
xy shifting device
08714.00
2
Adapter ring device
08714.01
1
Pin hole 30 micron
08743.00
1
Achromatic objective 20 N.A. 0.45
62174.20
1
Holder f. diaphr./beam splitter
08719.00
2
Beam splitter 1/1, non polarizing
08741.00
2
Screen, white, 150150 mm
09826.00
1
Glass cell, diameter 21.5 mm
08625.00
1
Manual vacuum pump with manometer
08745.00
1
Universal clamp with joint
37716.00
1
Tubing connect., T-shape, ID 8-9 mm
47519.03
1
Tubing adaptor, ID 3-6/7-11 mm
47517.01
1
Schematic representation of the cell with normal pressure (a) and nearly
absolute vacuum (b)
Tasks:
1
1. Construction of a Mach-Zehnder
interferometer using individual
optical components.
Determination of the refraction index of air
with the Mach-Zehnder interferometer
P1307500
2. Measurement of the refraction
index n of air by lowering the air
pressure in a measuring cell.
*Alternative to laser 5 mW, power supply and shutter:
Laser,He-Ne 0.2/1.0 mW, 220 V AC
20 Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
08180.93
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
Laser-Physik neu
20.10.2003
23:14 Uhr
Seite 21
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
LI 12
Fabry-Perot interferometer – Determination of the laser light’s wavelength
P1307700
What you can learn about
Interference
Wavelength
Diffraction index
Speed of light
Phase
Virtual light source
Multibeam interferometer
Principle:
Two mirrors are assembled to form a
Fabry-Perot interferometer. Using
them, the multibeam interference of
a laser’s light beam is investigated.
By moving one of the mirrors, the
change in the interference pattern is
studied and the wavelength of the
laser’s light determined.
What you need:
Optical base plate with rubber feet
08700.00
1
He/Ne Laser, 5 mW with holder*
08701.00
1
Power supply f. laser head 5 mW*
08702.93
1
Interferometerplate w. prec. drive
08715.00
1
Adjusting support 3535 mm
08711.00
3
Surface mirror 3030 mm
08711.01
3
Magnetic foot f. opt. base plt.
08710.00
6
Holder f. diaphr./beam splitter
08719.00
2
Beam splitter 1/1,non polarizing
08741.00
1
Beam splitter T = 30, R = 70, w. holder
08741.01
1
Lens, mounted, f = +20 mm
08018.01
Lensholder f. optical base plate
08723.00
1
Screen, white, 150150 mm
09826.00
1
08180.93
1
*Alternative to laser 5 mW, power supply and shutter:
Laser,He-Ne 0.2/1.0 mW, 220 V AC
Fabry-Perot interferometer – Determination
of the laser lights’s wavelength
P1307700
Multibeam interferometer after Fabry and Perot. Illustration of the principle
for deriving the individual amplitudes.
Tasks:
1. Construction of a Fabry-Perot interferometer using separate optical components.
2. The interferometer is used to determine the wavelength of the
laser light.
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics 21
Laser-Physik neu
20.10.2003
23:14 Uhr
Seite 22
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
P1307800
LI 13
Fabry-Perot interferometer – optical resonator modes
What you can learn about
Interference
Wavelength
Diffraction index
Speed of light
Phase
Virtual light source
Two-beam interferometer
Principle:
Two mirrors are assembled to form a
Fabry-Perot Interferometer. Using
them, the multibeam interference of
a laser’s light beam is investigated.
On moving one of the mirrors, the
change in the intensity distribution
of the interference pattern is studied. This is a qualitative experiment,
to study the shape of different laser
modes and compare it with some
photos given in this description.
What you need:
Optical base plate with rubber feet
08700.00
1
Interferometerplate w. prec. drive
08715.00
1
He/Ne Laser, 5 mW with holder*
08701.00
1
Power supply f. laser head 5 mW*
08702.93
1
Adjusting support 3535 mm
08711.00
4
Surface mirror 3030 mm
08711.01
2
Concave mirror OC; r = 1.4 m, T = 1.7 %, mounted
08711.03
1
Plane mirror HR >99%, mounted
08711.02
1
Magnetic foot f. opt. base plt.
08710.00
5
Lens, mounted, f = +20 mm
08018.01
1
Lensholder f. optical base plate
08723.00
1
Screen, white, 150150 mm
09826.00
1
Fabry-Perot interferometer –
optical resonator modes
P1307800
Intensity distribution of the Hermitian-Gaussian resonator modes.
Tasks:
1. Construction of a Fabry-Perot interferometer using separate optical components.
2. The interferometer is used to observe different resonator modes
within the interferometer.
22 Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
Laser-Physik neu
20.10.2003
23:14 Uhr
Seite 23
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
LI 15
Fourier optics – optical filtration – 4f Arrangement
P2261200
What you can learn about
Fourier transform
Lenses
Fraunhofer diffraction
Index of refraction
Huygens’ principle
Debye-Sears-effect
Principle:
The electric field distribution of light
in a specific plane (object plane) is
Fourier transformed into the 4f
configuration by 2 lenses and optically filtered with appropriate diaphragms.
What you need:
Optical base plate with rubber feet
He/Ne Laser, 5 mW with holder*
Power supply f. laser head 5 mW*
Adjusting support 3535 mm
Surface mirror 3030 mm
Magnetic foot f. opt. base plt.
Holder f. diaphr./beam splitter
Lens, mounted, f = +100 mm
Lensholder f. optical base plate
Screen, white, 150150mm
Slide -Emperor MaximilianScreen, with arrow slit
Diffraction grating, 4 lines/mm
Diffraction grating, 50 lines/mm
Diaphragms, d = 1, 2, 3, 5 mm
Screen, with diffracting elements
Sliding device, horizontal
xy shifting device
Achromatic objective 20 N.A. 0.45
Adapter ring device
Pin hole 30 micron
Ruler, plastic, 200 mm
Ultrasonic generator
Glass cell, 15055100 mm
Table with stem
Support rod,stainl.steel, 250 mm
Bosshead
Universal clamp
08700.00
08701.00
08702.93
08711.00
08711.01
08710.00
08719.00
08021.01
08723.00
09826.00
82140.00
08133.01
08532.00
08543.00
09815.00
08577.02
08713.00
08714.00
62174.20
08714.01
08743.00
09937.01
11744.93
03504.00
09824.00
02031.00
02043.00
37715.00
1
1
1
2
2
9
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
*Alternative to laser 5 mW, power supply and shutter:
Laser,He-Ne 0.2/1.0 mW, 220 V AC
08180.93
1
Fouriert optics – optical filtration –
4 f Arrangement
P2261200
object plane P1
lens L1
Fourier plane P2
lens L2
observation
plane SC
filter
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
half plane
Principle of the set-up for coherent optical filtration.
Tasks:
1. Optical filtration of diffraction
objects in 4f set-up.
2. Reconstruction of a filtered image.
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics 23
Laser-Physik neu
20.10.2003
23:14 Uhr
Seite 24
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
P1308011
LI 17
LDA – Laser Doppler Anemometry with Cobra3
What you can learn about
Interference
Doppler effect
Scattering of light by small
particles (Mie scattering)
High- and low-pass filters
Sampling theorem
Spectral power density
Turbulence
Principle:
Small particles in a current pass
through the LDA measuring volume
and scatter the light whose frequency is shifted by the Doppler effect
due to the particle movement.
The frequency change of the scattered light is detected and converted
into a particle or flow velocity.
What you need:
Optical base plate with rubber feet
He/Ne Laser, 5 mW with holder
Power supply f. laser head 5 mW
Adjusting support 3535 mm
Surface mirror 3030 mm
Magnetic foot f. opt.base plt.
Holder f. diaphr./beam splitter
Lens, mounted, f = +100 mm
Lens, mounted, f = +50 mm
Lens, mounted, f = +20 mm
Iris diaphragm
Beam splitter 1/1, non polarizing
Si-Photodetector with Amplifier
Control Unit f. Si-Photodetector
Adapter, BNC-socket/4 mm plug pair
Screened cable, BNC, l = 750 mm
Prism table w.holder f. opt. b. plt.
Lensholder f. optical base plate
Screen, white, 150150mm
xy shifting device
Pin hole 30 micron
LDA-Accessory-Set
Support rod -PASS-, square, l = 630 mm
Right angle clamp -PASSUniversal clamp
Support base -PASSAspirator bottle, clear gl. 1000 ml
Pinchcock, width 10 mm
Glass tubes, straight, 80 mm, 10
Rubber stopper, d = 32/26 mm, 1 hole
Rubber stopper, d = 22/17 mm, 1 hole
Measuring tape, l = 2 m
Spatula, double blade, 150 mm
24 Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
08700.00
08701.00
08702.93
08711.00
08711.01
08710.00
08719.00
08021.01
08020.01
08018.01
08045.00
08741.00
08735.00
08735.99
07542.27
07542.11
08725.00
08723.00
09826.00
08714.00
08743.00
08740.00
02027.55
02040.55
37715.00
02005.55
34175.00
43631.10
36701.65
39258.01
39255.01
09936.00
33460.00
1
1
1
2
2
8
1
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1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
3
1
2
2
1
1
Measurement of the signal spectrum with a signal peak.
Tasks:
1. Measurement of the light-frequency change of individual light
beams which are reflected by
moving particles.
2. Determination of the flow velocities.
Glass beaker, short, 150 ml
COBRA3-Basic-Unit
Power supply 12 V/2 A
Data cable, plug/socket, 9 pole
Software Cobra3-Fourieranalyse
PC, Windows® 95 or higher
LDA – Laser Doppler Anemometry
with Cobra3
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
36012.00
12150.00
12151.99
14602.00
14514.61
1
1
1
1
1
P1308011
Laser-Physik neu
20.10.2003
23:14 Uhr
Seite 25
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
LH 3
White light hologram with expansion system
P1290200
What you can learn about
Bragg reflection
Object beam
Reference beam
Real and virtual image
Phase holograms
Amplitude holograms
Interference
Diffraction
Developing of film
Principle:
White light holograms are prepared
by allowing the coherent reference
and object waves to strike the hologram plate from two different sides
during image-capture. Interference
layers are generated in the photosensitive material. If the developed
hologram is illuminated with white
light, those layers act as interference
filters. According to the condition for
Bragg reflection constructive interference for a specific wavelength can
What you need:
Optical base plate in exp. case
08700.01
1
He/Ne Laser, 5mW with holder
08701.00
1
Power supply f. laser head 5 mW
08702.93
1
Magnetic foot f. opt. base plt.
08710.00
4
Holder f. diaphr./beam splitter
08719.00
1
Sliding device, horizontal
08713.00
1
xy shifting device
08714.00
2
Adapter ring device
08714.01
1
Achromatic objective 20 N.A. 0.45
62174.20
1
Pin hole 30 micron
08743.00
1
Adjusting support 3535 mm
08711.00
2
Surface mirror 3030 mm
08711.01
2
Object for holography
08749.00
1
Holographic plates, 20 pieces*
08746.00
1
Darkroom equipment for holography
08747.88
1
consisting of:
Principle of the white light hologram. Image-capture geometry and Bragg
reflection.
occur only at certain angles of observation.
Plastic trays, 4 pcs. • Laboratory gloves, medium, 100 pcs. • Tray
thermometer, offset, +40°C • Roller squeegee • Clamps, 2 pcs. • Film
tongs, 2 pcs. • Darkroom lamp with green filter • Light bulb 230 V/15 W •
Tasks:
Prepare a hologram which can also
be reconstructed with white light of
a punctiform lightsource (e.g. the
sun)
Funnel • Narrow-necked bottles, 4 pcs.
Set of photographic chemicals
08746.88
1
consisting of: Holographic developer • Stop bath • Wetting agent •
Laminate • Paint
*Alternative:
Bleaching chemicals:
Potassium dichromate, 250 g
30102.25
1
Sulphuric acid, 95-98%, 500 ml
30219.50
1
Holographic sheet film
08746.01
1
Glass plate, 1201202mm
64819.00
2
White light hologram with expansion system
P1290200
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics 25
Laser-Physik neu
20.10.2003
23:14 Uhr
Seite 26
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
P1290400
LH 5
Transmission hologram with expansion system
What you can learn about
Object beam
Reference beam
Real and virtual image
Phase holograms
Amplitude holograms
Interference
Diffraction
Coherence
Developing of film
Principle:
In contrast to normal photography a
hologram can store information
about the three-dimensionality of an
object. To capture the three-dimensionality of an object, the film stores
not only the amplitude but also the
phase of the light rays. To achieve
this, a coherent light beam (laser
light) is split into an object and a reference beam by being passed
through a beam splitter. These beams
interfere in the plane of the holographic film. The hologram is recon-
What you need:
Optical base plate in exp. case
08700.01
1
He/Ne Laser, 5 mW with holder
08701.00
1
Power supply f. laser head 5 mW
08702.93
1
Magnetic foot f. opt. base plt.
08710.00
6
Holder f. diaphr./beam splitter
08719.00
2
Sliding device, horizontal
08713.00
1
xy shifting device
08714.00
2
Adapter ring device
08714.01
1
Achromatic objective 20 N.A. 0.45
62174.20
1
Pin hole 30 micron
08743.00
1
Adjusting support 3535 mm
08711.00
2
Surface mirror 3030 mm
08711.01
2
Surface mirror, large, d = 80 mm
08712.00
1
Beam splitter 1/1, non polarizing
08741.00
1
Object for holography
08749.00
1
Holographic plates, 20 pieces*
08746.00
1
Darkroom equipment for holography
08747.88
1
consisting of:
Experimental set-up for the image-capture of a transmission hologram using
the optical expansion system.
structed with the reference beam
which was also used to record the
hologram.
Plastic trays, 4 pcs. • Laboratory gloves, medium, 100 pcs. • Tray
tongs, 2 pcs. • Darkroom lamp with green filter • Light bulb 230 V/15 W •
3. Reconstruct the transmission
hologram (reconstruction beam is
the reference beam during image
capture).
Funnel • Narrow-necked bottles, 4 pcs.
08746.88
1
consisting of: Holographic developer • Stop bath • Wetting agent •
*Alternative:
Laminate • Paint
Bleaching chemicals:
Potassium dichromate, 250 g
30102.25
1
Sulphuric acid, 95-98%, 500 ml
30219.50
1
26 Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
1. Capture the holographic image of
an object.
2. Perform the development and
bleaching of this phase hologram.
thermometer, offset, +40°C • Roller squeegee • Clamps, 2 pcs. • Film
Set of photographic chemicals
Tasks:
Holographic sheet film
08746.01
1
Glass plate, 1201202mm
64819.00
2
Transmission hologram with expansion system
P1290400
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
Laser-Physik neu
20.10.2003
23:14 Uhr
Seite 27
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
LH 6
Transfer hologram from a master hologram
P1290500
What you can learn about
Coherence of light
Object/Reference beam
Real and virtual image
Phase conjugation
Phase/Amplitude holograms
Interference diffraction
Developing of film
Principle:
After preparing a transmission hologram (master hologram) of an object,
the reconstructed real image is used
to illuminate a second holographic
plate. Thereby a transfer hologram is
prepared.
What you need:
Optical base plate in exp. case
08700.01
1
He/Ne Laser, 5 mW with holder
08701.00
1
Power supply f. laser head 5 mW
08702.93
1
Magnetic foot f. opt.base plt.
08710.00
6
Holder f. diaphr./beam splitter
08719.00
2
Sliding device, horizontal
08713.00
1
xy shifting device
08714.00
2
Achromatic objective 20 N.A. 0.45
62174.20
1
Pin hole 30 micron
08743.00
1
Adapter ring device
08714.01
1
Adjusting support 3535 mm
08711.00
2
Surface mirror 3030 mm
08711.01
2
Surface mirror, large, d = 80 mm
08712.00
1
Beam splitter 1/1, non polarizing
08741.00
1
Object for holography
08749.00
1
Holographic plates, 20 pieces*
08746.00
1
Darkroom equipment for holography
08747.88
1
Correct selection of the object position so that the image-capture of a transfer hologram is possible.
Tasks:
consisting of:
Plastic trays, 4 pcs. • Laboratory gloves, medium, 100 pcs. • Tray
thermometer, offset, +40°C • Roller squeegee • Clamps, 2 pcs. • Film
tongs, 2 pcs. • Darkroom lamp with green filter • Light bulb 230 V/15 W •
Image-capture and reconstruction
of a transmission hologram, which
is also termed the master hologram.
Reconstruction of the master hologram with the phase conjugated
reference wave R* and image-capture of the transfer hologram,
whereby an image-plane hologram
should be generated.
Funnel • Narrow-necked bottles, 4 pcs.
Set of photographic chemicals
08746.88
1
consisting of: Holographic developer • Stop bath • Wetting agent •
*Alternative:
Laminate • Paint
Bleaching chemicals:
Potassium dichromate, 250 g
30102.25
1
Sulphuric acid, 95-98%, 500 ml
30219.50
1
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
Holographic sheet film
08746.01
1
Glass plate, 1201202mm
64819.00
2
Transfer hologram from a master hologram
P1290500
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics 27
Laser-Physik neu
20.10.2003
23:14 Uhr
Seite 28
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
P1290900
LH 10
Real time procedure I (bending of a plate)
What you can learn about
Interference
Optical path length
Refraction index
Phase difference
Principle:
– In real time procedures, alterations of an object are directly observed. A hologram is recorded
under the initial object conditions
and remains in exactly the same
position (at exactly the same
place) where it was located during
the image-capture procedure
while it is being developed.
– The hologram is reconstructed
with the reference beam and the
object is illuminated with the object beam (both waves are unchanged with respect to the captured image). The light scattered
by the object interferes with the
reconstructed light wave of the
hologram.
What you need:
Optical base plate in exp. case
He/Ne Laser, 5 mW with holder
Power supply f. laser head 5 mW
Magnetic foot f. opt. base plt.
Holder f. diaphr./beam splitter
Sliding device, horizontal
xy shifting device
Adapter ring device
Achromatic objective 20 N.A. 0.45
Pin hole 30 micron
Adjusting support 3535 mm
Surface mirror 3030 mm
Surface mirror, large, d = 80 mm
Beam splitter 1/1, non polarizing
Screen, white, 150150 mm
Slotted weight, 50 g, black
Right angle clamp -PASSCell with magnetic base
Hose clip, diam. 8-12mm
Filter funnel, PP, d = 75 mm
Retort stand, h = 500 mm
Pinchcock, width 15 mm
Ballon flask, HDPE, 10 l
Universal clamp
Holographic sheet film*
Insert f. cell 08748.00 f. films*
Rubber tubing, vacuum i. d. 6 mm
Gas wash bottle, w/o frit, 250 ml
Manual vacuum pump with manometer*
Silicone grease, 50 g
08700.01
08701.00
08702.93
08710.00
08719.00
08713.00
08714.00
08714.01
62174.20
08743.00
08711.00
08711.01
08712.00
08741.00
09826.00
02206.01
02040.55
08748.00
40996.01
46895.00
37692.00
43631.15
47477.00
37715.00
08746.01
08748.02
39286,00
35834.05
08745.00
31863.00
1
1
1
7
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
4
1
2
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
2
1
1
1
Darkroom equipment for holography
08747.88 1
consisting of:
Plastic trays, 4 pcs. • Laboratory gloves, medium, 100 pcs. • Tray
thermometer, offset, +40°C • Roller squeegee • Clamps, 2 pcs. • Film
tongs, 2 pcs. • Darkroom lamp with green filter • Light bulb 230 V/15 W •
Funnel • Narrow-necked bottles, 4 pcs.
28 Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
Experimental set-up for real-time procedures as a holographic interferometer
for a bending plate.
– During the occurrence of minor
alterations (e.g. bending) of the
object, interference fringes become visible on observing the
hologram.
Tasks:
Image-capture and reconstruction
of a hologram of a plate which is
covered with different masses during the reconstruction.
Set of photographic chemicals
08746.88
consisting of: Holographic developer • Stop bath • Wetting agent •
Laminate • Paint
1
Bleaching chemicals:
Potassium dichromate, 250 g
Sulphuric acid, 95-98%, 500 ml
30102.25
30219.50
1
1
*Alternative:
Holographic plates, 20 pieces
Insert f. cell 08748.00 f. plates
08746.00
08748.01
1
1
Real time procedure I
(bending of a plate)
P1290900
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
Laser-Physik neu
21.10.2003
9:52 Uhr
Seite 29
Student System “Advanced Optics” and Laser Physics
Experimental System “Advanced Optics”
This experimental system allows many important experiments in
● Geometrical optics
● Wave optics
● Applied optics
● Holography
● Interferometry
● Fourier optics
to be performed.
All experiments are supported by corresponding handbooks, which contain
detailed descriptions of experimental set-ups and procedures, as well as
results of measurements.
By use of a base plate and magnetically held adjustment devices, which can
be positioned jerkfree, 1 and 2 dimensional measuring set-ups with laser light
sources can be quickly and dependably realized. By deflecting the light path,
experiments with larger focal lengths can also be carried out on the base
plate.
The high inherent stiffness and vibration damping of the base plate enables
sensitive interferometer arrangements to be set up.
Experimental set up for transmission hologram (LH4 – P1290300)
The practical system enables all important experiments in
• Geometric optics
• Wave optics (diffraction, interference, polarisation and refraction,
Kerr and Faraday effect)
• Holography ( white light, transmission and transfer holograms, average time and real time holography)
• Interferometry (Michelson, MachZehnder, Fabry-Perot, Sagnac,
Twyman-Green interferometer, as
well as the insert for producing
non-optical phenomena such as
e.g. measurement of magnetostrictions).
• Fourier optics, diffusion of light,
optical Doppler effect and laser
Doppler anemometry to be carried
out.
Optical base plate
08700.00
For setting up magnetically adhering
optical components. Rigid and vibration-damped working base made of
steel plate. With corrosion protection,
NEXTEL® plastic coating and imprinted grid (5 × 5) cm. Three fixed
adapter sleeves for laser and laser
shutter. With rubber feet for non-slip
working.
Base plate size (mm) 590 × 430 × 24
Mass
7 kg
Optical base plate in
experimental case
08700.01
Design as for base plate 08700.00,
however with vibration-damped
storage in the base of a case. Bottom
clamp screws. When carrying out the
experiments, the base plate remains
in the bottom of the case. Separate
case hood with lock.
Case dimensions (mm) 620 × 460 × 280
Mass
13 kg
With the aid of a base plate and magnetic adhering holders, which can be
positioned jolt-free, 1 and 2 dimensional measuring arrangements can
be quickly and reliably realised using
laser light sources. By folding the
light paths experiments with larger
focal distances can also be carried
out on the working base.
The high stiffness and vibration
damping of the base plate allows
sensitive interferometer arrangements to be set up. The base plate
with hooded case 08700.01 is recommended for the use of particularly vibration-sensitive applications,
which is accommodated with particular vibration-damping in the bottom of a transport case.
Optical Components and
Laser see pages 33/34
Three didactic Laser systems are available to investigate the fundamental working principles and
characteristics of lasers:
• Didactic system “Noble Gas Laser” (Helium-Neon-Laser)
• Didactic system “Solid State Laser” (Nd-YAG-Laser)
• Didactic system “Molecular Gas Laser” (CO2-Laser)”
He-Ne-Laser
Nd-YAG-Laser
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
See pages 6 to 8
Co2-Laser
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics 29
Laser-Physik neu
21.10.2003
9:53 Uhr
Seite 30
Equipment Holders
Magnetic foot for
optical base plate 08710.00
Due to internal three-point guide way,
stable and highly accurate work holding device for optical components
with round stems (∅ 10 mm…13 mm).
Magnetic base with sliding and attrition-free plastic coating for jolt-free
positioning of the optical components on the base plate.
Base height
55 mm
Adjusting support
3535 mm
Sliding device, horizontal
08713.00
Adapter ring device
For precise and reproducible linear
shift of optical components.
Two edge resistant holes for holding
optical components and a central,
linearly adjustable adjustment with
spindle drive and scaled, clampable
adjustment knob. With round stem
l = 50 mm and d = 10 mm.
Shift range
40 mm
Adjustment accuracy
0.1 mm
with internal thread for holding microscope objectives (e.g. objective 20×,
62174.20) in xy-shifting device
08714.00
08711.00
XY-shifting device 08714.00
For holding optical components (e.g.
front surface mirrors). With sensitive
adjustment screws for setting the
x,y-position of the optical components. With round stem l = 75 mm
and d = 10 mm.
For holding and fine positioning optical components for extending
beams (microscope objectives) and
spatial filtering (pinhole/aperture
plate). With three point bearing and
adjusting facility in two mutually
perpendicular directions, as well as
perpendicular to the optical axis in
one plane. With clamping pegs for
sliding device, horizontal 08713.00.
Incl. adjustable aperture plate.
x,y-adjustment path max. ± 2 mm
Holder for diaphragm/
beam plitter
08719.00
Rubber-covered clamping jaws with
knurled screws for clamping and
holding glass plates, beam splitters,
etc. With two round unscrewable
stems l = 50 mm and l = 68 mm and
d = 10 mm.
Lens holder for opt.
base plate
08723.00
Slit, adjust for opt. base
plate
08727.00
for holding of framed lenses. Design
as 08012.00 (s. Page 288), however
with short stem l = 35 mm.
Design as 08049.00, however with
short stem l = 35 mm.
Diaphragm holder 08724.00
Prism table for opt. base
plate
08725.00
Design as 08040.00, however with
short stem l = 35 mm.
Design as 08254.00, however with
short stem l = 50 mm.
Holder for direct vision prism
for opt. base plate 08726.00
08714.01
Pin hole 30 micron 08743.00
For suppressing interference in the
laser light (spatial filter) in connection with microscope objectives. In
frame ∅ = 25 mm.
Adjusting ring 25 10 13 mm
08710.01
For placing and clamping on round
stem optical components, to place
them with a fixed height in magnetic feet.
Rot. guide rail with angular
scale
08717.00
Holder for
coaxial laser
Interferometer plate with
precision drive
08715.00
For precise and reproducible linear
shift of optical components e. g. in
interferometer set ups.
Suppression of tilting effects due to
traverse construction. Position adjustment through lever device with
micrometer screw. Stiff steel base
plate with NEXTEL®-Plastic coating.
Set up on base plate.
Shift path
max. 0.25 mm
Resolution
500 nm
Dimensions (mm)
320 × 200 ×14
Mass
5 kg
For reproducible angle adjustment of
optical components about a freely
positionable pivot. With fixed hold of
components with round stem in the
pivot. Swivel rotating track for holding magnet feet for additional components.
Rotating range
360 °
Divisions
5°
Design as 08255.00, however with
short stem l = 50 mm.
30 Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
08705.00
Holder with three-point bearing for
laser tube ∅ = 30…55 mm. On stem
l = 65 mm.
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
Laser-Physik neu
20.10.2003
22:37 Uhr
Seite 31
Optical Components
Surface mirror
08711.01
High-quality front-surface plane
mirror with SiO2- protective coat; on
aluminium holder with protective
edge. Can be used in adjustment
holder 08711.00
Mirror area (mm)
30 × 30
Plan evenness
λ/8
Surface mirror,
large
08712.00
High-quality front-surface plane
mirror with SiO2- protective coat.
On holder with round stem l = 76
mm. Rear adjustment screws for adjusting inclination of the mirror in
x,y direction.
Mirror diameter (mm)
80
Plane evenness
λ/10
Concave mirror f = 5 mm,
with holder
08720.00
Front-surface mirror ∅ = 10 mm on
magnetic adhering ball joint, mounted on round stem l = 110 mm.
Fresnel mirror for opt.
base plate
08728.00
Photoelement for
opt. base plate
08734.00
Design as for 08560.00, however with
short stem l = 50 mm.
Newton colour glass
for opt. base plate 08730.02
For determining light intensities.
With replaceable holders l = 110 mm
and l = 250 mm. Incl. attachable
aperture slit d = 0.3 mm.
Spectral range
400…1100 nm
Design as for 08550.00, however with
short stem l = 35 mm.
Screen, transparent for
opt. base plate
08732.00
Polarisation filter for base
plate
08730.00
Area (mm)
Design as for 08610.00, however with
short stem l = 35 mm.
Polarizing filter halfshade
for opt. base plate 08730.01
Design as for 08628.01, however with
short stem l = 35 mm.
Kerr cell, PLZT for
opt. base plate
08731.00
Design as for 08661.00, however with
short stem l = 68 mm.
Beam plitter 1/1,
non polarizing
For holding holography plates/ films
for experiments on real time holography. Cuvette made of streak-free
glass plates. With 2 hose connections.
Dimensions (mm)
200 ×150 × 60
Insert for holographic plates
08748.01
Corrosion-proof stainless steel holder for standard plates (102 ×127) mm
or even for half-size in cuvette with
magnetic feet 08748.00.
Dimensions (mm)
170 ×130 × 40
08741.00
Semi transparent, non-polarizing
glass mirror for separating light
beam intensity into 50 % transmission and 50 % reflection. Designed
for wavelength λ = 633 nm.
Plate dimensions (mm) 50 × 30 × 3.2
Beam plitter T = 30, R = 70,
with holder
08741.01
Semi-transparent glass plate for separating light beam intensity into 30 %
transmission and 70 % reflection.
Spezial components for holography
Cell with magnetic base
08748.00
150 ×150
Faraday modulator for
opt. base plate
08733.00
Copper coil on temperature-stable aluminium winder with insert for holding
glass rods (SF58) for Faraday effect
06496.00. With round stem, clamp
screws and fixed connection cable
l = 1 m with 4-mm jacks.
Number of windings
1200
Inductivity
6,3 mH
Ohm’s resistance
4Ω
Internal diameter
14 mm
Max. current
5 A (1min)
Rods for magnetotriction,
set of 3
08733.01
Ni-, Fe- and Cu-rod with single-sided
M6 thread and silicon hose cover for
vibration damping. Can be fixed in
coil for magnetostriction 08733.00.
Each l = 150 mm, ∅ = 8 mm.
producing low air pressure with the
aid of a hand-held vacuum pump
with manometer 08745.00.
Dimensions (mm)
170 ×130 × 40
Object for holography
08749.00
Three dimensional model body on
magnetic foot. Total height 17 cm.
E.g. for Fabry-Perot interferometer.
Mounted on a metal frame.
Plate dimensions (mm) 30 × 20 ×1.7
Frame (mm)
50 × 30 × 4
Holographic plates, 20 pcs.
08746.00
Photo plates with extremely high resolution (approx. 6000 Lines/mm). Sensitive for He-Ne laser light (633 nm).
Plate format (127 ×102) mm.
Insert for holographic films
08748.02
Holographic sheet films,
80 pcs.
08746.01
Corrosion-proof plexiglass holder for
holography films (80 × 60, 80 ×100 or
127 ×102) mm. Can be used in cuvette with magnetic feet 08748.00.
The plane film fixing is achieved by
With extremely high resolution (approx. 6000 Lines/mm). Sensitive for
He-Ne laser light (633 nm). Extent of
delivery: 30 pcs (100 × 80) mm, 50 pcs
(80 × 60) mm.
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
Set of photographic chemicals
08746.88
Dark room equipment for
holography
08747.88
consisting of: Developer, stop bath,
wetting agent, white paint and laminate.
consisting of: 4 plastic dishes, darkroom
light with green filter and lamp, shell thermometer, roller squeegee, 2 clips, 2 photo
pincettes, laboratory gloves 100 pcs.,
funnel and 4 narrow-necked flasks 1000
ml, cleaning set for optical components.
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics 31
Laser-Physik neu
20.10.2003
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Seite 32
Further equipment and components
Complete set of interferometer experiments
08700.88
Under the order-no. 08700.88 we offer a complete equipment set to realize the following 5
types of interferometers: (Please see also page 4 in this brochure: Handbook Laser Physics III)
Michelson interferometer (LI 1)
Sagnac interferometer (LI 4)
Mach-Zehnder interferometer (LI 10)
Fabry-Perot interferometer (LI 12)
Twyman-Green interferometer (LI 18)
Experiment-no. P1306600
Experiment-no. P1306900
Experiment-no. P1307500
Experiment-no. P1307700
Experiment-no. P1308100
Equipment set for CO2-laser beam analysis
08610.10
1. estimation of wavelength by diffraction grating and
2. distribution of power by diaphragm
consists of: (1) Diffraction grating, metal, slit width 0.2 mm, distance of slit centers 0.4 mm, aperture diameter: 12 mm, thermal stable up to a power of 8 W/3 mm beam diameter
(2) Diaphragm for powermeter 08579.93, aluminium, black anodised, slit width/
diaphragm diameter: 1 mm, thermal load tolerance: 10 W at 3 mm beam diameter
(3) Sliding device, horizontal, for powermeter sensor, linear adjustment with spindle
drive, shift range ±20 mm, with slide mount
(4) Slide mount to hold diffraction grating (1)
IR conversion plate for observation of infrared CO2-laser radiation
08611.00
Si-Photodetector with amplifier 08735.00
This silicon photodiode with a built in transconductance amplifier is designed for precision, linear
photometric measurements over 6 decades at high interference levels. It works in connection with
the control unit 08735.99
The diode is supplied with a front lens which can be partly covered by a screw-on slit diaphragm
for measurements with a higher local resolution. A second diaphragm, that slides onto the first
one, can be used to alter the entrance aperture in a variable fashion. Thereby it is possible to
measure high light intensities without reaching the saturation level of the amplifier.
Spectral range
Maximum sensitivity at
Band width
Diameter of lens aperture
Diaphragm slit aperture
390 nm…1150 nm
900 nm
DC...65 kHz
approx. 8mm
max.0.3 mm x 10 mm;
min. 0.3 mm x 0.3mm
Control unit for Si-Photodetector 08735.99
In connection with the Si-Photodetector 08735.00 it serves for photometric measurements of low
direct- or alternating light signals. It is especially useful for photometric measurements in LDA and
fibre optics experiments.
It supplies the working voltage for the Si- Photodetector 08735.00. As outputs it offers a monitor
signal, a variable gain output for alternating light signals and an output that is filtered via a bandpass filter (200 Hz…10kHz). The latter output is recommended when low frequency noise (e.g.
fluorescent lamps) as well as noise of high frequency has to be suppressed in the light signal.
Input terminal for:
Output, 1
Output, 2
Output, 3
External power supply
Si-Photodetector 08735.00
DC…60 kHz, amplification 1 (monitor)
AC; 10Hz…60 kHz, amplification 1…10
AC; 200Hz…10 kHz, amplification 1…10
110 VAC…240 VAC, 50/60 Hz
Universal power supply for HeNe-Laser
08701.93
This power supply is suited for HeNe-laser tubes in the output power range of 0.5…10 mW. The
output current of this unit can be varied continuously from 3…10 mA. The value of this current is
shown on a digital display. The connection to the laser tubes is made via a high voltage connector.
Power supply:
Ignition voltage:
Working voltage:
Currrent output:
32 Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
100 V…240 V, AC, 50/60 Hz
max. 12 kV
max. 4 kV
continuous, 3…10 mA
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
Laser-Physik neu
20.10.2003
22:37 Uhr
Seite 33
Laser and Accessories
Lasers are ideal, highly monochromatic light sources with excellent coherence and very low beam divergence.
They are particularly suited as light sources for interference, diffraction and holography experiments.
Helium-Neon-laser 5 mW,
with holder
08701.00
Power supply for laser head
5 mW
08702.93
Wavelength
632.8 nm
TEM00 Modes
selection
99 %
Degree of polarisation
1: 500
Beam diameter
0.81 mm
Beam divergence
1 mrad
max. power drift
2.5 %/8h
Service life
approx. 15000 h
Coaxial
cylinder casing
= 44.2 mm,
l = 400 mm
With fixed connection cable with HV
jack for laser power pack 08702.93
Incl. 2 holders with three-point bearing 08705.00 and 2 setting collars
08710.00
HV supply for laser 08701.00. With
programmable timer for selectable
hologram light exposure times of
0.1s…99 s with the aid of a controllable shutter. Digital display for preselected and expired shutter times.
Shutter control via time selection,
restart, stop and permanent switching.
Plastic
casing (mm)
184 ×140 ×130
Incl. Shutter with fixed connection cable with appliance plug; in
upright ∅ = 10 mm
Laser, helium-neon,
0.2/1.0 mW
beam divergence
< 2 mrad.
minimum polarisation
500:1
max. drift over 8 hours
± 2.5%
oscillating mode
TEM00
lifetime
> 18000 h
power requirements
35 VA
connecting voltage 230 V, 50…60 Hz
Further connecting voltages on request
dimensions (mm)
210 × 80 × 40
stem diameter
10 mm
distance between
middle of beam
180 mm
and end of stem
08180.93
linearly polarised light source, very
short design. Welded glass tube assures a very long lifetime > 18 000
operating hours. Key switch and integrated grey filter to reduce radiation
power to 0.2 mW. Screw-in release to
deactivate the grey filter.
Anodised aluminium casing with integrated mains power supply, screwin holding stem, signal light and required warnings printed on both
sides. Fixed mains connecting cable
140 cm.
wavelength
optical output power
without filter
with filter
beam diameter
Diode Laser
0.2/1.0 mW
632.8 nm
1.0 mW
0.2 mW
0.5 mm
Laser, helium-neon,
1.0 mW
08181.93
same design as 08180.93, but without grey filter.
08760.99
The PHYWE diode laser is particulary
suitable as a light source for interference and diffraction experiments.
Apart from its compact design it is
distinguished by its unbeatable price
which makes it a cost-effective alternative to traditional He-Ne-gas
lasers.
The diode laser complies which the
technical requirements of DIN
60825-1, laser class 2. It is equipped
with a key switch, an indicator diode
indicating the operating status and
an electronic shutter to limit the
laser output. It is therefore approved
for being used at schools. It comes
supplied with a support rod (length
180 mm, diameter 10 mm), a power
supply unit, an instruction manual
and several test records.
Danger sign “Laser”
06542.00
glass fibre reinforced plastic,
315 × 220 mm, on a stem,
d = 10 mm
Recommended accessories:
»PASS« barrel base
02006.55
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics 33
Laser-Physik neu
20.10.2003
22:37 Uhr
Seite 34
Laser types and characteristics
Diode Laser
He-Ne-Laser 0.2/1 mW
He-Ne-Laser 5 mW
Laser type
Diode Laser
He-Ne-Laser 0.2/1 mW
He-Ne-Laser 5 mW
Item no.
08760.99
08180.93
08701.00
optical output power
1 mW (without shutter),
0.2 mW (with shutter)
1 mW (without grey filter),
0.2 mW (with grey filter)*
5 mW
wavelength
635 nm
632.8 nm
632.8 nm
power glass
2
2
3b
lifetime
> 18000 h
> 18000 h
> 15000 h
limiting output
electronic shutter
grey filter
shutter
beam diameter
approx. 2.0 mm 4 mm
0.5 mm
0.81 mm
<2 mrad
1 mrad
500:1
500:1
5%
2.5%
beam divergence
minimum polarisation
75:1
amplitude fluctuation:
max drift over 8 hours
power requirements
included
35 VA, included
Requires external and
programmable power supply
08702.93 or 08701.93
experiments
For simple interference and
diffraction experiments (e.g.
Michelson interferometer)
For all inerference and
diffraction experiments
Best results for all Advanced
Optics experiments
strong points
Cost-effective alternative to
He-Ne lasers, safe handling
Good compromise between
performance and price
Necessary for holography,
with programmable timer for
exposure times, selectable
hologram light
* Laser He-Ne 08181.93
has no grey filter but otherwise the same specifications as 08180.93!
34 Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
Laser-Physik neu
20.10.2003
22:37 Uhr
Seite 35
Index
Fourier transform
A
Amplitude holograms
25, 26
Analyser
13
23
Fraunhofer diffraction
9
Fraunhofer diffraction
23
Fraunhofer interference
10
Frequency doubling
8
M
R
Mach-Zehnder-Interferometer
G
Babinet’s theorem
10
Birefraction
6
Bragg reflection
25
Brewster angle
6, 7
Michelson Interferometer
Gas discharge tube
6
H
6
High- and low-pass filters
Hologram
CO2-laser
8
Coherence of light
Coherence
27
9, 10, 11, 16, 26
Coherent light
12
Collision of second type
6
D
Debye-Sears-effect
23
Developing of film
Diffraction index
25, 26, 27
17, 18, 19, 20
21, 22
Diffraction
18, 24
Double refraction
13, 14
E
24
25, 26, 27, 28
Huygens’ principle
9. 10, 23
I
16, 23
7
Electromagnetism
15
Electro-optical modulator
14
F
6, 21, 22
14
Molecular vibration, excitation
Multibeam interferometer
21
Multiple beam interference
10
8
Resonator cavity
6
Resonator modes
8
N
S
24
Scattering of light bysmall
particles (Mie scattering)
24
7
Special relativity theory
18
Newton's colour glass
12
Spectral power density
24
Newton’s rings
12
Spectrum of emission
7
Nd-YAG-laser
O
27
Interaction of electromagnetic
fields
Optical anisotropy
14
15
Interference at thin layers
12
Optical axis
13
Optical path length
28
9, 11, 22
16, 25, 26, 28, 17, 18
19, 20, 21, 22, 24
Inversion
Inversion/
Optical amplification
6, 8
7
Kerr effect
14
L
25, 26
Optical pumping
8
Optical resonator
7, 8
Ordinary and extraordinary
beam
13
P
Path difference
12
Phase conjugation
22
Phase difference
23
Phase holograms
25, 26
Phase relation
Phase
8
Spontaneous and
stimulated light emission
6
T
Temporal coherence
24
Two-beam interferometer
22
V
Verdet’s constant
Virtual light source
Phase/Amplitude holograms
27
23
Plane of polarisation
13
W
Polarisation of light
14
Wavelength
15
Ferromagnetic material
19
Littrow prism
Fourier optics
23
Lorentz transformation
13
6
Polarizer
13
15
Vibration/Rotation niveau
Lenses
7, 8, 13, 15
6
Turbulence
24
Polarisation
18
Transverse and longitudinal
resonator modes
12
11, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20
21, 22
19
Spontaeous emission
Laser Doppler Anemometry
11, 16
17, 18, 19, 20
21, 22
Spin-orbit coupling
Object/Reference beam
Interference
Relaxation
Sampling theorem
7
Interference diffraction
25, 26, 27
7
Induced/Spontaneous emission
Linearly, circularly and
elliptically polarised light
Faraday effect
11, 16
17, 18, 19
Object beam
Light velocity
Fabry Perot
11, 16, 28
8
15
Electronic oscillation
25, 26
Refraction index
Induced emission
K
Electric discharge
Reference beam
Speed of light
Index of refraction
9, 10, 25, 26
Doppler effect
19
13, 15
Modulation of light
HeNe-laser
C
Real and virtual image
Magnetostriction
Malus' law
B
20
7
11, 16, 17, 18
19, 20, 21, 22
11, 16, 17, 18, 19
20, 21, 22
Weiss molecular magnetic
fields
19
18
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics 35
Laser-Physik neu
20.10.2003
22:37 Uhr
Seite 36
How to order
The experiments can be offered or ordered completely or partially, if desired, in accordance with the
comprehensive equipment lists. On request, we will gladly send you detailed experimental descriptions.
You can order the experiments as follows:
What you need:
Optical base plate in exp. case
He/Ne Laser, 5 mW with holder
Power supply f. laser head 5 mW
Magnetic foot f. opt. base plt.
Holder f. diaphr./beam splitter
Sliding device, horizontal
xy shifting device
Adapter ring device
Achromatic objective 20 N.A. 0.45
Pin hole 30 micron
Adjusting support 3535 mm
Surface mirror 3030 mm
Surface mirror, large, d = 80 mm
Beam splitter 1/1, non polarizing
Object for holography
Holographic plates, 20 pieces*
08700.01
08701.00
08702.93
08710.00
08719.00
08713.00
08714.00
08714.01
62174.20
08743.00
08711.00
08711.01
08712.00
08741.00
08749.00
08746.00
1
1
1
6
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
Darkroom equipment for holography
08747.88 1
consisting of:
Plastic trays, 4 pcs. • Laboratory gloves, medium, 100 pcs. • Tray
thermometer, offset, +40°C • Roller squeegee • Clamps, 2 pcs. • Film
tongs, 2 pcs. • Darkroom lamp with green filter • Light bulb 230 V/15 W •
Funnel • Narrow-necked bottles, 4 pcs.
Didactically adapted descriptions of
experiments – easy,
direct preparation
by the students is
possible
Set of photographic chemicals
consisting of: Holographic developer • Stop bath •
Wetting agent • Laminate • Paint
08746.88
1
Bleaching chemicals:
Potassium dichromate, 250 g
Sulphuric acid, 95-98%, 500 ml
30102.25
30219.50
1
1
*Alternative:
Holographic sheet film
Glass plate, 1201202mm
08746.01
64819.00
1
2
Transmission hologram with expansion system
Comprehensive experiments –
cover the entire range of classical
and modern optics
Quantity
Order No.
All additional nessecary
items are mentioned
(e.g. spare parts).
Where applicable
alternatives are also
mentioned.
P1290400
Please specify this
Order No. if you would
like to order the complete
experiment.
Complete equipment offering
modular experimental set-up –
multiple use of individual devices,
cost effective and flexible
Excellent measurement accuracy
– results agree with theory
Developed and proven by
practicians – unproblematical and
reliable performance
Computer-assisted experiments –
simple, rapid assessement of the
results
36 Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D - 37070 Göttingen
Laser-Physik neu
20.10.2003
22:37 Uhr
Seite 37
Send to Fax No. (00 49) 5 51 6 0 41 15
or by post
or contact our local representative
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG
D-37070 Göttingen
Federal Republic of Germany
Address of institution
Information / Quotation
Please send detailed descriptions, free of charge
Please send an offer for the following experiments
Telephone
Date
Fax
Signature
Please circle the corresponding experiment numbers
P2260700
P2260400
P2260900
P1216800
P1216900
P1217100
P1217200
P1217400
P1217600
P1217700
P1218000
P1290200
P1290400
P1290500
P1290900
P1306700
P1307000
P1307100
P1307500
P1307700
P1307800
P2261200
P1308000
37
Laser-Physik neu
20.10.2003
22:38 Uhr
Seite 38
Send to Fax No. (00 49) 5 51 6 0 41 15
or by post
or contact our local representative
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG
D-37070 Göttingen
Federal Republic of Germany
Address of institution
Information / Quotation
Please send an offer for the following equipment
Telephone
Date
Equipment
38
Fax
Signature
Article-No.
Quantity
Laser-Physik neu
21.10.2003
0:48 Uhr
Seite 39
– catalogues, brochures
and more…
PHYSICS · CHEMISTRY · BIOLOGY
PHYSICS – CHEMISTRY – BIOLOGY
The comprehensive catalogue for physics, chemistry
and biology. Additionally you can find a large number of
laboratory materials and an insight in our particularly
successful teaching systems TESS, Cobra3 and
Natural Sciences on the board.
Available in English and Spanish.
Laboratory Experiments
The experiments in the Phywe publication series “Laboratory Experiments”
are intended for the heads of laboratories,
colleges of advanced technology, technical
colleges and similar institutions and also
for advanced courses in high schools.
Laboratory Experiments Physics is
also available on CD-ROM.
Available in English.
Special brochures
Additionally there are special brochures for our particularly successful
teaching systems TESS (available in
German, English, French and Spanish),
Cobra3 (available in German, English)
and Natural Sciences on the board
(available in German, English).
Laser-Physik neu
20.10.2003
22:38 Uhr
Seite 40
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG
Robert-Bosch-Breite 10
D-37079 Göttingen
Germany
phone: ++49/551/604-0
fax: ++49/551/604-115
int.sales @ phywe.com
www.phywe.com
10.03.08
Order No. 00117.02