Milady Standard Makeup
Chapter 3
Facial Anatomy and Physiology
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copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Objectives
• Explain the importance of anatomy and physiology of
the face and facial skin as it applies to makeup
application.
• Identify the bones and muscles of the face.
• Identify the layers of the skin and their functions.
• Describe common skin conditions that a makeup
p
artist would encounter.
• Identify which skin conditions a makeup
application
li ti may b
be performed
f
d on.
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copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Bones of the Face
• Nasal bones
• Lacrimal bones
• Zygomatic
Z
ti
bones
• Maxillae
• Mandible
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copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Muscles of the Face
• Striated muscles: voluntary
voluntary, including the
muscles for smiling and winking
• Nonstriated: involuntary
involuntary, including the
eyelids when you blink
(continued)
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copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Muscles of the Face
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copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Muscles of the Eyebrow and Nose
•
•
•
•
Orbicularis oculi
Corrugator
F
Frontalis
t li
Procerus
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copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Muscles of the Mouth
Influence the appearance and expression of the entire
face:
• Buccinator
• Mentalis
• Depressor
D
l bii inferioris
labii
i f i i
• Orbicularis
O bi l i oris
i
• Levator anguli oris
• Risorius
• Levator labii superioris
• Triangularis
• Zygomaticus
major
• Zygomaticus minor
•
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copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Skin
• The skin is the largest organ of the human
body.
• It acts as a natural barrier between our
bodies and the environment.
• The
Th skin
ki iis th
the makeup
k
artist’s
ti t’ canvas.
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copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Layers of the Skin
• The skin is composed of two layers:
• Epidermis (outermost and thinnest layer)
• Dermis ((underlying
y g or inner layer)
y )
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copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Epidermis
• Stratum corneum (outer layer)
• Stratum lucidum (clear, transparent layer)
• Stratum granulosum (composed of cells filled
with keratin)
• Stratum spinosum (healthy skin cells begin to
harden)
• Stratum germinativum (deepest layer;
contains melanocytes)
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copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Dermis
• Papillary layer (upper layer; rich in blood
vessels and capillaries)
• Reticular layer (deeper layer; consists of
collagen and elastin)
– Collagen
C ll
- gives
i
th
the skin
ki fform and
d strength
t
th
– Elastin - gives the skin its flexibility and
elasticity
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copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Functions of the Skin
•
•
•
•
•
•
Protection
Sensation
H t regulation
Heat
l ti
Excretion
Secretion
Absorption
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copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Conditions of the Skin
• As a makeup artist
artist, you must be prepared
to recognize certain common skin
conditions and you must be able to
conditions,
distinguish between those that you can
work on and those that must be referred to
a physician.
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copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Lesions of the Skin
• Lesion: any change in the continuity of the
skin in texture, color, or shape
• Primary lesions: (lesions raised above the
surface of the skin)
• Secondary
S
d
llesions:
i
((piles
il off material
t i l on
the skin surface; generally the result of a
primary
i
llesion)
i )
© Copyright 2013 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Common Sebaceous Gland Disorders
•
•
•
•
•
•
Open Comedo: blackhead
Closed comedo: whitehead
Mili benign,
Milia:
b i
k ti fill d cysts
keratin-filled
t
Acne:acne vulgaris
Seborrheic dermatitis
Rosacea
(continued)
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copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Common Sebaceous Gland Disorders
Open and closed comedones
Milia
© Copyright 2013 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Common Sebaceous Glands Disorders
Acne vulgaris
Classic rosacea
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copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Inflammatory Disorders
•
•
•
•
•
•
Conjunctivis
Dermatitis
E
Eczema
Herpes simplex
Vesicle
Impetigo
(continued)
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copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Inflammatory Disorders
Eczema
Herpes Simplex I
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copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Pigmentation Disorders
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hyperpigmentation
Hypopigmentation
Albi i
Albinism
Chloasma
Lentigines
Nevus
Vitiligo
(continued)
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copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Pigment Disorders
Hyperpigmentation
Chloasma
Vitiligo
g
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copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Skin Cancer
• Basal cell carcinoma: (least severe; light
or pearly nodules)
• Squamous cell carcinoma: (scaly red
papules or nodules)
• Malignant
M li
t melanoma:
l
((mostt serious
i
fform;
dark patches on the skin that appear
uneven in
i ttexture
t
or raised)
i d)
(continued)
© Copyright 2013 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Skin Cancer
Basal cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma
Malignant melanoma
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copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Summary and Review
1. How many bones create the structure and
shape of the face?
2. Explain the difference between striated and
nonstriated muscles.
3. What is the name of the bone that creates
th cheekbone?
the
h kb
?
4. List the four appendages of the skin.
5 In which layer of the skin are new cells constantly
5.
being reproduced?
(continued)
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copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Summary and Review
6. Which layer of the skin contains the protein
structures collagen and elastin?
7. Which protein substance is responsible for
providing the skin with strength and firmness?
8. List the six functions of the skin.
9. Define lesion.
10. Describe the differences between the
two categories of lesions.
lesions
(continued)
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copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Summary and Review
11.What are benign,
g , keratin-filled cysts
y
appearing
pp
g
just under the epidermis without a visible opening
called?
12.Define acne vulgaris.
13.Describe the characteristics of rosacea.
14 Wh t term
14.What
t
describes
d
ib d
darker
k th
than normall
pigmentation that appear as dark patches?
15.What is the pigmentation disorder that is
the result of hormone changes
called?
(continued)
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copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Summary and Review
16. What is the lay term for lentigines?
17. Name the most common and the least severe type
of skin cancer, which is often characterized by light
or pearly nodules.
18. Define eczema.
19. Is eczema contagious?
20. Can a makeup application be performed
on a client with conjunctivitis?
© Copyright 2013 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned,
copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.