Fireproofing Testing Today
and The Future
Luke Woods
Principal Engineer
Fire Resistance and Containment – UL
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Luke Woods
• Mechanical (BS) and Fire Protection Engineer (MS)
• Principal Engineer for Fire Resistance and Containment
• 7 years with UL
• Formerly employed by fireproofing product manufacturer
• Experience with testing, standards, building codes, construction
• Membership of NFPA, SFPE, ISO, ASTM
• Other association participation – Firestops, Fire Doors, Fire Dampers
etc.
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3
Who is UL?
• Accredited 3rd party testing and
certification laboratory.
• Standards development organization
(SDO).
• Research
• Quality assurance.
• Market surveillance.
• Training/consultants.
• Know by test and state the facts.
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4
UL Facts and Figures
• Founded in 1894
• 131 global laboratories.
• Over 10,000 employees.
• 1,490 current standards.
• Over 100 countries with UL
customers.
• Over 20,000 types of products
evaluated.
• 22 Billion UL Marks on products.
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Relevant Firestop Standards
Standard Type
Standard Reference
Fire Tests of Building Construction
and Materials
UL 263 (ASTM E119, ULC-S101,
ISO 834, BS 476)
Rapid Rise Fire Test of Protection
Materials for Structural Steel
UL 1709 (ASTM E1529)
Jet Fire
ISO 22899
Durability of SFRM’s
UL 2431
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UL 263
• Fourteenth edition. First edition
1929.
• Standard t-T curve
• Loading requirements – where
required.
• Standard hose stream – where
required.
• Standard conditions of acceptance
• Report of standard information.
• Reference by building codes and
local jurisdictions
• UL Categories CHPX, CDWZ,
BYBU
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CAN ULC S101
• Fourth edition. First edition 1982.
• Standard t-T curve
• Loading requirements – Limit
States Design Method
• Standard hose stream – where
required.
• Standard conditions of acceptance
• Report of standard information.
• Reference by building codes and
local jurisdictions
• UL Category CHPX7/C, CDWZ7
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UL 1709
•
Fourth Edition. First Published in
1989.
•
More intense fire and energy
exposure.
•
Environmental exposure criteria.
•
Limited scope to columns.
•
Used for onshore petrochemical
and industrial steelwork
protection.
•
Ongoing updates.
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UL 2431
•
Evaluates SFRM and IFRM fire
performance after impact,
vibration and environmental
exposure.
•
Recent revision and adoption.
•
Looking to become Certification
requirements for SFRM and IFRM.
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Jet Fire – ISO 22899
•
Simulates fire from pressurized
piping or tanking network
commonly found in oil refineries.
•
Projects a 240-300 kW/m2 heat
flux sonic gas jet fire exposure.
UL 1709 heat flux is approximately
190-220 kW/m2 .
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Full Scale Panel/Wall Furnace
Dimensions
13 feet tall
15 feet wide
Specifications
Pre-mix gas burners
Computer automated
Positive and negative pressure
tests in addition to various t-T
curves.
Adjacent hose stream station.
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Column Furnace
Dimensions
Width – 10 ft.
Height – 10 ft.
Depth – 8 ft.
Specifications
UL 263 and UL 1709 testing
Full and short sections
Non loaded chamber
Manually controlled
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13
Full Scale Floor Furnace
Dimensions
14 feet long
17 feet wide
Specifications
Premixed gas burners
Fully automated.
Designed to hit various tT curves.
Used for testing floor,
roof, short columns.
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Large Scale Floor Furnace
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Small scale panel/wall furnace
Dimensions
52 inches wide
62 inches tall
Specifications
Positive and Neutral Pressure
capable.
Standard t-T exposure curve
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Small Scale Floor Furnace
Dimensions
4 feet wide
4 feet long
2 feet deep
Dimensions
Fully automated.
Used for both UL and ULC testing.
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Data Acceptance Program
Remote testing capabilities.
Extends UL’s breadth.
Broadens means for UL Certification.
Global resources.
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UL 263 Time (t) – Temperature (T) Curve
Temperature (°F)
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
60
120
180
240
300
360
Time (s)
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420
480
UL 1709 Time (t) – Temperature (T) Curve
Temperature (°F)
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
60
120
180
240
300
360
Time (s)
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420
480
UL 263/1709 Time-Temperature Comparison
Temperature (°F)
2500
2000
1500
UL 263
UL 1709
1000
500
0
0
60
120
180
240
300
360
Time (s)
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420
480
Comparison of UL 263 to UL 1709
UL 263 – 14th ed. (1st ed. 1929)
UL 1709 – 4th ed. (1st ed. 1989)
Models wood fueled fire
Models oil fueled fire
T-t Curve – 1000°F at 5 min
T-t Curve – 2000°F at 5 min
Columns, Walls, Floors, Roofs, Beams
Columns Only
No calibration requirements
Calibration required
Optional environmental exposures
Mandatory environmental exposures
Same TC layout
Same C o A - 1000°F average and 1200°F maximum
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Conditions of Acceptance
Sustain the imposed load
Max Deflection
Max Deflection Rate
No Passage of Flame
Openings or Ignition of Cotton
Waste
Floor or Roof
250°F + Ambient Temperature Rise
Beam Temperatures
Withstand Hose Stream (Walls)
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Thermocouple Locations
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Conditions of Acceptance – UL 263
Ability to support the implied loading for the duration of the endurance
test. Beams includes max. deflection and max. rate of deflection.
Prevent thermal transmission to < 325 F on the unexposed side of the
assembly for the duration of the endurance test.
Limit steel temperatures from reaching 1100/1300°F average/max
individual for beams.
Limit steel temperatures from reaching 1000/1200°F average/max
individual for unloaded columns.
Withstand hose stream (where required).
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Full Scale Column Specimens – UL 263 and UL
1709
Structural Tube
Wide Flange
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Conditions of Acceptance – UL 263 and 1709
Full Scale
6.1 The transmission of heat through
the protection material during the
period of fire exposure for which
Classification is desired shall not
raise the average temperature at
any of the four levels of the steel
column above 1000°F (538°C)
and no thermocouple shall
indicate a temperature greater
than 1200°F (649°C).
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Small Scale Specimens
6 x 6 in. tubes.
3/16 in. wall.
2 ft. tall.
8 x 8 x ¼ in. plates.
Plates at each end.
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Conditions of Acceptance – UL 1709
Small Scale
Subjected to Simulated Environments
Comparative fire test conducted to
determine relative performance
10.1 The average temperature of the
test samples shall not exceed
1000°F (538°C) and no
thermocouple shall indicate a
temperature greater than 1200°F
(649°C) within a time equal to
three quarters of the control
sample.
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Hose Stream Test
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Hose Stream
• Measures assembly durability from impact.
• Mandated by code and test standard.
• Not required for all fire tests or fire ratings (e.g. Europe)
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Hose Stream Requirements
UL 263
•
Mandatory for walls rated over 60
minutes.
ASTM E2226
•
Exclusive method
•
Requires turn OFF assembly
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SFRM and IFRM Ratings
Fire Resistance
Restrained Assembly
Restrained Beam
Unrestrained Assembly
Unrestrained Beam
Column
Walls (Loadbearing and non-loadbearing)
Environmental Ratings
Interior General Purpose
Interior Conditioned Space
Exterior
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UL 2341 Environmental Conditions
Simulated Environment Exposure to:
• Aging
• High Humidity
• Salt Spray
• Industrial Atmosphere
• Wet/Freeze/Thaw Cycle
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Environmental Effects
Cracking
Erosion
Delamination
UV Decomposition
Chipping
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Durability and Environmental Evaluation – UL
2431
Exposure to impact, vibration and environmental condition.
Conduct fire test, either UL 263 or UL 1709.
Individual sample set shall be w/in 90% EPT of control sample.
Multiple sample set average shall be w/in 85% EPT of control sample.
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UL Certification Process
Witness Production of test material
• Provides traceability between production and test preparation
Witnessed sample preparation and application
• Ensures the correct sample is prepared
Consistent thickness readings during preparation and before testing
Fire Test
Environmental Exposure Test
Evaluation of Data Package
Final Certification
Online Certification Database Updated
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UL Fire Resistive Design
Includes:
Rating
Construction
Certified Components
Generic Components
Special Instructions
Future?
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Recent Activity
UL Industry Annual Meeting
Task groups established and routinely meet.
Task groups for UL 1709, Alternate Formulations, Topcoat
Certification
Attachments statement in UL FR Directory
Loading information – Further explanation for WSD vs. LSDM
Multi-Temperature Analysis
Revisions to UL 1709
Revision to UL Environmental Program (UL 2431)
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Multi Temperature Analysis
Provides SFRM or IFRM thicknesses for a specific temperature and time.
Not to replace current Certification criteria.
Only to be used for performance based design approaches.
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The Future
•
What do FP contractors need?
•
Testing of attachments?
•
Testing of connections between
beams and columns?
•
Routine retests?
•
New standards?
•
Updated UL FRD?
•
More participation with UL
activities:
−
Standards Development
−
Industry Meetings
−
Education Seminars
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UL Resources
UL.com (link)
UL fire resistance directory (link)
Code correlation database (link)
Architectural services (link)
archservices@us.ul.com
UL TSA/FSA Newsletters
UL Fire Wizard (link)
UL (+1.877.854.3577)
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THANK YOU
Luke Woods
508-372-9029
luke.woods@ul.com
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