Introduction to Information Systems
Chapter 9
1
Introduction to Essentials
for Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
James A. O’Brien
Chapter
9
Decision
Support
Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
James A. O’Brien
Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Introduction to Essentials for Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
2
Chapter Objectives
• Identify the changes taking place in the form
and use of decision support in e-business
enterprises.
• Identify the role and reporting alternatives of
management information systems.
• Describe how online analytical processing
can meet key information needs of
managers.
• Explain the decision support system concept
and how it differs from traditional
management information systems.
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
© 2002 McGraw-Hill Companies
Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
1
Introduction to Information Systems
James A. O’Brien
Chapter 9
Introduction to Essentials for Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
3
Chapter Objectives
• Explain how the following information systems can
support the information needs of executives,
managers, and business professionals:
– A) Executive Information Systems
– B) Enterprise Information Portals
– C) Enterprise Knowledge Portals
• Identify how neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic
algorithms, virtual reality, and intelligent agents can
be used in business.
• Give examples of several ways expert systems can
be used in business decision-making situations.
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
James A. O’Brien
Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Introduction to Essentials for Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
4
e-Business Decision Support Applications
Supply Chain
Management
Customer
Relationship
Management
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© 2002 McGraw-Hill Companies
Enterprise Performance
Monitoring
EmployeeManager/
Customer/Partner
Situation: What-if
Scenario Analysis
Knowledge/Innovation
Management
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2
Introduction to Information Systems
Chapter 9
Eleventh Edition
Introduction to Essentials for Information Systems
James A. O’Brien
5
Decisions in the e-Business
Decision Characteristics
Unstructured
Strategic
Management
De
cis
io
Tactical
Management
Structured
Operational
Management
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
James A. O’Brien
n
io
at
rm
ns
fo
In
Semi-structured
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Introduction to Essentials for Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
6
Management Information System Reports
Periodic Scheduled
Reports
Exception Reports
Major
Management
Information
Systems Reports
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© 2002 McGraw-Hill Companies
Demand Reports
and Responses
Push Reports
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Introduction to Information Systems
James A. O’Brien
Chapter 9
Introduction to Essentials for Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
7
Online Analytical Processing
Data is retrieved from corporate databases
and staged in an OLAP multi-dimensional
database
Corporate
Databases
Client PC
OLAP
Server
Multi•Operational DB
dimensional •Data Marts
database •Data Warehouse
Web-enabled OLAP
Software
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
James A. O’Brien
Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Introduction to Essentials for Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
8
Decision Support Systems
What If-Analysis
Sensitivity Analysis
Important
Decision
Support
Systems
Analytical Models
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
© 2002 McGraw-Hill Companies
Goal-Seeking Analysis
Optimization Analysis
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Introduction to Information Systems
James A. O’Brien
Chapter 9
Eleventh Edition
Introduction to Essentials for Information Systems
9
Enterprise Information Portals and DSS
Internet
Extranet
Intranet
Enterprise Information Portal Gateway
Enterprise Information Portal User Interface
Search
Agents
OLAP
Data
Mining
DSS
What-If Models
Sensitivity Models
Goal-Seeking Models
Optimization Models
Knowledge
Management
Database Management Functions
Data
Mart
Operational
Database
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
James A. O’Brien
Other
Business
Applications
Analytical
Database
Knowledge
Base
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Introduction to Essentials for Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
10
Attributes of Intelligent Behavior
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Think and reason
Use reason to solve problems
Learn or understand from experience
Acquire and apply knowledge
Exhibit creativity and imagination
Deal with complex or perplexing situations
Respond quickly and successfully to new
situations.
• Recognize the relative importance of
elements in a situation
• Handle ambiguous, incomplete,or erroneous
information
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Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Introduction to Information Systems
Chapter 9
Introduction to Essentials for Information Systems
James A. O’Brien
Eleventh Edition
11
Artificial Intelligence Applications
Artificial
Intelligence
Cognitive
Science
Applications
•Expert Systems
•Fuzzy Logic
•Genetic Algorithms
•Neural Networks
•Visual Perceptions
•Locomotion
•Navigation
•Tactility
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
James A. O’Brien
Natural
Interface
Applications
Robotics
Applications
•Natural Language
•Speech Recognition
•Multisensory Interface
•Virtual Reality
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Introduction to Essentials for Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
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AI Application Areas in Business
Neural Networks
Fuzzy Logic Systems
Genetic Algorithms
Virtual Reality
AI Application
Areas in
Business
Intelligent Agents
Expert Systems
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Introduction to Information Systems
James A. O’Brien
Chapter 9
Introduction to Essentials for Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
13
Intelligent Agents
Interface
Tutors
Search
Agents
Presentation
Agents
User
Interface
Agents
Information
Management
Agents
Information
Brokers
Network
Navigation
Agents
Information
Filters
RolePlaying
Agents
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
James A. O’Brien
Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Introduction to Essentials for Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
14
Components of Expert Systems
The Expert System
Expert
Advice
User
User
Interface
Programs
Inference
Engine
Program
Knowledge
Base
Workstation
Expert System Development
Knowledge
Engineering
Knowledge
Acquisition
Program
Workstation
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
© 2002 McGraw-Hill Companies
Expert and/or
Knowledge Engineer
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Introduction to Information Systems
James A. O’Brien
Chapter 9
Introduction to Essentials for Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
15
Expert System Applications
Decision Management
Diagnostic/Troubleshooting
Maintenance/Scheduling
Design/Configuration
Major
Application
Categories
of Expert Systems
Selection/Classification
Process Monitoring/Control
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
James A. O’Brien
Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Introduction to Essentials for Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
16
Chapter Summary
• Decision support systems in business are
changing. The growth of corporate intranets,
extranets, and other web technologies have
increased the demand for a variety of
personalized, proactive, web-enabled analytical
techniques to support DSS.
• Information systems must support a variety of
management decision-making levels and
decisions. These include the three levels of
management activity: strategic, tactical, and
operational.
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
© 2002 McGraw-Hill Companies
Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Introduction to Information Systems
James A. O’Brien
Chapter 9
Introduction to Essentials for Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
17
Chapter Summary (cont)
• Online analytical processing is used to analyze
complex relationships among large amounts of
data stored in multidimensional databases.
Data mining analyzes large stores of historical
data contained in data warehouses.
• Decision support systems are interactive
computer-based information systems that use
DSS software and a model base to provide
information to support semi-structured and
unstructured decision making.
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
James A. O’Brien
Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Introduction to Essentials for Information Systems
Eleventh Edition
18
Chapter Summary (cont)
• The major application domains in
artificial intelligence include a variety of
applications in cognitive sciences,
robotics, and natural interfaces.
• Major AI application areas include:
– Neural Networks
– Fuzzy Logic
– Genetic Algorithms
– Virtual Reality
– Intelligent Agents
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
© 2002 McGraw-Hill Companies
Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
9