780 CMR: 9th Edition Massachusetts State Building Code
CSI Boston Chapter MED|Ed Facilities, Number S009
DATE: April 26-27, 2016
Continuing Education
Best Practice
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© Cosentini Associates, 2016
Brief Course Description
Massachusetts will be adopting the 2015 I-Codes, including an amended
version of the 2015 International Building Code (IBC) as the new 9th edition
780 Code of Massachusetts Regulations (CMR). This new edition of the
building code is anticipated to take effect in early 2016. This presentation
will highlight some of the major and impactful changes between the 2009 ICodes and the 2015 I-Codes with a focus on Chapters 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, and 30 of
the IBC.
Learning Objectives
• Become familiar with the reorganization of frequently used code sections
between the 2009 IBC and 2015 IBC.
• Review substantial changes that will impact projects that have not
received a permit. Topics will include MEP and life safety.
• Understand added special inspection requirements that are required
during Construction Administration.
• Recognize significant International Mechanical Code (IMC) requirements
that will impact ventilation in residential units.
Course Overview
• Review impactful changes to the base language
between the 2009 and 2015 I-Codes
• 2015 International Building Code
• 2015 International Existing Building Code
• 2015 International Mechanical Code
• 2015 International Energy Conservation Code
• 2013 ASHRAE Standard 90.1
• Grace Period, no longer
• 2012 Jurisdictions
Chapter 1: Conflicting Provisions between Codes and
Standards
2015 IBC Section 102.4
• 102.4.1 Conflicts. Where conflicts occur
between provisions of this code and
referenced codes and standards, the
provisions of this code shall apply.
• 102.4.2 Provisions in Referenced Codes
and Standards. Where the extent of the
reference to a referenced code or
standard includes subject matter that is
within the scope of this code or the
International Codes listed in Section
101.4, the provisions of this code or the
International codes listed in Section 101.4,
as applicable, shall take precedence over
the provisions in the referenced code or
standard.
Chapter 1: Flood Zones
2015 IBC Section 104.2.1
• 104.2.1 Determination of substantially improved or substantially damaged
existing buildings and structures in flood hazard areas. For applications for
reconstruction, rehabilitation, repair, alteration, addition or other improvement of
existing buildings or structures located in flood hazard areas, the building official
shall determine if the proposed work constitutes substantial improvement or
repair of substantial damage. Where the building official determines that the
proposed work constitutes substantial improvement or repair or substantial
damage and where required by this code, the building official shall require the
building to meet the requirements of Section 1612.
• Section 1612 references Flood Loads.
• Substantially Improved and Substantially Damaged are defined in Chapter 2 and
by Federal Regulations.
• A substantial improvement is work that equals or exceeds 50% of the market
value of the building.
Chapter 1: Change of Use or Occupancy
2009 IBC Section 111.1
• No building or structure shall be used or
occupied, and no change in the existing
occupancy classification of a building or
structure or portion thereof shall be
made, until the building official has
issued a certificate of occupancy
therefore as provided herein.
2015 IBC Section 111.1
• No building or structure shall be used or
occupied, and no change in the existing use or
occupancy classification of a building or
structure or portion thereof shall be made,
until the building official has issued a
certificate of occupancy therefore as provided
herein.
Chapter 4: Egress Travel Through an Atrium
2015 IBC Section 404.9 Exit Access
Travel Distance
 Egress not through an atrium shall
comply with Section 1017
 Egress through an atrium at the level of
discharge shall comply with Section
1017
 Egress through an atrium not at the
level of discharge shall not exceed 200
feet
 Maximum of 50% of interior exit
stairways are permitted to egress
through an atrium on the level of
discharge
Chapter 5: General Building Height and Area Limitations
2009 IBC
2015 IBC
 503.1 General. The building height and 
area shall not exceed the limits
specified in Table 503…
503.1 General. Unless otherwise specifically
modified in Chapter 4 and this chapter,
building height, number of stories and
building area shall not exceed the limits
specified in Sections 504 and 506…
Chapter 5: General Building Height and Area Limitations
Chapter 5: General Building Height and Area Limitations
Chapter 5: General Building Height and Area Limitations
Chapter 5: Incidental Uses-General Provisions
2009 IBC
 508.2.5 Separation of incidental
accessory occupancies. The incidental
accessory occupancies listed in Table
508.2.5 shall be separated from the
remainder of the building or be equipped
with an automatic fire-extinguishing
system, or both, in accordance with Table
508.2.5.
2015 IBC
 509.1 General. Incidental uses located
within single occupancy or mixed
occupancy buildings shall comply with
the provisions of this section. Incidental
uses are ancillary functions associated
with a given occupancy that generally
pose a greater level of risk to that
occupancy and are limited to those uses
listed in Table 509.
Chapter 5: Incidental Uses-General Provisions
Chapter 5: Horizontal Building Separation
2009 IBC
 Section 509.2 Condition 2.
 The building below the horizontal
assembly is no more than one story
above grade plane.
2015 IBC
 Section 510.2
 Condition 2, which limits the height
of the building below the horizontal
assembly, is deleted.
Chapter 6 – One-Hour Substitution
Table 601, Footnote d: An approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section
903.3.1.1 shall be allowed to be substituted for 1-hour fire-resistance rated construction,
provided such system is not otherwise required by other provisions of the code OR used for
an allowable area increase in accordance with Section 506.3 or an allowable height increase
in accordance with Section 504.2. The 1-hour substitution for the fire resistance of exterior
walls shall not be permitted.
Chapter 7: Structural Stability of Fire Walls
2009 IBC
 706.2 Structural stability. Fire walls shall
have sufficient structural stability under
fire conditions to allow collapse of
construction on either side without
collapse of the wall for the duration of
time indicated by the required fireresistance rating.
2015 IBC
 706.2 Structural Stability. Fire walls shall
be designed and constructed to allow
collapse of the structure on either side
without collapse of the wall under fire
conditions. Fire walls designed and
constructed in accordance with NFPA 221
shall be deemed to comply with this
section.
Chapter 7: Vertical Openings
• Vertical openings in Section 708 of the 2009 IBC have been moved to Section 712.
• There was a significant reformatting of vertical openings between the 2009 and 2012 IBC. The
code now places an emphasis on the presence of vertical openings rather than on shaft
enclosures, recognizing that the use of shaft enclosures is just one of many acceptable
protective measures that can be utilized to address the hazards related to vertical openings.
Chapter 7: Membrane Penetrations
Section 713.4.1.2 in 2009 IBC
moved to Section 714.4.2 in 2015
IBC and two exceptions are
added:
6. Noncombustible items that are cast
into concrete building elements and that
do not penetrate both top and bottom
surfaces of the element.
7. The ceiling membrane of 1- and 2-hour
fire-resistance-rated horizontal
assemblies is permitted to be interrupted
with the double wood top plate of a wall
assembly that is sheathed with Type X
gypsum wallboard, provided that all
penetrating items through the double
top plates are protected in accordance
with Section 714.1.1 or 714.4.1.2 and the
ceiling membrane is tight to the top
plates.
Chapter 7: Ducts Transitioning between Shafts
Section 717.1.1 Ducts and Air
Transfer Openings. Ducts
transitioning horizontally between
shafts shall not require a shaft
enclosure provided that the duct
penetration into each associated
shaft is protected with dampers
comply with this section.
Ducts are now expressly allowed
to exit a shaft, transition
horizontally, and enter another
shaft without continuous shaft
construction.
Chapter 10: Reorganization
KEY
Yellow – Reorganization
Green – Addition
Blue – Deletion
Chapter 10: Sections 1006 and 1007
Provisions in Sections 1014, 1015 and 1021 in the 2009 IBC relocated to
Sections 1006 and 1007 in 2015 IBC. Provisions include:
 Numbers of exits and exit access doorways
 Exit and exit access doorway configuration
Chapter 10: Section 1007
1007.1.1 Measurement Point. The separation distance required in Section 1007.1.1 shall
be measured in accordance with the following:
1. The separation distance to exit or exit access doorways shall be measured to any point
along the width of the doorway.
2. The separation distance to exit access stairways shall be measured to the closest riser.
3. The separation distance to exit access ramps shall be measured to the start of the ramp
run.
Chapter 10: Stairs
Exit Access Stairway. An interior stairway that is not a required interior exit stairway.
Interior Exit Stairway. An exit component that serves to meet one or more means of
egress design requirements, such as required number of exits or exit access travel
distance, and provides for a protected path of egress travel to the exit discharge or
public way.
Chapter 10: Stairway Extension
2009 IBC
 1022.2.1 Extension. Interior exit
stairways and ramps are extended
to an exit discharge or a public way
by an exit passageway. The interior
exit stairway and ramp shall be
separated from the exit passageway
by a fire barrier constructed in
accordance with Section 707 or a
horizontal assembly constructed in
accordance with Section 711, or
both.
2015 IBC
 1023.3.1 Exception 2. Separation
between an interior exit stairway or
ramp and the exit passageway
extension shall not be required where
there are no openings into the exit
passageway extension.
Chapter 14: Water-Resistive Barriers
2015 IBC Section 1403.5
Vertical and lateral flame propagation.
Exterior walls on buildings of Type I, II, III
or IV construction that are greater than 40
feet (12,192 mm) in height above grade
plane and contain a combustible waterresistive barrier shall be tested in
accordance with and comply with the
acceptance criteria of NFPA 285. For the
purposes of this section, fenestration
products and flashing of fenestration
products shall not be considered part of
the water-resistive barrier.
Exceptions:
Walls in which the water-resistive barrier is the
only combustible component and:
1. The exterior wall has a wall covering of brick,
concrete, stone, terra cotta, stucco or steel
with minimum thicknesses in accordance
with Table 1305.2.
2. The water-resistive barrier has a
• Peak heat release rate < 150 kW/m2
• Total heat release < 20 MJ/m2
• Effective heat of combustion < 18 MJ/kg
• Flame spread index < 25
• Smoke-developed index < 450
Chapter 30: Elevator Lobbies
2009 IBC Section 708.14.1
 Lobbies shall be provided where shaft
enclosure connects >3 stories
 Lobby enclosure shall separate elevator shaft
enclosure doors from each floor by fire
partitions
2015 IBC Section 3006
 Hoistway protection required where:
 No automatic sprinkler system
 Building contains Group I-1, I-2 or
I-3 occupancy
 High-rise building with hoistway
connecting >3 stories
 Hoistway protection includes:
 Enclosed elevator lobbies
 Additional door complying with
Section 716.5.3.1
 Hoistway pressurization
Chapter 30: Standpipe Access
2009 IBC
 3007.5 Standpipe Hose Connection. A Class I
standpipe hose connection in accordance with
section 905 shall be provided in the exit enclosure
having direct access from the fire service access
elevator lobby.
2015 IBC
 3007.10 Standpipe Hose Connection. A
Class I standpipe hose connection in
accordance with section 905 shall be
provided in the interior exit stairway and
ramp having direct access from the fire
service access elevator lobby.
 3007.10.1 Access. The exit enclosure
containing the standpipe shall have access
to the floor without passing through the
fire service access elevator lobby.
International Energy Conservation Code
2015 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC)
Chapter 4 – Commercial Energy Efficiency
• Section 401: General
• Section 402: Building Envelope Requirements
• Section 403: Building Mechanical Envelope
• Section 404: Service Water Heating
• Section 405: Electric Power and Lighting Systems
• Section 406: Additional Efficiency Package Options
• Section 407: Total Building Performance
• Section 408: System Commissioning
Section C401: General
C401.2 Application
 Additional requirements of Section 406 “Additional Energy Package Options”
have been added to the prescriptive compliance method
 Total Building Performance compliance method requires the building energy
cost to be no more than 85% of the standard reference design building
Section C402: Building Envelope Requirements
Table C402.1.4 Opaque Thermal Envelope Assembly
 Walls Above Grade: U-value for metal buildings change from 0.069 to 0.052
 Heated Slabs: F-factor changes from 0.86 to from 0.65
 Unheated Slabs: F-factor changes from 0.73 to from 0.54
C402.4.1 Fenestration Maximum Area
 Maximum vertical fenestration area is limited to 30% (reduction from
previous 40%) with increase to 40% when automatic daylight control is
provided)
C402.5 Air Leakage – Thermal envelope
 Continues air barrier throughout the building thermal envelope;
requirement is now in the code
 Fenestration air leakage criteria are established and testing standards
are identified
Section C403: Building Mechanical Systems
Table C403.2.3 Minimum Efficiency Requirements
 Increase in minimum efficiency requirements of the HVAC Equipment
C403.2.6.1 Demand Controlled Ventilation
 Occupancy of the spaces requiring DCV is reduced from 40 to 25 people per
1000 SF
C403.2.Energy Recovery Ventilation Systems
 No longer based on system capacity >5000 CFM and %% OA>70%. Now
depends on annual hours of operation (< or > than 8000 hours), climate
zone, system capacity and % of outside air. For ventilation systems operating
over 8000 hours per year (i.e. residential ventilation) in Massachusetts
energy recovery is required for ALL system capacities, with ANY % of outside
air
C403.3.1&2 Economizer Control
 Two-position economizer control is no longer allowed
Section C403: Building Mechanical Systems
2007
2013
Section C405: Electrical Power and Lighting Systems
C405.1 Electric Power and Lighting Systems – General
 In dwelling units in commercial buildings minimum number of lighting
fixtures containing high efficiency lamps is increased from 50% to 75%
C405.2 Lighting controls
 The lighting control requirements are significantly expanded
 Lighting controls required include occupancy sensors, time control, daylight
responsive controls, accent lighting controls, exterior lighting controls
C405.2.3 Daylight - Responsive Controls
 Except for healthcare and dwelling and sleeping units daylight responsive
controls are required for all spaces with more than 150W of general lighting
 Excludes decorative lighting, sleeping areas, patient areas in health care
Section C405: Electrical Power and Lighting Systems
C405.4 Interior Lighting Power Requirements
 A Space-by-Space Method of compliance is introduced in addition to the
Building Area Method of compliance
 LPD allowances have been reduced (i.e. office building went from 0.9 to 0.82
w/sf)
ASHRAE 90.1 - 2013: Electrical Power and Lighting Systems
•
•
Zones for exterior lighting are added
Garages required to have automatic shutoff and dimming
Section C405: Electrical Power and Lighting Systems
Control requirements for
exterior lighting
Section C406: Additional Efficiency Package Options
C406.1 Requirements
 Prescriptive compliance method will in addition require the building to
comply with one of the following:
• Increase efficiency of HVAC equipment by 10% above minimum
requirements
• Reduce LPD to 90% of code allowance
• Enhanced digital lighting controls
• Generate on-site renewable energy - no less than 0.5 watts per SF of
conditioned area
• Dedicated Outdoor Air System (DOAS) with supply air temperature
reset control
 High Efficiency Service Water Heating – no less than 60% of hot water
requirements to be satisfied by waste heat recovery or solar water
heating system
Section C407: Total Building Performance
Total Building Performance compliance method requires the building energy cost to be no
more than 85% of the standard reference design building
Section C407: Total Building Performance
Example:
Section C407: Total Building Performance
Example:
•
Key ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013 Baseline Modeling Inputs
• ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013 Appendix G
• WWR 40%
• Glazing Type – Double Pane
• U-Glass = 0.42
• SHGC = 0.40
• Mechanical System – Floor by Floor Chilled Water VAV with Hot Water Heating
• LPD = 0.82 (Per ASHRAE 90.1 – 2013)
• Boiler 82% Efficient
• Chiller 0.585 kw/Ton Full Load and 0.380 IPLV
• Miscellaneous Load (Office Power) 1.06 W/GSF
Section C407: Total Building Performance
Example:
Baseline
FANS
10%
HOT WTR
3%
LIGHTS
20%
PUMPS
8%
COOLING
13%
EQUIP
22%
HEATING
24%
Section C407: Total Building Performance
Example:
• Proposed Building Modeling Iterations
• Increase WWR 60% with ASHRAE Baseline Glass
• Improve Glazing – Triple Pane (Viracon VE1-85)
•
•
•
•
U-winter = 0.14
U-summer = 0.14
SHGC = 0.44
VT = 65%
• Condensing Boiler Plant – 95% Seasonal Efficiency
• Magnetic Bearing (Or Equivalent) Chiller 0.548 kw/Ton Full Load and 0.314
IPLV
• Enthalpy Wheel Ventilation Air Energy Recovery 65% Efficiency
• Daylight Harvesting
Section C407: Total Building Performance
Example:
U-value (Double paned)
Panel Spacing
Shadow box
height
2’ 6”
3’ 9”
5’
2’
0.086
0.082
0.078
3’
0.08
0.075
0.072
4’
0.074
0.070
0.068
U-value (Triple paned)
Panel Spacing
Shadow box
height
2’ 6”
3’ 9”
5’
2’
0.084
0.078
0.074
3’
0.077
0.071
0.067
4’
0.071
0.066
0.062
Section C407:
Total Building
Performance
Example:
Section C407: Total Building Performance
Example: Energy Recovery Baseline
Where the largest
source of air exhausted
at a single location at
the building exterior is
less than 75% of the
design outdoor airflow
rate
Total Building Performance Residential / Mixed Use
Total Building Performance Residential / Mixed Use
Section C407: Total Building Performance
Example: Energy Recovery Baseline
Systems requiring
dehumidification that employ
energy recovery in series with
the cooling coil
Section C408: System Commissioning
The IECC now requires commissioning of the mechanical and electrical
systems
International Mechanical Code
2015 International Mechanical Code (IMC)
306.5 Equipment and Appliances on Roofs or Elevated Structures
 Permanent access is required to equipment and appliances on a roof or
elevated structure higher than 16 feet above grade
401.2 Ventilation Required
 Mechanical ventilation is required in the dwelling units if
infiltration is less than 5 ACH when tested in accordance with IECC.
Maximum envelope leakage allowed by IEEC is less than 0.4
CFM/SF which typically will result in less than 5 ACH. Mechanical
ventilation implicitly is required for all residential dwelling units
401.4 Intake Opening Locations
 Minimum clearance between an air intake opening and any public way
is measured from the opening to the lot line, not center line of the
public way
2015 International Mechanical Code (IMC)
Example of exterior wall leakage rate 0.4 CFM/SF of exterior skin VS 5 AC/hr
for allowable natural ventilation of residential units
Chapter 2 International Mechanical Code
2009 IMC
2015 IMC
ENVIRONMENTAL AIR. Air that is conveyed
to or from occupied areas through ducts
which are not part of the heating or airconditioning system, such as ventilation for
human usage, domestic kitchen range
exhaust, bathroom exhaust, and domestic
clothes dryer exhaust.
ENVIRONMENTAL AIR. Air that is conveyed
to or from occupied areas through ducts
which are not part of the heating or airconditioning system, such as ventilation for
human usage, domestic kitchen range
exhaust, bathroom exhaust, domestic
clothes dryer exhaust, and parking garage
exhaust.
• Further clarifies that parking garage exhaust outlets can be 3 feet from a property line,
3 feet from operable windows and 10 feet from mechanical air intakes.
2015 IMC - Continuation
404.1 Enclosed Parking garages ventilation
 CO detectors are required to be used in conjunction with NO2
detectors
505 Domestic Kitchen Exhaust
 Where ducted hoods are used, they should be exhausted
independent of all other systems. The cleanout shall be provided at
the bottom of the shaft; no offsets of ductwork in the shafts
(similar to dryer exhaust)
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