SFERA Winter School Solar Fuels & Materials Page 267 ! " #$%&' ()*+ ) ,% - ( ) (!&( !) ). ) )/ !&( ) )0)1 ) 1 +) ) &+ 2+ 3 & & ) & SFERA Winter School Solar Fuels & Materials Page 268 , ) )1 (4!11.πυρ/ ) ) ) .1+$$$/ . / 1 .(!(/+5 &! " +& !!01 0 ε116ε ε116ε ' 7 .(&( /,) (!&( .+/λ &! +)+4+) !1& )ε 8*+ 9α6ε6 ε61./ 1 9 :6;$<=> :6$;==? ,41 & ' 9& SFERA Winter School Solar Fuels & Materials Page 269 @4+) μ 1 ? A ! (& 1' λ'6=B<$=μ?0 !:. /,) ) !!&( ). / 8& . 4!/ .+ / SFERA Winter School Solar Fuels & Materials Page 270 & ) ,) ) 119λCλ&ε6ε 111D?(& ((1D<E.DE/ ε6ε ε6εF F ε6ε F ε6ε λ6$;=μ !&( ) ) & ) ) ( . !&( /8 ! 4!1 & )8 ,6)1 ))()!&( . / 1 1 SFERA Winter School Solar Fuels & Materials Page 271 ,( ::# ( 1 )11 & 1 : Dσ Dσ D σ ,'% SFERA Winter School Solar Fuels & Materials Page 272 ,'%% ,'%%% G SFERA Winter School Solar Fuels & Materials Page 273 ) ) !4 ,0)1 )!4 1 ' 10 +11 ) ( ! +) ) ' + + $;=μ0=μ 900!!!$! ! !$0! ()$ @,) ) 1 .H-:-/ )) +1!4( 8!&( (0 ! ) + )+.!+ 1 / 6 ε 6$= 6B? Δ6I? H-:-+& 1 +))(ε11 SFERA Winter School Solar Fuels & Materials Page 274 .J*/ 1' .1 / +) ) + SFERA Winter School Solar Fuels & Materials Page 275 ,+ 1 ,0)1 ) F 1& 11 .KL01%/ ' 1) +! 1!! )+4. / !( 2#+ 3 2,) 3 L0 %' +1 ./ ./ % SFERA Winter School Solar Fuels & Materials Page 276 () 11 %' ( .1/ ' 9 %' 9 % % ωω 6%' 6.%' I% / 6 1 ( (&% + K4↔ 0,11: ) &%' J ω ) 1 1 .λ/ ω 1+ SFERA Winter School Solar Fuels & Materials Page 277 ,11: -M - + 1%' %' 9E +9E 9;E 9E 9E λA6μ εA6$<; %A' 6 A6? λ6μ ε6$B< %' 6; 6;? %A' 6%' %A 6% % %' I% ) ) 2+ 3 :& 9& )% ()0 " ( +) H .α-;/ ) μ ε 6$;±$; SFERA Winter School Solar Fuels & Materials Page 278 :& 9& )%% - 6? ;-Nα-; ε6$ H ( ( 6? ε6$ & ) (!&( ) )9 9;E>? SFERA Winter School Solar Fuels & Materials Page 279 E 900!!!$4+1$0010,) +4$1 :& ( 1 & ) ε 6ε -?7 ε 6ε11 ( (8 1 ! ! ) +4+) ε 6 -?7 %' + ε 6α 66 6! SFERA Winter School Solar Fuels & Materials Page 280 2nd SFERA Winter School March 24-25, 2011 1. P.B. Coates; Wavelength Specification In Optical and Photoelectric Pyrometry; Metrologia, 13, 1, (1977). 2. P.B. Coates; Multi-Wavelength Pyrometry; Metrologia, 17, 103, (1981). 3. P.C. Nordine; The Accuracy Of Multicolor Optical Pyrometry; High Temp. Sci., 21, 97, (1986). 4. J.W. Hahn and C.H. Rhee; Calculation of Temperature Error In A 2color Pyrometer Designed With the Reference Wavelength Method; Appl. Optics, 27, 1916, (1988). 5. M.A. Khan, C. Allemand and T.W. Eagar; Noncontact TemperatureMeasurement. 1. Interpolation Based Techniques; Rev. Sci. Instrum., 62, 392, (1991). 6. M.A. Khan, C. Allemand and T.W. Eagar; Noncontact TemperatureMeasurement. 2. Least-Squares Based Techniques; Rev. Sci. Instrum., 62, 403, (1991). 7. M. Schubnell, H.R. Tschudi, P. Kuhn and H. Ries; Reflectivity as a Probe for Chemical Reactions; P. Indian AS.-Chem. Sci., 105, 671, (1993). 8. D. Hernandez, G. Olalde, A. Beck and E. Milcent; Bicolor pyroreflectometer using an optical fiber probe; Rev. Sci. Instrum., 66, 5548, (1995). 9. M. Schubnell, H.R. Tschudi and Ch. Muller; Temperature measurement under concentrated radiation; Sol. Energy, 58, 69, (1996). 10. H.R. Tschudi and M. Schubnell; Measuring temperatures in the presence of external radiation by flash assisted multiwavelength pyrometry; Rev. Sci. Instrum., 70, 2719, (1999). 11. H.R. Tschudi, M. Schubnell and Ch. Muller; Measuring temperatures on absorbers irradiated in a solar furnace by flash assisted multi-wavelength pyrometry (FAMP); J. Phys. IV , 9, 629, (1999). 12. I. Alxneit, St. Eckhoff, M. Schubnell and H.R. Tschudi; Determination of the spectral emittance in the visible range at high temperatures supported by laser heating; Proceedings of the ISES Solar World Congress, 1, 372, (1999). 13. O. Rozenbaum, D.D. Meneses, Y. Auger, S. Chermanne and P. Echegut; A spectroscopic method to measure the spectral emissivity of semi-transparent materials up to high temperature; Rev. Sci. Instrum., 70, 4020 (1999). 14. D. Ng and G. Fralick; Use of a multiwavelength pyrometer in several elevated temperature aerospace applications; Rev. Sci. Instrum., 72, 1522, (2001). 15. H.R. Tschudi and G. Morian; Pyrometric temperature measurements in solar furnaces; J. Sol. Energ.-T. ASME , 123, 164, (2001). 16. B. Bittnar, W. Durisch, J.-C. Mayor and H.R. Tschudi; Characterization of rare earth selective emitters for thermophotovoltaic applications; Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C., 73, 221, (2002). 1-2 Dr. I. Alxneit, PSI SFERA Winter School Solar Fuels & Materials Page 281 2nd SFERA Winter School March 24-25, 2011 17. M. Musella, S. Eckhoff S, H.R. Tschudi and I. Alxneit; Development of an apparatus for the determination of spectral reflectivity at high temperatures in the visible; Int. J. Thermophys., 23, 1303, (2002). 18. N. Rohner and A. Neumann; Measurement of high temperatures in the DLR solar furnace by UV-B detection; J. Sol. Energ.-T. ASME , 125, 152, (2003). 19. M. Musella, I. Alxneit and H.R. Tschudi; Flash Assisted Multi-Wavelength Pyrometry (FAMP); Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Temperature and Thermal Measurements in Industry and Sciences (TEMPMEKO), 1, 551, (2004). 20. D. Hernandez, G. Olalde, J.M. Gineste and C. Gueymard, C.; Analysis and experimental results of solar-blind temperature measurements in solar furnaces; J. Sol. Energ.-T. ASME , 126, 645, (2004). 21. A.P. Freid, P.K. Johnson, M. Musella, R. Muller, J.E. Steinbrenner and J. E. and R.D. Palumbo; Solar blind pyrometer temperature measurements in high temperature solar thermal reactors: A method for correcting the system-sensor cavity reflection error; J. Sol. Energ.-T. ASME , 127, 86, (2005). 22. Ch. Guesdon, I. Alxneit, H.R. Tschudi, D. Wuillemin and M. Sturzenegger; 1 kW imaging furnace with in situ measurement of surface temperature; Rev. Sci. Instrum., 77, 035102, (2006). 23. M. Pfänder, E. Lüpfert and P. Heller; Pyrometric temperature measurements on solar thermal high temperature receivers; J. Sol. Energ.-T. ASME , 128, 285, (2006). 24. L. del Campo, R.B. Perez-Saez, X. Esquisabel, I. Fernandez and M.J. Tello; New experimental device for infrared spectral directional emissivity measurements in a controlled environment; Rev. Sci. Instrum., 77, 113111, (2006). 25. M. Pfänder, E. Lüpfert and P. Pistor, P.; Infrared temperature measurements on solar trough absorber tubes; Sol. Energy, 81, 629, (2007). 26. D. Hernandez, J.L. Sans and M. Pfänder; Pyroreflectometry to determine the true temperature and optical properties of surfaces; J. Sol. Energ.-T. ASME , 130, 031003, (2008). 27. A.N. Magunov; Spectral pyrometry (Review); Instrum. Exp. Tech., 52, 451, (2009). 28. N.B. Crane; Pyrometric Temperature Measurement in Concentrated Sunlight With Emissivity Determination; J. Sol. Energ.-T. ASME , 132, 11007, (2010). 29. I. Alxneit; Measuring temperatures in a high concentration solar simulator — Demonstration of the principle; Sol. Energy, 85, 516, (2011). 2-2 Dr. I. Alxneit, PSI