o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy
ap@g~ @p`qE b#[Wm
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy: ap@g~ @p`qE b#[Wm
@mw#n~ ptn~ iqQrQyt,
m` o|s~@tY|lQy`vt sh ehQ jnw`vt p]p`wW vn bvtw~,
ovEn~@g~ pYj`wn~wYv`qW vQX~v`syn~ m` @bq`hq` gn~n` bvtw~,
ovEn~@g~ ayQwWn~ sh nQqhst m` gr# krn bvtw~, e@s~m
ovEn~@g~ nWwWn~ m` pQLQgn~n` sh gr# krn bvtw~, @qvQyn~ vhn~@s~ iqQrQ@y~ pYwQZ` @qmQ.
www.citizenship.gov.au
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy
ap@g~ @p`qE b#[Wm
“ob ht o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ vQx`gy ht @pnW sQtWmt avX& sQyUm @w`rwOr# @mm @p`@whQ a#wOlw~ kr a#w. ob vQsQn~ pErv#sQ
prW]Ny s[h` @pnW sQtWmt @vnw~ kQsQm pEq~gl@ykO@gn~ @h`~ sAvQ{`nykQn~ kQsQqE p#@k~jyk~ mQlqW g#nWm @h`~ lb` g#nWm avX& @n`@v|.
pErv#sQ vQx`gy smw~vWmt ob ht upk`r vn bvt qk~vn kQsQm p#@k~jyk~ @qp`r\w@m|n~wOv mgQn~ anEmw @n`kryQ.”
© Commonwealth of Australia 2009
@mhQ sQyU hQmQkm| a#vQrQNQ. ob@g~ pEq~glQk, v`NQj @n`vn x`vQwy s[h` @h`~ ob@g~ a`ywny wOl x`vQwy s[h` @my @vns~
@n`kr (@mm q#n~vWm shQwv) avpwny kQrWm (download), pYqr\Xny kQrWm, mEqYNy kQrWm sh pQtpw~ kQrWm kl h#kQy. 1968
kw^ hQmQkm| pnw (Copyright Act 1968) yt@w~ avsr qW a#wQ x`vQwyn~ s[h` h#r a@nkOw~ sQyUm x`vQwyn~ whnm|@v|.
Requests for further authorisation should be directed to the:
Commonwealth Copyright Administration
Copyright Law Branch
Attorney-General’s Department
Robert Garran Offices
National Circuit
Barton ACT 2600
f#k~s~: 02 6250 5989
I@m|l~: commonwealth.copyright@ag.gov.au
pYk`Xyt pw~ krn lq~@q~ 6 Chan Street Belconnen ACT 2617 hQ sAkYmN sh pErv#sQ @qp`r\w@m|n~wO@v|
(Department of Immigration and Citizenship) j`wQk sn~nQ@v|qn X`K`v (National Communications) mgQnQ
ISBN 978-1-92446-96-2
vgkW@mn~ b#h#rvWm:
@mm pYk`Xn@y~ mQygQy ay sm|bn~{ C`y`r$p sh/@h`~ kr#NE a#wQ bvt a#@b`rQjQnl~ (a`qQv`sW) sh @t`~rs~ s~@tY|t| qRpw~v`sW
(Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander) p`Tkyn~ ht @myQn~ avv`q @k@r\.
ptEn
obt pNQvEdyk~
3
vQx`g krn @k`ts
1 vn @k`ts - o|s~@tY|lQy`v sh ehQ jnw`v
8
2 vn @k`ts - o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pYj`wn~wYv`qW vQX~v`syn~, ayQwQv`sQkm| sh nQqhs
16
3 vn @k`ts - rjy sh o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| nWwQy
22
vQx`g krn @k`ts sm|bn~{ p`rx`;Qwy
30
34
4 vn @k`ts - aq o|s~@tY|lQy`v
38
5 vn @k`ts - ap@g~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE v^w~w`n~wy
54
vQx`g @n`krn @k`ts sm|bn~{ p`rx`;Qwy
72
v#dQ vQs~wr s[h`
74
76
pEhENEvWm s[h` a`qr\X pYX~n
vQx`g @n`krn @k`ts
s~wOwQy
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy ynE awQmhw~ pYwQl`x lb` @qn vrpYs`qykQ.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ@ykO vWm mgQn~ ob aq~vWwWy j`wQk pYj`vk~ h` ek~@v|.
obt pNQvEdyk~
o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `nE pErv#sQ@ykOvm
W t wWrNy kQrm
W sm|bn~{@yn~ ap@g~ XOx
p#wOm.| aUw~ rtk jWvw~vm
W t sh pErv#sQ@ykO vX@yn~ sm`j@y~
jWvw~vm
W t @@{r\&y, uw~s`hy sh k#p vWm avX&y. ap@g~ s`mk`mW sh
pYj`wn~wv
Y `qW sm`jyt ob vQsn
Q ~ lb`@qn q`ykw~vy apQ agy krmE.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy ob@g~ sAkYmN v^w~w`n~w@y~ v#qgw~
pQyvrkQ. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ@ykOvWm mgQn~ ob o|s~@tY|lQy`vt sh
o|s~@tY|lQy`v @pnW sQtQn s$m kr#Nk~ sm|bn~{@yn~m nQrn~wr k#p
kQrWmk~ sQqE kryQ. e@s~m @my o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pYj`v wOl ob@g~ nQym
s`m`jQkw~v@y~ a`rm|xyyQ. @m| pQyvr mgQn~ obt ‘mm o|s~@tY|lQy`nE
j`wQk@ykO’ yn~n kWmt h#kQvnE a#w.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy ynE awQ vQX`l pYwQl`x lb`@qn vrpYs`qykQ.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQykO vWm mgQn~ ob aq~vWwWy j`wQk pYj`vk~ h`
sm|bn~{@v|. ap@g~ @q~Xy @g`dn#gW a#w~@w~ ap@g~ a`qQv`sW jnw`v
sh psEk`lWnv nn~ @qsQn~ @mrtt p#mQNQ ay@g~ q`ykw~v@ynQ. @mm
vQvQ{w~vy apQ smrN awrm e~k~sw~ sh s`mk`mW j`wQyk~ sm|bn~{
prQXYmyk @yqW sQtQmE.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pYj`v@g~ Xk~wQy ynE ap@g~ g#tU nQr`krNy kr g#nWmt
sh ap@g~ rt @X~Y;~T o|s~@tY|lQy`vk~ kr g#nWmt ap ek~v ktyEwO
kQrWmyQ. ap swOv s~}`vr a`N~dE kYmyk~ a#wQ awr rj@y~ a{Qk`rQyt
sh nWwWn~t o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ gr# kryQ. ap@g~ s~}`vr bv, ap@g~
sAs~k^wQy sh ap@g~ nWwWn~ h#dg#sW a#w~@w~ ap@g~ iwQh`sy mgQnQ.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pYj`v h` sm|bn~{vWm mgQn~ ob @mm iwQh`syt ur#mkm|
kQyn awr eyt q`yk vWmt obt avs~}`v s#l@snE a#w.
o|s~@tY|lQy`v p#rNQ bQmkQ. ey awQ vQX`l vn awr aq~vWwWy@v|.
@my v#sQ vn`n~wr sh vn l#h#b @mn~m s~vr\Nmy @vrL sh
vQyLQ k`n~w`rq a#wQ @q~XykQ. ap@g~ a`qQv`sW sAs~k^wQy @l`v q#nt
pvwQn pEr`Nwm sAs~k^wQy@v|. ap e@s~m wr#N j`wQyk~ vn awr
sAkYmNQkyn~@gn~ @g`d n#gONE j`wQykQ. yE@r`~pQy`nE jn`v`s
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| 1788 qW a#rBENE awr aUwQn~ p#mQ@Nn sAkYmNQkyn~
apQ aqtw~ pQLQgnQmE. rtvl~ 200 kt a{Qk sAK&`vkQn~ p#mQNQ ay
o|s~@tY|lQy`v sQy nQ@vs kr@gn a#w. @mhQ pYwQPlyk~ vX@yn\ ap@g~
sm`jy @l`~k@y~ a#wQ vd`w~m vQvQ{w~v@yn~ yEw~ sm`jy vW a#w.
o|s~@tY|lQy`v v`r\gQk sh sAs~k^wQk vQvQ{w~vy s`r\}k @ls
j`wQk smgQy smM sAklny vW a#w. ap s#m ek~ krn b#[Wm
pErv#sQx`vyyQ.
o|s~@tY|lQy`v pYj`wn~wYv`qW rtkQ. pErv#sQx`vy mgQn~
ap@g~ pYj`wn~wYv`qW j`wQy @g`d n#gWm s[h` ob ht pRr\N
vX@yn~ shx`gQvW@m| avs~}`v lb`@q~. @myQn~ aqhs~ vn~@n~ ob
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pYj`@v| nQsQ s`m`jQk@ykO vX@yn~ ob@g~ vgkWm| itE
kQrWmt sRq`nmQn~ sQtQn bvyQ. o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ vQsQn~ s$m a@ykO@g~m
gr#w~vy sh nQqhs, g#h#NE sh pQrQmQ ay awr sm`n`w~mw`vy sh
nWwQ@y~ a`{Qpw&y vQX~v`s kryQ. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy ynE ap@g~
eqQ@nq` jWvQw@y~ @mkW vtQn`km| a`r]`kr g#nWmyQ.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ pYwQZ`v
ap o|s~@tY|lQy`nE@vkO vR@y~ ap@g~ upwQn~ vEvq @w`~r` g#nWm mgQn~ vEvq,
s$m o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ@ykO vQsQn~m ap@g~ ayQwQv`sQkm| sh vgkWm|
@m`nv`q yn~nw~, pErv#sQ@ykO vWm ynE@vn~ kOmk~ aqhs~@v|q yn~nw~
av@b`~{ kr g#nWm v#qgw~@v|.
ob o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ uw~svyt shx`gQvn vQt, ob vQsQn~
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ pYwQZ`v lb` @qnE a#w. @my sQqE kQrW@m|qW ob
o|s~@tY|lQy`v @vw @p`qE k#pkQrWmk~ krn awr pErv#sQx`v@y~ a#wQ
vgkWm| sh vrpYs`q sm|bn~{ pQLQg#nWmk~ sQqEkrnE a#w. pYwQZ`v
psEps a#wQ aqhs i@gnWm mgQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ@ykOvWm
ynE@vn~ kOmk~ aqhs~@v|q yn~nw~ pErv#sQx`vy smM a#wQvn vgkWm|
sh vrpYs`q @m`nv`q yn~nw~ pQLQb[v vd` pEUl~ av@b`~{yk~ lb`
gnE a#w.
ob vQsQn~ lb`@qn pYwQZ`v @myyQ:
@mw#n~ ptn~ iqQrQyt,
m` o|s~@tY|lQy`vt sh ehQ jnw`vt p]p`wW vn bvtw~,
ovEn~@g~ pYj`wn~wYv`qW vQX~v`syn~ m` @bq`hq` gn~n` bvtw~,
ovEn~@g~ ayQwWn~ sh nQqhst m` gr# krn bvtw~, e@s~m
ovEn~@g~ nWwWn~ m` pQLQgn~n` sh gr# krn bvtw~, @qvQyn~
vhn~@s~ iqQrQ@y~ pYwQZ` @qmQ, *
* ‘@qvQyn~ vhn~@s~ iqQr@Q y~’ yn vcn x`vQw` kQrm
W t @h`~ @n`kQrm
W t wm`t wWrNy kl h#k.
ob @mm @p`w kQyv`@gn ynvQt pYwQZ`v psEps a#wQ aqhs sh
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sm`jy wOl ob@g~ k`r\& x`ry v#dQ krn a`k`ry
sm|bn~{@yn~ sm|pRr\N av@b`~{yk~ lb`gnE a#w.
obt pNQvEdyk~
3
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ@ykO vWm
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sAkYmN iwQh`sy vsr 200 kt vd` p#rNQ@v|. @m| sm|bn~{@yn~ apQ wvm wr#N j`wQyk~ vn awr ob ap@g~ v^w~w`n~w@y~
@k`tsk~@v|. ob o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pErv#sQ@ykO vX@yn~ gnE lbn wWrN ap@g~ an`gwy h#dg#sWmt upk`r@v|.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy sm|bn~{ vQx`gy
vQx`g krn @k`ts
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ vQx`gy sks~ kr a#w~@w~ o|s~@tY|lQy`v sh
pErv#sQx`vyt aq`l vgkWm| sh vrpYs`q sm|bn~{@yn~ obt pYm`Nvw~
q#nWmk~ a#wQq yn~n a#gyWm s[h`y.
pErv#sQ vQx`gy smw~vWmt avX& sQyUm @w`rwOr# @mhQ pLmEvn
@k`ts~ wO@nhQ a#w:
wvq pErv#sQ vQx`gy sks` a#w~@w~ obt iAgWYsQ x`;`v
sm|bn~{@yn~ mRlQk q#nWmk~ a#wQq yn~nw~ a#gyWm s[h`y. iAgWYsQ
ap@g~ j`wQk x`;`vyQ. iAgWYsQ@yn~ k}` kQrWm mgQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sm`jy
wOl vd` kQYy`k`rW @ls ktyEwO kQrWmt obt upk`r@v|. o|s~@tY|lQy`@vhQQ
a#wQ a{&`pny, rFkWr]` sh @vnw~ avs~}`vn~hQ sm|pRr\N pYwQl`x
lb` g#nWmt @m| mgQn~ upk`r @k@r\.
• 2 vn @k`ts - o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pYj`wn~wYv`qW vQX~v`syn~,
ayQwQv`sQkm| sh nQqhs
pErv#sQ vQx`gy prQgNk x`vQw@yn~ sQqE krn iAgWYsQ x`;`@vn~
pvw~vn bhEvrN pYX~n a#wOlw~ vQx`gykQ. pErv#sQ vQx`gy wOl pYX~n
m`l`vkQn~ ahBE @ls @w`~r` gn~n` pYX~n 20 k~ a#w. @mm vQx`gy
smw~vWmt ob sQyyt 75 k~, n#wQnm| pYX~n 20 n~ 15 kt nQv#rqQ
@ls pQLQwOr# s#pyQy yEwOy.
pErv#sQ vQx`gy pvw~vn~@n~ o|s~@tY|lQy`v pEr` a#wQ sAkYmN sh pErv#sQ
@qp`r\w@m|n~wO k`r\&`l wOly. pY`@q~XWy o|s~@tY|lQy` s~}`n kQhQpyk sh
smhr vQ@q~X qEw k`r\&`lvlq vQx`gy p#v#w~vWmt ktyEwO sQqE kryQ.
pErv#sQ vQx`gy smw~vWm mgQn~, ob o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ pYwQZ`v
lb`qWm mgQn~ krn k#pkQrWm ob vQsQn~ av@b`~{ kr@gn a#wQ bv
@pn~v` @qyQ.
pErv#sQ vQx`gy s[h` sRq`nm|vWm
pErv#sQ vQx`gy s[h` sRq`nm| vWmt ob vQsQn~ @mm @p`w kQyvWm
avX&@v|.
…@w`rwOr# @p`w
@mm @w`rwOr# @p`@whQ vQx`g krn sh vQx`g @n`krn @k`ts~ a#w.
4
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy: ap@g~ @p`qE b#[Wm
• 1 vn @k`ts - o|s~@tY|lQy`v sh ehQ sQtQn jnw`v
• 3 vn @k`ts - rjy sh o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| nWwQy
pErv#sQ vQx`g@y~ pYX~nvlt pQLQwOr# s#pyWm s[h` vQx`g krn @k`t@s~
a#wQ @w`rwOr# q#n@gn av@b`~{ kr g#nWm avX&@v|.
vQx`g @n`krn @k`ts
obt o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| iwQh`sy sh sAs~k^wQy av@b`~{ kr g#nWmt
upk`r vn v#qgw~ @w`rwOr# vQx`g @n`krn @k`t@s~ a#w. @mm
@w`rwOr# sm|bn~{@yn~ obv vQx`g krn~@n~ @n`m#w.
• 4 vn @k`ts - aq o|s~@tY|lQy`v
• 5 vn @k`ts - ap@g~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE v^w`n~wy
a`qr\X pYX~n
vQx`g krn @k`ts avs`n@y~ obt pErv#sQ vQx`gyt sRq`nm|vWm s[h`
a`qr\X pYX~n 20 k~ a#w.
p`rx`;Qwy
vQx`g krn sh vQx`g @n`krn @k`ts~ avs`n@y~ p`rx`;Qwyk~
(v#qgw~ vcn l#yQs~wOvk~ sh e~v`@y~ @w~r#m|) a#w.
@mm @p`@whQ prQvr\wn
iAgWYsQ h#r @vnw~ x`;`vk~ kQyvWm sm|bn~{@yn~ v#dQ nQpENw`vyk~
a#wQ pErv#sQx`vy lb` g#nWmt bl`@p`@r`w~wOvn ay ht @mm @p`w
pYj` x`;` 37 kt prQvr\wny kr a#w. @mm prQvr\wn o|s~@tY|lQy`nE
pErv#sQ @vb| aVvQy vn www.citizenship.gov.au @vwQn~ pmNk~
lb` gw h#k.
dWvWdW w#tQ
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy lb`g#nW@m| uw~svy
pErv#sQ vQx`gy s[h` sRq`nm| vn ay s[h` iAgWs
Y Q x`;`@vn~ a#wQ XYv&
q^X& dWvd
W W w#tQyk~q lb` gw h#k. dWvd
W W w#tQ@y~ a`qr\X pYXn
~ 20
k~ @mn~m vQx`g krn @k`t@s~ a#wQ v#qgw~ kr#NE a#wOlw~ iqQrpQ w~
kQrm
W k~q (presentation) a#w. @mm dWvd
W W w#tQy nQpqv` a#w~@w~ adE
iAgWs
Y Q x`;` nQpN
E w`vyk~ a#wQ ay s[h` a{&`pn upk`ryk~ @lsQn.Q
@mm dWvd
W W w#tQy a#NvEm| kQrm
W mgQn~ @h`~ www.citizenship.gov.au
hQ o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `nE pErv#sQ @vb| aVvQy mgQn~ @h`~ lb` gw h#k.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy lb`g#nW@m| uw~sv iw`m sEU pQrQsk~
shx`gQvn iw`m kOd` uw~svyk~ @h`~ mQnQsEn~ sQy qhs~ gNnk~
shx`gQvn iw`m vQX`l uw~svyk~ vQy h#k. nv pErv#sQyn~ sh
nQl{`rWn~ awr a#wQ h#MWm|br bv sh axQm`ny @h~wO@vn~ @my iw`m
pWYwQmw~ s#mrWmk~@v|.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ vQx`gy pvw~vn avs~}`@v|
upk`r
o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `nE pErv#sQx`vy lb` g#nWmt bl`@p`@r`w~wv
O n @b`@h`~ ay
ht upk`rykQn~ @w`rv pErv#sQ vQx`gy smw~vm
W t avX& lQv@W m| sh
kQyvW@m| h#kQy`v a#wQ bvt a@p~]` @k@r\. adE iAgWs
Y Q x`;` nQpN
E w`vy
@h~w@O vn~ upk`r avX& ay s[h` pYXn
~ sh qW a#wQ pQLw
Q rO # Xb|q ng`
kQyvWm mgQn~ nQl{`rQ@ykO vQsn
Q ~ upk`r kl h#k. adE prQgNk nQpN
E w`
a#wQ ay sh ab`{Qw ay s[h`q upk`r lb` gw h#k. pErv#sQ vQx`gy
avs~}`@v| obt upk`r avX& bv sQwn~@n~nm| kr#N`kr pErv#sQ
nQl{`rW (citizenship officer) ht q#nEm| @qn~n.
ap@g~ @p`qE b#[Wm: o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ p`Tm`l`v
prQgNk vQx`gy @vnEvt o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ p`Tm`l`vk~ h#q$rWmt
obt sEqEsEkm| wQbQy h#k.
pErv#sQ p`Tm`l`v mgQn~ @mm @p`@whQ vQx`g krn @k`t@s~ a#wQ
sQyUm @w`rwOr# a`vrNy kryQ. @k@s~vEvq, obt iAgWYsQ sm|bn~{
mRlQk q#nWmk~ sh o|s~@tY|ly`nE pErv#sQ pYwQZ`@v| sAkl~p pQLQb[
av@b`~{yk~ a#wQ bv @pn~vQy yEwOy.
p`Tm`l`v sm|bn~{ v#dQqEr vQs~wr www.citizenship.gov.au hQ
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ @vb| aVvQy mgQn~ lb` gw h#k.
pErv#sQx`vy lb`g#nW@m| uw~svy a`rm|x@y~ ob@g~ pL`@w~ idm|vl
s`m|pYq`yQk hQmQkr#vn~ vn a`qQv`sWn~@g~ nQ@y`~jQw@ykO vQsQn~ obv
pQLQg#nWmt idkd a#w. ob@g~ pY`@q~XWy pYj`v@g~ n`ykyn~ @h`~ rj@y~
nQ@y`~jQwyn~ vQsQn~ krnE lbn pQLQgnE lbn sh unn~qE krn vqn~vlt
obt svn~qWmt h#kQvnE a#w.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy lb` g#nWmt wWrNy kl a@nkOw~ ay smM
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ pYwQZ`v ob vQsQn~ hdnM` kQynE a#w.
uw~sv@y~ iw`mw~ v#qgw~ aAgy @myyQ. ob o|s~@tY|lQy`vt a#wQ
k#pvW@m| pYwQZ`v lb`@qn @wk~ ob o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ@ykO vn~@n~
n#w. ob pYwQZ`v lb`@qn avs~}`@v| wb` g#nWmt XOq~{vR lQyvQl~lk~
@h`~ @vnw~ a`gmQk gYn~}yk~ rF@gn a` h#kQ vEvq @my anQv`r\&
@n`@v|.
pErv#sQx`v@y~ ar\}y sm|bn~{ @ktQ @q~Xn ob@g~ pYj` n`ykyn~
@h`~ rj@y~ nQ@y`~jQwyn~ vQsQn~ krnE a#w. ob@g~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ
shwQky sh smhr avs~}`vl ob@g~ pYj`v mgQn~ lb`@qn sEU
w&`gyk~ obt l#@bnE a#w. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE j`wQk gWy vn
‘Advance Australia Fair’ gWwy s#m@qn ek~v gynE a#w. pErv#sQ
uw~svyt psEv ob@g~ sh^q o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ h` ek~v @mm avs~}`v
s#mrWmt obt avs~}`v l#@bnE a#w.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ@ykO vWm sm|bn~{v sh o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| s`m`k`mW sh
Plq`yW jWvQwyk~ a@p~]` kQrWm sm|bn~{v apQ obt sEx pwmE.
v#dQ vQs~wr s[h`
qErk}n 131 880 os~@s~ pErv#sQ @w`rwOr# aAky
(Citizenship Information Line) a#mwQy h#k (sqEq` sQt sQkOr`q`
qk~v` @p.v. 8.30 sQt p.v. 4.30 qk~v`).
obt x`;` prQvr\wk@ykO@g~ sh`y avX&nm|, kr#N`kr aAk
131 450 amwn~n.
www.citizenship.gov.au hQ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ @vb| aVvQy
@vwq y` h#k.
pErv#sQx`vy lb` g#nW@m| uw~svyt shx`gQvn nv o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~
obt pNQvEdyk~
5
vQx`g krnQ @k`t@s~ a`rm|xy
1 vn @k`ts
o|s~@tY|lQy`v sh ehQ jnw`v
@mw#n~ ptn~ iqQrQyt,
m` o|s~@tY|lQy`vt sh ehQ jnw`vt p]p`wW vn bvtw~,
ovEn~@g~ pYj`wn~wYv`qW vQX~v`syn~ m` @bq`hq` gn~n` bvtw~,
ovEn~@g~ ayQwWn~ sh nQqhst m` gr# krn bvtw~, e@s~m
ovEn~@g~ nWwWn~ m` pQLQgn~n` sh gr# krn bvtw~, @qvQyn~ vhn~@s~ iqQrQ@y~ pYwQZ` @qmQ,*
* ‘@qvQyn~ vhn~@s~ iqQrQ@y~’ yn vcn x`vQw` kQrWmt @h`~ @n`kQrWmt wm`t wWrNy kl h#k.
o|s~@tY|lQy`v sh ehQ jnw`v
pErv#sQx`vy lb`g#nW@m| uw~sv@y~qW ob o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `v sh ehQ jnw`vt
a#wQ p]p`wQwv
~ y sm|bn~{v pYwZ
Q `vk~ lb`@q~. @m| @h~wv
O nQs`
ap@g~ a`qQv`sW ur#myn~ a#wOU o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `nE pYj`v sh jnghNy
sm|bn~{v av@b`~{yk~ lb` g#nWm v#qgw~@v|. o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `v bQw
Y `n& ytw~
vQjw
Q yk~ @ls avQnX
Q c
~ w
Q a`rm|xyk sQt aq ap qkQn s~}`vr sh s`r\}k
bhEv`r\gk
Q j`wQyk~ bvt pw~vR a`k`ry av@b`~{ kr g#nWmq v#qgw~@v|.
@mm @k`ts wOl ap@g~ v^w`n~wyt q`ykvR smhr v#qgw~ sQqEvWm|
sm|bn~{@yn~ kQyvWmt obt h#kQ@v|. ap@g~ pY`n~w sh sn~wk
pY@q~X (states and territories) sm|bn~{ @w`rwOr# sh ap
p#h#qQlQv o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ vX@yn~ h[En` gn~n` sm|pYq`yn~ sh sA@k~w
sm|bn~{ @w`rwOr#q @mhQ a#wOlw~v a#w.
ap@g~ jnw`v
a`qQv`sW o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~
(Indigenous Australians)
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| mEl~ v#sQyn~ vn~@n~ a#@b`rQjQnl~ (Aboriginal) sh
@t`~rs~ s~@tY|t| qRpw~v`sWn~y (Torres Strait Islander people).
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| mEl~ v#sQyn~ vn~@n~ ovEn~y. o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| a`qQv`sW
sAs~k^wWn~ q#nt @l`~k@y~ pvwQn vd`w~m p#rNQ sAs~k^wWn~@v|.
@@ewQh`sQk vX@yn~ a`qQv`sWn~, o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pY{`n xSmQ@yn~ sh
ws~@m|nQy`@vn~ p#mQNQ ay@v|. ovEn~ @mhQ vsr 40,000 sh 60,000
awr k`lyk~ jWvw~vW a#w.
@t`~rs~ s~@tY|t| qRpw~v`sWn~ p#mQN a#w~@w~ kOvWn~s~ln~wyt uwOrQn~ wQ@bn
qRpw~vl sQty. ovEn~ ht ovEn~t a`@v|NQkvR sAs~k^wQk ann&w`vyk~
a#w.
a`qQv`sWn~ @p`qE vQX~v`syn~ sh sm|pYq`yn~ @bq`hq` gn~n` awr
aqtw~ ovEn~ ht mM @pn~vn~@n~ @m|v` mgQn~y. ovEn~ ht xSmQy h` q#dQ
sm|bn~{w`vyk~ a#wQ awr @mm sm|bn~{w`vy ovEn~@g~ v^w`n~w,
kl` sh n#tEm| mgQn~ pYk`X@v|.
yE@r`~pWy j`wQkyn~ pqQAcQvW@m| mEl~ av{Qy
yE@r`~pyW j`wQkyn~ @mrt pqQAcQvm
W a`rm|xvR@y~ 1788 jnv`rQ 26 vn qQn
mh` bQw
Y `n&@y~ sQt p#mQNQ sQrkr#vn~ shQw @n_k` 11 pY}m@yn~ p#mQNm
W w~
smMy. @my pY}m n`vEk bl a#NQy (‘First Fleet’) @ls h[Env
~ yQ.
@mm k`l@y~ bQYw`n& nWwQy iw` qr#NEvR awr apr`{vlt
v#rqQkr#vn~vR vQX`l pYm`Nyk~ sQrkr wb` g#nWmt sQrm#qQrQ pYm`Nvw~
@n`vWy. @mm g#tUvt vQsqEm| vX@yn~, bQYw`n& rjy mgQn~ @mm
sQrkr#vn~ @l`~k@y~ a@nk~ pst y#vWmt wWrNy krn lqW. @m@s~
evR@y~ nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~ yn nv ytw~ vQjQwy @vwy.
nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~ hQ pY}m a`N~dEk`rvry` vR@y~ kpQw`n~ a`wr\ pQlQp~y
(Captain Arthur Phillip). nv yE@r`~pWy ytw~ vQjQw@y~ mEl~ vsr
kQpy wOl mEhEN qWmt wQbR @b`@h`~ g#tUvlt ohE s`r\}kv mEhEN
qEnQ. ytw~ vQjQwy qQgtm rFkONE awr wvw~ sQrkr#vn~ sh nQqh@s~
pqQAcQvWmt k#mwQ ay p#mQNQ b#vQn~ ytw~ vQjQwy qQyENEvW sAvr\{ny
vQy. r@thQ @vnw~ @k`ts~vlq wvw~ ytw~ vQjQw pQhQtEvQy.
nQqh@s~ pqQAcQvWmt k#mwQ ay p#mQNQ@y~ mh` bQYw`n&@yn~ sh
ayr\ln~w@ynQ. @mm bQYw`n& sh ayr\ln~w ur#my o|s~@tY|lQy`@v|
iwQh`sy, sAs~k^wQy sh @q~Xp`ln a`ywn @k@rhQ vQX`l vX@yn~
blp$m| a#wQ krn lqW.
1851 qW nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~ sh vQk~@t`~rQy` yn ytw~ vQjQwvl rw~rn~
@s`y` gn~n` lqW. sQy v`sn`v urg` b#lWmt @l`v pEr`m sQtQn ay
@mm ytw~ vQjQwvlt p#mQNQyh. @mm k`l@y~qW yE@r`~pyt ayw~ @n`vn
rtkQn~ p#mQNQ vQX`lm sAkYmNQkyn~ kN~d`ym p#mQNQ@y~ cWn@ynQ.
vsr 10 k~ a#wOlw jnghNy @qgONykt vd` v#dQvQy.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE j`wQy
mWlM qXk kQhQpy pEr` ek~ ek~ ytw~ vQjQw ek~ j`wQyk~ @ls ek~vW@m|
s`kc|C`vk nQrw vQy.
1901 qW ytw~ vQjQw ek~v @k`mn~@vl~w~ of~ o|s~@tY|lQy`
(Commonwealth of Australia) @lsQn~ @fd@r\;n~ r`j&yk~
a#wQkr gn~n` lqW. @mm k`l@y~qW o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| jnghNy mQlQyn
hwrk~ pmN vQy. @mm sAK&`vt a`qQv`sWn~ a#wOlw~ @n`vWy.
20 vn sQyv@s~ pY}m x`gy pEr` sAkYmNQkyn~@g~ sAK&`v adE v#dQ
vQy. bQYw`n& sAkYmNQkyn~ @mrtt p#mQNWm unn~qE kQrWm s[h`
v#dsthn~ wQbENE awr e~ anEv sAkYmNQkyn~ @mrtt p#mQN a#w.
@qvn @l`~k sAgY`m@yn~ psEv yE@r`~p@y~ sQtQ mQlQyn sAK&`w mQnQsEn~
ht sQy mv|bQm| h#rqm` y`mt sQqEvENE vQt bQYw`n& @n`vn sAkYmNQkyn~
vQX`l sAK&`vlQn~ @mrtt p#mQNQyh. vQX`l sAK&`vlQn~ @m`vEn~
o|s~@tY|lQy`vt p#mQNQ@y~ nv jWvQwyk~ a#rBWmty.
m$w k`l@y~ ap@g~ sAkYmN sh srN`gw v#d sthn~ mgQn~
@l`v pEr`m sQtQn mQnQsEn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`vt rF@gn vQw~ a#w. mQnQsEn~
@mrtt p#mQN a#w~@w~ sQy pvEl~ h` sm|bn~{vWmt, vysQn~ adE rtk
nv jWvQwyk~ a#rBWmt, @h`~ qEgWkm, yEq~{ @h`~ …v{ hQAs` v#nQ
ww~vyn~@gn~ pl` y`mty.
aq o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| mQlQyn 22 k jnghNyk~ a#w. @myQn~ hw@rn~
ekk sAK&`vk~ vQ@q~Xyn~hQ upn~ ay@v|. @mm mQnQsEn~ vQsQn~ ap
j`wQyt lb`qW a#wQ q`ykw~vy mgQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`v @b`@h`~@s~ {nvw~vW
a#w. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE jnw`v@g~ vQvQ{w~vy ap smrN awrm ekt b#[Q,
e~kWy j`wQyk~ @g`dn#gWmtq apQ armENE kr@gn sQtQmE.
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| j`wQk x`;`v iAgWYsQ@v|. @my ap@g~ j`wQk
ann&w`v@y~ aAgykQ. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sm`j@y~ ktyEwOvlt shx`gQvWm
s[h` upk`rW vWmt o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| sQtQn sQyUm ay vQsQn~ iAgWYsQ x`;`v
i@gnWmt unn~qE @k@r\. o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| jWvw~vW@m|qW sh v#d kQrW@m|qW
iAgWYsQ x`;`@vn~ k}` kQrWm awQXy v#qgw~@v|. @vnw~ x`;`vn~q agy
krmE. vQvQ{w~v@yn~ yEw~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sm`j@y~ x`;` 200 kt a{Qk
sAK&`vk~ k}` kryQ.
1 vn @k`ts – o|s~@tY|lQy`v sh ehQ jnw`v
9
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pY`n~w sh sn~wk pY@q~X (states and territories)
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE r`j&y (Commonwealth of Australia) pY`n~w (states) sh sn~wk pY@q~X (territories) ek~v s$qENE @fdrl~ r`j&ykQ
(federation of states). o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| ag ngry k#n~br` vn awr ek~ ek~ pY`n~w sh sn~wk pY@q~X s[h` @vn @vn agngr a#w.
Darwin
Northern
Territory
Queensland
Western Australia
Brisbane
South Australia
New South Wales
Perth
Sydney
Adelaide
Canberra
Australian Capital Territory
Victoria
Melbourne
Tasmania
pY`n~wy
ag ngry
New South Wales (NSW)
Sydney
Victoria (Vic.)
Melbourne
Queensland (Qld)
Brisbane
Western Australia (WA)
Perth
South Australia (SA)
Adelaide
Tasmania (Tas.)
Hobart
sn~wk pY@q~Xy
ag ngry
Australian Capital Territory (ACT)
Canberra
Northern Territory (NT)
Darwin
k#n~br` o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `@v| ag ngryq@v|
10
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy: ap@g~ @p`qE b#[Wm
Hobart
pY`n~w (The states)
nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~ (New South Wales) ynE bQYw`n&yn~
cQsQn~ s~}`pny krn lq pY}m ytw~ vQjQwyyQ. nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~ hQ
agngry sQd|nQ vn awr j`wQ@y~ vQX`lwm ngryyQ. sQd|nQ hQ h`br\
bQYj~ (Harbour Bridge) sh o@pr` hvEs~ (Opera House) @mm
r@thQ j`wQk pYwQm`vn~y.
nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~
vQk~@t`~rQy` (Victoria) pY`n~wy pY{`n pY`n~wvlQn~ kOd`m
pY`n~wy@v|. vQk~@t`~rQy` hQ a#wQ @b`@h`~ alAk`r @g`dn#gQlQ wnn
lq~@q~ 1850 yEg@y~ a#wQvENE rw~rn~ mgQn~ upy`gw~ mEql~vlQnQ.
vQk~@t`~rQy` hQ ag ngry @ml~br\n~@v|.
kOvWn~s~ln~wy (Queensland) ynE @qvn vQX`lm
pY`n~wy@v|. eyt uwOrQn~ @t`~rs~ s~@tY|t| ayQln~d| (Torres Strait
Islands) a#wQ awr nQvr\wn @ww~ vn`n~wr, smXW@w`~;~N
@vrLbd pL`w~ sh nQwrm vQyLQ ax&n~wr pY@q~X @mhQ qk~nt a#w.
kOvWn~s~ln~w@y~ agngry bQYs~@b|n~ y.
vQk~@t`~rQy`
k~vWn~s~ln~d|
@vs~tr\n~ o|s~@tY|lQy` (Western Australia) vQX`lm
pY`n~wy@v|. pY`n~w@y~ n#@gnhQr pst vn~n @b`@h`~ k`n~w`r a#wQ
awr nQrQwqQg qQX`v @qst sr# k^;Qk`r\mQk sh mQqQ v#@vn pY@q~X
a#w. @mm pY`n~w@y~ @b`@h`~ vQX`l pwl~ kr\m`n~w v&`p^wQ qk~nt
a#w. pY`n~w@y~ jnghN@yn~ hw@rn~ wOnk~m jWvw~ vn~@n~ agngry
vn pr\w~ hQ @v|.
svEw~ o|s~@tY|lQy` (South Australia) hQ smwl` @n`vR smEqY
wWryk~ a#wQ awr jnpQYy mQqQ vvn pY@q~X @b`@h`~myk~ a#w. agngry
vn a#dQ@l~d| hQ ytw~ vQjQw yEg@y~ g^h nQr\m`N XQl~pyt kqQm nQqsEn~
@b`@h`~myk~ a#w.
@vs~tr\n~ o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `
svEw~ o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `
ws~@m|nQy` (Tasmania) o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| kOd`m pY`n~w r`j&y vn
awr b$s~ smEqY sn~{Qy (Bass Strait) mgQn~ pY{`n xSmQ pY@q~X@yn~
@vn~v pQhQt` a#w. qQvyQ@n~ v#dQ @k`tsk, vl~ bQhQvENE vn`n~wrgw
bQm| s#k#s~mk~ a#w. ws~@m|nQy`@v| agngry @h`~b`r\t| @v|.
ws~@m|ny
Q `
sn~wk pY@q~X (The territories)
o|s~@tY|lQyn~ k#pQtl~ @trQtrQ (Australian Capital
Territory) pQhQt` a#w~@w~ sQd|nQ sh @ml~br\n~ awrm#qy.
@mhQ j`wQ@y~ ag ngry vn k#n~br` pQhQt` a#w. p`r\lQ@m|n~wO nQvs
(Parliament House) sh o|s~@tY|lQy`nE @XY~;~T`{QkrNy (High
Court of Australia) v#nQ v#qgw~ j`wQk a`ywnvlt v`ss~}`nyk~
k#n~br` mgQn~ lb`@q~.
@n`qr\n~ @trQtrQ (Northern Territory) vlt ihlQn~
nQvr\wnyq, qkONQn~ rwO k`n~w`r psq a#w. @mhQ jWvw~vn kOd`
jnghN@yn~ v#dQ pQrQsk~ jWvw~ vn~@n~ ag ngry vn d`vQn~ hQ sh
o|s~@tY|lQy`v m`{&@y~ a#wQ pY{`n ngry vn a#lQs~ s~pYQn~g~s~ sh d`vQn~
awr qQ@vn pY{`n a{Q@v|gW mh` m`r\gy os~@s~ avt pY@q~Xvly.
o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q n~ k#pQtl~ @trQtrQ
@n`qr\n~ @trQtrQ
1 vn @k`ts – o|s~@tY|lQy`v sh ehQ jnw`v
11
sm|pYq`yn~ sh sA@k~w
o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ s[h` v#qgw~ qvs~
o|s~@tY|lQy` qQny
s$m vsrkm jnv`rQ 26 qQn apQ o|s~@tY|lQy` qQny smrmE. o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| s$m pY`n~wykm sh sn~wk pY@q~Xykm o|s~@tY|lQy` qQny rj@y~ nQv`dE qQnykQ.
o|s~@tY|lQy` qQn@y~qW, o|s~@tY|lQy`v pEr` sQtQn vQX`l sh kOd` pYj`vn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`v sm|bn~{ s$m @XY~;~T @qyk~mw~, o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvkO vWmw~ smryQ. @my
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| vQX`lwm v`r\;Qk mhjn uw~svyyQ.
o|s~@tY|lQy` qQny ynE ap@g~ iwQh`syt sh @mm j`wQy @XY~;~T j`wQyk~ kl ayt gr# krn qQny@v|. @mm qQny vr\wm`n@y~ swOtE vWmt sh
an`gw@y~qW ek~v swOtE sh @s_x`g&y @gn e~mt k#p vn qQnyk~@v|. @m| nQs` @mm qQn@y~qW pErv#sQx`vy lb`@qn uw~sv rt pEr` p#v#w~@v|.
jnv`rQ 26 vnq`, bQYw`n&y rj@y~ sQrkr#vn~ pqQAcQ krvWmt 1788 mh` bQYw`n&@y~ sQt pY}m n`vEk bla#NQy @mrtt p#mQNW@m| sAvw~sr qQnyyQ.
pY}m n`vEk bla#NQ@y~ aN@qn nQl{`rQy` vR@y~ kpQw`n~ a`wr\ pQlQp~y (Captain Arthur Phillip).
o|s~@tY|lQy` qQnyt @pr qQn, agm#wQvry` vQsQn~ k#n~br` sQt vs@r\ o|s~@tY|lQy`nEv` …pYq`nyn~ nQ@v|qny @k@r\.
pErv#sQx`vy lb`qW@m| uw~sv @b`@h`~myk~ pvw~vn~@n~ s$m vsrkm o|s~@tY|lQy` qQn@y~qWy
a#n~s#k~ qQn @pLp`lQy
a#n~s#k~ qQny
a#n~s#k~ qQny s$m vsrkm apQY@yl~ 25 vn qQn smryQ. a#n~s#k~ qQny nm|kr a#w~@w~ pLmE @l`~k sAgY`my sm@y~ 1915 apQY@yl~ 25 qQn wOr\kQ@y~
g#lQ@p`lQ @vw @g`d b#s~sR o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sh nvsWln~w yE{ hmEq` blk`y nmQnQ.
sAgY`m, mw@x~q sh s`m hmEq` kQYy`k`rkm|vlt shx`gQvW mQygQy ay vQsQn~ krn lq k#pkQrWm| smrN vQt a#n~s#k~ qQny kNg`tEq`yk qQnykQ.
sQyUm yE{ hmEq` @s~vk @s~vQk`vn~@g~ uw~s`hyn~ sh k#pkQrWm|vlt apQ pYN`my pEq krmE.
o|s~@tY|lQy` qQny, a#n~s#k~ qQny sh @vnw~ v#qgw~ j`wQk qQnyn~ sh s#mrWm| sm|bn~{ v#dQ vQs~wr 4 vn @k`t@s~ aq o|s~@tY|lQy`v @k`t@s~ a#w.
12
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy: ap@g~ @p`qE b#[Wm
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE {j
o|s~@tY|lQy`vt nQl {j wOnk~ a#w: o|s~@tY|lQy`nE j`wQk {jy, o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`qQv`sW {jy sh @t`~rs~ s~@tY|t| qRpw~v`sW {jy.
ek~ ek~ pY`n~w sh sn~wk pY@q~X swOv @vn @vn {jyn~ a#w. @m|v` 11 vn pQtE@v| q#kQy h#k.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE j`wQk {jy
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE j`wQk {jy nQl~, sEqE sh rwO vr\NvlQn~ smn~vQw@v|.
@myt v#qgw~ aAg wOnk~ a#wOlw~@v|:
• •yRnQyn~ j#k~ @lsQn~ h#[Qn~@vn mh` bQYw`n& {jy, ihl vm|
@kLvr a#w. @mm {jy mgQn~ ap@g~ bQYw`n& jn`v`s
iwQh`sy nQ@y`~jny kryQ.
• •@k`mn~@vl~w~ wr#v yRnQyn~ j#k~ sA@k~wyt phwQn~ a#w.
pY`n~w hyt wOdE hyk~ sh sn~wk pY@q~Xyt wOdE ekk~ @lsQn~
@mm wr#vt wOdE hwk~ a#w.
• •qkO@NhQ a#wQ, q sqr\n~ @kY`s~, ap qkONE ah@shQ qkQn w`rk`
mN~dlykQ.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE j`wQk {jy nQl~, sEqE sh rwO vr\NvlQn~ smn~vQw@v|
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`qQv`sW {jy
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`qQv`sW {jy kU, rwO sh kh vr\NvlQn~ smn~vQw@v|.
@myt v#qgw~ aAg wOnk~ a#wOlw~vn awr, @mm vr\N sm|bn~{ vd`
@p`qE ar\} q#k~vWm nm|:
• •ihl x`gy kU p#h# vn awr o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| a`qQv`sW jnw`v
nQ@y`~jny kryQ.
• •phL x`gy rwO p#h# vn awr @p`@L`v sh xSmQyt a#wQ
x`v`w~mk sm|bn~{w`vy nQ@y`~jny kryQ.
• •kh p#h# kvy mgQn~ sRr\&y` nQ@y`~jny kryQ.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`qQv`sW {jy kU, rwO sh kh vr\NvlQn~ smn~vQw@v|
@t`~rs~ s~@tY|t| qRpw~v`sW {jy
@t`rs~ s~@tY|t| qRpw~v`sW {jy @k`L, nQl~, kU sh sEqE vr\NvlQn~
smn~vQw@v|.
• •@k`L irQ mgQn~ xSmQy nQ@y`~jny@v|.
• •m#q a#wQ nQl~ @k`ts mgQn~ mEhEq nQ@y`~jny@v|.
• •kU irQ mgQn~ @t`~rs~ s~@tY|t| qRpw~v`sWn~ nQ@y`~jny@v|.
• •m#q a#wQ sEqE p#h#wQ n`t&Agn`vn~@g~ hQs~ pLqn`v sQyUm
@t`~rs~ s~@tY|t| qRpw~v`sWn~ sA@k~wvw~ kryQ.
• •sEqE p#h# wr#@v| a#wQ wOdE @t`rs~ s~@tY|t|hQ sQtQn qRpw~v`sW
kN~d`ym| nQ@y`~jny kryQ.
@t`rs~ s~@tY|t| qRpw~v`sW {jy @k`L, nQl~, kU sh sEqE vr\NvlQn~ smn~vQw@v|
• •sEqE p#h#y s`my sA@k~wvw~ kryQ.
1 vn @k`ts – o|s~@tY|lQy`v sh ehQ jnw`v
13
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ nQl l`ACny
(Commonwealth Coat of Arms)
@k`mn~@vl~w~ @k`~t| of~ a`r\m|s~ ynE o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ nQl l`ACnyyQ.
@my ap@g~ j`wQk smgQy nQ@y`~jny kryQ. @m| mgQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE
rj@y~ a{Qk`rQy sh ayQwQy h[En` gnW.
• •m#q a#wQ pLQh mgQn~ pY`n~wyn~ hy sh @fd@r\;Ny nQ@y`~jny
kryQ.
• •k#n~gr$vkO sh emRvkO pLQ@h~ @qps Xk~wQyt sQtW. k#n~gr$
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| j`wQk sw~vy` vn awr emR o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| j`wQk
kOr#l~l`y.
• •pLQht ihlQn~ rn~ p#h# o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ wr#v a#w.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ nQl l`ACny
• p• sEb@Q mhQ o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `nE j`wQk pE;p~ y vn rn~ p#h# @v`tl~ ml a#w.
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| j`wQk pE;~py
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| j`wQk pE;~py vn~@n~ rn~ p#h# @v`tl~ mly. @mm kOd`
gs pY{`n vX@yn~ v#@vn~@n~ gQNQ@k`N o|s~@tY|lQy`@v|y. gQm|h`n
G^wO@v|qW qWp~wQmw~ @k`L p#h# pwY sh @b`@h`~ rn~ p#h# kh vr\N ml~
a#w. o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| ek~ ek~ pY`n~w sh sn~wk pY@q~X swOv sQy pE;~p
sA@k~wyn~ a#w.
rn~ p#h# @v`tl~ ml
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| j`wQk vr\N
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| j`wQk vr\N vn~@n~ rn~ p#h# @v`tl~ m@lhQ vr\N vn
@k`L sh rn~ p#h#yn~y. ap@g~ j`wQk kWYd` kN~d`ym|vl nQl a#[Em|vl
p#h#y s`m`n&@yn~ @k`L sh rn~ p#h#yn~y.
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| j`wQk vr\N vn @k`L sh rn~ p#h#yn~
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| j`wQk m#NQk~ gl
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| j`wQk m#NQk~ gl o|pl~y. a`qQv`sW jnpYv`qyt anEv
@q~qEn~nk~ @p`@L`v s~pr\X krn lq awr o|pl~hQ p#h#yn~ a#wQvQy.
o|pl~
14
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy: ap@g~ @p`qE b#[Wm
o|s~@t|lQy`nE j`wQk gWy
o|s~@t|lQy`nE j`wQk gWy ‘Advance Australia Fair’ gWwy @v|. j`wQk v#qgw~kmk~ a#wQ avs~}`vl @my g`yny @k@r\. e@s~m @my
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy lb`@qn uw~svvlw~, pY{`n kWYd` avs~}`vlw~, p`s#l~vlw~ g`yny kryQ. @m| mgQn~ j`wQy ek~ krn awr o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvkO
vW@m| pWYwQy sh a`dm|bry pYsQq~{Q@y~ pYk`X kryQ.
Advance Australia Fair
Australians all let us rejoice,
For we are young and free;
We’ve golden soil and wealth for toil;
Our home is girt by sea;
Our land abounds in nature’s gifts
Of beauty rich and rare;
In history’s page, let every stage
Advance Australia Fair.
In joyful strains then let us sing,
Advance Australia Fair.
Beneath our radiant Southern Cross
We’ll toil with hearts and hands;
To make this Commonwealth of ours
Renowned of all the lands;
For those who’ve come across the seas
We’ve boundless plains to share;
With courage let us all combine
To Advance Australia Fair.
In joyful strains then let us sing,
Advance Australia Fair.
“* o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| j`wQk gW@y~ nm sm|bn~{@yn~ obv prW]` kl h#kQ vEvq,
j`wQk gW@y~ vcn sm|bn~{@yn~ obv vQx`g @n`kryQ. ”
1 vn @k`ts – o|s~@tY|lQy`v sh ehQ jnw`v
15
2 vn @k`ts
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pYj`wn~wYv`qW vQX~v`syn~,
ayQwQv`sQkm| sh nQqhs
@mw#n~ ptn~ iqQrQyt,
m` o|s~@tY|lQy`vt sh ehQ jnw`vt p]p`wW vn bvtw~,
ovEn~@g~ pYj`wn~wYv`qW vQX~v`syn~ m` @bq`hq` gn~n` bvtw~,
ovEn~@g~ ayQwWn~ sh nQqhst m` gr# krn bvtw~, e@s~m
ovEn~@g~ nWwWn~ m` pQLQgn~n` sh gr# krn bvtw~, @qvQyn~ vhn~@s~ iqQrQ@y~ pYwQZ` @qmQ, *
* ‘@qvQyn~ vhn~@s~ iqQrQ@y~’ yn vcn x`vQw` kQrWmt @h`~ @n`kQrWmt wm`t wWrNy kl h#k.
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pYj`wn~wYv`qW vQX~v`syn~, ayQwQv`sQkm| sh nQqhs
pErv#sQx`vy lb` g#nW@m| uw~sv@y~qW ob vQsQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE
pYj`wn~wYv`qW vQX~v`syn~ @bq`hq` gn~n` bvtw~, o|s~@tY|lQy`nE
v#sQyn~@g~ ayQwQv`sQkm| sh nQqhst gr# krn bvtw~ pYwQZ`vk~
lb`@q~.
o|s~@tY|lQy`v pYj`wn~wYv`qW rtkQ. pYj`wn~wYv`qW r`j& p`ln kYmy anEv
pErv#sQyn~ vQsQn~ rt p`lny kQrWm s[h` nQ@y`~jQwyn~ pw~ kQrWm
nQqh@s~ sQqE krn awr pErv#sQyn~ @vnE@vn~ ovEn~ vQsQn~ nWwQ
sm|p`qny @k@r\.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ s`m`k`mW bv, gr# kQrWm, nQqhs sh sm`nw`vy mw
vQX~v`sy wbyQ. o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvkO vW@m| v#qgw~ aAgyk~ nm| ob ekM
@n`vEnw~ @vnw~ ay@g~ @vns~km| sh ovEn~@g~ @w~rWm|vlt gr#
kQrWm@v|. @k`@h~ sQt p#mQNQyw~, kOmn sm|pYq`ykQn~ p#mQNQyw~, ovEn~
s~wWYn~ @h`~ pEr#;yn~ vRvw~ sQyU @qn` htm s`{`rN @ls s#lkWmw~,
sQyUm o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ ht sm`n avs~}` lb`qWmw~ nQqh@s~ ktyEwO
kQrWmt avs}`v lb` qWmw~ @myQn~ aqhs~ @k@r\.
ap@g~ rt sh sAs~k^wQy @mm pYj`wn~wYv`qW vQX~v`syn~ mw h#dg#sW
a#wQ awr @b`@h`~ ayt o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ vW@m| avX&w`vyk~ a#w~@w~
@m| @h~wOv nQs`y. @mm @h~wOv nQs` @mm pYj`wn~wYv`qW vQX~v`syn~ sh
sQyUm o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ vQsQn~ gr# krn ayQwWn~ sh nQqhs av@b`~{
kr g#nWm iw`m v#qgw~@v|.
ap@g~ pYj`wn~wYv`qW vQX~v`syn~
p`r\lQ@m|n~wO pYj`wn~wYv`qy
o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `@v| r`j& p`ln kYmy p`r\l@Q m|nw
~ O pYj`wn~wv
Y `qW kYmykQ.
@myQn~ aqhs~ vn~@n~ rt p`lny sm|bn~{@yn~ sQyUm o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `nEvn~
shx`gQvn bvyQ. o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `nE pErv#sQyn~ wm`v p`r\l@Q m|nw
~ @O v|
nQ@y`~jny krn ay @vnE@vn~ nQwpQ w` Cn~qy x`vQw` krn b#vQn~ r`j&
bly l#@bn~@n~ o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `nE jnw`v @vwQn.Q rt p`lny kQrm
W t nWwQ
sm|p`qny kQr@W m| sh @vns~ kQr@W m| bly a#w~@w~ p`r\l@Q m|nw
~ v
O t pmNQ.
p`r\lQ@m|n~wO pYj`wn~wYv`qy a#wQ rtk, p`r\lQ@m|n~wO nQ@y`~jQwyn~ wm`
gn~n` wWrN sm|bn~{@yn~ m#wQvrN os~@s~ jnw`vt vgkQv yEwOy.
nWwQ@y~ a`{Qpw&y
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE nWwQy o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| jWvw~vn s$m @q@nkO htm v#qgw~@v|.
s`mk`mW sh kYmvw~ sm`jyk~ pvw~v` g#nWm s[h` nWwQ@y~ vtQn`km
o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ pQLQgnW. sQyUm o|s~@tY|lQy`nE v#sQyn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE nWwQy
mgQn~ a`r]`vWmt hQmQkm| lbyQ.
sQyU @qn` o|s~@tY|lQy`nE nWwQyt avnw vQy yEwOy. kQsQ@vkO nWwQyt
avnw @n`vEn@h`w~, @p`lWsQy mgQn~ aw~adAgOvt gw h#kQ awr
a{QkrNy @vw y`yEwO@v|.
sQyUm o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ nWwQy iqQrQ@y~ sm`n vn awr kQsQm
pEq~gl@ykO @h`~ kN~d`ymk~ nWwQyt ihlQn~ @n`sQtW. @my nWwQ@y~
a`{Qpw&y @ls h#[Qn~@v|. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pYj`@v| blwl qrN ay vEvq
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE nWwQyt anEv ktyEwO kl yEwOy. @mm blwl qrN ay
awrt v&`p`rQkyn~ sh @p`lWsQy @mn~m rjy, pYj`v sh a`gmQk
n`ykyn~q a#wOlw~@v|.
s`mk`mW @ls jWvw~vWm
ap s~}`vr r`j& kYmyk~ a#wQ s`mk`mW rtk jWvw~vWm sm|bn~{@yn~
swOtE vQy yEwOy. @vns~km| sQqEvQy yEw~@w~ s`kc|C`, s`mk`mW @ls e~w~wO
g#n~vWm sh pYj`wn~wYv`qW kQYy` m`r\gyn~t anEkSlv bv apQ vQX~v`s
krmE. mQnQ@skO@g~ mns @h`~ nWwQy @vns~ krn kYmyk~ @ls apQ
hQAs`v pYwQ@]~p krmE.
mQnQsEn~@g~ psEbQm g#n @n`wk` sQyUm ayt
gr# kQrWm
@l`v pEr`m rtvlQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`vt mQnQsEn~ pqQAcQyt p#mQ@N~.
@b`@h`~ ay swOv vQvQ{ vQX~v`syn~ sh sm|pYq`yn~ shQw vQvQ{
sAs~k^wQk ur#myn~ a#w. ap@g~ @mm pYj`wn~wYv`qW sm`j@y~,
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE nWwQyt gr# krn w`k~ @mm vQX~v`syn~ sh sm|pYq`yn~
pQLQp#qWmtw~ @bq` hq` g#nWmtw~ apt nQqhs a#w.
ap @mm nQqhs agy krn awr ovEn~@g~ j`wQy, upn~ s~}`ny, s~wWY
pEr#; bv, lQAg sm|bn~{v a#wQ mn`py, vQv`hkk avQv`hk bv, vys,
a`b`{Qw bv, pY@v|NQy, sAs~k^wQy, @q~Xp`lny, vw~km @h`~ a`gm
@n`wk` sQyUm o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ ekQ@nk` ht gr#w~v@yn~ yEwOv
slkn bvt a@p~]` @k@r\.
sQyUm ay@g~ @g_rvy @vnE@vn~ @mkW a@n&`~n& gr# kQrWmt apQ agy
krmE.
upk`r avX& ay ht anEkm|p`v
o|s~@tY|lQy`v wOl sh^qw~vy sm|bn~{ h#MWmk~ (spirit of ‘mateship’’)
a#w. @myQn~ aqhs~ vn~@n~ upk`ryk~ avX& @v|l`vt apQ upk`r
krn awr, apt upk`r avX& vQt apt upk`r l#@bn bvw~y.
sh^q@ykO ynE @b`@h`~ avs~}`vl mQwY@ykQ, nmEw~ sm|pRr\N
a`gn~wOk@ykOq vQy h#k. sh^q@ykO vQsQn~ vysQn~ v#dQ asl~v`sQ@ykO
ht k$m @v|l`vk~ rF@gn y` h#k, @@vq&vr@ykO hmEvWmt mQwO@rkO
rF@gn y` h#k, n#wQnm| wnQ@yn~ sQtQn a@ykO b#lWmt y` h#k.
@mm sh^qw~vy sm|bn~{ h#MWm nQs` @b`@h`~ wnQ pEq~glyn~ sh
kN~d`ym| s~@v|c|C`@vn~ krn pYj` ktyEwO mgQn~ a@nk~ ayt upk`r
lb`@q~. obtq s~@v|c|C` @s~vk@ykO vQy h#k. s~@v|c|C`@vn~ ktyEwO
kQrWm @b`@h`~ swOt @gn @qn~nk~ vQy h#k. q#nEm @bq`hq` g#nWmt,
nv kOslw` i@gnWmt sh o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sm`jyt ob ayw~y yn
av@b`~{y v#dQ kr g#nWmt @my kqQm avs~}`vkQ. avX&w` a#wQ
o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ ht sm`j a`r]N sh @vnw~ @s~v` os~@s~
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rjy upk`r lb`@q~.
2 vn @k`ts – o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pYj`wn~wYv`qW vQX~v`syn~, ayQwQv`sQkm| sh nQqhs
17
ap@g~ nQqhs
sm`gm| p#v#w~vW@m| nQqhs
k}` kQrW@m| nQqhs sh aqhs~ pYk`X kQrW@m| nQqhs
@q~Xp`ln p]yk~, v^w~wWy smQwQyk~, a`gmQk, sAs~k^wQk @h`~
sm`jWy kN~d`ymk~ v#nQ o|n$m nWw&`nEkSl sAvQ{`nyk s`m`jQkw~vy
g#nWmt o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ ht nQqhs a#w. e@s~m s`m`jQkw~vy @n`@gn
sQtWmt wWrNy kQrWmtq nQqhs a#w.
k}` kQrW@m| nQqhs mgQn~ wm` sQwn @q~ kWmtw~ lQvWmtw~, sQy aqhs~
@vnw~ ay smM s`kc|C` kQrWmtw~ id lb`@q~. k}` kQrW@m| nQqhs
mgQn~ kl`, sQnm`, sAgWw sh s`hQw&y m`{& kr@gn sQy aqhs~
pYk`X kQrWmt id lb`@q~.
ap o|n$m kr#Nk~ sm|bn~{@yn~ hQwn @q~ pEq~glQkv @h`~ pYsQq~{Q@y~
kWmtw~ lQvWmtw~ o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| apt nQqhs a#w. @k@s~vEvq, a@nk~
ayt krqr kQrWm apt kl @n`h#k.
rj@y~ @h`~ sAvQ{`nyk kQYy` m`r\gykt vQ@r`~{y plkQrWmt an~ ay
smM ek~vWmtq o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ ht h#kQy`v a#w. @k@s~vEvq sQyUm
vQ@r`~{w`vyn~ nWwQ@y~ r`mEv wOl vQy yEwOy. @myQn~ aqhs~ vn~@n~ @m|v`
s`m`k`mW vQy yEwO awr kQsQqE pEq~g@l@ykOt @h`~ @q~pLvlt h`nQ sQqE
@n`vn a`k`ryt sQqEvQy yEwO bvyQ.
a`gmQk nQqhs sh an`g`mQk rjyk a#wQ nQqhs
o|s~@tY|lQy`v swOv yE@qv|-kQYs~wQy`nQ ur#myk~ a#wQ awr, @b`@h`~
o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ ovEn~v h[En~v` gn~@n~ kQYs~wQy`nEvn~ vX@ynQ. mh
sQkOr`q`, p`s~kO irQq` sh nw~wl~ qQny v#nQ kQYs~wQy`nQ qQnyn~hQ
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ pYsQq~{ nQv`dE qQn lb`qW a#w.
@k@s~vEvq, o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rjy an`g`mQk rjykQ. mQn~ aqhs~ vn~@n~
nQl vX@yn~ j`wQk a`gmk~ @n`m#wQ bvyQ.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE nWwQyt pth#nQ @n`vn w`k~ qErt o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| sQtQn
mQnQsEn~ ht o|n$m a`gmk~ a#qhQy h#k. kQYs~wQy`nQ a`gm, @b_q~{
a`gm, is~l`m| a`gm, hQn~qE a`gm, yE@qv| a`gm yn a`gm|vlt
amwrv o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| @vnw~ @b`@h`~ a`gm| nQqh@s~ aqhyQ.
rj@y~ wWrNvlt sh nWwQvlt e@rhQv s`mk`mW @ls vQ@r`~{y q#k~vWmtw~
o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ ht nQqhs a#w
s`vq& @c`~qn` n#gWmtw~, nWwQy k#dWmt an~ ay unn~qE kQrWmtw~,
a@nk~ ay@g~ kWr\wQyt h`nQ kQrWmtw~ apt @n`h#k. pEq~gl@ykO@g~
kWr\wQ n`my s`vq& @w`rwOr#vlQn~ a`r]` kQrWmt nWwQ a#w.
ym| a@ykO@g~ sAs~k^wQy, j`wQy @h`~ psEbm
Q @h~w@O vn~ a@nk~ ay lv`
@@vr kQrm
W @h`~ hQAs`k`rW @ls h#sQrm
W t uw~s`h kQrm
W nWwy
Q t
pth#nQ@v|.
s`m`jWy @h`~ @q~Xp`ln s`kc|C` sm|bn~{@yn~ @p`qE @h`~ pEq~glQk
s~}`nvl mQnQsEn~ hmEvWmt apt nQqhs a#w. rjy vQ@v|cny kQrWmtw~,
rj@y~ wWrNvlt vQr#q~{v s`m`k`mW @ls vQ@r`~{w` q#k~vWmtw~, pvwQn
nWwQ @vns~ kQrWm sm|bn~{v v&`p`r @m@hyvWmtw~ apt h#k.
ap vQsQn~ a@nk~ ay@g~ k}` kQrW@m| nQqhstw~, aqhs~ pYk`X kQrW@m|
nQqhstw~ gr# kl yEwOy.
pEvw~ pw~, r$pv`hQNQy sh gOvn~ vQqElQy htq sm`n a`k`r@y~ nQqhsk~
a#w.
18
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy: ap@g~ @p`qE b#[Wm
o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ ht a`gmk~ aqhn~@n~ n#wQv sQtWmtq nQqhs a#w. sQy
a`gm @h`~ vQX~v`sy kOmk~ vEvq rjy mgQn~ sQyUm pErv#sQyn~ ht
ek@s~ slkyQ.
a`gm| @b`@h`~myk~ wQbWm @h~wO@vn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| uq~qWp~w
bhEsAs~k^wQk sm`jyk~ bQhQ kQrWmt @h~wOvW wQ@b|.
@b`@h`~ a`gm| swOv rWwWn~ wQbENq @m|v` o|s~@tY|lQy`nE nWwWn~ @n`@v|.
uq`hrN vX@yn~, qr#vn~@g~ rFkvrNy sh @q~pL @bq` g#nWm a#wOU
qQk~ks`q lb` g#nW@m| kQYy`ptQp`tQy, o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv vQsQn~
sm|mw krn lq nWwQyt anEkSlv vQy yEwOy. sQyUm o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~
ht @mm nWwQ mgQn~ a`r]`v lb` g#nWmt ayQwQy a#w. ek avs~}`vk
ek~ a@ykOt vd` v#dQ @q@nkO smM vQv`hvWm v#nQ smhr a`gmQk sh
sAs~k^wQk pEhENE o|s~@tY|lQy`nE nWwQyt pth#nQy.
ap@g~ sm`n`w~mw`vy
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| a#wQ sm`n`w~mw`vy
s~wWY pEr#; bv, j`wQy, a`b`{Qw bv @h`~ vys @h~wO@vn~ kQsQ@vkO ht
@vns~ a`k`rykt @n`slkn bv whvEr# kQrWm s[h` o|s~@tY|lQy`@v|
nWwQ gNn`vk~ a#w.
s~wWYn~ sh pEr#;yn~ awr sm`n`w~mw`vy
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| s~wWYn~ sh pEr#;yn~ ht sm`n ayQwQv`sQkm| a#w. s~wWY
pEr#;x`vy @h~wO@vn~ @vnskt lk~ kQrWm o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| nWwQyt
pth#nQy.
vQv`hy v#nQ pEq~glQk k`rN` sm|bn~{@yn~ s~wWY pEr#; @qp`r\Xvytm
sQy s~v`{Wn wWrN g#nW@m| ayQwQy a#wQ awr wr\jny kQrWm @h`~
hQAs`@vn~ a`r]` kQrWmt nWwQ pYwQp`qn a#w.
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| sQtQn ay ht o|n$m a`gmk~ a#qhWmt nQqhs a#w
s~wWY pEr#; @qp`r\Xvytm a{&`pny sh rFkWr]` sm|bn~{@yn~ sm`n
avs~}` a#w. s~wWY pEr#; @qp`r\Xvytm Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWmtw~
p`r\lQ@m|n~wO m#wQvrNyt shx`gQvWmtw~ h#k. s~wWY pEr#;
@qp`r\Xvytm o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`r]k hmEq`vt sh @p`lWsQyt b#[Wmt
h#k. a{QkrNy iqQrQ@y~ s~wWY pEr#; @qp`r\Xvytm sm`n a`k`ryt
slkyQ.
sm`n avs~}` l#bWm
ap sm`j@y~ pAwQ @vnsk~ a#wQ bv o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ vQX~v`s @n`kryQ.
e~ @vnEvt, @k`@h~ gQyw~ s`{`rNy a#wQ s`{`rN sm`jyk~ a#wQ bvt
apQ vQX~v`s krmE. @myQn~ aqhs~ vn~@n~ ym| a@ykO jWvQw@y~ lb` gn~n`
o|n$m @qyk~ sQy qhdQy mhn~sQ@yn~ sh q]kmQn~ lb` gn~n` @q~vl~
mQs ovEn~@g~ {ny @h`~ psEbQm @h~wO@vn~ lb` gn~n` e~v` @n`vQy yEwO
bvyQ. uq`hrN vX@yn~, ym| a@ykO rFkQy`vk~ @h`~ uss~vWmk~ l#bQy
yEw~@w~ sQy nQpENw`vy, h#kQy`v @h`~ pLpEr#q~q mw mQsk sQy psEbQm
mw @n`@v|.
s~wYW pEr#; s#mt yE{ hmEq`vt, n`vQk hmEq`vt sh gOvn~ hmEq`vt b#[Wmt h#kQy`v a#w
sQy qhdQy mhn~sQ@yn~ sh q]k@mn~ v&`p`ryn~hQ, v^w~wWyn~hQ, kl`
@l`v, rj@y~ @s~v@y~ sh kWYd` @]~wY@y~ pYmEKyn~vR nv sAkYmNQkyn~
sm|bn~{ k}` @b`@h`~myk~ o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| a#w.
sQyUm o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ ht vQX~v vQq&`lyt y`@m| avs~}`v a#w
2 vn @k`ts – o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pYj`wn~wYv`qW vQX~v`syn~, ayQwQv`sQkm| sh nQqhs
19
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~ ht a#wQ vgkWm|
sh vrpYs`q
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| s~}Qr @n~v`sQk@ykO vX@yn~ ob q#ntmw~ nQqhs~ sh
pYj`wn~wYv`qW sm`jyk jWvw~vW@m| vrpYs`qy xOk~wQ vQ[QmQn~ sQtW. ob
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ@ykO vRvQt obt nv vgkWm| a#wQ@v|. obt nv
pYwQl`xyn~q l#@bnE a#w.
vgkWm| - ob vQsQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`vt lb` @qn@q~
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ@ykO vX@yn~ ob phw @q~ kl yEwOy:
• •nWwQyt avnw vWm
• •@fdrl~, sh pY`n~w @h`~ sn~wk pY@q~X m#wQvrNvlqQ
sh jnmw vQc`rNykqW Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWm
• •avX& avs~}`vk o|s~@tY|lQy`v a`r]` kQrWm
• •k#[vE avs~}`vk jRrQ @s~vyt shx`gQvWm.
vrpYs`q - o|s~@tY|lQy`v mgQn~ obt lb`@qn @q~
o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvkO vX@yn~ obt phw ayQwWn~ a#w:
• •@fdrl~, sh pY`n~w @h`~ sn~wk pY@q~X m#wQvrNvlqQ
sh jnmw vQc`rNykqW Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWm
• •o|s~@tY|lQy`nE r`j& @s~v@y~ @h`~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`r]k
hmEq`@v| r`jk`rQ kQrWmt ayqEm| kQrWm
@fdrl~, sh pY`n~w @h`~ sn~wk pY@q~X
m#wQvrNvlqQ sh jnmw vQc`rNykqW Cn~qy
p`vQc|cQ kQrWm
sQyUm o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~ ht Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWm v#qgw~
ayQwQv`sQkmk~ @mn~m v#qgw~ vgkWmk~q@v|. ap Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ
krn~@n~ p`r\lQ@m|n~wO@v|qW apv nQ@y`~jny kQrWmt ap k#mwQ ay
@vnE@vn~y. @m@s~ Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWm mgQn~ rt p`lny kQrWm
sm|bn~{@yn~ apt hVk~ a#wQ vn awr o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| an`gwy
sm|bn~{@yn~ ap@g~ q`ykw~vyq lb` qQy h#kQ vnE a#w.
pErv#sQ@ykO vX@yn~ @fdrl~ sh pY`n~w @h`~ sn~wk pY@q~X
m#wQvrNvlqW obt nQwQpw` Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWmt sQqEvnE a#w.
kl`wOrkQn~, o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v @vns~ kQrWm s[h` vn
jnmw vQc`rNykqW obt Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWmt sQqEvnE a#w.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v sm|bn~{ v#dQqEr vQs~wr 3 vn
@k`t@s~ rjy sh o|s~@tY|lQy`nE nWwQy @k`tsQn~ lb`gw h#k.
vys avEr#qE 18 @h`~ It v#dQ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~ Cn~q hQmQ
n`m@l~KN@y~ nm sh lQpQny lQy`pqQAcQ kl yEwOy. ob@g~ nm Cn~q
hQmQ n`m@l~KNyt a#wOlw~ klvQt, vys avEr#qE 18 @h`~ It v#dQ
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~ vQsQn~ @fdrl~ sh pY`n~w @h`~ sn~wk pY@q~X
m#wQvrNvlqW Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWm anQv`r\&@v|.
smhr pYn~wyn~hQ pL`w~ p`ln a`ywn sm|bn~{ m#wQvrNvlqW Cn~qy
p`vQc|cQ kQrWm anQv`r\& @n`@v|.
• •p`r\lQ@m|n~wOvt @w`~r` pw~vWmt a@p~]` kQrWm
• •o|s~@tY|lQy`nE gmn~ blpwYykt ayqEm| kQrWm sh
o|s~@tY|lQy`vt nQqh@s~ n#vw a#wOUvWm
• •vQ@q~Xyk sQtQn vQt o|s~@tY|lQy`nE nQl{`rQ@ykO@gn~ upk`r
lb` g#nWm
• •vQ@q~Xvl upn~ qr#vn~ upwQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ vX@yn~
lQy`pqQAcQ kQrWm.
vgkWm|
nWwQyt avnwvWm
kYmvw~, nQqhs~ sh a`r]`k`rW sm`jyk~ pvw~v` g#nWmtw~,
ap@g~ ayQwQv`sQkm| a`r]` kQrWmtw~ rj@y~ sQtQn ap@g~ nQ@y`~jQw@y`~
nWwQ sm|p`qny krwQ. sQyUm o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ vQsQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE
p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv, pY`n~w sh sn~wk pY@q~X p`r\lQ@m|n~wO sh pL`w~ p`ln
a`ywn mgQn~ pnvn nWwQvlt avnw vQy yEwOy.
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| smhr v#qgw~ nWwQ sm|bn~{ v#dQqEr vQs~wr 3 vn
@k`t@s~, rjy sh o|s~@tY|lQy`nE nWwQy @k`tsQn~ lb` gw h#k.
20
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy: ap@g~ @p`qE b#[Wm
@fdrl~, pY`n~w @h`~ sn~wk pY@q~X sh pL`w~ p`ln a`ywn sm|bn~{ m#wQvrNvlqW
Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWm mgQn~ ap@g~ aqhs~ pYk`X kl h#k
avX&w`vyk~ a#wQvR vQt o|s~@tY|lQy`v a`r]` kQrWm
o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `nE a`r]k hmEq`@v| @s~vy kQrm
W s~@v|cC
| ` vn awr,
avX&w`vyk~ a#wQvR vQt o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `nE pErv#sQyn~ vQsn
Q ~ o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `v a`r]`
kQrm
W t sh ehQ jWvn rt`v a`r]` kQrm
W t k#pvWm iw` v#qgw~@v|.
k#[vE avs~}`vk jRrQ @s~vyt shx`gQvWm
jRrQ@y~ @s~vy kQrWm vys avEr#qE 18 t @h`~ It v#dQ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE
pErv#sQyn~@g~ vgkWmkQ. jRrQy ynE a{QkrN ndEvkqW s`]Qvlt svn~qW
ym| a@ykO ahQAskq n#wQnm| v#rqQkr#@vkOq yn~n wWrNy krn
s`m`n& o|s~@tY|lQy`nE k`n~w`vn~ sh pQrQmQn~@gn~ smn~vQw kN~d`ymkQ.
@mm hqQsQ avs~}`vlt, r@t| klblk`rW avs~}`vn~ sh s~v`x`vQk
v&`snyn~ a#wOlw~@v|. @mm nQl{`rWn~ ht hqQsQ gmn~ blpwY lb` qQy
h#kQ awr hqQsQ anwOr#, qr#NE asnWp @h`~ mrN v#nQ avs~}`vl
up@qs~ sh upk`r lb`qQy h#kQy.
ob @vnw~ rtk sQtQn vQt em r@thQ nWwQyt avnw vQy yEwOy.
Cn~q hQmQ n`m @l~KN@y~ sQtQn o|n$m o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ@ykOv jRrQ
ktyRwO kQrWmt k#[vQy h#k.
vQ@q~Xvl upn~ qr#vn~ upwQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~
vX@yn~ lQy`pqQAcQ kQrWm
a{QkrN kYmy vQv^w sh s`{`rN bv shwQk kQrWmt jRrQ @s~vy
upk`r@v|.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~ ht vQ@q~Xvl upn~ qr#vn~ sQtQy h#k. ovEn~t
sQy qr#vn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~ @ls lQy`pqQAcQ kl h#k. @mm
qr#vn~ ht e@s~ lQy`pqQAcQ kQrW@mn~ psE @mrt upn~ qr#vn~t a#wQ
pErv#sQ ayQwQv`sQkm| sh vgkWm| a#wQ@v|.
vrpYs`q
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE r`j& @s~v@y~ sh o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`r]
k hmEq`@v| @s~vyt ayqEm| kQrWm
ob o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `nE pErv#sQ@ykO nm|, o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `nE r`j& @s~vyt sm|bn~{vW
v#d kQrm
W t ayqEm| kl h#k. @m|v`t uq`hrN nm| @sn~tr\ln
Q k
~
(Centrelink)~, @mdQ@ky` (Medicare) @h`~ o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `nE bqE k`r\&`ly
(Australian Taxation Office).
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~ ht o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`r]k hmEq`@v| rFkQy`vk
nQyEwO vWmt ayqEm| kQrW@m| ayQwQyq a#w (yE{ hmEq`v, n`vQk hmEq`v sh
gOvn~ hmEq`v).
p`r\lQ@m|n~wOvt @w`~r` pw~vWmt iqQrQpw~vWm
vys avEr#qE 18 @h`~ It v#dQ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~ ht @fdrl~,
pY`n~w sh sn~wk pY@q~X m#wQvrNvlqW p`r\lQ@m|n~wOvt @w`~r`
pw~vWmt iqQrQpw~ vQy h#k. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wOvk ktyEwO kQrWmt
avs~}`v l#bWm @g_rvyk~ @mn~m v#qgw~ vgkWmkQ.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sm`j@y~ ktyEwOvlt
shx`gQvWm
sQyUm pErv#sQyn~ ht s`m`jWy ktyEwOvlt shx`gQ vn @ls
o|s~@tY|lQy`v unn~qE kryQ. s`m`jWy ktyEwOvlt shx`gQ vn pErv#sQyn~
o|s~@tY|lQy`vt nn~ ayErQn~ q`ykw~vy qk~vyQ. obt asl~v`sWn~ smM
sh pL`@w~ pYj` v#dvlt sm|bn~{ vQy h#k. s`m`jWy sh pYj` v#d
kQrWmt obt s~@v|c|C`@vn~ shx`gQ vQy h#k. obt kl` @h`~ sAs~k^wQk
sAvQ{`nykt sm|bn~{ vQy h#k. obt skWYy @ls @q~Xp`ln
ktyEwOvltq shx`gQ vQy h#k.
ob o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pYj`v @vw @klQn~m q`ykw~vy qk~vn wvw~ v#qgw~
kYmyk~ vn~@n~ bqE @gvWm mgQnQ. ob bqE @gvn~@n~ rFkQy`vkQn~ @h`~
v&`p`rykQn~ @h`~ a`@y`~jn vlQn~ upyn mEql~ sm|bn~{@ynQ.
ob o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQykO vRvQt, obt o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| nQqh@s~
jWvw~vWmt ayQwQyk~ a#w.
o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `nEvn~ xOkw
~ Q vQ[n
Q @b`@h`~ pYwl
Q `x xOkw
~ Q vQ[m
W phsEvW a#w~@w~
bqE @h~w@O vnQ. bqE mEql~ vQyqm| krn~@n~ @s_K&y, a{&`pny, a`r]`v,
mh` m`r\g sh qEmr| y
Q sh sm`j a`r]N yn @s~v` s[h`y. ob v#d
kQrm
W sh bqE @gvWm mgQn~ o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `nE pYj`v ht @mm v#qgw~ @s~v`
s#pyWmt rjyt upk`r kl h#k. aq @mm r@thQ wQ@bn s`m`k`mW bv
sh sm^q~{y
Q s[h` @mm @s~v` upk`r@v|. @s~v` s[h` @gvWm s[h`
pY`n~w sh sn~wk pY@q~Xq, pL`w~ p`ln a`ywnq bqE rFs~ kryQ.
obt o|s~@tY|lQy`nE gmn~ blpwYykt ayqEm| kQrWmt ayQwQyk~ a#w.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQykO vX@yn~ obt nQqh@s~ vQ@q~X rtvlt @g`s~
n#vw o|s~@tY|lQy`vt p#mQNQy h#k. obt n#vw o|s~@tY|lQy`vt p#mQNWmt
vWs` blpwYyk~ avX& @n`@v|.
bqE @gvWm nWw@Q y~ avX&w`vykQ. v&`p`r sh pEqg
~ lyn~@gn~
o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `nE bqE k`r\&`ly (ATO) bqE rFs~ kryQ. sQyUm pErv#sQyn~ sQy
bqE ayQwn
W ~ sh nQsQ pYm`Nyt bqE @gvW@m| vgkWm sm|bn~{v q#nEvw~ bv
whvEr# kQrm
W t ATO mgQn~ avX& ktyEwO sQqE kryQ.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE gmn~ blpwYykt ayqEm| kQrWm sh
o|s~@tY|lQy`vt nQqh@s~ n#vw a#wOUvWm
vQ@q~Xyk sQtQn vQt o|s~@tY|lQy`nE nQl{`rQ@ykO@gn~
upk`r lb` g#nWm
@b`@h`~ rtvl, o|s~@tY|lQy`nE w`n`pwQ k`r\&`lyk~, mh` @k`ms`rQs~
k`r\&`lyk~ @h`~ @k`n~sQyE@l~t| k`r\&`lyk~ a#w. ob vQ@q~Xyk sQtQn vQt
avX& avs~}`vk ev#nQ nQl{`rQykO@gn~ upk`r il~l` sQtQy h#k.
2 vn @k`ts – o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pYj`wn~wYv`qW vQX~v`syn~, ayQwQv`sQkm| sh nQqhs
21
3 vn @k`ts
rjy sh o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| nWwQy
@mw#n~ ptn~ iqQrQyt,
m` o|s~@tY|lQy`vt sh ehQ jnw`vt p]p`wW vn bvtw~,
ovEn~@g~ pYj`wn~wYv`qW vQX~v`syn~ m` @bq`hq` gn~n` bvtw~,
ovEn~@g~ ayQwWn~ sh nQqhst m` gr# krn bvtw~, e@s~m
ovEn~@g~ nWwWn~ m` pQLQgn~n` sh gr# krn bvtw~, @qvQyn~ vhn~@s~ iqQrQ@y~ pYwQZ` @qmQ, *
* ‘@qvQyn~ vhn~@s~ iqQrQ@y~’ yn vcn x`vQw` kQrWmt @h`~ @n`kQrWmt wm`t wWrNy kl h#k.
22
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy: ap@g~ @p`qE b#[Wm
rjy sh o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| nWwQy
pErv#sQx`vy lb` g#nW@m| uw~sv@y~qW, o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| nWwQy rFkg#nWm sh eyt avnw vn bvt ob vQsQn~ pYwQZ`vk~ lb`@q~. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE r`j&
kYmy, ap@g~ p`r\lQ@m|n~wO pYj`wn~wYv`qy wOl nWwQy sm|p`qny krn a`k`ry sh @mm nWwQ prQp`lny krn a`k`ry sm|bn~{@yn~ av@b`~{ kr
g#nWm obt v#qgw~@v|. ob r@thQ pErv#sQ@ykO vX@yn~ rt p`lny kQrWm sm|bn~{@yn~ obt a#wQ hV sm|bn~{@yn~ q#ng#nWmq v#qgw~@v|.
m`@g~ hV ngn~@n~ @k@s~q?
Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWm mgQn~
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| vys avEr#qE 18 sh It v#dQ pErv#sQyn~ @fdrl~
m#wQvrNykqW Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWmt lQy`pqQAcQ vQy yEwOy. Cn~qy
p`vQc|cQ kQrWm mgQn~ obv nQ@y`~jny kQrWmt p`r\lQ@m|n~wO@v|
sQtQn~@n~ kvEr#n~q yn~n obt wWrNy kl h#k. ob nQsQ @ls
lQy`pqQAcQ vW n#wQnm|, m#wQvrNykqW obt Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWmt
@n`h#kQ vnE a#w.
ob Cn~qhQmQ n`m@l~KNyt a#wOlw~vR vQt, o|s~@tY|lQy`nE @fdrl~
sh pY`n~w @h`~ sn~wk pY@q~X m#wQvrNvlqW Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWm
anQv`r\&@v|. ob m#wQvrNykqW Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ k@l~ @n`m#wQ nm| sh
Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ @n`kQrWmt @h`[ @h~wOvk~ @n`wQbENQ nm|, ob ht qdyk~
@gvWmt sQqE@v|. Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kQrWm anQv`r\& kQrWm mgQn~ ap @w`~r`
gn~n` ay, ap@g~ bhEwry k#mwQ ay vn bvt shwQk@v|.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE m#wQvrN @k`mQsm (Australian Electoral
Commission (AEC)) @k`mn~@vl~w~ rj@y~ a`ywnykQ. @m| mgQn~
@fdrl~ m#wQvrN sh jnmw vQc`rN pvw~vn awr
@k`mn~@vl~w~ rj@y~ Cn~q hQmQ n`m @l~KNy pvw~v` @gn yyQ. @m|
mgQn~ Cn~qq`ykyn~ ht s`{`rN sh avAk m#wQvrN lb`@q~. @my
rj@yn~ s~v`{Wn@v|. @mhQ wWrNvlt @q~Xp`ln p]vlt @h`~ rj@y~
sQtQn ay ht blp$m| kl @n`h#k. Cn~qy rhs~ Cn~q a`k`ryt pYk`X
krn b#vQn~ obt k#mwQ o|n$m a@p~]k@ykOt Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kl
h#k. ob Cn~qy pYk`X krn~@n~ k` htq yn~n kQsQ@vkOtw~ q#kQy
@n`h#k. ob Cn~qy lb` qEn~@n~ k` htq yn~n an~ ayt kQv h#kQ
vEvq, e@s~ kQyn @ls kQsQ a@ykOt ob ht bl kl @n`h#k.
ap@g~ r`j& kYmy ap sks` gw~@w~
@k@s~q?
@fd@r\;Ny
1901 t @pr o|s~@tY|lQy`v @vn~vE, s~vyA p`ln bQYw`n& ytw~ vQjQw
hyk~ vX@yn~ p#vwQN.
ek~ ek~ ytw~ vQjQwy wOl, sQy a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v sh a`r]`v,
sAkYmN nWwQy, w#p#l~, @vL[ sh pYv`hny sm|bn~{ sQy nWwQ
p#vwQNQ.
@h~wO gNn`vk~ mw ytw~ vQjQw sQyl~lm ekm o|s~@tY|lQy`vk~ kQrWmt
mQnQsEn~t avX&vQy. ytw~ vQjQw awr @vLq`m sh pYv`hny vQyqm|
a{Qk sh mn~qg`mW vQy. @q~X sWm` os~@s~ nWwQy kQYy`w~mk kQrWm qE;~kr
vQy. @vnw~ ytw~ vQjQwvl a`r]k kYmq qEr\vl vQy. vd`w~m v#qgw~
@ls, o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| j`wQk ann&w`vy @g`dn#gWm a`rm|xvW wQbQNQ.
kWYd` kN~d`ym| j`w&n~wr vX@yn~ nQ@y`~jny krmQn~ sQtQ awr jnpQYy
sQAqE, kvQ, k}`n~qr sh kl` @]~wYvl e~kWy o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sAs~k^wQyk~
@g`d n#@gmQn~ p#vwQNQ.
j`wQy ek~sw~ kQrWm x`rqRr k`r\&yk~ vEvq, k`lyk~ wQs~@s~ ek~
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE j`wQyk~ yn aqhs y}`r\}yk~ bvt pw~vQy. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE
j`wQy vQp~lv@yn~ @h`~ @l~ v#gQrW@mn~ bQhQ @n`vW s`kc|C`@vn~ sh
jnmw vQc`rN@yn~ bQhQvWm sm|bn~{@yn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ a`dm|br@v|.
1901 jnv`rQ 1 vn qQn, ytw~ vQjQw pY`n~w vlQn~ smn~vQw
@fd@r\;Nyk~ bvt o|s~@tY|lQy`v pw~vR awr @my @k`mn~@vl~w~ of~
o|s~@tY|lQy` (Commonwealth of Australia) @ls h[En~vyQ.
ob@g~ p`r\l@Q m|nw
~ O nQ@y`~jw
Q y` smM obt a#wQ
pYXn
~ yk~ mwOkl h#k
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v|, ob vQsQn~ @w`~r` pw~kr gw~ nQ@y`~jQwy`@gn~ obt a#wQ
pYX~nyk~ a#sWmt ayQwQy obt a#w. nv nWwQ sm|p`qn@y~qW @h`~ pvwQn
nWwQ @vns~ kQrW@m|qW ob@g~ aqhs~ s#lkQl~lt gw h#k. uq`hrN
vX@yn~ sAkYmN kYmy qQyENE kQrWm sm|bn~{@yn~ obt @y`~jn`vk~
a#wQnm|, ob@g~ pY@q~X@y~ p`r\lQ@m|n~wO mn~wWY smM @my s`kc|C`
kQrWmt hmEvWmk~ sRq`nm| kr gw h#k. ob@g~ aqhs~ qk~v` lQpQyk~
lQvWmtq obt h#kQy.
@m| a`k`ryt, rj@y~ nWwQy sh pYwQpw~wQ sks~ kQrWm sm|bn~{@yn~ ob
ht hVk~ a#w.
3 vn @k`ts – rjy sh o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| nWwQy
23
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v
rj@y~ bly p`lny krn~@n~ @k@s~q?
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ mRlQk rWwWn~ qk~v` a#wQ nWw&`nEkSl lQyvQl~l 1900
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}` pnw@v| (Commonwealth of
Australia Constitution Act 1900). o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm
v&vs~}`v pY}m@yn~m 1900 bQYw`n& p`r\lQ@m|n~wO pnw (British Act
of Parliament in 1900) vX@yn~ sm|mw krgn~n` lqW. 1901
jnv`rQ 1 vn qQn a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v bl`w~mk vR vQt o|s~@tY|lQy`nE
ytw~ vQjQw @k`mn~@vl~w~ of~ o|s~@tY|lQy` (Commonwealth of
Australia) @lsQn~ ek~ s~v`{Wn r`j&yk~ bvt pw~vQy.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v mgQn~ rj@y~ aAX wOnk~ aw@r\
bly @bq`qW a#w. @myQn~ sQqEvn~@n~ ek~ pEq~glykO @h`~ ek~ pEq~gl
kN~d`ymk~ vQsQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`v p`lny kQrW@m| sm|pRr\N bly lb` g#nWm
n#v#w~vWmyQ.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v mgQn~ mhjn mn~wWY mN~dlykQn~
sh @s@nt| sx`vkQn~ yEw~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv pQhQtEvn lqW.
a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v mgQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| nWwWn~ aq`l kr g#nWmt sh
ar\} nQr$pNy kQrWmt bly a#wQ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE @X~Y;~T`{QkrNyk~
(High Court of Australia) pQhQtEvn lqW.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v @vns~ kl h#k~@k~ jnmw vQc`rNy
n#m#wQ vQ@X~; Cn~qykQn~ pmNQ.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v jnmw vQc`rNykqW @vns~
kQrWmt, bhEwr @qkk~ avX&@v|. @myQn~ aqhs~ vn~@n~ pY`n~w v#dQ
pYm`Nyk sQtQn v#dQ pYm`Nyk Cn~qq`ykyn~ sh rt pEr`m bhEwr
Cn~qq`ykyn~q @mm @vnst Cn~qy pYk`X klyEwO bvyQ.
v&vs~}`q`yk bly
nWwQy sm|p`qny kQrW@m| sh @vns~ kQrW@m| bly p`r\lQ@m|n~wOvt
a#w. p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv s$qW a#w~@w~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~ vQsQn~
@w`~r` pw~kr gn~n` nQ@y`~jQwyn~@gnQ.
vQ{`yk bly
vQ{`yk bly ynE nWwQy kQYy`vt n#gWmt avX& blyyQ.
vQ{`ykyt a#wOlw~ vn~@n~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ am`w&vr#n~ sh
agY`N~dEk`rvry`y. ek~ ek~ am`w&vry` rj@y~ @qp`r\w@m|n~wO
ekk~ @h`~ v#dQ sAK&`vk~ sm|bn~{@yn~ vgkWm qryQ.
a{QkrN bly
nWwQy ar\} nQr$pNyt sh nWwQy aq`l kr g#nWmt
vQnQX~cyk`rvr#n~t bly a#w. a{QkrN sh vQnQX~cyk`rvr#n~,
p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv sh rj@yn~ s~v`{Wn@v|.
@mm blwl o|s@~ tYl
| yQ `nE a`N~dk
E m
Y v&vs~}`@v| lQy` a#w.
o|s@~ tYl| yQ `@v| r`j& n`yky` kvEr#n~q?
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| r`j& n`yQk`v vn~@n~ o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| mh rFjQN vn
awQgr# @qvn elQs@bw~ mh r#jQN@v|.
mh rFjQN ht o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| eqQ@nq` r`j& p`ln@y~ k`r\& x`ryk~
@n`m#w. mh rFjQN vQsQn~ a#y@g~ nQ@y`~jQwy` vX@yn~
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| agY`m`w&vry`@g~ up@qs~ mw agY`N~dEk`rvry`v pw~
kryQ. agY`N~dEk`rvry` sQyUm @q~Xp`ln p]vlQn~ s~v`{Wnv ktyEwO
kryQ.
agY`N~dEk`rvry`@g~ wnwOrt sm`n a`k`ryt mh rFjQNv nQ@y`~jny
krn a`N~dEk`rvr@yk~ ek~ ek~ pY`n~wy wOl sQtW.
a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}` r`j`N~dE kYmy
(Constitutional monarchy)
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}` r`j`N~dE kYmyk~ a#w. a`N~dEkYm
v&vs~}` r`j`N~dE kYmyk~ a#wQ rtk r`j& n`yky` vX@yn~ r@jkO @h`~
rFjQNk sQtQyq, em ay a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`vt anEv ktyEwO kl yEwOy.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wO pYj`wn~wYv`qW kYmy qXk kQhQpyk~ pEr`
vr\{ny vENE bQYw`n& kYmy mw pqnm|vW a#w. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE kYmy wOl
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ n`yky` agY`m`w&vry`y.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v
24
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy: ap@g~ @p`qE b#[Wm
agY`N~dEk`rvry`@g~ k`r\& x`ry
agY`N~dEk`rvry` phw ktyEwO itE kryQ:
• o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv mgQn~ sm|mw krn pnw~ @ktEm| pw~
aw~sn~ kr nWwQ bvt pw~ kQrWm (@my r`jkWy anEm#wQy qWm
(Royal Assent) ynE@vn~ h#[Qn~@v|)
• •@rgOl`sQvlt aw~sn~ kQrWm
• •uw~svvlt aq`l r`jk`rQ itEkQrWm
• •o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rjy sh ehQ am`w&vr#, @fdrl~ vQnQX~cykr#vn~
sh @vnw~ nQl{`rWn~@g~ pw~kQrWm| anEmw kQrWm.
agY`N~dEk`rvry` swOv ‘@vn~krn lq blwl’ @ls h#qQn~@vn vQ@X~;Qw
avs~}`vl pmNk~ x`vQw` kl h#kQ vQ@X~; blwlq a#w.
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| n`ykyn~ kvEr#n~q?
r`j& n`yky`
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| mh rFjQN
agY`N~dEk`rvry`
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| r`j& n`yky`@g~ nQ@y`~jQwy`
a`N~dEk`rvry`
ek~ ek~ pY`n~w r`j&vl r`j& n`ykyn~@g~ nQ@y`~jQwyn~
agY`m`w&
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ n`yky`
pY`n~w r`j& agm#wQ (Premier)
pY`n~w r`j& n`yky`
k#n~br`hQ p#rNQ p`r\lQ@m|n~wO mn~qQry (Old Parliament House) vQv^w krn
lq~@q~ 1927 qWy
o|s~@tY|lQy`v p`lny vn~@n~ @k@s~q?
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rjy
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rjy, @fdrl~ rjy (Federal Government) @h`~
@k`mn~@vl~w~ rjy (Commonwealth Government) @lsq
h#[Qn~@v|.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wO@v| mn~wYN sx` @qkk~ a#w:
• •nQ@y`~jQw mn~wWY mN~dly (House of Representatives)
• @s@nt| sx`v (Senate).
mn~wYN sx` @q@khQm mn~wWYvr#n~ @fdrl~ m#wQvrNykqW @klQn~m
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE mhjnw`v vQsQn~ @w`~r`pw~kr gnW. ob @fdrl~
m#wQvrNykqW Cn~qy lb`@qn vQt ob s`m`n&@yn~ mn~wYN sx`
@qktm nQ@y`~jQwyn~ @w`~ryQ.
mh` a#mwQ (Chief Minister)
sn~wk pY@q~Xyk n`yky`
rj@y~ am`w&vry`
rj@y~ n`yky` vQsQn~ ym| r`j& p`ln @]~wYyk vgkWm sm|bn~{@yn~
@w`~r`gnE lbn p`r\lQ@m|n~wO mn~wWYvr@yk~
p`r\lQ@m|n~wO mn~wWY
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE jnw`v nQ@y`~jny krn o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wOvt
Cn~q@yn~ pw~vR nQ@y`~jQw@yk~ ~
@s@nt| sxQk
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wO@v| sQtQn pY`n~w r`j&yk @h`~ sn~wk
pY@q~Xyk Cn~q@yn~ pw~vR nQ@y`~jQw@yk~
ngr`{QpwQ @h`~ @k`~rL sx`pwQ (Shire President)
pL`w~ p`ln a`ywnyk n`yky`
k#n~br`hQ nv p`r\lQ@m|n~wO mn~qQry (New Parliament House) vQv^w krn
lq~@q~ 1988 qWy
pL`w~ sxQk
pL`w~ p`ln a`ywnyk Cn~q@yn~ pw~vR nQ@y`~jQw@yk~
3 vn @k`ts –– rjy sh o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| nWwQy
25
nQ@y`~jQw mn~wYW mN~dly
(House of Representatives)
nQ@y`~jQw mn~wYW mN~dly smhr avs~}`vl phL mn~wWY mN~dly @h`~
jnw` mn~wWY mN~dly @ls h[En~vyQ.
o|s~@tY|lQy`v @fdrl~ m#wQvrN @k`t|T`Xvlt @bq` a#w. ek~ ek~
m#wQvrN @k`t|T`Xvl sQtQn o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ wm`v mhjn mn~wYW
mN~dl@y~ nQ@y`~jny kQrWmt ek~ pEq~gl@ykO ht Cn~qy lb`@q~.
nQ@y`~jQwy` h[En~vn~@n~ p`r\lQ@m|n~wO mn~wWY vX@ynQ (MP).
ek~ ek~ pY`n~wy sh sn~wk pY@q~Xyt aq`l mn~wv
YW r#n~ sAK&`v wWrNy
vn~@n~ jnghN@y~ pYm`Ny anEvy. o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `nE pErv#sQyn~ nQ@y`~jw
Q
mn~wYW mN~dlyt nQ@y`~jw
Q yn~ 150 @q@nkO @w`~r` pw~kr gnW.
nQ@y`~jQw mn~wWY mN~dl@y~ v#qgw~ k`r\& x`ry vn~@n~ nv nWwQ @h`~
pvwQn nWwQvlt @gn en @vns~km| sm|bn~{ @y`~jn` slk` bl`,
vQv`q kr, Cn~qy lb` qWmyQ. nQ@y`~jQw mn~wWY mN~dl@y~ s`m`jQkyn~
j`wQk v#qgw~kmkQn~ yEw~ kr#NEq slk` blyQ.
nQ@y`~jQw mn~wYW mN~dly
@s@nt| sx`v (Senate)
@s@nt| sx`v smhr avs~}`vl uw~wr mn~wWY mN~dly, vQmr\;N
mn~wWY mN~dly @h`~ r`j& mn~wYN sx`v @lsq h[En~vyQ.
jnghN@y~ vQX`lw~vy @n`slk`, pY`n~wyn~ @s@nt| sx`@v|
nQ@y`~jny@v|. ek~ ek~ pY`n~wy mgQn~ nQ@y`~jQwyn~ 12 @q@nk~ @w`~r`
pw~kr gnW. sn~wk pY@q~X @qk mgQn~ nQ@y`~jQwyn~ @q@qn` b#gQn~ pw~
kryQ. sm|pRr\N vX@yn~ nQ@y`~jQwyn~ 76 @q@nkO @w`~r` pw~kr gn~n`
awr ovEn~ @s@nt| sxQkyn~ (Senators) @ls h[En~vyQ.
nv nWwQ @h`~ pvwQn nWwv
Q lt @gn en @vns~km| sm|bn~{ @y`~jn`
slk` bl`, vQv`q kr, Cn~qy lb`qWm @s@nt| sxQkyn~ vQsn
Q q~ sQqE kryQ.
@s@nt| sxQkyn~ vQsn
Q ~ j`wQk v#qgw~kmkQn~ yEw~ kr#NEq slk` blyQ.
@s@nt| sx`v
pY`n~w sh sn~wk pY@q~X rjyn~
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pY`n~w r`j& hyk~ sh sn~wk pY@q~X @qkk~ a#w. s$m pY`n~w r`j&yk~ swOvm sQy a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`vk~ sh sQy p`r\lQ@m|n~wOvk~ a#w.
pY`n~w sh sn~wk pY@q~X rjyn~ pQhQtEv` a#w~@w~ sQy agngrvly.
pY`n~w rjyk pY{`nQy` vn~@n~ pY`n~w r`j& agm#wQ (Premier) vn awr sn~wk pY@q~Xyk pY{`nQy` vn~@n~ pY{`n am`w&vry`y (Chief Minister).
pY`n~w r`j& kQYy`w~mk vn~@n~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rjy kQYy`w~mk vn a`k`rytmy. s$m pY`n~wykm, a`N~dEk`rvry` vQsQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| mh rFjQN
nQ@y`~jny kryQ. @n`qr\n~ @trQtrQ hQ, agY`N~dEk`rvry` vQsQn~ prQp`lkvr@ykO (Administrator) pw~ kryQ. prQp`lkvry`@g~ k`r\& x`ry sh
vgkWm pY`n~w r`j& a`N~dEk`rvrykO@g~ vgkWm h` sm`n@v|.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ @mn~m, sQy pL`w nQ@y`~jny kQrWm s[h` Cn~qq`ykyn~ vQsQn~ Cn~q@yn~ nQ@y`~jQw@ykO @w`~r` pw~kr gnW. @mm nQ@y`~jQwyn~
pY`n~w@y~ @h`~ sn~wk pY@q~X p`r\lQ@m|n~wO@v| s`m`jQk@ykO@v|.
pL`w~ p`lny
pY`n~wyn~ sh @n`qr\n~ @trQtrQy pL`w~ p`ln bl pY@q~Xvlt @bq` a#w. @m|v` agngr (cities), @k`~rL (shires), ngr (towns) @h`~ mh ngr sx`
(municipalities) @ls h#qQnv
~ y
Q h#k. s$m pY@q~Xyktm sQy pl`w~ p`ln a`ywnyk~ a#w. kLmN`krNy sh sQy @q~Xy
W pYj`vt @s~v` s#pyWm @mm
pL`w~ p`ln a`ywnvl vgkWm@v|. s$m pL`w~ p`ln bl pY@q~Xykm sQtn
Q pErv#sQyn~ sQy pL`w~ mn~wv
YW r#n~ Cn~q@yn~ @w`~r` pw~kr gnW.
26
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy: ap@g~ @p`qE b#[Wm
mt|tm| wO@n~ rjyn~ mgQn~ krn~@n~
@m`nv`q?
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rjy vgkWm qrN kr#NE:
• •bqE ay kQrWm
• •j`wQk a`r\}Qk kLmN`krNy
• •sAkYmN sh pErv#sQx`vy
• •rFkWr]`
• •w#p#l~ @s~v` sh sn~nQ@v|qn j`ly
• •sm`j a`r]Ny (vQXY`m v#tEp~ sh pvEl~ a`{`r)
• •a`r]`v
• •@vL[`m
j`wQk a`r\}Qk kLmN`krNy sm|bn~{@yn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rjy vgkWm qryQ
• •gOvn~ @w`tEpl sh gOvn~ a`r]`v
• •vQ@q~X ktyEwO (@vnw~ rtvl~ smM sm|bn~{w`vy).
pY`n~w sh sn~wk pY@q~X vgkWm qrN kr#NE:
• •a`@r`~g&X`l` sh @s_K&y @s~v`
• •p`s#l~
• •qEm|rQy
• •m`r\g sh r}v`hn gmn`gmny p`lny
• •vn sm|bn~{ ktyEwO
• •@p`lWsQy
• •@p`qE gmn` gmny.
pL`w~ p`ln a`ywn (sh o|s~@tY|lQyn~ k#pQtl~ @trQtrQ rjy) vgkWm
qrN kr#NE:
a`@r`~g&X`l` sm|bn~{@yn~ r`j& sh sn~wk pY@q~X vgkWm qryQ
• •m`r\g sAZ`
• •pL`w~ mr\g, adQ p`rvl~ sh p`lm|
• •k`NE
• •uq&`n, kWYd` pQt|tnQ, pQhQnEm| wt`k, kWYd` bQm|
• •k[vEr# b[Qn bQm|, k#rvn~ p`r\k~
• •a`h`r sh ms~ vr\g prW]` kQrWm
• •Xb|q sh sw~v p`lny
• •k#LQ ksl ekwO kQrWm
• •pL`w~ pEs~wk`l, X`l` sh pYj` m{&s~}`n
• •smhr Lm` rFkvrN sh v@y`~v_q~{ rFkvrN g#tU
• •@g`dn#gQlQ blpwY
kWYd` pQt|tnQ sm|bn~{@yn~ pL`w~ p`ln a`ywn vgkWm qryQ
• •sm`j s#lsEm|krNy
• •pL`w~ p`rQsrQk g#tU.
smhr vgkWm| vQvQ{ r`j& mt|tm| aw@r\ @bq`hq` gnW. vQvQ{ r`j& mt|tm| awr sh@y`~gWw`vy unn~qE kQrWm s[h` o|s~@tY|lQy`nE r`j& kvEn~sQly
(Council of Australian Government (COAG)) pQhQtEv` a#w.
3 vn @k`ts –– rjy sh o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| nWwQy
27
o|s~@tY|lQy`v p`lny krn a`k`ryt
@q~Xp`ln p] vQsQn~ itEkrn
k`r\&x`ry kOmk~q?
@q~Xp`ln p]yk~ ynE rtk~ p`lny klyEwO a`k`ry sm|bn~{@yn~
sm`n aqhs~ qrN mQnQsEn~ kN~d`ymkQ. p]@y~ aqhs~ nWwQy bvt pw~
kQrWmt ovEn~ ek~v ktyEwO kryQ. o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pY{`n @q~Xp`ln p]
nm|, o|s~@tY|lQy`nE km|kr# p]y (Australian Labor Party),
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE lQbrl~ p]y (Liberal Party of Australia), j`wQk
p]y (Nationals) sh o|s~@tY|lQy`nE gWYn~ (Australian Greens)
p]@v|.
@b`@h`~ p`r\lQ@m|n~wO mn~wWYvr#n~ @q~Xp`ln p]vlt ayw~@v|. smhr
p`r\lQ@m|n~wO mn~wWYvr#n~ kQsQm @q~Xp`ln p]yt ayw~ @n`@v|. @mm
ay s~v`{Wn ay (Independents) @ls h[En~vyQ,
nWwQy s`qn~@n~ @k@s~q?
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~ vQsQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wO@v| wm`v
nQ@y`~jny kQrWmt nQ@y`~jQwyn~ @w`~r`gnW.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv mgQn~ j`wQ@y~ axQv^q~{Qy @vnE@vn~ nWwQ
sm|p`qny sh @vns~ kQrWm sQqEkryQ.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wO@v| nQ@y`~jQw@yk~ vQsQn~ nv nWwQyk~ @h`~
pvwQn nWwQyt @vns~ kQrWmk~ @y`~jn` kryQ. @mm @y`~jn`v pnw~
@ktEm|pwk~ @ls h[En~vyQ.
pnw~ @ktEm|pw h` ekM vn~@n~q yn~n b#lWmt nQ@y`~jQw mn~wWY
mN~dly sh @s@nt| sx`v vQv`q kr Cn~qy lb`@q~.
obt avX& nm| @q~Xp`ln p]ykt b#[Wmt obt o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| nQqhs
a#w.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rjy pQhQtEvn~@n~ @k@s~q?
mn~wYN sx` @q@k~m bhEwry pnw~ @ktEm| pwt ekM vn~@n~ nm|
ey agY`N~dEk`rvry` @vw yyQ.
m#wQvrNykt psEv, nQ@y`~jQw mn~wWY mN~dl@y~ bhEwr mn~wWYvr#n~
sQtQn @q~Xp`ln p]y @h`~ sx`gy vQsQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rjy
pQhQtEvyQ. @mm p]@y~ n`yky` o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ n`yky`, enm|
agY`m`w&vry`@v|.
agY`N~dEk`rvry` pnw~ @ktEm|pwt aw~sn~ kl vQt ey nWwQy bvt
pw~@v|. @my r`jkWy anEm#wQy @ls h[En~vyQ.
@q@vnEv v#dQpErm mn~wWY sAK&`vk~ nQ@y`~jQw mn~wWY mN~dl@y~ sQtQn
p]y @h`~ sx`gy vQr#q~{ p]y vX@yn~ h[En~vyQ. ehQ n`yky`
vQr#q~{ p] n`yky` @ls h[En~vyQ.
pY`n~w r`j& sh sn~wk pY@q~X p`r\lQ@m|n~wO @m| h` sm`n a`k`rykt
ovEn~@g~ nWwQ sm|p`qny kryQ.
p`r\lQ@m|n~wO mn~wWYvr#n~@gn~ @h`~ @s@nt| sxQkyn~@gn~ am`w&vr#n~
@w`~rn~@n~ agY`m`w&vry` vQsQnQ. am`w&vr# rFkWr]`, a`qQv`sW
ktyEwO @h`~ mh` x`N~d`g`ry v#nQ rj@y~ v#qgw~ aAX (am`w&AXy)
sm|bn~{@yn~ vgkQv yEwOy. vd` @j&;~T am`w&AX shQw
am`w&vr#n~@gn~ k#bQnt| mN~dly s$@q~. @my o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~
v#qgw~m wWrN gn~n` aAXyyQ.
nWwQn~ prQp`lny krn~@n~ @k@s~q?
a{QkrNy
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| a{QkrN mgQn~ nWwQy ar\} nQr$pNy kQrWm sh aq`l
kQrWm sQqE kryQ. @m|v` rj@yn~ s~v`{Wn@v|. ym| pEq~glykO vQsQn~ nWwQy
kdkr a#wQq n#wQq yn~n wWrNy kr qVEvm wWrNy kryQ. s$m
pEq~gl@ykO htm a{QkrN@y~qW nWwWZ@ykO mgQn~ nQ@y`~jny vWmt
ayQwQyk~ a#w. a{QkrN ht wm` iqQrQ@y~ a#wQ s`]Q mwq wWrN lb`
qQy h#k.
vQnQX~cyk`rvr#n~ sh m@h~s~wY`w~vr#n~
a{QkrN@y~ ihlm bl{`rQy` vn~@n~ vQnQX~cyk`rvry` @h`~
m@h~s~wY`w~vry`y. vQnQX~cyk`rvr#n~ sh m@h~s~wY`w~vr#n~ s~v`{Wn vn
awr kOmn wWrN ovEn~ vQsQn~ gw yEwOq yn~n k` htvw~ ovEn~ ht kQv
@n`h#k.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE @XY~;~T`{QkrNy (High Court of Australia)
28
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy: ap@g~ @p`qE b#[Wm
vQnQX~cyk`rvr#n~ sh m@h~s~wY`w~vr#n~ pw~ krn~@n~ rjy mgQn~ vEvq,
ovEn~@g~ wWrN h` ekM @n`vn avs~}`vl ovEn~v ivw~ kl @n`h#k.
jRrQ sx`v
smhr ndEvlqW ym| a@ykO nWwQy kdkr a#wQq yn~n wWrNy kQrWmt
a{QkrN vQsQn~ jRrQyk~ up@y`~gW krgnW.
jRrQy ynE mhjnw`v @vwQn~ ahBE @ls @w`~r` gn~n` s`m`n&
pEq~glyn~ kN~d`ymkQ. vQnQX~cyk`rvry` vQsQn~ jRrQyt nWwQy p#h#qQlQ
kr@q~. apr`{ ndEvkqW jRrQy vQsQn~ ym| pEq~gl@ykO v#rqQkr# bv
wWrNy kl@h`w~, vQnQX~cyk`rvry` vQsQn~ qVEvm wWrNy kryQ.
nWwQyt anEv a{QkrNyk~ mgQn~ v#rqQkr# bv wWrNy krn @wk~
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| sQtQn mQnQsEn~ nQ@q`s~ @ls slkyQ.
@p`lWsQy
@p`lWsQy vQsQn~ pYj`v wOl nWwQy sh s`my a`r]` kryQ.
ovEn~@g~ r`jk`rQy vn~@n~ jWvQw sh @q~pL a`r]` kQrWmyQ. ovEn~
rj@yn~ s~v`{Wn@v|. ym| a@ykO nWwQy kdkr a#wQ bv @p`lWsQy vQX~v`s
kryQ nm|, em ayv aw~adAgOvt @gn a{QkrNy iqQrQyt p#mQNvQy
h#k. a{QkrN@y~qW @p`lWsQyt s`]Q qQy h#kQ vEvq, ym| a@ykO@g~ v#rqQ
@h`~ nQv#rqQ bv wWrNy krn~@n~ a{QkrNy mgQnQ.
pY`n~w sh @n`qr\n~ @trQtrQ swOv sQy @p`lQs~ blk` a#w. ovEn~ apr`{
sm|bn~{@yn~ ktyEwO krn~@n~ sQy pY`n~w @h`~ sn~wk pY@q~X nWwyQ yt@w~y.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE @fdrl~ @p`lWsQy (Australian Federal Police) @lsQn~
h[En~vn j`wQk @p`lQs~ blk`yk~q o|s~@tY|lQy`v swOv a#w. mw~qYv&
j`v`rm, j`wQk a`r]`vt e@rhQ apr`{ sh prQsryt e@rhQ apr`{
v#nQ @fdrl~ nWwQ sm|bn~{@yn~ apr`{ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE @fdrl~ @p`lWsQy
mgQn~ vQmr\;Ny kryQ. o|s~@tY|lQyn~ k#pQtl~ @trQtrQ hQ s`m`n& @p`lQs~
ktyEwO sm|bn~{@yn~q o|s~@tY|lQy`nE @fdrl~ @p`lWsQy vgkWm qryQ.
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| @p`lWsQy sh pYj`v awr @h`[ sm|bn~{w`vyk~ a#w.
apr`{ sm|bn~{@yn~ @p`lQsQyt v`r\w` kl h#kQ awr ob@g~ pL`@w~
@p`lWsQ@yn~ obt upk`r il~l` sQtQy h#k.
nWwQy sm|bn~{v @n`q#nWm sm`vt @h~wOvk~ @n`vn nQs`, o|s~@tY|lQy`nE
nWwQy sm|bn~{@yn~ q#ng#nWm v#qgw~@v|.
@vnw~ rtvl @mn~m wvw~ pEq~gl@ykOt hQAs` kQrWm o|s~@tY|lQy`@v|w~
nWwQ vQ@r`~{W vn awr iw` qr#NE apr`{ykQ. @m|v` awr g^hs~}
hQAsn @h`~ pvEl~ hQAsn @ls h#[Qn~@vn nQ@vs~ sh vQv`hyn~ wOl
sQqEvn hQAs` kQrWm|q a#w. g^hs~} hQAsn awr X`rWrQk, lQAgQk @h`~
m`nsQk apc`ry @h`~ h`nQ kQrWm, b@ln~ lQAgQk sm|bn~{w` p#v#w~vWm.
b@ln~ wnQ kQrWm @h`~ a`r\}Qk vX@yn~ ahQmQ kQrWm a#w.
pQhQ @h`~ wOvk~kO v#nQ a`yE{ rF@gn y`m o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| nWQwQyt pth#nQy.
@g`vQplk x`vQwyt ym| a@ykO vQsQn~ wOvk~kOvk~ aw~kr g#nWmt aqhs~
krn~@n~ nm|, pY}m@yn~ @p`lWsQ@yn~ gQnQ avQ blpwYyk~ lb`gw yEy.
mh` m`r\g v#rqQ
m`r\g sh r}v`hn p`lny krn~@n~ pY`n~w sh sn~wk pY@q~X rjyn~
mgQnQ. mh`m`r\g nWwQ ul~lAGNy kQrWm @h~wO@vn~ vQX`l qd mEql~
@gvWm @h`~ sQr @gqrt y`mt sQqEvQy h#k. o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| k`r\ r}yk~
p#qvWmt @mrt rQyqEr# blpwYyk~ wQbQy yEwO awr k`r\ r}y lQy`pqQAcQ
kr wQbQy yEwOy.
k`r\ r}yk gmn~ krn s$m a@ykO vQsQn~m a`sn ptQyk~ p#LqQy yEwOy.
bQLQ[En~ anEmw krn lq bQLQ[E k`r\ a`snyk w#bQy yEwOy. a{Qk
@v|g@yn~ rQy p#qvWm sh m{&s`r @h`~ mw~qYv& g#nW@mn~ psE v`hn
p#qvWm sm|bn~{ m`r\g nWwQ iw` q#dQ@v|. rQy pqvn awr jAgm
qErk}nyk~ a@w~ wb`@gn k}` kQrWmq nWwQyt pth#nQy.
nQgmny
ap@g~ pYj`wn~wYv`qW a`ywn s`mk`mW sh s~}`vr sm`jyk~ @gdng`
a#w. apt @bq` hq` g#nWmt s`rvw~, asmsm sAs~k^wQyk~ a#w.
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQ@ykO vX@yn~, ob ap@g~ j`wQk v^w~w`n~w@y~
@k`tsk~ bvt pw~vn awr ap@g~ an`gwyt q`yk vnE a#w.
o|s~@tY|lQy`v obv s`qr@yn~ pQLQgnW. ap@g~ @p`qE b#[Wm pErv#sQx`vyyQ.
pErv#sQ vQx`gyt sRq`nm| vWmt, 34 sh 35 pQtEvl a#wQ a`qr\X pYX~n
pEhENEvn~n.
@p`lQs~ nQl{`rQ@ykO ht al~ls~ qWm brpwl vrqk~@v|. @p`lQs~
nQl{`rQ@ykO ht al~ls~ qWmt iqQrQpw~ vWmq brpwl vrqk~@v|.
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| apr`{ v#rqQ
iw`m brpwl v#rqQ awr, mQnm
Q #rWm, adn~@w~tt| m| kQrm
W , lQAgQk
adn~@w~tt| m| kQrm
W , pEqg
~ lyn~t @h`~ @q~pLvlt e@rhQv krn apr`{,
a`yE{ a#wQv krn @k`l~lk$m|, k#m#w~w qW@m| nWw&`nEkl
S vyst vd` adE
vy@s~ ay smM lQAgQk sm|bn~{w` p#v#w~vm
W , an~wr`k`rW @ls @m`~tr\
v`hn p#qvWm, nWwQ vQ@r`~{W mw~qv
Y & lM wb` g#nWm sh vAc`v a#w.
3 vn @k`ts –– rjy sh o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| nWwQy
29
vQx`g krn @k`ts sm|bn~{ p`rx`;Qwy
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE r`j& @s~vy
rj@y~ @qp`r\w@m|n~wO sh e~v` mgQn~ @s~vyt @y`qv` gnE lbn ay
@p`~l~ ht o|s~@tY|lQy`nE r`j& @s~v@y~ @sn~tr\lQn~k~ nQl`{`rQ@ykO vX@yn~ rFkQy`vk~ l#bW a#w.
mhjn k#lBQl~l
s`m`n&@yn~ rj@y~ wWrNykt @h`~ pYwQpw~wQykt e@rhQv mQnQsEn~ vQX`l sAK&`vk~ ek~v krn @pLp`lQ @h`~ klh
rjy vQsQn~ mQnQsEn~ aswOtE nWwQ p#nvR vQt mhjn k#LBQl~lk~ a#wQvQy.
sx`gy
s`m`n&@yn~ rjyk~ @h`~ vQr#q~{ p]yk~ a#wQ kQrWmt @q~Xp`ln p] @qkk~ @h`~ v#dQ gNnk~ ek~vWm
m#wQvrNyt psEv nQ@y`~jQw mn~wWY mN~dl@y~ kQsQm p]ykt bhEwryk~ @n`wQbEN b#vQn~ sm`n aqhs~ qrN p] @qkk~ ek~v sx`gyk~
pQhQtEvn lqW.
@k`mQ;n~ sx`v
nQl vgkWmk~ qrN pEq~glyn~ kN~d`ymk~
m#wQvrNy sAvQ{`ny krn~@n~ s~v`{Wn @k`mQ;n~ sx`vk~ mgQnQ.
a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}` r`j`N~dEv
a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v mgQn~ bly sWm` krn r@jkO @h`~ rFjQNQyk r`j& pY{`nQy` vX@yn~ sQtQn rtkQ
ap@g~ a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v mgQn~ @k`mn~@vl~w~ o|s~@tY|lQy`v a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`pQw r`j`N~dEvk~ @ls a#wQkrn lq awr @mhQ r`j& n`yky`
vX@yn~ ek~sw~ r`j{`nQ@y~ rjE @h`~ mh rFjQN sQtW.
a{QkrNy
vQnQX~cyk`rvr@ykO @h`~ m@h~s~wY`w~vr@ykO vQsQn~ nWwQ pYX~n vQs[n s~}`ny
mQnQsEn~ nWwQy kd kl vQt, ovEn~ a{QkrNyt y` h#k.
apr`{ ndE vQx`gy
sQqE krn lq apr`{yk~ sm|bn~{@yn~ ym| a@ykO v#rqQkr# @h`~ nQv#rqQkr# bv wWrNy kQrm
W t sQq{
~ m
Q y kr#NE sm|bn~{@yn~ pvw~vn a{QkrN vQx`gy
apr`{ ndE vQx`gy avs`n@y~ b#AkO @k`l~lkr#v bn~{n`g`rgw krn lqW.
pYj`wn~wYv`qy
Cn~q@yn~ @w`~r`pw~ kr gnE lbn nQ@y`~jQwyn~ mgQn~ r`j& p`lny
sQy p`r\lQ@m|n~wO nQ@y`~jQwyn~ ht Cn~qy lb` qQy h#kQ pYj`wn~wYv`qW rtk jWvw~vWm sm|bn~{@yn~ @gY~s~ swOtQn~ sQtW.
mw~qYv& j`v`rm
mw~qYv& nWwQ vQ@r`~{W @ls vQkQNWmt rF@gn y`m @h`~ mQLt g#nWm
mw~qYv& j`v`rm| kQrWm sm|bn~{@yn~ @js~ v bn~{n`g`rgw krn lqW.
a`r\}Qk ahQmQ kQrWm
ekt jWvw~v sQtQn ek~ shkr#@vkO vQsQn~ a@nk~ shkr#v` mEql~ l#bWm @h`~ mEql~ prQhrNy kQrW@mn~ v#L#k~vWm, ek~ a`k`ryk g^hs~} hQAs`vkQ
sQy s~v`mQ pEr#;y` vQsQn~ lQn~ ht mEql~ lb` @n`qWm @h~wO@vn~ a#y a`r\}Qk ahQmQ kQrWmkt lk~ vQy.
m#wQvrNy
pErv#sQyn~ vQsQn~ wmn~v p`r\lQ@m|n~wO@v| nQ@y`~jny kQrWmt pEq~gl@ykO @w`~r` gn~n` avs~}`vkQ
vys 18 t @h`~ It v#dQ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~ m#wQvrNykqW Cn~qy pYk`X kl yEwOy.
30
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy: ap@g~ @p`qE b#[Wm
Cn~q hQmQ n`m@l~KNy
m#wQvrNykqW @h`~ jnmw vQc`rNykqW Cn~qy lb`qWmt sEqEsEkm| a#wQ ay@g~ l#yQs~wOv
j$n~ Cn~q m{&s~}`nyt p#mQNQ vQt nQl{`rWn~ vQsQn~ ohE@g~ nm Cn~qhQmQ n`m @l~KN@y~ prW]` krn lqW.
nWwQy bl`w~mk kQrWm
mQnQsEn~ nWwQy pQLQpqQn bv whvEr# kQrWm
@p`lWsQy nWwQy bl`w~mk krn awr s`my a`r]` kryQ.
vQ{`yk blwl
nWwQy kQYy`w~mk kQrWmt a#wQ bly sh a{Qk`rQy, o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v yt@w~ a#wQ blwl a`k`r wO@nn~ ekkQ
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv mgQn~ sm|mw krn nWwWn~ prQp`lny kQrWmt o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ am`w&vr#n~t sh agY`N~dEk`rvry`t vQ{`yk
blwl a#w.
@fd@r\;ny
ytw~ vQjQw mgQn~ nQX~cQw blwl wb`@gn ytw~ vQjQw ek~ j`wQyk~ vX@yn~ ek~vWm
1901 qW ytw~ vQjQw ekt ek~v @k`mn~@vl~w~ of~ o|s~@tY|lQy` nmQn~ h#qQn~@vn @fd@r\;nyk~ bvt pw~vQy.
pY}m n`vEk bla#NQy
sQrkr#vn~@gn~ yEw~ ytw~vQjQwyk~ nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~ hQ pQhQtEvWmt kpQw`n~ a`wr\ pQlQp~ (Captain Arthur Phillip) yt@w~ bYQw`n&@y~ sQt pQtw~vR
n#v| 11
1788 jnv`rQ 26 qQn pY}m n`vEk bla#NQy sQd|nQ @vw @g`db#s~svWm o|s~@tY|lQy`nE qQn@y~qW apQ anEs~mrNy krmE.
pE;~p l`ACny
j`wQk pE;~py
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pE;~p l`ACny rn~ p#h# @v`tl~ ml@v|.
b@ln~ wnQkr w#bWm (forced isolation)
sm|bn~{w`vyk~ wOl ek shkr#vkO vQsQn~ a@nk~ shkr# qkQn ay, k}` krn ay, kQyvn @q~ sh yn en w#n~ p`lny krn ek~ g^hs~}
hQAsn a`k`rykQ
s#n~dQ@g~ s~v`mQ pEr#;y` vQsQn~ a#yt sQy mQwOrn~ @h`~ pvE@l~ ay b#lWmt y`mt avsr @n`qEn~ b#vQn~ a#y b@ln~ wnQkr w#bWmkt lk~vQy.
@mm avs~}`@v| ptn~
q#n~ sQt iqQrQyt
pErv#sQx`vy lb` gn~n` uw~sv@y~qW, ob @mm avs~}`@v| ptn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`vt hQ@@w;W bvt @p`@r`n~qE@v|.
pYwQmRr\wQy
@h`[Qn~ qn~n` pYwQr$pyk~
o@pr` hvEs~ sQd|nQ nEvr pYwQmRr\wQy@v|.
a`qQv`sW mQnQsEn~
rtk pY}m pqQAcQkr#vn~ - o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| a#@b`rQjQnl~ sh @t`~rs~ s~@tY|t| qRpw~v`sWn~
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| a`qWv`sW mQnQsEn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE jnghN@yn~ sQyyt 2.5 k~ nQ@y`~jny kryQ.
yE@qv|-kQYs~wQy`nQ
yE@qv| sh kQYs~wQy`nQ yn a`gm| @qktm ayw~
yE@qv|-kQYs~wQy`nQ vtQn`km| byQbl@y~ p`dm| mw pqnm|vW a#w.
vQx`gQ krn @k`ts sm|bn~{ p`rx`;Qwy
31
a{QkrN bly
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v yt@w~ a#wQ blwl wO@nn~ ekk~ vn nWwQy ar\}k}ny kQrWmt sh aq`l kQrWmt a#wQ bly sh a{Qk`rQy
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| a{QkrNvlt nWwQy ar\}k}ny kQrWmt sh aq`l kQrWmt a{QkrN bly a#w.
v&vs~}`q`yk bly
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v yt@w~ a#wQ blwl wO@nn~ ekk~ vn nWwQy p#nvWmt sh @vns~ kQrWmt a#wQ bly sh a{Qk`rQy
a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v yt@w~ p`r\lQ@m|n~wOvt nWwQy p#nvWmt bly a#w, enm| v&vs~}`q`yk bly a#w.
nQqhs
pEq~glQk nQqhs sh s~v`{Wnw~vy
ap@g~ pYj`wn~wYv`qW sm`j@y~ k}` kQrW@m| nQqhs, aqhs~ pYk`X kQrW@m| nQqhs, a`gmQk nQqhs sh sm`gm| p#v#w~vW@m| nQqhs a#w. ap @mm
nQqhs~ agy krmE.
m@h~s~wY`w~vry`
phl a{QkrNyk vQnQX~cyk`rvr@yk~
m@h~s~wY`w~vry` vQsQn~ @k`l~lkr# v#rqQkr# bv wWrNy kr bn~{n`g`rgw krn lqW.
sh^qw~vy (mateship)
vQ@X~;@yn~ qE;~kr avs~}`vl a@nk~ ayt upk`r kQrWmw~, ev#nQ avs~}`vl a@nk~ ay@gn~ upk`r l#bWmw~
m@g~ v`hny k#dENE avs~}`@v|, sh^qw~v@y~ n`m@yn~ a@nk~ rQyqErn~ ey wl~lE kQrWmt upk`r vENQ.
j`wQk gWy (national anthem)
j`wQ@y~ gWwy
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| j`wQk gWy ‘Advance Australia Fair’ @v|.
p`r\lQ@m|n~wO pYj`wn~wYv`qy
pErv#sQyn~ vQsQn~ nQ@y`~jQwyn~v nQwQpw` p`r\lQ@m|n~wOvt @w`~r` pw~kr yvn a`N~dEkYmyk~
p`r\lQ@m|n~wO pYj`wn~wYv`q@y~qW sQy nQ@y`~jQwyn~ s[h` mQnQsEn~ Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ kryQ.
s~}Qr @n~v`sQkw~vy
k`l@yn~ sWm`vk~ @n`m#wQv o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| jWvw~vWmt sh v#d kQrWmt vWs` blpwYyk~ a#wQ a@ykO
ab|qEl~@g~ jpn~ j`wQk asl~v`sQy` o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| s~}Qr @n~v`sQkw~vy a#wQ a@ykO vn awr b#AkOvk r`jk`rQ kryQ.
@q~Xp`ln p]y
rtk~ p`lny klyEwO a`k`ry sm|bn~{@yn~ sm`n aqhs~ qrN mQnQsEn~ kN~d`ymk~
v#dQqQyENE kQrWm| sh @p`qE pYv`hny sm|bn~{v s`kc|C` kQrWmt @q~Xp`ln p]yk s`m`jQkyn~ nQwQpw` hmE@v|.
r`j& @s~vy
j`wQ@y~ yhpwt k`ly, Xk~wQy sh kOslw` x`vQw` kQrWm
srN`gwyn~ ht o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pqQAcQvWmt upk`r kQrWm mgQn~ @j`~s~ vtQn` r`j& @s~vyk~ itE krn lqW.
jnmw vQc`rNy
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v @vns~ kQrWmt a#wQ @y`~jn`vkt sQyU Cn~qq`ykyn~ vQsQn~ Cn~qy lb` qWm
1967 jnmw vQc`rN@y~qW, jnsAgNnykqW a`qQv`sW o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ gNn~ g#nWmt ekMv sQyU @qn` Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ klh.
32
o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQx`vy: ap@g~ @p`qE b#[Wm
nQ@y`~jQwy`
@vnw~ ay @vnE@vn~ kQYy` krn @h`~ k}` krn ay
m`@g~ pL`w~ p`ln a`ywn nQ@y`~jQwy` m@g~ aqhst k#mwQ vENE awr pL`w~ p`ln a`ywn rFs~vW@m|qW @mm aqhs iqQrQpw~ krn lqW.
vQmr\;Ny
nv nWwQyk~ sm|bn~{ @y`~jn`vk~ pQLQg#nWmt @h`~ pYwQ@]~p kQrWmt slk` b#lWm
vQmr\;N mn~wYN sx`v (House of Review) vX@yn~ @s@nt| sx`v mgQn~ phL mn~wYN sx`v vQsQn~ iqQrQpw~ krn lq bqE aykQrWm sm|bn~{
pnw~ @ktEm|pwk~ vQv`qyt gn~n` lqW.
rhs~ Cn~qy
mQnQsEn~ rhsQgw @ls Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ krn a`k`ryk~, @m| anEv ym| kQsQ a`k`rykt Cn~qy p`vQc|cQ krn @ls kQsQm a@ykOt blp$mk~
@h`~ pWdnyk~ a#wQkl @n`h#k
rhs~ Cn~qykqW wm` Cn~qy x`vQw` krn vQt @vn kQsQ@vkO ob @qs bl` @n`sQtW.
an`g`mQk
a`g@mn~ prQb`hQr
an`g`mQk sm`jyk nQl a`gmk~ @n`m#w.
pQhQtEvnv`
@g`dngnv`, a#wQkrnv`, a`rm|x krnv`
pQlQp~ a`N~dEk`rvry` vQsQn~ pY}m ytw~ vQjQwy nQv| svEw~ @v|l~s~ hQ pQhQtEvn lqW.
@k`~rLy (;yr\)
pL`w~ p`ln bl pY@q~Xyk~
mm sQtQn @k`~rL@y~ m`r\g iw` a`r]`k`rW@v|.
sm`j a`r]Ny
rFkQy` vQrhQw, a`b`{Qw, vys~gw sh @vnw~ avX&w`vyn~ a#wQ ay ht upk`r kQrWmt a#wQ rj@y~ vQXY`m v#tEp~ @h`~ pYwQl`x
t$n~g~ @g~ rFkQy`v ahQmQvR vQt, a#yt sm`j r]N s[h` ayqEm| kQrWmt sQqEvQy.
ob@g~ v`sn`v urg` bln~n
v`sn`v b#lWm
s$m vsrkm @ml~br\n~ kp~ qQn@y~qW m`@g~ v`sn`v urg` b#lWmt aX~v@ykO @vnE@vn~ $10 k~ ot|tE al~lmQ.
s~@v|c|C` @s~vk
mEql~ bl`@p`@r`w~wO @n`vW sQy k`ly pEq~gl@ykO @h`~ sAvQ{`nyk~ @vnE@vn~ v#y krn ay
r`s`, mQnQsEn~ ht sQy nQ@vs~vlqW iAgWYsQ ugn~vn s~@v|c|C` @s~vk@ykQ.
vQx`gQ krn @k`ts sm|bn~{ p`rx`;Qwy
33
pEhENEvWm s[h` a`qr\X pYX~n
o|s~@tY|lQy`v sh ehQ jnw`v
1. a#n~s#k~ qQn@y~ apt mwk~ vn~@n~ kOmk~q?
a. o|s~@tY|lQy` sh nvsWln~w yE{ hmEq` bla#NQ wOr\kQ@y~ \g#lQ@
p`lQ @vw @g`d b#s~svWm
a`. mh` bYQw`n&@y~ sQt pLmE nQqhs~ pqQAcQkr#vn~ @mrtt
p#mQNWm
a#. pY}m n`vEk bla#NQy (First Fleet) sQd|nQ @k`~v| @vw
p#mQNWm
3. o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `nE rj@y~ @q~pL h[En`gn~@n~ o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `@v|
kOmn nQl l`ACny mgQnq~ ?
a. j`wQk gWy
a`. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE j`wQk pE;~py
a#. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rj@y~ nQl l`ACny
(Commonwealth Coat of Arms)
2. o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `nE a#@b`rQjn
Q l~ {j@y~ vr\N @m`nv`q?
a. kU, rwO sh kh
a`. @k`L, sEqE sh kU
a#. nQl~, sEqE sh @k`L
o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| pYj`wn~wYv`qW vQX~v`syn~, ayQwQv`sQkm| sh nQqhs
4. o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `nE r`j& p`ln kYmy sm|bn~{@yn~ @m|v`yQn~
kOmn pYk`Xny nQv#rqQq?
a. o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| mh rFjQN vQsQn~ o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv
pQhQtEvWm s[h` mQnQsEn~ @w`~r`gnW
a`. rjy pw~kr gnE lbn~@n~ mQnQsEn~ vQsQnQ
a#. ap@g~ p`r\lQ@m|n~wO mn~wWYvry` @w`~r` gn~@n~ agY`m`w&vry`
vQsQnQ
5. @m|v`yQn~ kOmk~ k}` kQrW@m| nQqhs sm|bn~{@yn~
uq`hrNq?
a. mQnQsEn~ ht rj@y~ wWrN sm|bn~{@yn~ s`mk`mW @ls
vQ@r`~{w`vy q#k~vQy h#k
a`. a{QkrNyk~ iqQrQ@y~ g#h#NEn~ sh pQrQmQn~ ht sm`n @ls
slkyQ
a#. o|s~@tY|lQy`nEvn~ ht a`gmk~ pQLQ@n`p#q sQtW@m| nQqhs a#w
6. o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `@v| rjy sm|bn~{@yn~ @mv`yQn~ kOmn pYk`Xy
nQv#rqQq?
a. smhr a`gm| a#qhWmt rjy id @n`@q~
a`. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE rjy an`g`mQk rjykQ
a#. a`gmQk nWwWn~ sm|mw krn~@n~ p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv mgQnQ
7. @m|v`yQn~ kOmk~ o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `@v| sm`n`w~mw`vy
sm|bn~{@yn~ uq`hrNq?
a. s$m a@ykOm ekm a`gm aqhyQ
a`. pQrQmQn~ sh g#h#NEn~ ht sm`n ayQwQv`sQkm| a#w
a#. s$m a@ykOm ayw~ vn~@n~ ekm @q~Xp`ln p]yty
8. @m|v`yQn~ kOmk~ vys avEr#qE 18 @h`~ It v#dQ o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `nE
pErv#sQyn~@g~ vgkWmk~q?
a. pL`w~ p`ln a`ywn rFs~vWm|vlt shx`gQvWm
a`. m#wQvrNvlqW Cn~qy pYk`X kQrWm
a#. vlAgO o|s~@tY|lQy`nE gmn~ blpwYyk~ wb` g#nWm
9. @m|v`yQn~ kOmk~ vys avEr#qE 18 @h`~ It v#dQ o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `nE
pErv#sQyn~@g~ vgkWmk~q?
a. pL`@w~ pYj` @s~v` sQqE kQrWm
a`. gmn~ blpwYyk~ s#mvQtm lM wb` g#nWm
a#. jRrQ @s~vy s[h` k#qvR avs~}`vk jRrQ@y~ ktyEwO kQrWm
10. gmn~ blpwYy sm|bn~{@yn~ @m|v`yQn~ kOmn pYk`Xn
nQv#rqQq?
a. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~ ht o|s~@tY|lQy`nE gmn~ blpwYyk~ lb`
g#nWmt ayqEm| kl h#k
a`. s
~}Qr @n~v`sQkyn~ ht o|s~@tY|lQy`nE gmn~ blpwYyk~ q#rQy
h#k
a#. o
|s~@tY|lQy`nE pErv#sQyn~ ht o|s~@tY|lQy`vt n#vw p#mQNWmt
gmn~ blpwYyk~ sh vWs` blpwYyk~ avX&y
rjy sh o|s~@tY|lQy`@v| nWwQy
11. o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `@v| m#wQvrNvlqW Cn~qy pYk`X kQrm
W
sm|bn~{@yn~ phw pYk`XvlQn~ kOmk~ nQv#rqQq?
a. o|n$m a@p~]k@ykO ht Cn~qy pYk`X kQrWmt mQnQsEn~ ht
nQqhs sh a`r]`v a#w
16. phw q#k~@vn e~v`yQn~ kOmn k`r\&y
agY`N~dk
E `rvry`@g~ k`r\&yk~q?
a. pY`n~w agY`m`w&vr# pw~kQrWm
a`. Cn~qy pYk`X kQrWm aw is~sWm mgQnQ
a`. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE p`r\lQ@m|n~wOv vQsQn~ sm|mw krn pnw~
@ktEm|pw~vlt aw~sn w#bWm
a#. mQnQsEn~ Cn~qy pYk`X krn vQt sQy nm lQvQy yEwOy
a#. r`j& n`yky` pw~kQrWm
12. 1901 jnv`rQ 1 qQn o|s@~ tYl
| y
Q `@v| kOmk~ sQqE vENqQ ?
a. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v jnmw vQc`rNyk~ mgQn~
@vns~ vQy
17. pY`n~w rjyn~ sm|bn~{ @mm pYk`XnvlQn~ kOmk~
nQv#rqQq?
a. sQyUm pY`n~w s[h` ekm a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v a#w
a`. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}`v kQYy`w~mk vWm a#rBQNQ
a`. ek~ ek~ pY`n~w s[h` @vn @vnmm a`N~dk
E m
Y v&vs~}` a#w
a#. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE sh nvsWln~w yE{ hmEq` blk`y pQhQtEvn lqW
a#. pY`n~w s[h` a`N~dEkYm v&vs~}` @n`m#w
13. os
| @~ tYl
| y
Q `nE r`j& p`lny sm|bn~{ rWwn
W ~ qk~v` a#wQ
nWw&`nEkl
S @l~KN@y~ nm kOmk~q?
a. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE @fd@r\;Ny
a`. o|s~@tY|lQy`nE m{&m rjy
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