hh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llis, 1996 ! 1 { $$$ $$$ # FIGGZG FZCI " Blake & ! Jefferson, 1992 % ! Cnaan & Cascio, 1999; Blake & Jefferson, )#&&& )#&'( 1992 \GZVS \ZKYS FEP\FG \GCKGIP * Cnaan & Cascio, 1999 ) # % ) " + Keyton Wilson, & Geiger 1990 2 Cnaan & Cascio, 1999; Keyton, et al., )#&&& 1990; Lammers, 1991 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Clary, Snyder, & Stukas, 1996: p. 486 Cnaan & Goldberg- * Glen, 1991 * Tschirhart , Mesch, Perry, Miller, & Lee, 2001 Cnaan & Goldberg-Glen, 1991; Fitch, 1987; Penner & Finkelstein, 1998; Qureshi, Challis, & Davis, 1983; Zakour, 1994 #&-( " ) ) Katz, 1960 " " Clary Yeung, * et al., 1996 2004 ) ) ) 3 Rubin & Thorelli, 1984 ! Qureshi et al., 1983 #&&& Black & DiNitto, 1994; Blau, 1967 Cnaan & Goldberg-Glen, 1991; Qureshi et al., 1983; Wilson, 2000; Wilson & Musick, 1999 ) )#&-- Miller, 1985; Mostyn, 1983; Wilson & Musick, 1999; Zakour, 1994 Wilson & Musick, 1999 )#&&& )#&'% Blake & Jefferson, 1992; Mostyn, 1983 Herzberg, Mausner, & Snyderman, 1959; Herzberg, 1966 Penner & Finkelstein, 1998 )#&&& * Omoto & Snyder, 1993 Qureshi et al., 1983 )#&&& * 4 Van Maanen & Schein, 1990: p. 85 Bauer, Morrison, & Callister, 1998 Van Schein, 1971 Maanen & Schein, 1990 Lee, Ashford, Walsh, & Mowday, 1992; Nelson & Quick, 1991 Lois, 1999 Ashforth & Mael, 1989: p. 34 Simon, Sturmer, & Steffens, 2000 Black & DiNitto, 1994 )#&&- #&-( #&&- )#&'( " FZK[R 5 Blake & Jefferson, 1992; Omoto & Snyder, 1993 Capner & Caltabiano, 1993; Cyr & Dowrick, 1991 #&&. Omoto & Snyder, 1993 Cyr & Dowrick, 1991; Leising, 1986 )#&&- )#&&. Blake & Jefferson, 1992; )#&'( Miller, Powell & Seltzer, 1990 * / 6 \KRKP FVKY\ \GTDVRN TGKSF HMZP rape crisis centers Byington, Martin, DiNitto, & Maxwell, 1991; Black & DiNitto, 1994 +. * #&'# #&-& " #&&' * +$$$ #%( '( %$0 7 ZYIPF \JK[ #&&$ Denzin & Lincoln, 2000 1 case study Stake, 1995 " #&&$ Punch, 1998 !" 8 ZYIPF \KKSGNMGB #+ .. )+- 2 ) ) ZYIPF LKNF\ * * * * 9 OKRG\RF IG\KR Glaser & Strauss, 1967 grounded theory ) * ) Punch, 1998 OKBXPP Herzberg et al., 1959 \GEKP\P \GCER\PN OKKEGIKK OKRKKVBP * 1 10 * " 11 " ! / * 3 * ) 12 * 1 * * 1 ! ! * 13 14 * 1 * \GZ[GR \GCER\PN OKKEGIKK OKRKKVBP #&-( 1 1 15 / * 16 1 1 / 1 * 1 17 1 / 1 / / * * 1 1 " %$ 18 \GRYSPG QGKE TGKSF HMZPC FEP\F Bauer et al., 1998 Nelson & Quick, 1991 )#&&- Keyton et al., 1990; McCurly & Lynch, 1996 * * * Qureshi et al., 1983 )#&&& * Keyton et al., 1990 ) 19 ) " Blau, 1967 * Mael & Ashforth, 1995 TGKSF HMZPP FZK[R Blake & Jefferson, 1992; Mostyn, 1983; Qureshi et al., 1983 * ) ) ) * Van Maanen & Schein, 1990 * 20 Cyr & )#&&. * Dowrick, 1991 Blake & Jefferson, 1992; Leising, 1986 )#&&. Cherniss, 1980 * Cyr & Dowrick, 1991 * * * Omoto & Snyder, 1993 Blake & Jefferson, 1992 ! 21 \GZ[GR \GCER\PN \GEKP\P \GCER\P QKC OKVSGR OKK\GTP[P OKNECF #&-( Black & DiNitto, 1994; Jenner, 1982 )#&&- Cnaan & Goldberg-Glen, 1991 Pearce, 1993 Miller et al., 1990; Omoto & Snyder,1993; Rubin & Thorelli, )#&-( 1984 Omoto & Snyder, 1993, Wilson & Musick, 1999 22 / * \GKZYIP \GKGTP[P * 1 +$$# 23 OKCER\P NGFKRN \GKPG[KK \GXNPF * \GZGYP { 4% (# ,15=14 ,KNBKXGS QGIJC #&-- +-$ +(& % F ,FIGGZG FZCI #&'% + J"M ,\GPDP #&'( #'& #'$ OKCER\P N[ FEP\FC OKZG[YF OKPZGDF OF FP #&&& { { 24 QGDZBM \KRKP FVKY\ \GTDVRN TGKS HMZP :OKRGDZBC \GPKPTG FYKJYZV ,FKDGNGBKEKB #&&' KJSKRKPV \KRKP FVKY\ \GTDVRN TGKSF HMZPC \GCER\P N[ FZK[RG FEP\F :EKP\NG \IB +$$# OKN[GZKC QZT KRZG\ NXB K[DZ SPGT \KGGI #&&. \GMGP OK[RN OGZKI GYC \GCER\P ZGCT \K\GCER\FF FEGCTF \GTP[P :OK[R \ZHT #&&- NBZ[KC \GCER\FF #&-( FEKPNCG FBZGFC K\GMKBF ZYIPF #&&$ ZYIPC OKPZHG \GZGSP +$$# #%& #$# K\GMKBF { Ashforth, B.E., & Mael, F. (1989). 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