Microgrid Controller
Hardware-in-the-Loop
Demonstration Platform
February 23, 2016
Erik Limpaecher
MIT Lincoln Laboratory
This work is sponsored by the Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology, Resilient Systems Division and the Department of Energy, Office of Electricity
Delivery and Energy Reliability under Air Force Contract #FA8721-05-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions and recommendations are those of the author and are not
necessarily endorsed by the United States Government.
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Test Coverage & Fidelity of New
Power Distribution + Control Projects?
•
Example: NYU-Poly study
Overall Power Demand
•
Validated 3f time-domain model of Flushing network
Feeder breakers
30
•
Analyzed performance of smart grid concepts
Feeder/Tie/Subnetwork
switches
73
Auto-loops
2
−
Automatic reconfiguration and self-healing capabilities
−
Auto-loop operations; required switching speed
−
Overcurrent, equipment malfunctioning, switch failures
−
Effect of backfeeding
400 MW
Transformers
980
Network protectors
871
Primary feeder and
secondary grid sections
Aggregated loads
6,796
+ 17,458
7,780
Computational burden:
Manual preprogrammed scenarios based on expected
switching sequences
– Good test coverage or fidelity? –
mGrid Controller HIL - 2
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•
Intel Core i7 CPU 975 Processor at
3.33 GHz with 24 GB RAM
•
Simulations with EMTP-type software
•
Integration step of 50 µs to solve a
650 ms scenario
16-hour wait
per 650 ms scenario
– Good coverage possible? –
[1] V. Spitsa, X. Ran, R. Salcedo, J. Martinez, R. Uosef, F. d. León, D. Czarkowski, and Z. Zabar, “On the transient behavior of largescale distribution networks during automatic feeder reconfiguration,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 887–896, Jun. 2012
[2] V. Spitsa, R. Salcedo, X. Ran, J. Martinez, R. E. Uosef, F. De León, D. Czarkowski, and Z. Zabar, “Three-phase time-domain
simulation of very large distribution network,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 27, no.2, pp. 677–687, Apr. 2012.
How Do We Accelerate Microgrid Deployment?
Reduce Integration Time, Cost, & Risk
• High NRE for each project
– One vendor’s microgrid controller quote: $1M starting price
• “Vaporware”
– No standard list of functions or performance criteria
– Difficult to validate marketing claims
• Risk of damage to expensive equipment
– One utility-deployed microgrid: 1 year of controls testing, damaged
a 750 kW transformer, required significant engineering staff support
• Interconnection behavior unknowable to utility engineers
– Controls are implemented in proprietary software
– Microgrids are a system of systems: Exhibit emergent behavior
• No standards verification
– IEEE P2030.7 and P2030.8 standards are on the horizon
mGrid Controller HIL - 3
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Microgrid Controller
Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Testbed
Types of Controller Testbeds
Simulation
Controller HIL
Inv
G
Inv
G
C
C
C
C
mC
DMS
Power HIL
Power Testbed
Full System
Inv
G
Inv
G
Inv
G
C
C
C
C
C
C
mC
mC
DMS
Legend
G
generator
Inv
battery or solar inverter
C
device controller
mC
microgrid controller
DMS distribution management system controller
power grid
high-bandwidth AC-AC converter
simulation or emulation boundary
hardware
virtual (simulated or emulated)
Image: Florida State Univ. CAPS
mGrid Controller HIL - 4
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Power Simulation:
Flight Simulator Analogy
Matlab SimPowerSystems
simulation (not real-time)
Actual device and microgrid
controller with real-time simulation
Real-time simulation coupled with
power electronics testbed
Low-power microgrid testbed
Actual microgrid
(DECC Microgrid Lab)
(Princeton U. cogen plant)
(Florida State CAPS facility)
(Microgrid controller HIL)
Simulation
Controller HIL
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G
Inv
G
C
C
C
C
DMS
Power HIL
mGrid Controller HIL - 5
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Full System
Inv
G
Inv
G
Inv
G
C
C
C
C
C
C
mC
Slow PC simulation, small
screen, keyboard/mouse inputs
Power Testbed
Actual plane cockpit, advanced
simulation, wide field-of-view
mC
Moving cockpit, field-of-view
visualization
DMS
Legend
G
generator
Inv
battery or solar inverter
C
device controller
mC
microgrid controller
DMS distribution management system controller
power grid
high-bandwidth AC-AC converter
simulation or emulation boundary
mC
hardware
virtual (simulated or emulated)
Trainer aircraft
Passenger-carrying aircraft
Power Distribution
Integration Platforms and Testbeds
Simulation
Controller HIL
Inv
G
Inv
G
C
C
C
C
DMS
Power HIL
Full System
Inv
G
Inv
G
Inv
G
C
C
C
C
C
C
mC
Simulation
Power Testbed
mC
DMS
mC
Controller
HIL
Legend
G
generator
Inv
battery or solar inverter
C
device controller
mC
microgrid controller
DMS distribution management system controller
power grid
high-bandwidth AC-AC converter
simulation or emulation boundary
Test Coverage
High
Power
HIL
hardware
virtual (simulated or emulated)
low cost ($10k-100k)
moderate cost ($100k-300k)
high cost ($500k-$millions)
Low
Power
Testbed
Low
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Test Fidelity
Full
System
High
Power Distribution
Integration Platforms and Testbeds
Simulation
Controller HIL
Inv
G
Inv
G
C
C
C
C
DMS
Power HIL
Power Testbed
Inv
G
Inv
G
Inv
G
C
C
C
C
C
C
mC
mC
Legend
G
generator
Inv
battery or solar inverter
C
device controller
mC
microgrid controller
DMS distribution management system controller
power grid
high-bandwidth AC-AC converter
simulation or emulation boundary
Test Coverage
Controller
HIL
hardware
virtual (simulated or emulated)
Power
HIL
low cost
moderate cost
high cost
Power
Testbed
Low
Low
mGrid Controller HIL - 7
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DMS
mC
High
Simulation
Full System
Test Fidelity
Full
System
High
High-fidelity Real-time Simulation
• Microgrid controller HIL simulates in real-time at sub-cycle timescales
– Useful for steady-state, dynamic, and transient analyses
HIL simulation
rate
80 mS
(12.5 kHz)
One AC
cycle
16.7 ms
(60 Hz)
Power converter
controller response
Power system
Genset protection
0.5-1 ms
fault transients
functions
(1-2 kHz)
0.3-1 ms
0.1-0.2 s
(1-3 kHz)
(50-100 Hz)
10-5
10-4
10-3
1 ms
10-2
Time (seconds)
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User display
update rate
66.7 ms
(15 Hz)
10-1
Secondary
control
0.1-1 s
(1-10 Hz)
Load profile &
irradiance data
1s
(1 Hz)
100
1s
Construction of Detailed
Microgrid Test Feeder Model
Automated
with
scripting
mGrid Controller HIL - 9
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1.
2.
3.
4.
One-line diagram
Netlist
MATLAB data connectivity diagram
Simulink model
Elements of the
Microgrid Controller HIL Platform
Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulator
Simulated Microgrid Feeder
Load the feeder model into the HIL simulator “target”
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Elements of the
Microgrid Controller HIL Platform
Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulator
R1
R2
Solar Inverter
R3
Power Electronics Model
PV
R7
3.5 MW
Gen
R4
Bidirectional Power Converter
Power Electronics Model
R5
Bat
4 MVA
R6
4 MVA
Simulated Microgrid Feeder and Devices
Genset
Machine Model
Create detailed models of the DER devices
mGrid Controller HIL - 11
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R8
Elements of the
Microgrid Controller HIL Platform
Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulator
R1
B011
900
Real Power
Reactive Power
R2
R3
800
PV
700
R7
kW / kVAr
3.5 MW
R8
Gen
600
R4
R5
4 MVA
500
Load B03
Priority
400
R6
Bat
300
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4 MVA
Time(seconds)
Load B01 Load B02
Interruptible Critical
M
250 hp
460 V
Simulated Microgrid Feeder and Devices
Add load
profiles & other
test stimuli;
assign load
priorities
Test Stimuli
Loads
Motors
Irradiance
Grid Status
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Elements of the
Microgrid Controller HIL Platform
50
Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulator
52
51
27
Simulated
Device
Controllers
R1
59
25
Relay
CRelay
R2
R3
MODBUS
Relay Protection Functions
CPV
PV
R7
3.5 MW
Gen
R4
R5
CGen
Inverter Control
Implement
DER control
algorithms
4 MVA
R6
Load B01 Load B02
Interruptible Critical
M
250 hp
460 V
Simulated Microgrid Feeder and Devices
Test Stimuli
Loads
Motors
Irradiance
mGrid Controller HIL - 13
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4 MVA
Load B03
Priority
CBat
Bat
Genset Primary & Secondary Control
Bidirectional Power
Converter Control
Grid Status
R8
Elements of the
Microgrid Controller HIL Platform
Physical Device
Controllers
SEL 787
Relay
Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulator
Simulated
Device
Controllers
R1
R2
PV
Acme Energy
PV Inverter Controler
R7
3.5 MW
R5
4 MVA
Load B03
Priority
CBat
R6
Bat
4 MVA
Load B01 Load B02
Interruptible Critical
M
250 hp
460 V
Simulated Microgrid Feeder and Devices
Test Stimuli
…or add commercial controllers as
hardware-in-the-loop
Loads
Motors
Irradiance
Grid Status
mGrid Controller HIL - 14
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R8
Gen
R4
Woodward easYgen 3000
Genset Controller
R3
Elements of the
Microgrid Controller HIL Platform
Physical Device
Controllers
SEL 787
Relay
Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulator
Simulated
Device
Controllers
R1
R2
PV
Acme Energy
PV Inverter Controler
Woodward easYgen 3000
Genset Controller
R7
3.5 MW
R5
4 MVA
Load B03
Priority
CBat
R6
Bat
4 MVA
Load B01 Load B02
Interruptible Critical
M
250 hp
460 V
Simulated Microgrid Feeder and Devices
Integrate a
microgrid
controller
Test Stimuli
Loads
Motors
Irradiance
Grid Status
mGrid Controller HIL - 15
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R8
Gen
R4
Schneider Microgrid
Controller
R3
Elements of the
Microgrid Controller HIL Platform
Physical Device
Controllers
SEL 787
Relay
Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulator
Simulated
Device
Controllers
R1
R2
PV
Acme Energy
PV Inverter Controler
Woodward easYgen 3000
Genset Controller
R7
3.5 MW
R5
4 MVA
Load B03
Priority
CBat
R6
Bat
4 MVA
Load B01 Load B02
Interruptible Critical
M
250 hp
460 V
Simulated Microgrid Feeder and Devices
Integrate additional
microgrid controllers
• Vendor capability
demonstration
• Performance comparison
Test Stimuli
Loads
Motors
Irradiance
Grid Status
mGrid Controller HIL - 16
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R8
Gen
R4
Eaton Microgrid
Controller
R3
Elements of the
Microgrid Controller HIL Platform
Physical Device
Controllers
Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulator
Simulated
Device
Controllers
R1
CRelay
R2
CPV
R3
PV
R7
3.5 MW
Gen
R4
Schneider Microgrid
Add data visualization,
Controller
collection, and postprocessing
• Real-time operation
• Performance analysis
Woodward easYgen 3000
Genset Controller
R5
R6
Bat
4 MVA
Load B01 Load B02
Interruptible Critical
Test Stimuli
Motors
Data Collection &
Post-processing
Irradiance
Grid Status
mGrid Controller HIL - 17
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M
250 hp
460 V
Simulated Microgrid Feeder and Devices
Loads
Real-time
Data Visualization
4 MVA
Load B03
Priority
CBat
UDP
R8
Microgrid Controller HIL Platform
Physical Device
Controllers
Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulator
Simulated
Device
Controllers
R1
CRelay
R2
CPV
R3
PV
R7
3.5 MW
Gen
R4
Schneider Microgrid
Controller
Woodward easYgen 3000
Genset Controller
R5
R6
Bat
4 MVA
Load B01 Load B02
Interruptible Critical
Test Stimuli
Motors
Data Collection &
Post-processing
Irradiance
Grid Status
mGrid Controller HIL - 18
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M
250 hp
460 V
Simulated Microgrid Feeder and Devices
Loads
Real-time
Data Visualization
4 MVA
Load B03
Priority
CBat
UDP
R8
Vision for the
Microgrid Controller HIL Platform
–1–
Development
Platform
–2–
Deployment
Platform
–3–
Standards Test
Platform
•
•
•
•
Application of real-time sim. technology to power engineering
Cost-effective engineering and project development
Enables performance evaluation of commercial products
Demonstrations at Mass. Microgrid Controls Symposium
•
•
•
•
•
Perform controller and systems integration
Pre-commission testing of advanced power system projects
Test edge conditions and exercise the actual device controllers
Technical risk reduction and confidence building for the utility
Project enabler: South Boston microgrid
• Industry-standard test platform for new power systems
• Test against IEEE P2030.8 standard and utility requirements
–4–
Electric Power Controls Consortium (EPCC) Shared Repository
mGrid Controller HIL - 19
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October 1 Massachusetts
Microgrid Controls Symposium
mGrid Controller HIL - 20
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Demo-centric Tech. Evaluation
U.S. Marine Corps’ ExFOB Example
In-kind integration
manhours and $
Vendors
Anonymized test results,
Maturity status of commercial
equipment
Government
Program
Independent Laboratory
Offices
Realistic testbed;
3rd party validation
Procurement specs
High-level visibility
ExFOB 2013 – Twentynine Palms
mGrid Controller HIL - 21
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Anonymized Results of
Demonstration Runs
Load-not-Served (kWh)
while Islanded*
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Voltage Profile
(sec exceeding ±5%)
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
Served
Unserved
5.0
Vendor #1
4.0
Vendor #2
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
Grid-tied
Islanded
* Vendor #2 islanded one minute earlier than Vendor #1, resulting in the higher demand during islanded operation.
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Anonymized Results of
Demonstration Runs (cont.)
Energy Consumption
Grid-tied
Islanded
Fuel Used
(gal.)
Energy
Imported (kWh)
Energy
Exported (kWh)
Fuel Used
(gal.)
Vendor #1
5.7
317
14
5.0
Vendor #2
6.3
272
38
5.9*
Difference
+11%
-14%
+170%
+18%
* Vendor #2 islanded one minute earlier than Vendor #1, resulting in the higher demand during islanded operation.
mGrid Controller HIL - 23
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Outline
• Introduction to Controller Hardware-in-the-Loop
• Orientation to the HIL Platform Demonstration
• Way Ahead
mGrid Controller HIL - 24
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R1
HIL Test Feeder
One-line Diagram
R3
R4
R2
R11
R12
R6
R8
R18
R7
G1
R5
250 hp
460 V
C
B001
G2
I
B004
R9
R10
M
4 MVA
1 MVA
P
B022
R17
R16
R15
R14
R19
I
B009
I
B010
R13
C
B011
M
250 hp
460 V
Relay Protection Functions
50
PV
3.5 MW
P
B003
Legend
P
I
C
Bxxx
Protection, Relay and Monitoring (PRM)
Priority load
mGrid Controller
HIL - 25
Interruptible
load
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2016
Critical load
Load I.D.
I
B014
I
B013
P
B015
Battery
4 MVA
52
50
51
51
27
27
59
59
25
25
MODBUS
1547
Table 1-2
Gen.
Synch
MODBUS
52
Example Load (B011)
B011
900
Real Power
Reactive Power
800
• Peak kW: 879
• Min kW: 319
kW / kVAr
700
• Peak kVAR: 832
600
500
• Min kVAR: 382
400
• Nominal Voltage:
460 V
300
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Time(seconds)
1 work week compressed into 2 hours
mGrid Controller HIL - 26
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4000
Microgrid Controller
Hardware-in-the-Loop Platform
Firewall and
Network Switch
Console
Woodward
easYGens
Interface Box
Monitoring I/O
Analog & Digital
Opal-RT HIL
Target
MIT Lincoln Lab
Windows Server
Power Supply
mGrid Controller HIL - 27
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Two integrated
Woodward easYgen 3000
genset controllers
HIL Platform Block Diagram
Vendor-supplied equipment
Microgrid Controller – Unit Under Test
Connection to HIL
Demonstration Platform
COM
Modbus TCP
Prime Mover
Device Controller
Woodward
EasyGen 3500
#1
Modbus RS485
Prime Mover
Device Controller
Woodward
EasyGen 3500
#2
Firewall and Network Switch
Modbus TCP
Modbus TCP
Modbus TCP
Modbus RS485
Lantronix
Intellibox 2100
TCP to RS485
Lantronix
Intellibox 2100
TCP to RS485
Interface Box
COM
DIO
AIO
Simulated
1 MVA Genset
COM
DIO
AIO
Simulated
4 MVA Genset
COM
DIO
AIO
COM
DIO
DIO
AIO
COM
DIO
AIO
Simulated PV Inverter
Controller
Simulated Protection
Controller
Simulated
Battery Storage &
Power Converter
Simulated
PV & Inverter
Simulated Relays,
Breakers, and
Telemetry
Simulated Grid and One Line
Diagram of the Test Feeder
(~18 Buses and 17 lines)
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COM
Simulated Battery
Power Converter
Controller
OPAL-RT HIL 5607
Power
AIO
Device Address List
Device
1 MVA Genset Controller
4 MVA Genset Controller
Storage Controller
PV Controller
Relay 1
Relay 2
Relay 3
Relay 4
Relay 5
Relay 6
Relay 7
Relay 8
Relay 9
Relay 10
Relay 11
Relay 12
Relay 13
Relay 14
Relay 15
Relay 16
Relay 17
Motor Relays
mGrid Controller HIL - 29
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IP Address
192.168.10.35
192.168.10.36
192.168.10.40
10.10.45.101
10.10.45.102
10.10.45.103
10.10.45.104
10.10.45.105
10.10.45.106
10.10.45.107
10.10.45.108
10.10.45.109
10.10.45.110
10.10.45.111
10.10.45.112
10.10.45.113
10.10.45.114
10.10.45.115
10.10.45.116
10.10.45.117
Notes
No interface
Point of Common Coupling
Serves & senses sub-panel B021
Serves & senses sub-panel B012
Serves & senses load B001 + genset1
Serves & senses B022
Serves & senses loads B009-B011
Serves & senses genset 1
Serves & senses genset 2
Serves & senses load B009
Serves & senses load B010
Serves & senses load B004
Serves & senses battery
Serves & senses load B015 + battery
Serves & senses load B013
Serves & senses load B014
Serves & sense PV
Simulated Battery and PV Systems
• Four quadrant power
source with sub-cycle
transient accuracy,
modeled in real time
– Boost rectifier average
model
– Three phase PLL
– D and Q axis current
PIDs respond to power
commands
• PV MPP tracker
• Inverter physical limits
monitored by fault
controller
mGrid Controller HIL - 30
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AC Power Rating (kVA)
Storage (kWh)
Cycle Life
Voltage (V)
Frequency (Hz)
Ramp Rate
Battery Rating
4,000
500
∞
2,400
60
8 MW/s
PV Rating
3,500
n/a
n/a
2,400
60
2.5 MW/min
Battery and PV system ratings and characteristics
Parameter
Real Power Command
Reactive Power Command
Modbus Enable
Fault Status
Battery SoC
Enable
Units
kW
kVAR
0/1
%
0/1
Notes
(-) discharge; (+) charge
(+) capacitive; (-) inductive
1 to indicate active Modbus connection.
Phase A Over Current
Phase B Over Current
Phase C Over Current
DC Link Overvoltage
PLL Loss of Sync
Vrms out of spec
Battery Empty
Battery Full
Battery start at 50%
Cycle to clear any faults.
Register list for battery system device controller
Simulated Genset Block
Manufacturer / Model
Rating (kVA)
Power Factor
Voltage (V)
Frequency (Hz)
Speed (RPM)
Minimum Output Power
Startup Time
1 MW Genset
CAT C32
1,000
TBD
480
60
1800
25kW
<10 sec
4 MW Genset
CAT C175-20
4,000
TBD
13,800
60
1800
100kW
<15 sec
Genset ratings and characteristics
Synchronous Machine, Governor, and AVR Models
mGrid Controller HIL - 31
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Device Controller Integration:
Woodward easYgen 3000
Governor
M
Throttle
AVR
G
MCB
16 Vac
Load
Ia
16 Vac
Vabc
V_ref:
480 VLL
Iabc
Tachometer
Field
Vabc
Woodward
easYgen
3000
Controller
GCB
Feeder
Genset Simulation in HIL
F_ref:
60 Hz
16 Vac 16 Vac
±5V square wave
120 Vac
0-1 A
120 VAC
0-1 A
Interface Box
mGrid Controller HIL - 32
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Legend
M
G
GCB
MCB
Motor
Generator
Generator Circuit Breaker
Mains Circuit Breaker
Signal voltage transformer
Voltage-controlled current source
Simulated Relay:
SEL-787 Transformer Protection Relay
500 kcmil
20 ft
500 kcmil
100 ft
R8
500 kcmil
251 ft
G2
2/0 AWG,
1010 ft
3750 kVA
13.8/0.46 kV
4 MVA
2000 kVA
13.8/0.46 kV
P
B022
500 kcmil
125 ft
C
B011
R5
R19
Image: Schweitzer Engineering
M
250 hp
460 V
Protection,
Relay and Relay
Monitoring
(PRM)
Protection,
and Monitoring
(PRM)
Protection Function
mGrid Controller HIL - 33
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ANSI 50
Inst. overcurrent
ANSI 51
Avg. overcurrent
ANSI 27
Undervoltage
ANSI 59
Overvoltage
ANSI 25
Synchronism-check
1547 Tables 1&2
Abnormal V & f
Gen. Synch
Generator synch
ANSI 52
AC Circuit Breaker
Demonstration against ORNL/EPRI
Microgrid Functional Use Cases
Functional Use Case
F-1 Frequency Control
Description
Demonstration
Selection of grid-forming, -feeding,
and -supporting energy sources to
maintain stability; sub-second
control to maintain stable
frequency while islanded
Regulate voltage at the microgrid
point of common coupling
Planned disconnect from area
electric power system (AEPS)
Fast disconnect from AEPS upon
large disturbance to provide
continuous supply to loads
Resynchronize and reconnect to
AEPS
The microgrid controller selects from
among the two gensets and battery
DERs.
[UPDATE]
F-2 Voltage Control
F-3 Intentional Islanding
F-4 Unintentional Islanding
F-5 Transition from Islanded to
Grid-tied
mGrid Controller HIL - 34
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No demo
Islanding will be initiated by the
microgrid controller
No demo due to battery and PV
inverter controller PLL instability
Initiated by microgrid controller once
generators and grid synchronize
Demonstration against ORNL/EPRI
Microgrid Functional Use Cases (cont.)
Functional Use Case
Description
F-6(a) Energy Management: grid- Coordinate generation, load, &
tied
storage dispatch, to participate in
utility operation and energy market
activities
F-6(b) Energy Management:
Coordinate generation, load, &
islanded
storage dispatch, to optimize
islanded operation (fuel
consumption, islanding duration)
F-7 Microgrid Protection
Configure protection devices for
different operating conditions
Demonstration
The microgrid controllers target a
power export value for a defined
period, and should also shave peak
demand.
Fuel consumption and service of
critical and priority loads are
measured during islanded operation.
[UPDATE]
F-8 Ancillary Services:
regulation
F-9 Microgrid Blackstart
F-10 User Interface, Data
Collection
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Provide frequency regulation,
generation reserves, reactive
power support, and demand
response to AEPS
Restore islanded operation after a
complete shutdown
Organize, archive, and visualize
real-time and non-real-time data
DER and relay protection are
implemented, but are not
configurable.
Demand response to hit a target
power export value;
Reactive power support to maintain
unity power factor at PCC
Likely limited by present genset
control capabilities
Data collection and visualization
performed by MIT-LL, not mC
15-minute Demonstration Sequence
Power (kW)
PV Array Output
0=Off
1=On
Grid Status
Time (minutes)
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Power Factor
Power Factor
Power
(kW or kVAR)
Load Profile
Heads-up Display (screen 1)
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Heads-up Display (screen 2)
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Outline
• Introduction to Controller Hardware-in-the-Loop
• Orientation to Today’s Demonstration
• Way Ahead
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Vision for Eventual HIL Capabilities
Host Utility’s Distribution
Management System (DMS)
Actual Controllers for DER
Deployed in the Microgrid
Multiple Real-time Digital Sim. Platforms
Validated
Controller
Models
RTDS
Opal-RT
Typhoon HIL
R1 National Instruments
Vendor-validated
Device Models
CRelay
R2
CPV
R3
PV
R7
3.5 MW
R4
CGen
Gen
R5
4 MVA
Microgrid Controller
Under Test
Industry-standard
Test Platform
Load B03
Priority
CBat
R6
Bat
4 MVA
Load B01 Load B02
Interruptible Critical
M
250 hp
460 V
Multiple Standard Test Feeders
Test Stimuli per IEEE P2030.8 and Host Utilities
Loads
Motors
Irradiance
Grid Status
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R8
Vision for Power Systems HIL &
Shared Repository
–1–
Development
Platform
–2–
Deployment
Platform
–3–
Standards Test
Platform
•
•
•
•
Application of real-time sim. technology to power engineering
Cost-effective engineering and project development
Enables performance evaluation of commercial products
Demonstrations at Mass. Microgrid Controls Symposium
•
•
•
•
•
Perform controller and systems integration
Pre-commission testing of advanced power system projects
Test edge conditions and exercise the actual device controllers
Technical risk reduction and confidence building for the utility
Project enabler: South Boston microgrid
• Industry-standard test platform for new power systems
• Test against IEEE P2030.8 standard and utility requirements
–4–
Electric Power Controls Consortium (EPCC) Shared Repository
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Elements of the
EPCC Shared Repository
Microgrid Test Feeders
Standard Test Stimuli
Netlists
Load profiles, irradiance profiles,
grid outages, faults
Interface Circuitry for
Device Controllers
Interface Code for
Device Controllers
Post-processing Scripts for
Test Results
Microgrid Test
Repository
Communications Interface
Translation Code
Modbus
TCP
Controller-inthe-Loop
Repository
IEC 61850
MMS
GOOSE
Circuit schematics, bills of materiel
HIL Target Platform
Conversion Scripts
Validated Device Models
Validated Device Controller
Software
50
52
51
HIL Platform
Repository
27
59
25
MODBUS
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Targets: OPAL-RT, Typhoon HIL,
RTDS, NI, and others
Motor-generators, power
converters / inverters, and relays
Genset controllers, power
converter controllers, relay
protection functions
Potential Applications
• Integration of control systems
– Microgrid controller testing; integrate with DER & IED sub-systems
– Distribution management system testing and integration
– Transmission operator dispatch integration and ancillary services
testing
– Volt VAR control systems testing
• Protection system testing, including
– Evaluation of automation sequences
– Development of automated self-healing systems
– Feeder sectionalization studies
• Prime mover DG controller testing
– Evaluating stability issues due to DG dynamics
• Anti-islanding and blackstart testing
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Potential Applications (cont.)
• DER controls behavior testing
– DG penetration studies
– Anti-islanding / intentional islanding controls studies
• Detailed power systems analysis
– Evaluating electromagnetic transients due to switching or faults
– Assessment of symmetrical and non-symmetrical events
– Evaluation of transient overvoltage and resonance
• Micro-PMU (phasor measurement units) studies
• Implementation and evaluation of smart grid concepts
• Communications testing and integration
• Other distribution-level studies
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Acknowledgements
Sponsors
Sarah Mahmood, DHS S&T
Jalal Mapar, DHS S&T
Dan Ton, DOE OE
Ernest Wong, DHS S&T
MIT Lincoln Laboratory
Division 7 – Engineering
Division 4 – Homeland Protection
Division 5 – Cyber Security
Division 6 – Communications
Security Services Department
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Collaborators
Vijay Bhavaraju, Eaton
Mark Buckner, ORNL
Fran Cummings, Peregrine Group
Babak Enayati, National Grid
Mark Evlyn, Schneider
Galen Nelson, MassCEC
Luis Ortiz, Anbaric
Jim Reilly, Reilly Associates
Travis Sheehan, BRA
Michael Starke, ORNL
Tom Steber, Schneider
Brad Swing, City of Boston
Contact Information
Erik Limpaecher
Assistant Group Leader
Energy Systems, Group 73
781-999-2237 (cell)
781-981-4006 (lab)
elimpaecher@ll.mit.edu
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Power Systems HIL Platform
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