Carbon Sequestration: The Midwest
Regional Carbon Sequestration
Partnership (MRCSP)
David Ball, MRCSP Program Manager
Presentation to Climate Solutions in the Buckeye State and Beyond:
Oberlin College, April 18, 2008
1
Climate Change:
the growing consensus
IPCC 4th Assessment Report
“Most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures
since the mid-20th century is very likely* due to the observed
increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations”
“Very likely” = Greater than 90% probability of occurrence
2
Global Fossil Fuel Carbon Emissions Gigatons per Year
CO2 emissions from fossil fuel use
drives climate change
20
Historical Emissions
GTSP_750
GTSP_650
GTSP_550
GTSP_450
GTSP Reference Case
15
10
5
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
2150
2200
2250
2300
• Stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations is the goal of the
Framework Convention on Climate Change.
• Stabilizing CO2 concentrations at any level means that global, CO2
emissions must peak and then decline forever.
3
Stabilizing atmospheric CO2 concentrations
requires fundamental change to our energy system
Carbon Capture and Geologic Storage (CCS) will play an important
role in meeting this goal in the most cost effective manner
Stabilization of CO2 at 550 ppm
History and Reference Case
1600
1600
History
1400
.
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1850
Future
Future
Global Primary Energy 1850-2100 (Exajoules)
Global Primary Energy 1850-2100 (Exajoules)
History
Preindustrial
280ppm
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
Preindustrial
280ppm
0
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
Oil
Natural Gas
Coal
Biomass Energy
Non-Biomass Renewable Energy
1850
1900
1950
Oil + CCS
Natural Gas + CCS
Coal + CCS
Nuclear Energy
End-use Energy
2000
2050
2100
4
The CCS process is relatively
simple but involves challenges
>100 atm
Measurement
Mitigation and
Verification ?
(MMV)
> 2500 ft deep
5
Battelle is a technology development and
R&D company headquartered in Columbus, Ohio
Idaho
Pacific Northwest
Columbus
Brookhaven
NBACC
Lawrence Livermore
Oak Ridge
National Renewable
Energy Lab
BEST Center
$4.0 billion R&D volume
20,000 staff
31 scientific user facilities
6
Battelle plays a key role in a number of
CCS driven public/private partnerships.
Mountaineer
Mountaineer
DOE
DOE Regional
Regional
Partnership
Partnership Program
Program
FutureGen
FutureGen
Global
Global Energy
Energy
Technology
Technology Strategy
Strategy
Program
Program (GTSP)
(GTSP)
7
Regional Carbon Sequestration
Partnerships
Creating Infrastructure for Wide Scale Deployment
• Three Phases:
Location of Partnership Lead Organization
–
Characterization Phase
- 24 months (2003-2005)
– Validation Phase
– Deployment Phase
• Representing:
–
–
–
–
>350 Organizations
41 States
4 Canadian Provinces
3 Indian Nations
PCOR
Big Sky
MRCSP
MGSC
WESTCARB
SWP
SECARB
• Addressing:
–
–
–
–
–
Permitting
Regulatory framework
Public Acceptance
Liability
Best Practices
Oil bearing (9)
Gas bearing (1)
Validation Scale
Field Tests
(Phase II)
Saline aquifer (10)
Coal seam (5)
Terrestrial (11)
8
MRCSP’s mission is to be the premier
resource for sequestration knowledge in its region
Characterization,
Phase I, 2003 - 2005
Quantifying
Quantifying CO2
CO2 sources,
sources, demographics
demographics
and
economics
in
and economics in the
the region
region
Reaching
Reaching Out
Out To
To and
and
Educating
Educating Stakeholders
Stakeholders
Validation,
Phase II, 2005 - 2009
Implementation
Implementation
www.mrcsp.org
www.mrcsp.org
Developing
Developing aa Regional
Regional Model
Model of
of the
the
Economics
Economics of
of Sequestration
Sequestration
Quantifying
Sinks in
in the
the Region
Region
Quantifying CO
CO22 Sinks
Net Sequestration-Based Emissions
Abatement Costs ($/tonne CO2)
120
100
Geologic
Terrestrial
80
60
Geological
40
20
0
0
250
500
750
Annual Supplied CO2 Sequestration Capacity (MtCO2)
1000
Terrestrial:
Terrestrial:
•• Potential
Potential for
for 20%
20%
annual
offset
annual offset for
for
large
large point
point sources
sources
Geologic:
Geologic:
•• 100s
100s of
of years
years of
of
capacity
capacity for
for large
large
point
point sources
sources in
in deep
deep
saline
saline alone
alone
Terrestrial
9
MRCSP membership
U.S. Department of Energy/NETL
10
We have a number of geologic (CCS)
projects in key areas of the Midwest
Ohio
Ohio Strat
Strat Well
Well
Antrim
Antrim
(OAQDA/ODNR)
(OAQDA/ODNR)
(DTE,
(DTE, Core)
Core)
RE
RE Burger
Burger
TAME
TAME Ethanol
Ethanol
(FirstEnergy)
(FirstEnergy)
(Andersons/Marathon)
(Andersons/Marathon)
IGCC
IGCC
(Duke)
(Duke)
East
East Bend
Bend
(Duke)
(Duke)
Mountaineer
Mountaineer
(AEP)
(AEP)
11
RE Burger Power Plant (FirstEnergy)
Power Plant
R. E. Burger Power Plant
Injection Test
Well
Depth
(ft bgs)
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
Storage
Formation
9,000
10,000
11,000
12,000
13,000
Powerspan ECO
Pilot Plant
Seismic Survey, July 2006
8000 Foot Test Well,
January, 2007
12
Well Structure for
Burger Site
24” Borehole
20” Casing
Test Well Drilled in Jan/Feb 2007.
Total Depth = 8,384’
17 ½” Borehole
13⅜ ” Casing
12¼” Borehole
9⅝” Casing
8¾” Borehole
7” casing
Depth (ft)
Well
Diagram
6⅛” Borehole
Drill rig on site (Jan 2007)
13
East Bend Station (Duke Energy)
Injection Target,
Mt. Simon Formation
East Bend Station
Seismic Survey
October, 2006
Test Well Design
14
At our Michigan site we completed
injection of 10,000+ tonnes of CO2 in March ‘08
5000 Foot Deep Test Well Drilled in November 2006
Gas Processing Plant
Injection Test
Well
Antrim Gas Well
CO2 Pipeline
Niagara EOR Wells
Depth
(ft bgs)
0
1,000
2,000
Monitoring Well
180 feet of core taken
3,000
Confining Layer:
Amherstburg Limestone
Injection Target:
Bass Islands Dolomite
Target
Storage
Formation
4,000
5,000
6,000
Injection
Operations
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
Starting Injection
Well Column
15
The sight and sound of injecting
600 tonnes of CO2 per day
16
Results from Michigan have already
allowed us to take our models to the next step
Preliminary Modeling
Based on Regional Data
Conceptualize
Site Drilling and Testing
Characterize
Design
Monitor
Site Specific Modeling
Calibrate
Validate
---------------------------Communicate-----------------------17
MRCSP Phase III proposed sites
Ohio Ethanol Plant
Primary site
• Host: TAME, a joint venture of The
Andersons and Marathon
Petroleum
• Plant operational: February 2008.
• Injection start: FY2010
• Scale: 1 million tonnes of CO2 over
a four-year period
• Target: Mt. Simon at ~3500 ft.
Indiana IGCC Plant
Optional site
• Host: Duke Energy
• Plant operational: FY 2012
• Possible injection start: FY 2012
• Scale: Possible 2 million tonnes
over four-year injection period
• Target: Mt. Simon at ~8000 ft.
– Multiple injection zones and
caprock layers
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AEP Mountaineer Project
• 1300 MW pulverized coal plant
9,000 ft deep test well (c.2003)
• An area of intense power production
and future expansion
• AEP has announced a major scale-up
and a multi-pronged CCS deployment
at this and other sites.
– Alstom Chilled Ammonia CO2 capture
New Haven, WV
1,300 MW Generator
Mountaineer Plant
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Public outreach is a key
component of our research
Public Meetings with visual
and interactive displays
Website for MRCSP
www.mrcsp.org
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