Waste Water
Pumps, Lift Stations, and Controls
A.S.P.E.
overview
Applications
4 BASIC TYPES OF WASTE WATER PUMPS
•
•
•
•
Sump
Effluent
Solids handling - Sewage
Grinder
Sump Pumps
A pump designed to remove water that has accumulated in a sump pit .
ELEVATOR
Sump Pumps
Designed and approved for safe operation
of pumping, alarming and monitoring of
elevator sump pits, transformer vaults and
other applications where oil and water must
be detected.
ASME17.1 CSA B44
S.T.E.P. Sytems
Septic Tank Effluent Pump
A pump designed for the transfer of Effluent: typically pretreated liquid
waste from an onsite sewage treatment systems.
Solids Handling / Sewage Pumps
Solids-handling sewage pumps pass solids in full-form – no chopping,
cutting or “grinding”. SOLIDS GO IN …SOLIDS COME OUT!
Commercial
Residential
Grinder Pumps
Grinders macerate and cut the solids into a fine slurry – allowing the waste to
be pumped under high pressure through smaller diameter discharge pipe.
Grinders can handle difficult solids, produce high heads and are more
common in multi-property developments (such as Lakefronts and housing
tracts below sewer grade.)
Other common applications include public restrooms and commercial
buildings.
Grinder Pumps in Action…
Do Not Try This at Home.
Wet well
Submersible
Pumps
Lift Stations
… Pumping stations are built when sewage must be raised from a
low point to a point of higher elevation or where the topography
prevents downhill gravity flow.
Special nonclogging pumps are available to handle raw sewage.
They are installed in structures called lift stations.
There are two basic types of lift station: dry well and wet well.
A wet-well installation has only one chamber or tank to receive and
hold the sewage until it is pumped out. Specially designed
submersible pumps and motors can be located at the bottom of the
chamber, completely below the water level.
Dry well
Non Submersible
Dry-well installations have two separate chambers, one to receive
Pumps
the wastewater and one to enclose and protect the pumps and
controls.
All commercial lift stations, whether of the wet-well or dry-well
type, should include at least two pumps. One pump can operate
while the other is removed for repair.
Concrete vs. Fiberglass
Concrete Sump
Sump formed by masons
Pumps, pipes, rails, floats installed
later
Fiberglass Sump (Pre-packaged)
Pre- assembled Fibreglass basin.
Equipped with Pumps, and panel. Pipes,
rails, floats, valves pre- installed
Pre-assembled- Simplex
Solids Handling
Single Rail
Guide Rails S.S.
Control
Panel and
Inlet Hub
Pre assembled
Piping and valving
Junction Box
Float Tree
S.S. Lift
out Chains
Pump Included
Heavy Quick
Disconnects
Pre-assembled- Duplex
Grinder Station
Single Rail
Guide Rails S.S.
Control
Panel and
Inlet Hub
Pre assembled
Piping and valving
Junction Box
Float Tree
S.S. Lift
out Chains
Grinder Pumps
Heavy Quick
Disconnects
Pre-assembled- Quadplex
Grinder Station
Advantages:
• Lower cost, Can Compete with flow rates of
higher horsepower Duplex
• Custom panel fexability
Pumps can be “metered” on individually
lots of redundency
• Smaller pumps easier to service
Duplex Grinder Station
with “Valve compartment”
Engineered Pump
Systems Specifications
EPS
Guide Rail – Quick Disconnect
Single Rail
Double rail
Pump Sizing
•
List all fixtures involved in the installation and, using Figure A,
assign a Fixture Unit value to each. Determine the total Fixture
Units.
Fixture
Unit
Fixture Description
Value
Fixture Description
Bathtub, 1 1/2" trap
2
Sink, service type
Bathtub, 2" trap
3
Sink, scullery
Bidet, 1 1/2" trap
3
Sink, surgeons
Dental unit or cuspidor
1
Swimming pool (per 1000 gal)
Drinking fountain
1
Urinal
Dishwasher, domestic
2
Washing machine
Kitchen sink
2
Water closet
Kitchen sink with disposal
3
Water softener
Lavatory, 1 1/2" trap
1
Unlisted fixture, 1 1/4" trap
Lavatory, barber/beautician
2
Unlisted fixture, 1 1/2" trap
Laundry tray
2
Unlisted fixture, 2" trap
Shower
2
Unlisted fixture, 2 1/2" trap
Shower, group (per head)
3
Unlisted fixture, 3" trap
Bathroom group consisting of lavatory, bathtub or shower, and water closet
Fixture
Unit
Value
3
4
3
1
4**
2
3**
4
2
3
4
5
6
6**
*Graph data taken from ASPE Handbook, Uniform Plumbing Code, Cameron Hydraulic Data and Plastic Pipe Institute.
** Add 4 fixture units for each flush valve fixture
PUMP CAPACITY
FIGURE A
n
Refer to Figure B, locate the total Fixture Unit amount along the
horizontal axis of the graph. Follow vertically along until the
intersecting plotted line. Follow this intersection point horizontally
and read the PUMP CAPACITY in GPM on the vertical axis.
34 Fixture units
require a 22 GPM
capacity.
Using 34 fixture units
as an example.
FIGURE B
Pump Sizing
http://www.libertypumps.com/Service/PumpSizing/
Input here Inches
R
inches
18
18
18
Pi
3.141
3.141
3.141
GPM
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
18"
Dia
36
r sq
inches
324
324
324
24"
Height
120
h
inches
120
60
14
30"
Inlet height
60
volume
cubic inches
122122.08
61061.04
14247.576
36"
48"
Tank
Sizing
Float differnetial
14
US gallons
528.7
264.3
61.7
Drainage Fixture Unit Table
Entire tank volume
Bottom to inlet volume
GPM per pump cycle
Type of Fixture or Group of Fixtures
Based on the 2000 International Plumbing Code
Fixture Units
Automatic (commercial) clothes washer (2" standpipe)
3
Automatic (residential) clothes washer
2
Bathroom group consisting of water closet, lavatory, bathtub or
shower, including or excluding a bidet, an emergency floor drain, or
both. (1.6 gpf water closet)
5
Bathroom group consisting of water closet, lavatory, bathtub or
shower, including or excluding a bidet, an emergency floor drain, or
both. (greater than 1.6 gpf water closet)
6
Bathtub (with or without overhead shower)
2
Bidet
1
Combination sink-and-tray
2
Dental unit or cuspidor fixture_unitsb.doc
1
Dental lavatory
1
Drinking fountain
½
Dishwasher, domestic
2
Floor drains with 2" waste
2
Kitchen sink, domestic, with one 1½" waste
2
Kitchen sink, domestic, with food waste grinder and/or dishwasher
2
Lavatory with 1¼" waste
1
Laundry tray (1 or 2 compartments)
2
Shower stall
2
Sinks
2
Urinal
4
Urinal, 1 gallon per flush or less
2
Wash Sink (circular or multiple) each set of faucets
2
Water closet, flushometer tank, public or private
4
Water closet, private (1.6 gpf)
3
Water closet, private (flushing greater than 1.6 gpf)
4
Water closet, public (1.6 gpf)
4
Water closet, public (flushing greater than 1.6 gpf)
6
Fixture drain or trap size:
1¼"
1
1½"
2
2"
3
2½"
4
3"
5
4"
6
Pump Controls
•
•
•
•
Single Float / Piggy Back
Simplex Panel
Duplex panel
Tri-Plex and Quad-plex
Pump Controls
Float switch Piggy Back
Control Panels
Why use a control panel?
• Convenience of alarm and control in one package
• Control of larger horsepower pumps (contactor control)
• Manual operation of the pump
• Pump monitoring
• Control of “three phase” pumps
• Duplex applications
• Control of pumps requiring external starting components
• Intrinsically safe applications
• Pump disconnects
TRADITIONAL PUMP CONTROLS
REVIEW
ALARM
ON
OFF
CONTROLS - REVIEW
ALARM
ON
OFF
WHAT’S IN THERE?
TRADITION
PUMP CONTROLS
H.O.A. SWITCHES
FLOAT INDICATORS
PUMP RUN INDICATORS
TRADITION
PUMP CONTROLS
BREAKERS
MOTOR CONTACTORS
TERMINALS FOR SEPARATE
115 VOLT CONTROL CIRCUIT
FLOAT TERMINALS
TERMINALS FOR
INCOMING POWER
New
Transducer Style Control Panels
Features:
• Digital Display Board for monitoring
and setup
• Inner door for end-user safety
• Cycle counter(s), Elapsed time
Meter(s), NEMA 4X enclosure,
auxiliary contacts - standard
• Level-sensing pressure transducer
New problem free design
• Redundant alarm float
• Can switch between demand
dose and time dose.
29
How it Works
Installer programs on/off/alarm levels
with push buttons and digital display
• Current water level shown on digital
display
• When water is high
enough, triggers pumps to
turn on
Redundant Alarm float works in
case of transducer failure
Pressure Transducer detects
water level
IP Panel Operation (cont.)
• Tank fills to the point of the “Start”
Level.
• “Start” light turns on, and lead pump is
triggered to turn.
Water level
Transducer Panel Operation
• Cycle has just ended, the tank is at the
“zero point”
• At this water level, only the “Stop” light
is on.
Water level
32
IP Panel Operation (cont.)
• The water level continues to rise, However
Something is wrong…perhaps
the lead pump cannot keep up, or the pump
is jammed.
• “Lag” and “Alarm” lights turn on, and lag
pump is triggered.
Water level
33
The Display Board
Shows reporting information
• Current water level
• Elapsed Time Meter(s)
• Cycle counter(s)
• Alarm Counter
• Float Error Counter
Used to program pump cycle levels
• Stop level
• Lead Pump level
• Alarm level
H-O-A buttons
• Push HAND to manual run pumps
34
Program Settings
• To switch from reporting (run) mode to
programming mode, hold the
button for 3
seconds
• Press the
button to cycle through
parameters, and button once to choose
• Use
then
and
to set the desired level, and
once again to save the setting.
• These instructions can be found on the
inner front door or in the instruction manual.
Engineered Solutions
Surge capacitors
Lightning arrestors
EPA / Generator Recepticles
Cycle counters
Intrinsically safe
Demand / Time Dose Panels
Transducers / floats
CSA/ UL / NEMA .. Indoor / Oudoor
Auto dialers
Single phase/ 3 phase
Simplex, Duplex, Tripex, Quadpex
S.C.A.D.A
Motors
Shaded pole motors
•
•
These motors have only one winding, no capacitor,
and no starting switch, making them economical and
reliable.
However because their starting torque is low they
are best suited to driving fans or other loads that are
easily started. Typically only used in sump pumps
PSC motors
•
A capacitor motor in which the starting capacitor and the auxiliary winding remain in the circuit for both starting and
running.
Capacitor start/capacitor run
•
•
•
This type has a start capacitor for the auxiliary winding for high starting torque.
It also has a run capacitor that is in series with the auxiliary winding after the start capacitor is switched out of the circuit.
This allows high breakdown or overload torque, and it operates at lower temperature than other single-phase motor types
of comparable horsepower.
3 phase motors
Rotation
IMPORTANT: For 3-phase pumps,
check for proper rotation before installing pump into basin..
To change rotation, reverse any two of
the three power leads to the pump.
Code the wires for reconnection after
installation.
Single Phase
Three Phase