Scholars' Mine
Bachelors Theses
Student Research & Creative Works
1923
Design of high tension outdoor substation
Joseph Worley
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Department: Electrical and Computer Engineering
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Worley, Joseph, "Design of high tension outdoor substation" (1923). Bachelors Theses. Paper 181.
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DRSIGN OF HIGH TENSION OUTDOOR SUBSTATION
BY
A
THESIS
submitted to the faculty of the
SCHOOL OF MIKES AND METALLURGY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF
MISS~
in nartial fulfillment of the work required for the
Degree of
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINERdING
1923
Apnroved by---
-
.
£ E...-W~
----,~~c:;..-~......-~----.
..
..
Professor of Electricaf
~ngineering.
DESIGN OF HIGH TENSION OUTDOOR SUBSTATION
This thesis deals with the selection and arrangement of
the equipment used in high tension outdoor sUbstations.
Joseph WorleYe
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page
Introduction.
2
Selection of equipment.
5
Calculations or tension.
15
Bibliography.
21
Substation drawings.
Indp.x
37
-1-
Suggested Procedure in SUbstation Design
aMental picture of layout.
1.
bSingle line diagram of connections.
aSelection of equipment,with given capacity and load o
2.
bSnacing and influential factors must be considered.
3,aSketch and indicate the equipment in its selected place.
Equipment includes oil switches,transformers,suspension
disconneeting swicches,buses,ligbtning arresters,and
choke coils.
4aDetails of above should be drawn freehand in order to
'get an idea of the proper arrangement and the necessary 10cations.It might be
we~l
to cut out some small
templets and arrange them in the best order that would
give the proper spacing required.
5QClearances should be cheeked.
Size of wire and size of buses must conform with minimum
allowable values.
Insulators must be of such strengah in order to withstand any mechanical or electrical strain.
eaAll equipment must be checked up for final selection.
7a.A material list should be drawn up including all equipand necessary apparatus used in the SUbstation.
BaDesign should be started at the transmission lines and
and finished at the secondaries of the Toltage transrormers.
-2-
The present day tendency appears to be toward the more
rrequent use or outdoor sUbstations. Where not only the
section disconnecting switches, but also transrormers,
lightning arresters,and indeed all high tension equipment,are exposed to the weather.The eontrol or loeal
feeder eircuits at the lower pressures would be by means
of switch-panels in cheaply eonstructed houses ereeted
near the transformers.
When the Toltage is high, the clearances required by the
high-tension leads and bus-bars within a substation may
require a large building and henee a considerable investment.The investment in equipment and in buildings situat-
.
ed along transmission lines and supplying small loads
may be large eompared with the kilowatt-hours consumed.
Substations ror small loads would not be economically
possible were it necessary to place all the apparatus
within a bUilding.Transformers,switches,lightning arresters ,have been designed so that it is possible to operate
them out of door•• Tb~ bUilding needs only to house the
switchboard and the operator,ir one is necessary.The oil
switches, the light*ing arresters, the transformers,and the
bus-bars
CaD
alr'lbe placed out or doors.The apparatus
must be prachically air tight to keep out moisture.outdoor SUbstations on a large seale are highly developed at
the present timeo
-3-
A very desirable arrangement of the transmission lines
and apparatus is obtained in the outdoor substation as
shown in drawings.NOol and NO.2.The two three phase
66,000 / 6,6 0 0 volt ~ransformers are fed from the same or
separate transmission lines.They may also feed these transmission lines if their secondaries are connected to a generator bus by means of an oil switbh.The load on one transmission line may be shifted by means of the bus tie within
the station.
This design brings out the simplicity and the flexibility
of arrangement which may be obtained where the space is
not limitedoWith unlimited space fUture provisions may be
made thus avoiding changes in the structural arrangement
when the power demand increases.The only changes which
would be necessary,would be to change the position of the
transformers.Enough space is provided for such that the
change
~ould
be made within a few hours upon notice given
by the consumero
This sUbstation may be used as a unit of a High Tension distributing system, such as a ring system with generating stations
and sUbstations at various points in the systam.The sUbstation
may be used to distribute the power from the transmission
11
~ine
or it ma. be used in supplying power to the transmission line
f'rom a generati:*g station.In using two banks of transformers
-4-
<d"l{l
and a double circuit it of'f'ers many advantages
er
reliabi~ity
of' service, easier
main~enance
SUChi.laS
great-
and repairs.
It can be seen in the general wiring diagram that a bus-tie
is used,This of'f'ers several advantages in that the load on one
transmission line may be shif'ted to the other and thus should
there be any interuption in sevice due to a short circuit on
one transmission the load can be immediately switched to the
other parallel line and the truuble can be permanently repaired.
There is one way in which the designer can design a station
o~
the correct capacity and then as industrial condi tl. ons change
the capacity of' the station may not be large enough to supply
the power demand,so it remains f'or him to assume some app.rent
load keeping in mind that a greater load demand might occur in
the future.
The capacity of' this particular sUbstation is 3000.00 IT.V.A.
CONDUCTOR SPACING.
S.,.a.eing between conductors and ground clearances for
Voltage of 66,000 Volts.
Non-Rigid Conductors.
(Outdoor type spans up to 900 ft.).
Minimum ground spacing
Recommended
96 inches.
"
"
36
MiAimum spacing of conductors
Beeomme'!'~~d
"
If
"
52
78
"
"
•
It
•
0
The aboTe table is taken from Bulletin No.13.
Hickey
&
Schneider. Inc.
Engineers & Manufacturers.
Electrical Equipment.
Elizabeth,New Jersey.
-5-
SI ZE OF WIRE.
Canacity of each transformer bank is 1500.n K.VoA.
Thp. high sides are connected in delta and the Toltage
ratio is 66,000 / 6,600 Volts.
The line current is,
1,5 0n ,onn
I
line
= --------------66, noo x-13
= 13.1 amperes.
Size of copper wire selected
= No.1
/ O.
The allowavle current carrying capacity is 125 amperes.
This is raner high but its use is suggested as pro..isions must be made for future power demand.
Diameter in mils 318.
Weight is 322#./ 1 0 00 ft.
Breaking strain of Medina Hard Drawn wire is 4558#=.
c.
The size of wire is determined by the mechanical strength that
iB
i~osed
upon the span.Elastic limit should be approximately
one half the ultimate strength. The wire should not be stressed
beyond its elastic limit.Max1mmm tension tp prevent excessiTe sag
is about 2000 GD 2500 pounds.
-6-
TOWERS.
Towers are to be or the A-frame type and are to be designed by the stryetural engineers. The mechanical stress and
strain can be obtained rrom the calculations on Sago The
height and width can be found in the sectional drawings
Nos.3,4,5,6,7o.A factor of safety of not less than ~
shall be used as provisions must be made for a change in
the ruture.
In diagram No 1.and in drawing N03.it will be seen that ladders
are used this
ma~
not be obvious but they are used since the
~~~
length of disconnecting switcbJ\! are about 20 ft,long.The switches are 32 ft.from the ground and it would be impossible for an
operatir to be able to open them unless these ladders were used
for this reason I find it necessary to malce some device whereby the operator can open the 'disconnecting switches without
much trouble and time on his part.
~-
OXIDE FILM ARRESTERS.
Three phase oxide fiLm arresters are used.
Made by the General Electric Co.
tt About 30% of the line voltage i£ applied
Cat.Np.1576244.
List price $4610.
03 the first insulator therfore it is
Weight 640 0 #.
necessary to select an insulator of the
Number of cells 536.
proper electrical strength, These insulat-
Number of cells per stack 141.
Minimum Toltage
Note~Choke
6a~OO
ors are good for 20,000 Volts.
volts-Maximum voltage 73000 volts.
coils should be used with oxide film arresters
except on cable systems.
The oxide finm arrester consists essentially of a number
of cells with a gap in
seri~s
between line and ground.The
cells are held together under slilht pressure and are arranged in sections or stacks according to the
~oltage
and
kind of a circuit.The cell are disc shapel,about 7 1/2"
in diameter and
5/R" tbickpEach cell is made of two cir-
eular brass plates crimped firmly to the edges of an annular
~iece
of procelain.A powder, lead
perox1d~,wbich has
a Tery low resistance,compaetly fillsLthe space between the
plates. The inside of the metal plates is cOTered with a
varnish film which is an insulator.The number of cells
used in an arrester is such that the Toltage per cell is
approximately 300 volts. These arresters do not need daily
charging.
-s-
1h
OIL SWITCIIES(CIRCUIT BHEAKERS).
Three phase oil circuit breakers are used.
:Made by the Westinghouse Electric & Manu:racturing Cpo
Type GA Oil Circuit breakers.
OUTDOOR TYPE.
Hand-operated.
Automatic.
style No.163515.
Voltage 66000 volts.
Shipping weight 7500#.Net weight 550 n#.
Gallons pf Oil 360.
Note: Weight does not include oil.Weight of' oil is
appro~­
imate1y 7 1/2 pounds per gallon.
The bushing on these oil switohes are to be equiped with bushing type current transformers, this will enable the oil switch
to open on some predetermined value of' the line eurrent o
-~-
Transformers.
Single phase transformers are to be used.
Made by the General Electric Co.
Canacity 500 K.V.Ao
Voltage Ratio 66000 / 6600 Volts.
Frequency 60 cycles.
Type Out
door-~~~.
Oil-Cooled.
weights with oil =22?OO#.
Comnlete without oil
=1~nno#_
To be lifted from tank for inspection
7~OO#.
Transformers have pipe tap connections for filter press.
Caution:Lines or buses connected to these transformers
should be supported such that no appreciable weight or
mechanical
stra~n
is imposed on the transformers terminals.
The mransformers are connected Delta on the high side and may
be either connected in wye or delta on the low side according
to what
eTBr
connections are aesired.
-10-
CHOKE COILS-SUSPENSION SWITCHES & SUSPENSION INSULATORS.
The choke coils,suspellSioll disconnecting switches and suspension insulators,assehlbly were selected :from I.H.J.Jovett's
design book.
Anderson disconnecting switches are used in ,combination
with the insulators of the O.B.type.
Insulator units are made by the Ohio Brass Co .dansfield, Ohio.
Six insulators are used for a line voltage of 66000 volts.
-11-
The C-B (The Ohi:) Brass Company.Hansficlcl,Ohio)
Suspension Porcclai}, Insulator,No.2!:-017,is lmown
as tbe clevis type unit.It embodies all the latest
refinements of
::lcsi:r.l1.Dir]CllSi~JllS
of nctal parts
and spacili2; lJetwccl1 uHi ts al'e :lli accordance wi tIl
the st::''..l''(l.ards 3,(10 ptOCL by the :Lnsu la. tor manufacturers.
Call eastii.lgs are
l;~:.lllealJle
iron, center pins are for/?;-
ed steel, both ;:;alvanizedo
Coclc
wordlNO
Racemate
0
25017-Type D,Fol'm 3,SUSpe!lSion Insulator,
sinr;le unit ......•.•.• List per 100, $440.
Note :This disc can also
Socket connectio'l.
-12-
lJC
supplied with Ball and.
Det ..: 51 s of O-E
INo .of
I~lsulator.
1
-r;;t
! Len~th
'-' -- of
- ;Net ',it. cor.:-
II
Units.
I:
I
0
~-;~'.,c](el1-
--
1'-
iplete lusu1 a tor' for shi1Jment.
complete
I
il Insula tor.
~,
;
!
,
;
I
I
I
:
I
i
1
/
5 3/8
9
2
:
10 3/4
18
i
"In
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-§'f-- ----;
.6
I..J
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1[)
3
1/8
27
I
36
;
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21 -172---
4
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8
32 1/4
{i
7
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36
f-~-'
f,;'
3
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--
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--oMIi
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f14
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45
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-
For export shipment these insulator'units are regularly packed 12,1<1, or 10tn
can be
f''Lll~nishe("t
f"
whell required.
case. Other
si~e
cases
MATERIAL LIST.
Name.
Quantity.
Transformers
6
Oil Switches(three phase)
:l
Lightning Arresters(three phase)
2
Choke coils
6
Anderson
Disc.S~itch
42
G.B.Insulator Units
:.12
Disconnecting sticks
Wire No.1 / 0
Three bolt clamps
CleTises (Roller).
Eye Bolts.
5/8" ~ 19."
Loeke Clevis No 2937.
2
(APurox ) •
1700 feet.
90
90
60
60
CALCULATIONS
on
TENSION
IwmmLA
used.
wx1 2
p
max
= -----8xs
~
wxs
Where
P
is the maximum tension, in pounds.
max
s,is the sag in reet
l,is the length or the s-pan in reet.
w,is the weight per root.
In the above formula w is the weight per unit
have assumed the
-t:.
t~al
len~th
and I
weight as distributed however this
would only result in approximate resultso
-15-
Calculations on Tension.
Transmission line section.
= 86
tower =
Length of span
Height of
ft.
~2
ft.
"
If
Insulators. ( 24 )
= 2'.7
= 220.0
"
"
fI
Copper blades ( 2 )
=
"
Tie wire
WAi.ght of No. 1
/0
wire (
(
86:f~.)
1(\ ft.)
Assuming a sag of
~
28fl.{)
= --------- +
max
ox?
3.26 x 2
= 1510 #.
Where
w
= :1.26
=#= /
f't.
1 = 86 ft. length of span.
s
=2
#.
f'eet, the max:irnmn tension is,
:1.26x 86 2
P
#.
#.
:1.? #.
=
=
Total weight
"lO.O
#.
:ft. sag assumed.
Calcdlations on Tension.
Section be'tween Lightning Arresters and 01.1 Switches.
Length of s-pan
=
70 ft.
Height of tower
=
22 :ft"
/0
Weight of No, 1
H
tt
"
wire (
"
"
Choke coil.
"
Tie wire. (
7()
Insulators ( is
:ft.)
92.5
=
"
=tf.
20.0.#.
= 165.0
\
J
:ft.)
~?
=
=
J1.
ir·
..u.
7.1 iJ·
Total weight
Assuming a sag o:f
9
feet, the maximum tension is,
:1. ?Q
p
max
=
X
8 x 2
+
Where
w
= 3~29
1
= 70
# / :ft.
ft.length of span.
s = sag 2 :ft. assumed.
-17-
~.2q
x 2.
Calculations on
~ension,
Bus-Tie section.
T,ength of span
=
?~.5
Height o:f tower
=
16. n. ft.
ft.
Weight of No lIn wire ( 45.() ft.)
=
14.6
#.
Weight of Insulators (18):
= 165.0
#.
Weight o:f Copper blade (1)
=
#.
15.0
---------~------------------------~-----------------
Weight Toeal
Assuming a sag of 7 ft,jhe maximum tehsion is,
0
9.65 x ?9.5 2
P
max
= -----------8 x .7
= 15
0rl
0.65
#.
Where
w = 0.65 #/ ft.
1 = ?o.5 ft.length of span.
s =07 :ft.sag assumed.
-lR-
x .7
Calculationc- on Tension.
Transformer 'Section.
Length of span
=
Height of tower
:: 22.0 :ft.
Weight of No.1
/0
89.5 ft.
wire ( tN.5 l' to)
=
28.R
i.
·:1f.
ff
tI
Insulators ( 18 )
= 165. 0
"
"
"
Copper blade ( 1 )
=
15.0 :#:
'
Tie wire ( 46.0 ft )
=
14.8 =H=.
It
Total weight
..
= 233.6
Assuming a §ag of ? ft.,the maxiulUID tension is,
2.5 i 8 0 .5 2
P
max
= ----------- +
8 x 2
2.5 x
= 1250 #=.
Where
w
= 2.5
1
rt
#=./ f't ..
8~.5
f't.length of'
s = 2 ft. sag assumed.
-19-
span~
9
H
REFERENCE PAGE FOR DRA1YING NO.1.
Item
Name
Drawing No.
Page.
A-A
Longi. tudinal.C. S.
3
B-B
Blevation.C.S.
4
?5
?6
C-C
"
" "
5
D-D
"
" "
6
E-E
"
" "
7
a
Towers
b
Insulators
c
Ladders
d
Disc.Switch.
e
NO.1/0 M.ll.D wire.
f'
Lt.Arresters.
g
3
8,9,10.
:'.9-31
3
11
32
4,1~
Tie line
h
Choke coils
i
Substation Bus
j
Oil switches
Bus-Tie
1
Transf'ormers.
m
IIi-side of' trans.
n
Low-side of' trans.
I
:'.8
12
32
5,14
~6,35
6
27
7,15
28,36
o
Tracks f'or transf'ormers.
7
p
Lif'ting tower f'or trans.
7
28
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Electrical World
Volume
Pagp.
6Q
819
70
98
70
100
70
1236
71
718
70
689
72
537
72
928
72
1068
73
788
73
831
73
884
78
132f.
79
681
75
433
75
139
75.,
883
75
949
75
827
75
955
74
1110
"77
1315
66
689
-21-
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Electric Journal
Volwne
Page
21
193
11
158
12
157
13
420
A.IoP..F.
40
General EIActric Review
17
397
17
639
17
728
19
44
19
973
21
640
23
342
24
41
Jan- Dec.
""'"
DOD
a0 0
~
lJt
L!!J ")(''!!Jllrreder~
~~
<::
~~
~
;r-~'
~~
r-+-. ~
:r-. Cfoke Coil.
T
~•
~
-
.
,~
~
-1
.~
~
\f)
~~-1
~
:~~
-1
co
'------ ~ ----~
~~ ---~-~ -~
-....
...
,
.~
J
~
1
~
.
~
\jQ
I
~
~ ~.~
.
~lf)
.0 .....
.....,
~
"
~~
.~ ~
\)
1
"'f"
~
If
C'i
~'
.tC\
~
~
~
~
~
(';0.
~
....
~
~
Q
~
~
~
-'-
-
~~
f~~
~,
!\
tl'\
f!r\-
I--.f.
<:l.>
-27-
~
\:)
(J)
Ckl..
t
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•
-25- .
I
/YO 8
C-B Sl1SrHJJlsi.on P 1'cc1n1n Insulator.
Type J),Form '. -Patented
___.l::::;::==-====:::::;;::l:-:::£---'_
Two units,No o 25017,connectcd;lower unit
shown in section.
/YO. q
Suspension Irsula tor
~~o, :::::'017, 't'ype
n, F(~r!.1 '1.
(YO.
/0.
Deaf} End wi.th Tur,l Buckle for' Gf1,800 Volt Sul}-
st:l.tJon.
Dead. Bnd on Steel
Gil'ller.g~<fc:
Bolt userl on d.eai.1. end. •
..
."
jl'
1. Servii. 1C.
,;
2.Three Bolt Clamp A.To& T • Pl:.... t tern ..
:~
"noller Clevis.
~.Suspension
Disc .. o.n.No.2~OI7g
6 .. 5/f?" xIS" Rye Dolt, threa(led lfl", & h<,.. s 2 nuts & 1 washer.
IVa / I.
~)llspension
Disconi.ec. tinn' Swltch For ()6, ono Volt
Substation.
1.See Drawing NO p 8
't , .
2.Serving.
3.Iloller UleTis.
4.Suspension
~.Anderson
Disc,O.B.No.2~017.
Suspension
6.Three Bolt
Cla~p
Disconncctill~
A.T.&T.Pattern.
Switch.
1Yl7.IZ
Suspension Choke Cu:U For Ci(;, "',:.r) Volt
Sul)sta tinn.
\
,\
\
1
1.Suspension Choke Coil.
2.Serving.
lin Wire.
T .r;:.. t tern
~. Punchecl Trlhe Terrdnal f'or
40 Threo Bolt ClaMp ,AoT 0
5.Roller Cleviso
8~
NO./-f:
Wcstiu.:-hons0 ~'~'~ctl':'ic & E;1mLf':,-ctnr:i..nrr Co.
East
T'itts1nH':~11,Pao
Type GA Oil Circuit-Breaker.
style No.163515oVolts RoOOO.
Net wt.55,)';:'!: vithout o:il.Gals 0;1 :l!~f).
~
~
f
~~
.,..'::
~
~
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-36-
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I
INDEX.
Page.
Arresters
8,'.:>5,'14
Bibliography
?ol,o')
Breakers, circuit
Bus tie
~7
Circuit breakers
q,26,~5
Choke colitIs
11,~3
Conductors size
6
Conductors
5
s~acing
Contents table
1
11, ~:.}2
Disconnecting switches
Drawing general diagram
5>.3
Drawings
?8-36
EQuipment
Film arresters
7-1;l
8,25,:14
Formula tension
15
General diagram
HifP tension equipment
7-1:1
Introduction
2- 4
Insulators
Length of' spans
Material list
Oil Switches
12,
1~,
?-9_-:n
16-19
14
Q,~6t:l5
Index.
Page.
Oxide rilm arresters
8,?5,:l4
Page rererence
20
Porcelain insulators
12 ,
Rererence page
13~ 2q-~1
?()
Ratio Toltage
6,1()
Sag
16-1G
Size of wire
6
Snacing
5
Substation procedure
2
Susuension choke coils
11,33
1 2 ,13,29-31
Susuension insulators
Suspension disconnecting switches
Switches oil
11,32
°,26,35
1
Table 01' con*ents
27
Tie bus
Tension calculations
16-19
7,24
Towers
10,28,36
Transformers
6,10
Voltage ratio
6
Wire size
-38-
.----1-1-1-1-1-1-------.
I
I
1
I
I
-
I
! - - ; _~_~_ _ ~-_o
~
+If
=--b
~~~---.---.---+--T-~
I
I
- - -
1-l-L...1......JL...L..1----LJ.....J......J.....L.....l---
I
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