Scottish Universities Physics Alliance
MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF LASER PLASMA
ACCELERATORS
Dino Jaroszynski
University of Strathclyde
SCAPA dino@phys.strath.ac.uk
STFC Feb. 2015
Plasma-accelerators towards
applications
Scottish Universities
Physics Alliance
X-Ray
Phase
contrast
Imaging
Laser beam
driven
plasma
accelerators
Radioisotope
production
Particle beam
radiotherapy
SCAPA dino@phys.strath.ac.uk
STFC Feb. 2015
Bubble structure – relativistic
regime
ion bubble radius
R
a0  p
2
laser
First experiments
on controlled
acceleration:
2004
ALPHA-X (UK: IC,
Strathclyde, RAL)
LBNL (US)
LOA (France)
SCAPA dino@phys.strath.ac.uk
self-injected
electron bunch
undergoing
betatron
oscillations
ion bubble
STFC Feb. 2015
ALPHA-X: Advanced Laser Plasma High-energy
Accelerators towards X-rays – Template for SCAPA
Compact R&D facility to develop and apply
femtosecond duration particle, synchrotron,
free-electron laser and gamma ray sources
Jaroszynski et al., (Royal Society Transactions, 2006)
0.3
0.2
electron beam spectrum
1000
0.1
0.0
0
5
10
15
Wavelength (m)
No. electrons
/ MeV [a.u.]
TR (J/m)
CTR: electron
bunch duration:
1-3 fs
Measured TR signal
1 fs
1.5 fs
2 fs
2.5 fs
3 fs
4 fs
750
(b)

500


phase contrast
imaging
with 50 keV
photons
 0.7%
250
0
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Electron energy [MeV]
capillary &
ALPHA-X
@ Strathclyde
(a)
30-40 TW
FEL
1J 30 fs
beam emittance: <1 p mm mrad
 = 2.8 nm – 1 m
(<1GeV beam)
Brilliant
particle source: 10 MeV → GeV, kA peak current, fs STFC
duration
Feb. 2015
SCAPA dino@phys.strath.ac.uk
Energy spread, beam loading and
stability studies
30
r.m.s.
spread of
the mean
energy 2.8%
25
16000

 0.75%

Absolute
energy spread
< 600 keV
14000
Counts
Charge/unit energy [a.u.]
18000
20
15
10
5
0
130
12000
135
140
145
150
Energy [MeV]
10000
8000
100
110
120
130
140
150
No dark
current
Energy [MeV]
Maximum energy obtained in
2 mm = 360 MeV
Best operation conditions
SCAPA dino@phys.strath.ac.uk
STFC Feb. 2015
Electron Beam- Pointing
Stability
Gas jet
(a)
15
counts
Electron
beam
recorded on
YAG screen
20
10
x = 1.4 mrad
5
0
-4
-6
High
resolution
20
counts
Electron beam pointing deviation is less
than one spot size
(b)
15
10
5
0
-6
Capillary
y = 1.3 mrad
-4
-2
0
2
TP
2.8 mrad spread
TN
0.6 mrad spread
Count
40
PMQs in
30
20
10
0
-20
SCAPA dino@phys.strath.ac.uk
4
vertical position (mrad)
50
no PMQs
4
2
0
-2
horizontal position (mrad)
-10
0
10
Angle [mrad]
20
STFC Feb. 2015
Measuring emittance
Brunetti et al., PRL (2010)
Manahan et al., New J. Phys. (2014).
Maesure emiitance: e = 1 p mm mrad
SCAPA dino@phys.strath.ac.uk
STFC Feb. 2015
Synchrotron radiation from ion channel
wiggler: betatron radiation
•
Wiggler motion – electron deflection angle q ~(px/pz) is much larger than the angular
spread of the radiation j(1/γ)
  au  1
j=1/
deflection angle – au /
•
Only when k & p point in the same direction do we get a radiation contribution.
•
Spectrum rich in harmonics – peaking at
•
Radiation rate W   2 therefore only emission at dephasing length Ld
SCAPA dino@phys.strath.ac.uk
hcrit
3au3

8
STFC Feb. 2015
Resonant Betatron radiation
phase contrast imaging
Divergence and source size
Cipiccia et al., Nature Physics (2011), & RSI (2013)
rb = 7 m source size
Strathclyde
RAL
SCAPA dino@phys.strath.ac.uk
STFC Feb. 2015
Ion Channel Laser
Similar to FEL but
with variable
wiggler parameter
for each electron
Ersfeld et al., NJP
(2014)
  0.01
SCAPA dino@phys.strath.ac.uk
STFC Feb. 2015
VHEE: Measured and calculated
dose maps
1.8 cm
11.8 cm
1.8 cm
11.8 cm
3.8 cm
13.8 cm
3.8 cm
13.8 cm
SCAPA dino@phys.strath.ac.uk
5.8 cm
15.8 cm
5.8 cm
15.8 cm
7.8 cm
9.8 cm
17.8 cm
19.8 cm
7.8 cm
9.8 cm
17.8 cm
19.8 cm
Measurement
(above) vs MC
calculated
(below) dose
maps for
several depths
in water for
142 MeV
electron beam.
Subiel, et al.,
PMB 59, 5811
(2014)
Moskvin, et al.,
PMB 39, 3813
(2012)
STFC Feb. 2015
Scottish Universities
Physics Alliance
Focussing Very High Energy
Electrons
Focused beam simulation studies
SCAPA dino@phys.strath.ac.uk
Beam transport
STFC Feb. 2015
Strathclyde UV undulator
measurements
spectral intensity [photons/nm]
charge density [pc/MeV]
107 photons predicted
0.2
2 pC
0.1

 2.4%

0.0
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
1.5x10
5
1.0x105
42 fs
5.0x10
4
MP Anania, et al.,
Applied Physics
Letters 104, 264102
(2014)
Nu=100, u=1.5 cm
SCAPA dino@phys.strath.ac.uk

 8.3%

0.0
100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
energy [MeV]
u
au2
  2 (1    2q 2 );
2
2
6 x 106 photons measured
wavelength [nm]

1

 2 Nu
eBˆ u
au 
2p mc
1/2
2  /     /  measured  (  )  1 / N 


2
First experiments in visible:
HP Schlenvoigt, et al.,
Nature Physics 4 (2), 130-133
2
2 2
2
u
1
Nu 
STFC Feb. 2015
Scottish Centre for the Application of
Plasma-based Accelerators (SCAPA)
• Expansion of ALPHA-X laser-plasma accelerator
facilities at Strathclyde with new laboratories.
• In-depth programme of Applications.
• Accelerator and source Research & Development.
• Knowledge Exchange & Commercialisation
• Engagement in European and other large projects.
• Training: Centre for Doctoral Training in the Application
of Next Generation Accelerations
• 3 shielded areas with 7 accelerator beam lines.
• High-intensity femtosecond laser systems:
a) 300-350 TW (with provision for PW) @ 5 Hz,
b) 40 TW @ 10 Hz,
c) sub-TW @ 1 kHz.
• High-energy proton, ion and electron bunches.
• High-brightness fs duration X-ray & gamma-ray pulses.
SCAPA dino@phys.strath.ac.uk
40 mm
Compact GeV electron accelerator
and gamma-ray source
APPLICATIONS
•
•
•
•
•
•
Radiobiology
Ultrafast Probing
High-Resolution Imaging
Radioisotope Production
Detector Development
Radiation Damage Testing
STFC Feb. 2015
ALPHA-X project
Strathclyde (15 students and 16 staff):
Team: Dino Jaroszynski (Director), ZhengMing Sheng, Bernhard Hidding, Enrico
Brunetti, Cristian Ciocarlan, Silvia Cipiccia, David Clark, Rudolf Csernyei, Bernhard
Ersfeld, Paul Farrell, David Grant, Peter Grant, Ranaul Islam, Karolina Kokourewicz,
Panos Lepipas, Tom McCanny, Martin Mitchell, Graeme McKendrick, Grace Manahan,
Maryam Mohagheghniapour, Adam Noble, Craig Picken, Guarav Raj, David Reboredo
Gil, Phil Tooley, Gregory Vieux, Maria Weikum, Gregor Welsh, Mark Wiggins, Xue Yang,
Sam Yoffe Strathclyde Collaborators: Marie Boyd, Annette Sorensen, Gordon Rob,
Brian McNeil, Ken Ledingham and Paul McKenna
ALPHA-X: Current and past collaborators:
Lancaster U., Cockcroft Institute / STFC - ASTeC, STFC – RAL CLF, U. St. Andrews, U.
Dundee, U. Abertay-Dundee, U. Glasgow, Imperial College, IST Lisbon, U. Paris-Sud LPGP, Pulsar Physics, UTA, CAS Beijing, U. Tsinghua, Shanghai Jiao Tong U., Beijing,
Capital Normal U. Beijing, APRI, GIST Korea, UNIST Korea, LBNL, FSU Jena, U.
Stellenbosch, U. Oxford, UCL, LAL, PSI, U. Twente, TUE, U. Bochum, IU Simon Cancer
Center, Indianapolis, MGS Research, Inc., Madison, Royal Marsden, ELI-NP, ELI-ALPS,
ELI-Beamlines ....
Support: Strathclyde University, EPSRC,
CSO, EU-FP7 Laserlab & EUCARD, STFC
SCAPA dino@phys.strath.ac.uk
STFC Feb. 2015
Scottish Universities
Physics Alliance
FIN
Thank you
SCAPA dino@phys.strath.ac.uk
STFC Feb. 2015