STUDENT INFORMATION RETRIEVAL USING GEOGRAPHICAL
INFORMATION SYSTEM: KUKTEM HOSTEL ROZIYAII BINTI ABDUL RAZAK
A report submitted in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Computer Science (Software Engineering)
Faculty of Computer Science & Software Engineering University College of Engineering & Technology Malaysia
PERPUSTAKMN
KOLEJ UMVERSIT
KEJURUTERAAN a TEKNOLOOJ MALAYSIA
No, Pero!ehar,
No. Panggn
21228
ankh
NOVEMBER, 2006
31 JAN 2007
-
iv
ABSTRACT
An effective and faster data retrieval technique is important when dealing
among systems with large database. The existing Hostel Management System in
Students Affairs Department (HEP) of University College of Engineering and
Technology Malaysia (KUKTEM) involves thousands of student data. As a result,
the processing time of data retrieval becoming lengthy. This system also restricted
the administrator to detect student's location visually. In order to solve these flaws,
Student Information Retrieval using Geographical Information System (GIS) is
developed. This system focused on discovering student information based on their
ttident identification number and name by applying geographical location / map
Oncept. This new system provide functions zoom in, zoom out, panning, identify
and query builder in order to simplify the data manipulation by the administrator. By
applying the data visualization technique using GIS, the administrator can retrieve
data faster and in an interactive way.
ABSTRAK
Pencarian makiumat yang cepat dan efektif adalah penting bagi system yang
melibatkan data yang besar. Sistem pegurusan asrama di Hal Ehwal Pelajar (HEP),
Kolej Universiti Kejuruteraan dan Teknologi Malaysia (KUKTEM) melibatkan
beribu data pelajar. Sistem mi mengambil masa yang lama bagi proses mendapatkan
makiumat pelajar di sebabkan data yang terlalu banyak. Sistem iiii juga tidak
mambenarkan pihak pengurusan untuk mendapatkan lokasi pelajar secara visual.
Bagi mengatasi masalah mi sistem Pencarian Makiumat Pelajar menggunakan Sistem
Makiumat Geografi (GIS) telah di bangunkan. Sistem mi memfokuskan kepada
pencarian maldumat pelajar menggunakan kedudukan geografi / peta berdasarkan
nombor pelajar. Sistem baru mi juga menyediakan fungsi - fungsi membesarkan dan
mengecilkan peta, panning, pengenalpastian data, query builder bagi memudahkan
pihak pengurusan memanipulasikan data yang ada. Penggunaan pemaparan data
secara Sistem Maldumat Geografi (GIS) dapat membantu pihak pengurusan
mendapatkan data dengan cepat dan lebih interaktif.
vi
TABLES OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
TITLE
PAGE
DECLARATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
iv
ABSRAK
1
2
TABLES OF CONTENTS
vi
LIST OF TABLES
x
LIST OF FIGURES
xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
xiii
LIST OF APPENDICES
xiv
INTRODUCTION
1
1.1 Introduction
1
1.2 Problem Statement
2
1.3 Objectives of the System
3
1.4 Scope
3
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
4
2.2 Geographical Information System (GIS)
4
2.2.1
Components of GIS
6
2.2.2
GIS Data Types
8
2.22.1 Vector Data
9
2.2.2.2 Raster Data
11
vii
2.3 Advantages of GIS
13
2.4 GIS Applications
2.5 The Current System of Student Information Retrieval
13
15
2.6 Case Study of GIS Application
16
2.6.1
GIS Database of the Environmental Information
2.6.2
The Management System Development of Campus
Facility Information using Web-based GIS
2.7
3
16
17
GIS Software/Tools
19
2.7.1
ArcView3.1
20
2.7.2
Avenue Scripts
21
2.8 Hardware Requirements
22
2.9 Database Requirements
22
METHODOLOGY
23
3.1
Introduction
23
3.2
Planning Phase
23
3.3
Requirements Analysis Phase
24
3.4
Design Phase
24
3.4.1
Components of Student Information Retreival
25'
3.4.2
Database Design
26
3.4.2.1
3.4.3
3.5
Data Dictionary
Interface Design
26
30
Implementation Phase
31
3.5.1
Pre-Processing
33
3.5.2
Database Development
33
3.5.3
Interface Development
34
3.5.3.1
Find
36
3.5.3.2
Query Builder
37
3.5.3.3
Identify
38
3.5.3.4
HotLink
39
3.5.3.5
Zoom
40
3.5.3.6
Pan
42
viii
Clear Selected Features
3.5.3.7
3.6 Testing Phase
43
43
3.8 Hardware and Software
44
3.8.1 Hardware Specification
3.8.2 Software Specification
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Introduction
42
3.7 Maintenance Phase
4
44
45
46
46
4.2 Testing Environment
4.3 Results for Student Information Retrieval using GIS
4.3.1 Hot Link Button
4.3.2 Find Button
4.3.3 Query Builder Button
4.3.4 Identify Button
4.3.5 Zoom Functionality
4.3.6 Pan Button
4.3.7 Clear Selected Features Button
4.4 Discussion
4.5 Weaknesses of the Student Information Retrieval
46
4.6 Advantages of Student Information Retrieval using GIS
4.7 Constraints
4.8 Lesson Learnt
4.8.1 Working under Pressure
4.8.2 Project Planning and Time Management
4.9 Assumption and Further Research
5
CONCLUSION
5.1
REFERENCES 47
48
49
51
52
53
57
59
59
63
63
64
65
65
65
66
Conclusion
67
67
69
ix
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
70
71
72
x
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO.
TITLE
3.1
Data Dictionary of Table Gf.shp
3.2
Data Dictionary of Table Fl1.shp
3.3
Data Dictionary of Table F12.shp
3.4
Data Dictionary of Table F13.shp
3.5
Data Dictionary of Table F14.shp
3.6
Hardware Specification
3.7
Software Specification
PAGE
27
27
28
29
30
45
xi
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO.
TITLE
2.1
GIS Components
2.2
Vector data versus Raster data
2.3
GIS Points
2.4
GIS Lines
2.5
GIS Polygons
2.6
Cell - based raster data
2.7
Imaged - based raster data
2.8
Interface of the current system
2.9
The list of facility information
2.10
The view of facility information
3.1
Flow of the system implementation
3.3
The Interface for Geodatabase
3.4
The Find interface
3.5
The Algorithms of searching
3.6
The Query Builder interface
3.7
TheAlgorithin of quering data
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
7
9
10
10
10
12
12
15
19
19
The three components Student Information Retrieval
3.2
3.8
PAGE
The Algorithms of identity the place
The Picture Viewer of sub - interface
The Algorithms of viewing pictures
The Algorithms of Zoom In
The Algorithms of Zoom Out
The Algorithms of Zoom to Full Extent
The Algorithms of Zoom to Active Theme
The Algorithms of Pan
25
32
34
36
36
37
37
38
39
40
40
41
41
41
42
xli
3.16
The Algorithms of Clear Selected Features
42
4.1
The main interface of SIR
47
4.2
The sub - interface of SIR
48
43
Displaying the Sub - interface of selected object
49
4.4
Sub - interface for finding student room
50
4.5
Sub - interface that show student room in the map
50
4.6
Sub - interface that show the Query builder
51
4.7
Sub - interface that show the student room selected in the map
52
4.8
Sub - interface for Identify
4.9
The Zoom In Functionality
54
4.10
The Zoom Out Functionality
55
4.11
The Zoom to Full Extent Functionality
56
4.12
The Zoom to Active Themes Functionality
57
4.13
The Panning functionality: move the map to the right
58
4.14
The Panning functionality: move the map to the left
58
4.15
System preferences between SIR using GIS and existing system
60
4.16
The important to use the GIS elements in GIS
61
4.17
Map using different layers in GIS gives better usability
62
4.18
SIR save the time in getting the student information rather than
existing system
53
62
xlii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ArcSDE
Advanced Spatial Data Server
CAD
Computer Aided Design
CPU
Centre Processing Unit
DBMS
Database Management System
GIS
Geographical Information System
GUI
Graphical User Interface
flEA
Academic Affairs Department / Hal Ehwal Akademik
HEP
Student Affairs Department / Hal Ehwal Pelajar
HTML
Hyper-Text Markup Language
ICC
Information and Computer Centre
KUKTEM
University College of Engineering and Technology Malaysia
LAN
Local area Network
Map Object IMS
Map Object Internet Map Server
MNE
Ministry of Nature Environment
PC
Personal Computer
PSM
SIR
Undergraduate Project / Projek Sarjana Muda
Student Information Retrieval
xiv
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX
A
B
C
TITLE
PAGE
Gantt chart
70
Data used in SIR
71
Questionaire 72
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
This chapter is focusing on introduction of the system, problem statement of
the existing system, objectives and scope of the system.
1.1
Introduction
The management in hostel is very important because they have to manage
lots of data such as the student data and information. So they should have to manage
the data systematically. Therefore Student Affairs Department (HEP) has applied the
computerized system to help them in hostel management. Without the computerized
system, they have a lot of problem in manage the student data and also the data that
related to the hostel management Although the computerized system is known can
reduce human energy, paperless and also help the staff in managing time more
wisely, it still has the problem in providing the systematic management especially in
getting the student information To solve this problem, Student Information
Retrieval using Geographical Information System (GIS) has been develop to improve
the existing system further to assist users in finding student's room and to retrieve
s
tudent's data by clicking on the map. Besides, user will know the number of
S
tudents in the hostel and also the number of the student in the room. Therefore this
System will not waste their time because they only need to click at the place that they
Want to know by click at the maps.
2
Student Information Retrieval helps the Student Affairs Department (HEP) to
retrieve student's data easily and faster. This system focusing on how to improve the
retrieving of student's data beside others additional function. So user can know the
student data faster and easily such as to know the student's room, and others
information about the student. Users also are allowed to search student's room by
student id. This system eases to the user to get any information anytime when they
needed.
1.2 Problem Statement
According to the existing system used by Student Affairs Department (HEP),
it is found that the system does not really helps in retrieving student's information
wisely. Sometimes human power still needed to configure it manually. Below are
some of the problems faced by the current system.
The current system that used by Student Affairs Department (REP) at
KUKTEM has face the problem on getting the student information in short time.
Based on the current system, the user should search the student by metric number
before they can get the information about that student. The system does not provide
searching by room. So that they do not know who's student there and also the
number of the student in that room.
To solve these problems, the system provides a student information retrieval
using Geographical Information System. This system based on University College
of Engineering and Technology Malaysia (KUKTEM) hostel map. The user will get
the student's information in KUKTEM hostel through the visualization of hostel
map. They also can get the student information by searching the student id and
flame.
3
1.3
Objectives of the System
The main objectives of the system are:
1.4
i.
To develop the Student Information Retrieval Using Geographical
Information System.
ii.
To search the student location.
iii.
To manipulate the map by zooming and searching.
Scope
The scope of this system is to develop the Student Information Retrieval only
for University College of engineering and Technology Malaysia (KUKTEM) hostel.
i.
This system is using Geographical Information System (GIS).
ii.
Searching based on the student identification number and name.
iii.
This program is developed using Arc View 3.1 and Avenue
scripting as an application language.
iv.
This system uses the vector data type.
V.
The information of the student for Student Information Retrieval
involves students in blocks C and C2.
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Introduction
Literature review is the ways to increase knowledge and understanding about
the topic that is proceed by finding out all information before developing the system.
This chapter is finding out the researches that related to this system and make the
specific analysis.
2.2
Geographical Information System (GIS)
GIS is acronym for Geographical Information System. Geographical is refers
to a specific location in space. This term is used because GIS tend to deal primarily
with geographic or spatial features. Information is refers to a large volumes of data
which are usually handled within a GIS. Every object has their own particular set of
ch aracteristics or descriptive attributes. System is the term used to represent the
system approach taken by GIS. Most of the information systems now are computers
based. G
eographical Information System (GIS) refers to a computer-based system
for Storing, analyzing, and reporting map and spatial database, providing
environmental, social economic and geographic information. GIS is a collection of
cOn'Puter hardware software, and geographic data for capturing, managing,
ana
lyzing, and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information [1].
5
Geographical Information System (GIS) is an integrating technology by
linking a number of discrete technologies into a whole that is greater than the sum of
its parts. GIS have emerged as very powerful technologies because they allow
geographers to integrate their data and methods in ways that support traditional
forms of geographical analysis as well as new types of analysis and modeling [2].
A regular map shows only spatial data such as cities, rivers, roads, and
forests. A geographic information system contains further information by linking
attribute data to spatial data. For example, population and unemployment rate can be
linked to specific city areas. This link creates intelligent map features and provides
the ability of retrieving the data for fact-finding, querying the data with criteria,
spatial analysis and modeling, topological operating, and network analysis [2].
A Geographical Information System (GIS) is a tool that uses the power of the
computer to pose and answer geographical question. The user guides the program to
arrange and display data about places on the planet in a variety of ways including
maps, charts, and tables. The hardware and software allows the users to see and
interact with data in new ways by blending electronic maps and database to generate
color coded display. User can zoom in and out of maps freely, add layers of new
data, and study detail and relationships [3].
Actually GIS is differs from Computer Aided design (CAD) and other
graphical computer applications. It is because all spatial data that using GIS is
geog
raphically referenced to a map projection in the earth coordinate system. A GIS
supports several views for working with geographic information. Three views of
GIS used for working with elements of geographic knowledge which is geodatabase,
ge ovisualjj0
and geoprocessing.
These three (3) elements are [4]:
i. Ge
odatabase View - A GIS is a unique kind of database of the world and
known as a ge
ographic database (geodatabase). It is an information system
for g
eography. Basically, a GIS is based on a structured database that
describes the world in geographic terms. It is also containing data sets that
represent geographic information in terms of a generic GIS data model
(features, rasters, topologies, networks, and so forth).
ii. GeovisualiZatiOn View - A GIS is a set of intelligent maps and other views
that shows features and feature relationships on the earth's surface. Various
map views of the underlying geographic information can be constructed and
used to support queries, analysis, and editing of the information.
iii. Geoprocessing View - A GIS is a set of information transformation tools that
derives new geographic data sets from existing data sets. These
geoprocessing functions take information from existing data sets, apply
analytic functions, and write results into new derived data sets.
These three (3) GIS views are represented in ArcGIS by the catalog (a GIS is
a collection of geographic data sets), the map (a GIS is an intelligent map view), and
the toolbox (a GIS is a set of geoprocessing tools). All three are critical parts of an
intelligent GIS and are used at varying levels in all GIS applications.
2.2.1 Components of GIS
A working GIS integrates five (5) key components which is hardware,
software, data, methods, and people {5}. All of these components need to be in
balance for the system to be successful. Figure 2.1 shows the GIS components.
7
Hardware -
V
Software
GIS
Data
People
i
Methods
Figure 2.1 GIS Components
i.
Hardware is a computer system on which a GIS operates. Today, GIS
software runs on a wide range of hardware types, from centralized computer
servers to desktop computers used in stand-alone or networked
configurations. Hardware consists of the technical equipment needed to run a
GIS including a computer system with enough power to run the software,
enough memory to store large amounts of data, and input and output devices
such as scanners, digitizers, GPS data loggers, media disks, and printers.
ii. Software is defined as the group of instructions which enable the execution of
a certain procedure by a computer. GIS software provides the functions and
tools needed to store, analyze, and display geographic information. Keg'
Software c omponents are:
(a) A database management system (DBMS)
(b) Tools for the input and manipulation of geographic information
(c) Tools that support geographic query, analysis, and visualization
(d) A graphical user interface (GUI) for easy access to tools
8
ii. Data is the most important component of a GIS. Geographic data and related
tabular data can be collected in-house or bought from a commercial data
provider. Most GISs employ a DBMS to create and maintain a database to
help organize and manage data.
iv. Method is a process in develop the GIS system. The successful of the GIS
system is depend on the type of the methodology that applied, well-designed
plan and business rules, which are the models and operating practices unique
to each organization.
v. People is refers to system users who manage the system and develop plans for
applying it. They are also need to be educated to make decisions on what
type of system to use. People who associated with a GIS can be categorized
into viewers, general users, and GIS specialists.
2.2.2 GIS Data Types
GIS organizes geographic data into series thematic layers and tables. It is
because data in a GIS are referenced to geography. GIS links the location to each
layer such as people to addresses, buildings to parcels, or streets within a network to
give a better understanding of how the features interrelate.
In a GIS, collections of geographic features are organized into data sets, such
as land parcels, fire locations, buildings, orthophoto imagery, and raster-based digital
elevation models in particular defined geographic data sets are critical for useful
g
eographic information systems, and the layer-based concept of thematic collections
of in
formation is critical for (uS data sets. There are two (2) basic of spatial data
types used in GIS work which are raster and vector [6]. Figure 2.2 shows the
differences between vector data and raster data.
Vector
Raster
Point
Line
j
__________________
i-i--i-i-•i- 1
Polygon
1 1tii
Figure 2.2 Vector data versus Raster data
2.2.2.1 Vector Data
The vector data model represents each feature as a row in a table, and feature
shapes are defined by x,y locations in space. For examples lines on the road map, the
points that indicate cities and the polygons that encloses a state which is based on
points, lines and polygons. Much vector data is stored in GIS formats, such as those
of ArcView SHP or Mapinfo formats. Vector data is composed of discrete
coordinates that can be used as points or connected to create lines and polygons.
Points is refers to discrete location on the surface of the planet, represented
by an x-y coordinate pair. Each point on the map is created by latitude and longitude
coordinates, and is stored as an individual record in the database.
Lines are formed by connecting two (2) data points. The computer reads this
line as straight, and renders the line as a vector connecting two x-y coordinates (X
longitude, Y = latitude). The more points used to create the line, the greater the
detail. For lines, this means that the system stores one end of the line as the starting
Point and the other as the end point, giving the line direction.
Polygons is refers to an area that fully encompassed by a series of connected
lines. Because lines have direction, the system can determine the area that falls
Within the lines comprising the polygon. Polygons are often an irregular shape.
Each polygon Contains one type of data such as vegetation, streets, and dispatch
lo
cations would be different polygons. All of the data points that form the perimeter
10
of the polygon must connect to form an unbroken line [6]. Figure 2.3, 2.4 and 2.5
shows the examples of vector data.
LJ
$
Figure 2.3 GIS Points
Figure 2.4 GIS Lines
ZY
Figure 2.5 GIS Polygons
11
2.2.2.2 Raster Data
Raster data represent features as a matrix of cells within rows and columns in
COntU1UOU S
space. These cells are formed by pixels of a specific dimension size, and
can be described as either cell-based or image-based data.
An example of raster data is a scanned image or photograph. A line drawn in
a raster format must be defined by a group of pixels along the length of the line. As
a result the size of a raster file is larger than that required by a vector file [6].
Cell - Based Data
Each raster data layer represents one attribute. Most analyses combine these
layers to create new layers with new cell values, as either continuous or
discrete data. Continuous data types have gradations, such as temperature or
elevation. Discrete data types have clearly delineated boundaries, such as a
city boundary or specific vegetation type.
The cell size used for a raster layer affects the results of the analysis and how
the map looks. Using too large a cell size is causes some information to be
lost. Using too small a cell size will significantly increase the storage space
and processing time required, without adding precision to the map. To create
an effective cell size, base the cells on map scale and on the minimum
mapping unit of the other GIS data. Refer to Figure 2.6.
12
Figure 2.6 Cell - based raster data
ii
Image - Based Data
Image data ranges from satellite images and aerial photographs, to scanned
maps that have been converted from printed to digital format. Refer to Figure
2.7.
Figure 2.7 Image - based raster data