{
&' % $!" #
" FIGGZG FZCI
\KNBKXGS FEGCT OG[KKC OKZD\B
\GKGET \SSGCP
QHGZ QGZFB
Evidence-Based) \GKGET \SSGCP FYKJYZVN \GTP[P \GYKRTPF EGSKF \GIRF FGG\P FH ZPBP
,\ZYGCP K\NC FZCTF :FPG[KK \B OKZD\BPF OKNG[MPC QEG ,FC \GMPG\G (Practice ± EBP
Z[B \GKDGNGPJSKVBC FMKP\ ,K[KB QGKSKR KV NT (\GYKJSKZGK) \GJNIF \NCY KMZEC [GPK[
FTGCJF FPNKEFG ,\KNBKXGS FEGCTN \ZDSPM \GKGETF \SSGCP FYKJYZVF \B \GNCYP QRKB
,QGZIBF NG[MPC \GEYP\F LG\ .\GKZKVPB \GNNMF N[ (KRJZV) KVZDGBKEKBF OG[KKF OXTC
\SSGCP FYKJYZV N[ FPG[KK NT OKNG[MPF \TV[F OGXPXN OKKZ[VB OKTXPB OKBCGP
.\GKGET
KEK NTG TGXYPF K[RB KEKC NGY[ [GPK[ \GTXPBC \GKGET \SSGCP FYKJYZV O[KKN Z[VB
:OKBCF OKCKMZPF N[ CGNK[
;\RRMG\PG \K\JK[ FYKJYZV N[ \K\MZTFG \K\ZGYKC \ZDSP}{
;QFC OKPGNDF \KZKVPB OKMP\RF OKNGVKJFG ,\GCZT\FN FEGCT \GKIRF}{
.EKIK FZYPN ZYIP KMZTPP OKYVGPF OKMKNFG \GRGZYT}{
\SSGCP OD BKF[ ,\RRMG\PG \K\JK[ FYKJYZVP YNIM \GCZT\FN FEGCT \GKIRFC [GPK[F
\GMP\R \GKGCZT\F OG[KKN (LZE \VP ,FISGR) O\KZGDNB \GTXPBC GBK[N TKDPG LP\R ,\GKGET
F[TR ZCEF .EKIKF IGYNN Q\PB\F \EKP KCDN \GBEGGF ZSGI \B QGC[IC IYGN Z[B ,\KZKVPB
N[ \KCZP^ FD[F Z[VBPF (FR[RG ZHGI) KCKSZGYZ FMZTF-OG[KK-FPB\F LKNF\ \GTXPBC
.TGXYPF \BZGF NTG ZYIPF NT \GMN[F \GG\GP QGKEF OGKSC .FKGXZF FBXG\F
,\KZKVPB OKSSGCP OKNGVKJ ,FEGCT \GKIRF ,(EBP) \GKGET \SSGCP FYKJYZV :I\VP \GNKP
OG[KK
!Society for Social Work and Research, SSWR 49
" $ (" $ ( $ !Evidence based practice ± EBP !Evidence-based Medicine Working Group, 1992
Addis, 2002; Drake et al., 2001; !Gambrill, 1999; Gibbs & Gambrill, 2002
) Proctor & Rosen, 2008; Rosen & Proctor, !2003a
*
!Tanenbaum, 1999 * $ Mullen, Bellamy, & Bledsoe, 2005; Mullen, Bellamy, Bledsoe, & Francois,
* !2007
) ) !Rosen, 1994; Rosen, Proctor, Morrow-Howell, & Staudt, 1995 ( !Rosen, 1983, 1996 !Wakefield & Kirk, 1996 !Kagle & Cowger, 1984; Karger, 1983 + EBP 50
* \KTGXYP \KNBKXGS FEGCT N[ EGSK \GIRF
NVGJPF N[ \KNPKJVGBF G\IGGZN \GCKGIP
* OKMZT \\\[GP FYKJYZV
!Popple, 1992 !Jayaratne, Croxton, & Mattison, 2002; Loewenberg & Dolgoff, 1992 OKETK \KIRGP \KJPDZV FYKJYZV
) ) , ( !Rosen & Connaway, 1969, p. 89 , 51
QGC[IG QKE \CKGIP \KNBKXGS FEGCT
!accountability
$ ! ! *
! * !Newman, 2000; Newman & Tejeda, 1996 $ \G\MPSBG \GKGET N[ OKKTEP OKJZERJSC FEKPTN \GCKKI\F
!Witkin, 1991 !Witkin & Harrison, 2001
* ,
Berlin & Marsh, , !1993, p. 15
) ) {
52
Cheatham, 1987; Fischer, 1993; Kirk & Penka, 1992; Richey, Blythe, & Berlin, 1987; Rosen,
!1994; Rosen, et al., 1995
Fortune, 1999; Fortune & Proctor, 2001; Fraser, !2003; Rosen, Proctor, & Staudt, 1999;
Gambrill, 2000; Gibbs & Gambrill, 1999; Howard & Jenson, 1999; Rosen &
!Proctor, 2003b; Schilling, 1997
\GKGET \SSGCP FYKJYZVC [GPK[ OKCMTPF OKPZGD
$ ( ( (
( !Rosen, 1983 )
)
)
)
)
53
$
"
( (
'
$ * *
) ) OGK-OGKF \GKGGI QKCN \KNBKXGS FEGCTC OKKTGXYP OKRM\ QKC QGKPEF}}.1
) * !
*
! * # * !Reber, 1993; Rosen, 1996 54
Dawes, 2001; Gilovich, !1991; Lilienfeld, 2002; Reber, 1993; Smith & Dumont, 1997
) heuristics ) ! ! !satisficing Gigerenzer & Goldstein, 1996; Kahneman, Slovic, & Tversky, !1982; Stanovich & West, 1999
Shafir & LeBoeuf, * , !2002
!p. 493 ,
, !Lilienfeld, 2002, p.186 , Rosen, 1994; !Zeira & Rosen, 2000
!Gambrill, 1999; Rosen, 1994; Rosen et al., 1995
!Osmo & Rosen, 2002 !confirmatory bias
!Van de Luitgaarden, 2009 55
# !Rosen, 1993, 1996 KTGXYP TEK KCDN \GEPT}}.2
Bloom, 1975; Bloom & Fischer, 1982; Briar, 1980; Fischer, 1981; !Kadushin, 1959
,
, !Karger, 1983 Davis, 1985; Gergen, 1985; Heineman, 1981; Karger, 1983; Kondrat, 1992; Peile, 1988; Rodwell, 1998;
!Witkin, 1991
,, 56
!, , , ,
$ * !Tyson, 1995, p. 97 * \KSKSC FPNKE :\GKZKVPB \GNNMF N[ (KRJZV) KVZDGBKEKB OG[KK}}.3
!Rosen, 1978; Rosen et al., 1999
, ,
* * * !
!Rosen, 1983; 1996 ! 57
! $ ! * $ ! X !X !Tanenbaum, 1999 ! ! * !Rosen, 1994 !Rosen, 1994; Rosen et al., 1995 !Rosen, 1992, 1993 " ! .&- ! - !.&- 58
ZD\BF OT \GEEGP\F
$ # (
* (
!Empirically Supported Treatments ± EST's ( !Addis, 2002; Proctor & Rosen, 2003b !Addis & Krasnow, 2000; Mullen & Bacon, 2003 ! $
( "
(
'
* * Stricker & !practice wisdom
(!Trierweiler, 1995; Zeira & Rosen, 2000
59
* %
! ! Systematic Planned $ !Single System Designs ± SSD !Practice ± SPP
!Practice Guidelines for Intervention ± PGI " PGI SSD SPP (SPP) \RRMG\PG \K\JK[ FYKJYZV
Dawes, 2001; Gigerenzer & !Goldstein, 1996; Gilovitz, 1991; Lilienfeld, 2002; Shafir & LeBoeuf, 2002
, , ) ! !Epstein, 1994; Sloman, 1996 !Lilienfeld, 2002 !Shafir & LeBoeuf, 2002 * , 60
61
PTZL PYZF KIKE
PBVKKRK DSS )ngiseD smetsyS elgniS(
3. PGCFYe\ YNKRK\ GSJJKSJK\
2. PTZL FTZMF NDCK F[D\ F\GXBF
1. TYZGRG\ GJMRKYG\ PEKEF
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\Z[KO 1: PG[DKO PZMHKKO NKK[GO VZYJKYF PCGSS\ TEGKG\:
TCGEF [KJ\K\ GP\GMRR\
PBVKKRK PPS )ecitcarP dennalP citametsyS(
GPRGPYG\ NDCK:
\FNKL [KJ\K GP\GMRQ [N FINJG\ CZGZG\, Y[GZG\ HG NHG
erehw ,nehw ,tahw ,esohw )PK, PF, P\K, FKMQ(.
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CIKZ\ FF\TZCG\ FP\BKPF CKG\Z NNYGI
3. VKZGJ F\RBKO FP[VKTKO TN PGTKNG\ FF\TZCGKG\ FINGVKG\ CPTZL, MEK NBV[Z B\
2. PTZMK F\TZCGKG\ INGVKG\, [R\PMG BPVKZK\ GY[GZG\ N\GXBG\
1. SKGGD [N \GXBG\ GKTEK JKVGN NBK\GZ FF\TZCGKG\ FZNGGRJKG\ GFVTN\Q
/ ,
!
!Smith & Dumont, 1997 / !%
!SPP # Rosen, 1992, 1993; Rosen, Proctor, !Morrow-Howell, Auslander, & Staudt, 1993
* SPP ! ,
!Rosen, Proctor, & Livne, 1985, p. 171 , ! # ! ( Rosen, ! !1992
* ! !
! !
62
! !
!Rosen, 1992
(SSD) FMZTFG EKIK FZYP LZTP
!SSD Bloom, Fischer, & Orme, !1999
* ! # $ ( Fischer & Corcoran, * (!1994
! !continuous scales ) !B-A !A-B ( *
63
"
'
%
(PGI) \GCZT\FN FEGCT \GKIRF
(
# Empirically Supported Proctor !Treatments, EST's
& Rosen, 2003a; Proctor & Rosen, 2004; Rosen & Proctor, 2003a; Rosen,
!Proctor, & Staudt, 2003
$!Proctor & Rosen, 2003a
\GCZT\F KETKG \GCZT\F \GBXG\ DGGKS "
64
$ !
!Proctor, Rosen, & Rhee, 2002 !
% !Proctor et al., 2002; Rosen et al., 2003 \GKVGNI \GKGCZT\F N[ \GXGCY !Chambless & Hollon, 1998 ! Rubin & !Parrish, 2007
!EST's ( , , !McNeill, 2006
65
\GCKSRNG IGYNF KMZGXN Z\GKC FPKB\PF \GCZT\FF \ZKIC '
*
!
* ! * !
O\KZGDNB IG\KV \BZYN { \GBEG ZSGI KBR\C OG[KK %
!
! ! 1 * !Stricker & Trierweiler, 1995 !Rosen, 1992 66
!Lambert, Hansen, & Finch, 2001
Proctor & Rosen, !2003a
!Stiles et al., 2003 Practice Research Network ± PRN ) OGMKS
# Proctor & Rosen, 2003b; !Rosen et al., 2003
!Fraser, 2003 67
* !EBP
* !PGI *
!Proctor & Rosen, 2003b # !Rosen et al., 2003 * Howard, McMillan, & Pollio, 2003; !Rubin & Parrish, 2007
* 68
* * !Rosen, 1996; Rosen et al., 1999 \GZGYP
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