A Bit About Us
Welcome to Texas!
When the former Austin, Texas-based DVC Company joined the Thorlabs family in 2011 as Thorlabs
Scientific Imaging (TSI), a couple of longtime Thorlabs employees, including Ralph Savioli, an electrical
engineer, made the move to Austin.
Ralph reports back, “Texans take the matter of state pride to
extremes, so much so that you genuinely feel like you’re in a
different country.” This is especially striking in Austin, where
vibrant technology industries, entertainment venues, and academic
institutions combine with the fierce Texas pride to form a truly
unique environment to live and work.
Consequently, Ralph got the idea to provide a Texas identity to the
TSI products by creating a unique version of Thorlabs’ Face Value
dog mascot that would appear on TSI documentation. Within their
version, the dog sits on a burnt-orange map of Texas. Burnt orange
is the predominant color of the University of Texas (UT), located
in Austin. “You can’t go anywhere in Austin without encountering
at least one person wearing an orange UT shirt—with Longhorns
of course,” Ralph says, adding, “and these aren’t students; these are
regular Austinites!”
Thorlabs Scientific Imaging
added some Texas flair to the
Face Value Dog Mascot
The TSI team’s devotion to their new mascot was obvious when
Cindy, the wife of TSI’s general manager and a pastry chef, created
an edible version to top a cake celebrating the team’s first release
of a new scientific camera. Releasing a new camera is a major
accomplishment for everyone on the team, and so a small celebration
was definitely appreciated!
Since that first party with the Face Value cake, TSI has taken to
celebrating each new product release with lunch at one of Austin’s
famous barbeque joints. As Ralph concludes, “Nothing compares
with genuine Texas slow-cooked, smoked barbeque beef brisket,
smoked sausage, coleslaw, ‘tater salad, and white bread!”
To celebrate their first product release, the Texas-based team
enjoyed an edible version of Thorlabs’ Face Value Dog.
The Thorlabs Scientific Imaging Team
in front of their Austin, Texas facility,
which once served as the set for the
movie Office Space.
306
Scientific Cameras
Selection Guide
CCD Cameras Overview
Compact CCD Cameras
Pages 308 - 311
Pages 320 - 321
1.4 MP CCD Cameras
Custom Cameras
Pages 312 - 313
Page 322
4 MP CCD Cameras
ThorCam Software
Pages 314 - 315
Pages 323 - 325
8 MP CCD Cameras
Camera Noise Tutorial
Pages 316 - 317
Pages 326 - 327
Fast CCD Cameras
Pages 318 - 319
307
Scientific Cameras
CCD Cameras
Overview
Low-Noise Scientific-Grade Cameras: Overview
1.4 MP
CCD Cameras
Features
4 MP
CCD Cameras
n 4
8 MP
CCD Cameras
Fast
CCD Cameras
Compact
CCD Cameras
Custom
Cameras
1500M-CL-TE
1.4 Megapixel
CCD Camera
ThorCam
Software
Camera Noise
Tutorial
Thorlabs’ Monochrome Scientific CCD Cameras
are based on high quantum efficiency, lownoise CCD imagers, which make them ideal for
multispectral imaging, fluorescence microscopy,
and other high-performance imaging techniques.
Both non-cooled and cooled versions are available.
Versions Available
• 1.4 Megapixel (See Page 312)
• 4 Megapixel (See Page 314)
• 8 Megapixel (See Page 316)
• 200 fps Fast Frame Rate (See Page 318)
n Software-Selectable 20 MHz or 40 MHz Readout
n 12-Bit (1.4 Megapixel Cameras) or 14-Bit
Analog-to-Digital Converter Resolution
n Low Read Noise at 20 MHz Readout
• <10 e- (1.4, 4, and 8 Megapixel Cameras)
• <15 e- (Fast Frame Rate Cameras)
n Streaming, Triggered, and Gated
Exposure Modes
n ThorCam Software GUI
n Third-Party Software Support Including
LabVIEW, MATLAB, µManager / ImageJ,
and Metamorph
n All Necessary Computer Hardware, Software,
and Cables Included
n Supported by Full-Featured API/SDK
n Optional Hermetically Sealed Fanless TE-Cooling
(Vibration Free) n Robust Design with Small Form Factor
Our scientific cameras have three operating modes:
streaming overlapped exposure, edge-triggered
single-frame snapshot, and variable pulse width
exposure. Each mode may be operated at either
20 MHz or 40 MHz and can support variable
binning and region-of-interest (ROI) operation.
Binning allows an application to achieve higher
frame rates and signal to noise at lower spatial
resolution. An auxiliary I/O connector enables easy
integration into systems that require the camera to be triggered by external devices or that require external
devices to be triggered by the camera. We offer auxiliary cables as an optional accessory.
Images Taken with Thorlabs’ Scientific-Grade Cameras
Image of Blood Vessels in the Eye for
Ophthalmology
Merged Triple Emission Fluorescence Microscopy
Image
Fluorescence Image of a Rat Neuron Acquired Using
One of Our 1.4 Megapixel Cameras
308
More image samples can be
found on Thorlabs’ website
Scientific Cameras
CCD Cameras
Overview
Low-Noise Scientific-Grade Cameras: Overview
Higher Pixel Count/Larger FOV
CAMERA TYPE
8 MEGAPIXEL
4 MEGAPIXEL
1.4 MEGAPIXEL
FAST FRAME RATE
3296 x 2472
2048 x 2048
1392 x 1040
640 x 480
17.1 fps
25.8 fps
23 fps
200.7 fps
Large FOV Slide Imaging
Histopathology
Inspection
Multispectral Imaging
Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
Fluorescence Microscopy
Transmitted Light Microscopy
Whole-Slide Microscopy
Electron Microscopy (TEM/SEM)
Inspection
Material Sciences
Fluorescence Microscopy
VIS/NIR Imaging
Quantum Dots
Multispectral Imaging
Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
Retinal Imaging
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH)
Ca++ Ion Imaging
Particle Tracking
Flow Cytometry
SEM/EBSD
UV Inspection
Active Pixels
Max Frame Rate
(Full Sensor)
Typical
Applications
Higher Speed
Package
Our cameras are offered in two package styles:
a compact, non-cooled standard package and
a hermetically sealed package with a two-stage
TEC that cools the CCD in a moisture-purged
environment to prevent condensation on optical
surfaces. The fan-free design of our cooled cameras
eliminates a source of image-blurring vibrations.
1.81"
(46 mm)
Under imaging conditions that require short exposure
times (less than 1 second), a non-cooled camera is
generally sufficient. A cooled camera can be beneficial
for applications with low light levels requiring long
exposures (typically greater than 1 second). A tutorial
with a more detailed discussion of noise sources can
be found on pages 326 - 327.
3.25"
(82.6 mm)
0.315"
(8 mm)
1.63"
(41.3 mm)
3.25"
(82.6 mm)
C-Mount
(1.000"-32)
(Back Focus
Adjustable)
4-40 Tap for
60 mm Cage
System (4 Places)
3.90"
(99.1 mm)
2.65"
(67.2 mm)
1.17"
(29.7 mm)
8 MP
CCD Cameras
Fast
CCD Cameras
Compact
CCD Cameras
Custom
Cameras
ThorCam
Software
Camera Noise
Tutorial
TDI Microscope
System
◆ High-Speed Scanning of
Whole Slides: Image
10 mm x 10 mm at
15X in 35 Seconds
◆ Exposures from 5 ms to
200 ms Suitable
for Brightfield and
Fluorescence Microscopy
◆ Compatible with All
Thorlabs’ Scientific CCD
Cameras
2.36"
(60 mm)
Non-Cooled
Camera
4 MP
CCD Cameras
Have you
seen our...
2.36"
(60 mm)
1/4"-20 Tapped
Hole (4 Places)
1.4 MP
CCD Cameras
2.36"
(60 mm)
1.95"
(49.5 mm)
3.90"
(99.1 mm)
2.36"
(60 mm)
C-Mount
(1.000"-32)
(Back Focus
Adjustable)
1/4"-20 Tapped
Hole (4 Places)
Hermetically Sealed
Cooled Camera
4-40 Tap for
60 mm Cage
System (4 Places)
See Pages 116 - 123
309
Scientific Cameras
CCD Cameras
Overview
Low-Noise Scientific-Grade Cameras: Overview
1.4 MP
CCD Cameras
Mounting
4 MP
CCD Cameras
8 MP
CCD Cameras
Fast
CCD Cameras
Compact
CCD Cameras
Custom
Cameras
ThorCam
Software
All of our scientific-grade cameras feature standard
C-Mount (1.000"-32) threading. Thorlabs provides a
full line of thread-to-thread adapters for compatibility
with other thread standards, including the SM1
(1.035"-40) threading used on our Ø1" Lens
Tubes. The front face also has 4-40 tapped holes for
compatibility with our 60 mm Cage System.
Four 1/4"-20 tapped holes, one on each side of the
housing, are compatible with our Ø1" posts. These
flexible mounting options make Thorlabs’ scientific
cameras the ideal choice for integrating into a variety
of commercial microscopes, as well as custom "homebuilt" imaging systems.
Two 1500M-GE Scientific Cameras shown mounted on
a Cerna Microscope (see pages 36 - 49). The dual port
allows both cameras to be used simultaneously, with one
camera for fluorescence imaging and the second camera
for IR-DIC.
Camera Noise
Tutorial
IR Blocking Filter
Each scientific camera (except the UV versions) comes with an IR
blocking filter. It can be removed from the camera by following
the instructions provided in the manual. Alternatively, a Ø25 mm
filter of your choice can be inserted in place of the IR-blocking
filter to optimize the spectral response for your application.
IR Blocking Filter Transmission
100
Transmission (%)
80
60
IR Filter in
Retaining Ring
40
C-Mount
20
0
400
500
600
700
800
Wavelength (nm)
310
900
1000
1100
The IR filter is mounted in the
camera’s C-mount. It can be
removed and replaced by another
Ø25 mm filter of your choice.
Camera Cap
Doubles as a Filter
Removal Tool
Scientific Cameras
Low-Noise Scientific-Grade Cameras: Overview
CCD Cameras
Overview
Computer Interface
1.4 MP
CCD Cameras
Thorlabs’ scientific cameras have either a
Gigabit Ethernet (GigE) or a Camera Link
interface. GigE is ideal for situations
where the camera must be far from
the PC or there are multiple cameras
that need to be controlled by the
same PC. Each camera is provided
with either a GigE or Camera Link
frame grabber card and cables, a
power supply, and software.
4 MP
CCD Cameras
8 MP
CCD Cameras
Fast
CCD Cameras
Compact
CCD Cameras
Custom
Cameras
1500M-GE-TE
1500M-CL
Gig E Interface
Camera Link Interface
ThorCam
Software
Camera Noise
Tutorial
Software: ThorCamTM
ThorCam is a powerful image acquisition software package that is designed for use with our scientific cameras
on 32- and 64-bit Windows® 7 systems. This easy-to-use graphical interface communicates with the camera
to provide system control, image acquisition, and play back. Single-image capture and image sequences are
supported.
Software: 3rd Party Applications
Application programming interfaces (APIs) and a software development kit (SDK) are also included for the
development of custom applications by OEMs and developers. Also included is support for third-party software
packages such as LabVIEW, MATLAB, and µManager / ImageJ. Both 32- and 64-bit versions of LabVIEW
and MATLAB are supported.
Screenshot Showing the ThorCam Software GUI
311
Scientific Cameras
CCD Cameras
Overview
Scientific Cameras: 1.4 Megapixel CCD
1.4 MP
CCD Cameras
Applications
4 MP
CCD Cameras
n Fluorescence
Microscopy
n Transmitted Light Microscopy
n Whole-Slide Imaging
n NIR Imaging
8 MP
CCD Cameras
Fast
CCD Cameras
Compact
CCD Cameras
Features
n 1392 x 1040 Monochrome CCD Sensor with
6.45 µm Square Pixels (Sony ICX285AL)
n Up to 23 Frames per Second for Full Sensor
n 60% Quantum Efficiency at 500 nm
n Low Noise of <10 e- at 20 MHz
Custom
Cameras
ThorCam
Software
Camera Noise
Tutorial
1500M-CL-TE
1.4 Megapixel CCD Camera with
Camera Link Interface
Typical Dark Current
The table below shows the nominal dark current
values at several temperatures for the Sony
ICX285AL CCD sensor. See pages 326 - 327 for
an explanation of how dark current affects noise.
312
TEMPERATURE
DARK CURRENT (ID)
-20 ˚C
0.1 e-/(s*pixel)
0 ˚C
1 e-/(s*pixel)
25 ˚C
5 e-/s(*pixel)
Example Frame Rates at 1 ms Exposure Time
CCD SIZE AND BINNINGa
20 MHZ
40 MHZ
Full Sensor (1392 x 1040)
12 fps
23 fps
Full Sensor, Bin by 2 (696 x 520)
23 fps
41 fps
Full Sensor, Bin by 10 (139 x 104)
77 fps
112 fps
aCamera
Frame Rate is Impacted by the Vertical Hardware Binning Parameter
Quantum Efficiency
For NIR imaging applications, the quantum
efficiency (QE) response curve shown below indicates
a peak of 60% at 500 nm, making our 1.4 megapixel
CCD camera a good choice for imaging most of the
popular fluorophores used in fluorescence microscopy
for the life sciences. The NIR Enhanced (Boost)
Mode can be selected via the software. The IR
blocking filter should also be removed for applications
requiring maximum NIR sensitivity.
Quantum Efficiency (%)
Thorlabs’ 1.4 Megapixel Scientific CCD cameras
are ideal for fluorescence imaging, transmitted
light microscopy, confocal microscopy, and NIR
applications. The cameras are available with either
a Gigabit Ethernet or Camera Link interface.
Hermetically sealed, cooled versions are offered for
low light applications, where long exposures may be
required. For help deciding between a cooled and a
non-cooled camera, see pages 326 - 327.
A complete overview of the features common to all of
our scientific-grade CCD cameras can be found in the
camera overview on pages 308 - 311. The information
below describes the performance of our 1.4 megapixel
cameras. We also offer models with 4 megapixel (see
pages 314 - 315), 8 megapixel (see pages 316 - 317), or
200 frames per second (see pages 318 - 319) imagers.
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1.4 Megapixel Cameras
Standard Mode
NIR Enhanced
(Boost) Mode
250
350
450
550
650
750
Wavelength (nm)
850
950
1050
Scientific Cameras
CCD Cameras
Overview
Scientific Cameras: 1.4 Megapixel CCD
1.4 MP
CCD Cameras
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
Max Frame Rate (Full Sensor)
23 fps (with 40 MHz Readout)
Number of Taps
Sensor Type
Sony ICX285AL Monochrome CCD (Grade O)
Number of Active Pixels
6.45 µm x 6.45 µm
Optical Format
60% at 500 nm
Compact
CCD Cameras
0 to 1000 s in 1 ms Incrementsa
Exposure Time
CCD Pixel Clock Speed
20 MHz or 40 MHz
Resolution
Custom
Cameras
12 Bits
ADCb Gain
0 to 1023 Steps (0.036 dB/Step)
ThorCam
Software
0 to 1023 Steps (0.25 ADU/Step)c
Optical Black Clamp
Vertical Hardware Binningd
Continuous Integer Values from 1 to 24
Binningd
Camera Noise
Tutorial
Continuous Integer Values from 1 to 24
Region of Interest
Read
Fast
CCD Cameras
2/3" Format (11 mm Diagonal)
Peak Quantum Efficiency
Horizontal Software
8 MP
CCD Cameras
1392 x 1040 (Horizontal x Vertical)
Pixel Size
ADCb
4 MP
CCD Cameras
Single
1 x 1 Pixel to 1392 x 1040 Pixels, Rectangular
Noisee
Thorlabs Scientific
Camera Integrated
into a Home-Built
Microscope Using
Our SM1 Lens Tubes
and 30 mm Cage
Components
<10 e- at 20 MHz
Lens Mount
C-Mount (1.000"-32)
aThe
actual exposure time is a calculated value dependent on the operating mode
and is the closest achievable value to the desired exposure time.
bAnalog-to-Digital Converter
cADU = Analog to Digital Unit
dCamera Frame Rate is Impacted by the Vertical Hardware Binning Parameter
eIf your application is read-noise limited, we recommend using the lower CCD pixel clock speed of 20 MHz.
For more information about read noise, and for examples of how to estimate the limiting factor of total
camera noise, please see pages 326 – 327.
ITEM #
DIGITAL OUTPUT
1500M-GE
1500M-CL
12 Bits
1500M-GE-TE
HOST PC INTERFACE
PACKAGE
COOLING
Gigabit Ethernet
Standard
None
Camera Link
Gigabit Ethernet
Hermetically Sealed,
-20 °C at Ambient
Cooled
Room Temperature
Camera Link
1500M-CL-TE
$
PRICE
5,100.00
$
7,000.00
$
8,100.00
$ 10,000.00
Optional Accessories
These optional accessories are designed for the auxiliary port of our 1.4 megapixel scientific cameras. Consider
purchasing these items when it is necessary to externally trigger the camera or to monitor camera performance
with an oscilloscope.
Auxiliary I/O Cable (1500-CAB1)
1500-CAB1
The 1500-CAB1 is a 10' (3 m) long cable that mates with the
auxiliary connector on our 1.4 megapixel CCD cameras featured
above and provides the ability to externally trigger the camera as well
as to monitor status output signals. Both ends of the cable feature a
male 6-pin Mini Din connector.
Interconnect Break-Out Board (TSI-IOBOB)
The TSI-IOBOB is designed to "break out" the 6-pin Mini Din auxiliary
connector found on our scientific CCD cameras into five SMA connectors.
The SMA connectors can then be connected using SMA cables to other devices
to provide a trigger input to the camera or to monitor camera performance.
ITEM #
1500-CAB1
$
PRICE
30.00
TSI-IOBOB
$
45.00
TSI-IOBOB
DESCRIPTION
I/O Cable with Ferrite Core for 1.4 Megapixel Scientific CCD Cameras
I/O Break-Out Board for Scientific CCD Cameras
313
Scientific Cameras
CCD Cameras
Overview
Scientific Cameras: 4 Megapixel CCD
1.4 MP
CCD Cameras
Applications
n Fluorescence
Microscopy
n Transmitted Light Microscopy
4 MP
CCD Cameras
8 MP
CCD Cameras
Features
Fast
CCD Cameras
n 4/3"
Compact
CCD Cameras
Custom
Cameras
ThorCam
Software
Camera Noise
Tutorial
4070M-CL
4 Megapixel CCD Camera
with Camera Link Interface
Format, 2048 x 2048 Monochrome
CCD Sensor with 7.4 µm Square Pixels
(Kodak/Truesense KAI-04070M CCD)
n Up to 25.8 Frames per Second for Full Sensor
n 50% Quantum Efficiency at 500 nm
n Low Noise of <10 e- at 20 MHz
n Software Selectable Single-, Dual-, or
Quad-Tap Readout at 20 or 40 MHz
Example Frame Rates at 1 ms Exposure Time
SINGLE TAP
CCD SIZE AND BINNINGa
QUAD TAPb
DUAL TAP
20 MHZ
40 MHZ
20 MHZ
40 MHz
20 MHZ
40 MHZ
4.1 fps
7.7 fps
7.4 fps
13 fps
14.8 fps
25.8 fps
Full Sensor, Bin by 2 (1024 x 1024)
7.5 fps
13.1 fps
12.8 fps
20.5 fps
25.3 fps
40.6 fps
Full Sensor, Bin by 10 (204 x 204)
21.6 fps
30.5 fps
30.0 fps
38.1 fps
58.8 fps
75.1 fps
Full Sensor (2048 x 2048)
aCamera Frame Rate is Impacted by
bFor Camera Link Versions Only
the Vertical Hardware Binning Parameter
Quantum Efficiency (%)
Thorlabs’ 4 Megapixel Scientific CCD Cameras are ideal for fluorescence
imaging and transmitted light microscopy. The cameras are available with
either a Gigabit Ethernet or Camera Link interface. Hermetically sealed,
cooled versions are offered for low light applications, where long exposures
may be required. For help deciding between a cooled and a non-cooled
camera, see pages 326 - 327.
A complete overview of the features common to all of our scientific-grade
CCD cameras can be found in the camera overview on pages 308 - 311. The
information below describes the performance of our 4 megapixel cameras. We
also offer models with 1.4 megapixel (see pages 312- 313), 8 megapixel (see
pages 316 - 317), or 200 frames per second (see pages 318 - 319) imagers.
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
350
4 Megapixel Cameras
450
550
650
750
850
Wavelength (nm)
314
950
1050
1150
Scientific CCD
Camera Mounted
on a UserConfigured Cerna
Microscope with
Custom Underside
Illumination
Scientific Cameras
Scientific Cameras: 4 Megapixel CCD
CAMERA INTERFACE
GIGABIT ETHERNET
CAMERA LINK
13 fps (at 40 MHz
Dual-Tap Readout)
25.8 fps (at 40 MHz
Quad-Tap Readout)
Single, Dual
Single, Dual, Quad
Max Frame Rate (Full Sensor)
Number of Taps (Software Selectable)
Sensor Type
Kodak / Truesense KAI-04070M
Number of Active Pixels
7.4 µm x 7.4 µm
Optical Format
52% at 500 nm
0 to 1000 s in 1 ms Incrementsa
Exposure Time
CCD Pixel Clock Speed
14 Bits (Single Tap) / 12 Bits (Dual Tap)
ADCb Gain
14 Bits
Custom
Cameras
0 to 1023 Steps (0.036 dB/Step)
0 to 1023 Steps (0.25 ADU/Step)c
Optical Black Clamp
Binningd
ThorCam
Software
Continuous Integer Values from 1 to 10
Horizontal Software Binningd
Continuous Integer Values from 1 to 10
Region of Interest
Camera Noise
Tutorial
1 x 1 Pixel to 2048 x 2048 Pixels, Rectangular
Read Noisee
<10 e- at 20 MHz
Lens Mount
C-Mount (1.000"-32)
4 MP
CCD Cameras
Compact
CCD Cameras
20 MHz or 40 MHz
ADCb Resolution
1.4 MP
CCD Cameras
Fast
CCD Cameras
4/3" Format (21.4 mm Diagonal)
Peak Quantum Efficiency
CCD Cameras
Overview
8 MP
CCD Cameras
2048 x 2048 (Horizontal x Vertical)
Pixel Size
Vertical Hardware
Scientific CCD
Camera Mounted on
a Nikon Eclipse Ti
Microscope Integrated
with Thorlabs’
Confocal System
aThe
actual exposure time is a calculated value dependent on the operating mode and is the closest achievable
value to the desired exposure time.
bAnalog-to-Digital Converter
cADU = Analog to Digital Unit
d Camera Frame Rate is Impacted by the Vertical Hardware Binning Parameter
eIf your application is read-noise limited, we recommend using the lower CCD pixel clock speed of 20 MHz.
For more information about read noise, and for examples of how to estimate the limiting factor of total
camera noise, please see pages 326 – 327.
ITEM #
4070M-GE
DIGITAL OUTPUT
14 Bit (Single Tap)/12 Bit (Dual Tap)
14 Bit
PACKAGE
COOLING
14 Bits
Standard
None
Camera Link
4070M-GE-TE
14 Bit (Single Tap)/12 Bit (Dual Tap)
Gigabit Ethernet
Hermetically Sealed,
-10 °C at Ambient
4070M-CL-TE*
14 Bit
4070M-CL*
HOST PC INTERFACE
Gigabit Ethernet
Cooled
Room Temperature
Camera Link
$
PRICE
6,000.00
$
7,550.00
$
9,000.00
$ 10,550.00
*These products are in the final stages of development. Specifications are subject to change.
Optional Accessories
These optional accessories are designed for the auxiliary port of our 4 megapixel scientific cameras. Consider
purchasing these items when it is necessary to externally trigger the camera or to monitor camera performance
with an oscilloscope.
Auxiliary I/O Cable (8050-CAB1)
The 8050-CAB1 is a 10' (3 m) long cable that mates with the auxiliary
connector on our 4 megapixel, 8 megapixel, or fast frame rate CCD
cameras and provides the ability to externally trigger the camera as well
8050-CAB1
as to monitor status output signals. One end of the cable features a male
12-pin connector for connecting to the camera, while the other end has a male 6-pin Mini Din connector for
connecting to external devices. This cable is intended for use with our TSI-IOBOB interconnect break-out
board described below.
Interconnect Break-Out Board (TSI-IOBOB)
The TSI-IOBOB is designed to "break out" the 12-pin Hirose auxiliary connector found on
our 4 megapixel scientific CCD cameras into five SMA connectors. The SMA connectors can
then be connected using SMA cables to other devices to provide a trigger input to the camera
or to monitor camera performance.
ITEM #
8050-CAB1
$
PRICE
70.00
TSI-IOBOB
$
45.00
TSI-IOBOB
DESCRIPTION
I/O Cable for 4 Megapixel, 8 Megapixel, and Fast Frame Rate Scientific CCD Cameras
I/O Break-Out Board for Scientific CCD Cameras
315
Scientific Cameras
CCD Cameras
Overview
Scientific Cameras: 8 Megapixel CCD
1.4 MP
CCD Cameras
Applications
n Fluorescence
8 MP
CCD Cameras
Microscopy
n Transmitted Light Microscopy
n Whole-Slide Microscopy
Fast
CCD Cameras
Features
4 MP
CCD Cameras
n 4/3"
Compact
CCD Cameras
Custom
Cameras
ThorCam
Software
8050M-CL
Camera Noise
Tutorial
8 Megapixel CCD Camera
with Camera Link Interface
Format, 3296 x 2472 Monochrome CCD Sensor
with 5.5 µm Square Pixels (Kodak / Truesense KAI-08050M)
n Software Selectable Single- or Dual-Tap Readout at
20 or 40 MHz (Quad-Tap Also Available on Camera
Link Versions)
n Up to 17.1 Frames per Second for Full Sensor
n 50% Quantum Efficiency at 500 nm
n Low Noise of <10 e- at 20 MHz
Quantum Efficiency (%)
Thorlabs’ 8 Megapixel Scientific CCD
Cameras are ideal for fluorescence
imaging, transmitted light microscopy,
and whole-slide-imaging applications. The Example Frame Rates at 1 ms Exposure Time
SINGLE TAP
DUAL TAP
QUAD TAPb
cameras are available with either a Gigabit
CCD SIZE AND BINNINGa
20 MHZ 40 MHZ 20 MHZ 40 MHZ 20 MHZ 40 MHZ
Ethernet or Camera Link interface.
Full Sensor (3296 x 2472)
2.3 fps
4.5 fps
4.4 fps
8.5 fps
8.8 fps
17.1 fps
Hermetically sealed, cooled versions are
Full Sensor, Bin by 2 (1648 x 1236)
4.4 fps
8.5 fps
8.3 fps
15.7 fps 16.6 fps 31.2 fps
offered for low light applications, where
Full Sensor, Bin by 10 (329 x 247)
17.0 fps 29.9 fps 29.0 fps 47.1 fps 56.8 fps 92.3 fps
long exposures may be required. For help aCamera Frame Rate is Impacted by the Vertical Hardware Binning Parameter
bFor Camera Link Versions Only
deciding between a cooled and a noncooled camera, see pages 326 - 327.
A complete overview of the features
common to all of our scientific-grade
CCD cameras can be found in the
A Scientific CCD Camera Shown
Mounted on a Bergamo II Series
camera overview on pages 308 - 311.
Microscope
The information below describes the
performance of our 8 megapixel cameras.
We also offer models with 1.4 megapixel
(see pages 312 - 313), 4 megapixel
(see pages 314 - 315), or 200 frames per
second (see pages 318 - 319) imagers.
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
8 Megapixel Cameras
350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050 1150
Wavelength (nm)
316
Scientific Cameras
CCD Cameras
Overview
Scientific Cameras: 8 Megapixel CCD
CAMERA INTERFACE
Max Frame Rate (Full Sensor)
GIGABIT ETHERNET
CAMERA LINK
8.5 fps (at 40 MHz Dual-Tap Readout)
17.1 fps (at 40 MHz Quad-Tap Readout)
Single, Dual
Single, Dual, Quad
Number of Taps (Software Selectable)
Sensor Type
3296 x 2472 (Horizontal x Vertical)
Pixel Size
4/3" Format (22 mm Diagonal)
Peak Quantum Efficiency
Fast
CCD Cameras
50% at 500 nm
0 to 1000 s in 1 ms Incrementsa
Exposure Time
CCD Pixel Clock Speed
Compact
CCD Cameras
20 MHz or 40 MHz
Resolution
14 Bits (Single Tap) / 12 Bits (Dual Tap)
ADCb Gain
14 Bits
0 to 1023 Steps (0.036 dB/Step)
Custom
Cameras
0 to 1023 Steps (0.25 ADU/Step)c
Optical Black Clamp
Vertical Hardware Binningd
Continuous Integer Values from 1 to 10
Horizontal Software Binningd
Continuous Integer Values from 1 to 10
Region of Interest
ThorCam
Software
1 x 1 Pixel to 3296 x 2472 Pixels, Rectangular
Read Noisee
Camera Noise
Tutorial
< 10 e- at 20 MHz
Lens Mount
C-Mount (1.000"-32)
aThe
actual exposure time is a calculated value dependent on the operating mode and is the closest
achievable value to the desired exposure time.
bAnalog-to-Digital Converter
cADU = Analog to Digital Unit
ITEM #
8050M-GE
8 MP
CCD Cameras
5.5 µm x 5.5 µm
Optical Format
ADCb
4 MP
CCD Cameras
Kodak / Truesense KAI-08050M
Number of Active Pixels
DIGITAL OUTPUT
14 Bit (Single Tap)/12 Bit (Dual Tap)
8050M-CL*
14 Bit
8050M-GE-TE
14 Bit (Single Tap)/12 Bit (Dual Tap)
8050M-CL-TE*
14 Bit
1.4 MP
CCD Cameras
dCamera Frame Rate is Impacted by the Vertical Hardware Binning Parameter
eIf your application is read-noise limited, we recommend using the lower CCD
pixel clock speed of
20 MHz. For more information about read noise, and for examples of how to estimate the limiting factor of total camera noise, please see pages 326 - 327.
HOST PC INTERFACE
Gigabit Ethernet
PACKAGE
COOLING
14 Bits
None
Standard
Camera Link
-10 °C at Ambient
Gigabit Ethernet
Hermetically Sealed,
Room Temperature
Cooled
Camera Link
$
PRICE
5,950.00
$
7,850.00
$
9,980.00
$ 10,850.00
*These products are in the final stages of development. Specifications are subject to change.
Optional Accessories
These optional accessories are designed for the auxiliary port of our 8 megapixel scientific cameras. Consider
purchasing these items when it is necessary to externally trigger the camera or to monitor camera performance
with an oscilloscope.
Auxiliary I/O Cable (8050-CAB1)
The 8050-CAB1 is a 10' (3 m) long cable that mates with the
auxiliary connector on our 4 megapixel, 8 megapixel, or fast frame
rate CCD cameras and provides the ability to externally trigger
8050-CAB1
the camera as well as to monitor status output signals. One end of
the cable features a male 12-pin connector for connecting to the camera, while the other end has a male 6-pin
Mini Din connector for connecting to external devices. This cable is intended for use with our TSI-IOBOB
interconnect break-out board described below.
Interconnect Break-Out Board (TSI-IOBOB)
TSI-IOBOB
ITEM #
8050-CAB1
$
PRICE
70.00
TSI-IOBOB
$
45.00
The TSI-IOBOB is designed to "break out" the 12-pin Hirose
auxiliary connector found on our 8 megapixel scientific CCD
cameras into five SMA connectors. The SMA connectors can then
be connected using SMA cables to other devices to provide a trigger
input to the camera or to monitor camera performance.
DESCRIPTION
I/O Cable for 4 Megapixel, 8 Megapixel, and Fast Frame Rate Scientific CCD Cameras
I/O Break-Out Board for Scientific CCD Cameras
317
Scientific Cameras
Scientific Cameras: Fast Frame Rate CCD
1.4 MP
CCD Cameras
Applications
n Fluorescence
Microscopy
n Flow Cytometry
nCa2+ Imaging
n UV Imaging
4 MP
CCD Cameras
8 MP
CCD Cameras
Fast
CCD Cameras
Features
Compact
CCD Cameras
n 1
/3"
ThorCam
Software
340M-GE
Camera Noise
Tutorial
VGA Cameras with Gigabit
Ethernet Interface
Example Frame Rates at 1 ms Exposure Time
SINGLE TAP
CCD SIZE AND BINNINGa
DUAL TAP
20 MHZ 40 MHZ 20 MHZ 40 MHZ
Full Sensor (640 x 480)
57.0 fps
112.3 fps 103.3 fps
200.7 fps
Full Sensor, Bin by 2 (320 x 240)
110.1 fps 213.5 fps 196.8 fps
372.4 fps
Full Sensor, Bin by 10 (64 x 48)
429.0 fps 764.7 fps 712.9 fps 1185.4 fps
aCamera
Frame Rate is Impacted by the Vertical Hardware Binning Parameter
Thorlabs’ Fast Frame Rate Scientific CCD Cameras
offer VGA resolution and are ideal for use in Ca2+
imaging, particle tracking, and flow cytometry
applications. Versions of these cameras are also
available with imagers optimized for UV wavelengths,
making them ideal tools for UV imaging. The cameras
can be purchased with either a Gigabit Ethernet or
Camera Link interface.
A complete overview of the features common to all of
our scientific-grade CCD cameras can be found in the
camera overview on pages 308 - 311. The information
below describes the performance of our fast frame rate
cameras. We also offer models with 1.4 megapixel (see
pages 312 - 313), 4 megapixel (see pages 314 - 315),
or 8 megapixel (see pages 316 - 317) imagers.
Format, 640 x 480 (VGA) Monochrome
CCD Sensor with 7.4 µm Square Pixels (Kodak /
Truesense KAI-0340 Monochrome CCD)
n CCD Chips Optimized for Visible or
UV Wavelengths
n Up to 200.7 Frames per Second for Full Sensor
n Peak Quantum Efficiency
• 55% @ 500 nm for Standard Version
• 10% @ 485 nm for UV Enhanced Version
n Low Noise of <15 e- at 20 MHz
n Software Selectable Single- or Dual-Tap
Readout at 20 or 40 MHz
n UV Version Also Available
Quantum Efficiency (%)
CCD Cameras
Overview
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Standard Fast-Frame-Rate Cameras
350
450
550
650
750
850
950
1050
1150
Wavelength (nm)
UV Fast-Frame-Rate Cameras
Back Side of a CCD
Camera with Camera Link
Interface. The two output
taps can be seen near the
top of the housing.
318
Quantum Efficiency (%)
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
250
350
450
550
650
Wavelength (nm)
750
850
950
Scientific Cameras
Scientific Cameras: Fast Frame Rate CCD
CCD Cameras
Overview
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
1.4 MP
CCD Cameras
Max Frame Rate (Full Sensor)
200.7 fps (at 40 MHz Dual-Tap Readout)
Number of Taps (Software Selectable)
4 MP
CCD Cameras
Single, Dual
Sensor Type
Kodak / Truesense KAI-0340
Number of Active Pixels
8 MP
CCD Cameras
640 x 480 (Horizontal x Vertical)
Pixel Size
7.4 µm x 7.4 µm
Optical Format
Fast
CCD Cameras
1/3" Format (5.92 mm Diagonal)
Peak Quantum Efficiency
Standard: 55% at 500 nm; UV Enhanced: 10% at 485 nm
Compact
CCD Cameras
0 to 1000 s in 1 ms Incrementsa
Exposure Time
CCD Pixel Clock Speed
20 MHz or 40 MHz
ADCb Resolution
ThorCam
Software
Gigabit Ethernet: 14 Bits (Single Tap) / 12 Bits (Dual Tap); Camera Link: 14 Bits
ADCb Gain
0 to 1023 Steps (0.036 dB/Step)
Camera Noise
Tutorial
0 to 1023 Steps (0.25 ADU/Step)c
Optical Black Clamp
Vertical Hardware Binningd
Continuous Integer Values from 1 to 24
Horizontal Software Binningd
Continuous Integer Values from 1 to 24
Region of Interest
1 x 1 Pixel to 640 x 480 Pixels, Rectangular
Read Noisee
<15 e- at 20 MHz
Lens Mount
C-Mount (1.000"-32)
a
d Camera Frame Rate is Impacted by the Vertical Hardware Binning Parameter
e If your application is read-noise limited, we recommend using the lower CCD
Exposure time is a calculated value dependent on the operating mode and is the closest achievable
value to the desired exposure time.
b Analog-to-Digital Converter
c ADU = Analog to Digital
pixel clock speed of
20 MHz. For more information about read noise, and for examples of how to estimate the limiting
factor of total camera noise, please see pages 326 - 327.
ITEM #
SENSOR
340M-GE
Standard
340M-CL*
DIGITAL OUTPUT
14 Bit (Single Tap)/12 Bit (Dual Tap)
HOST PC INTERFACE
PACKAGE
COOLING
Gigabit Ethernet
PRICE
$ 4,400.00
14 Bit
340UV-GE
UV Enhanced
Enhanced
UV
340UV-CL*
14 Bit (Single Tap)/12 Bit (Dual Tap)
Camera Link
Standard
None
Gigabit Ethernet
$ 4,600.00
14 Bit
Camera Link
$ 6,300.00
$ 6,500.00
*These products are in the final stages of development. Specifications are subject to change.
Optional Accessories
These optional accessories are designed for the auxiliary port of our fast frame rate scientific cameras. Consider
purchasing these items when it is necessary to externally trigger the camera or to monitor camera performance
with an oscilloscope.
Auxiliary I/O Cable (8050-CAB1)
The 8050-CAB1 is a 10' (3 m) long cable that mates with the
auxiliary connector on our 4 megapixel, 8 megapixel, or fast frame
rate CCD cameras and provides the ability to externally trigger the
8050-CAB1
camera as well as to monitor status output signals. One end of the
cable features a male 12-pin connector for connecting to the camera, while the other end has a male 6-pin Mini
Din connector for connecting to external devices. This cable is ideal for use with our TSI-IOBOB interconnect
break-out board described below.
Interconnect Break-Out Board (TSI-IOBOB)
TSI-IOBOB
ITEM #
8050-CAB1
$
PRICE
70.00
TSI-IOBOB
$
45.00
The TSI-IOBOB is designed to "break out" the 12-pin Mini Din
auxiliary connector found on our fast-frame-rate scientific CCD
cameras into five SMA connectors. The SMA connectors can then
be connected using SMA cables to other devices to provide a trigger
input to the camera or to monitor camera performance.
DESCRIPTION
I/O Cable for 4 Megapixel, 8 Megapixel, and Fast Frame Rate Scientific CCD Cameras
I/O Break-Out Board for Scientific CCD Cameras
319
Scientific Cameras
CCD Cameras
Overview
High Resolution CCD Camera with External Trigger
Thorlabs offers this ultra compact, lightweight monochrome CCD camera as a costeffective solution for microscopy applications requiring more than one camera.
For example, multiple cameras can be integrated into a Cerna microscope
(see pages 36 - 49) that is configured with two imaging ports, where one
camera is used for fluorescence imaging while a second is used for IR-DIC.
1.4 MP
CCD Cameras
4 MP
CCD Cameras
8 MP
CCD Cameras
The DCU224M is equipped with a 1/2" format CCD sensor with SXGA
resolution (1280 x 1024 pixels) and provides a full frame rate of 15 fps.
Higher frame rates can be achieved by using the Region of Interest (ROI)
or binning functions; the former increases the frame rate by only reading
a selected area of the sensor, whereas the latter increases the frame rate by
combining pixels before transferring them to the PC.
Fast
CCD Cameras
Compact
CCD Cameras
Custom
Cameras
ThorCam
Software
This camera can be controlled via the same ThorCam software as our lownoise, scientific-grade CCD cameras presented on pages 312 - 319. It features
a USB 2.0 interface that can be used to connect the camera to a PC.
Camera Noise
Tutorial
DCU224M
The C-Mount threads (1.000"-32) on the front of the housing can be easily connected to
components with Thorlabs’ standard SM1 thread (1.035"-40) via one of the two included SM1 adapters. In
addition, a mounting adapter with an 8-32 and an M4 tap is included for post mounting.
SPECIFICATIONS
Features
Pixel Resolution
n 1280
x 1024 Pixel Resolution
n 15 fps Full Frame Rate
n Removable Filter Included
n Internal C-Mount Threads
n Global Shutter
n Universal Trigger Input via a 9-Pin, Micro
D-Sub Connector
1280 x 1024
Optical Sensor Class
1/2", Monochrome
Sensor Model (Sony)
ICX205AL
Pixel Size
4.65 µm x 4.65 µm
Exposure Mode
Electronic Global Shutter
Readout Mode
Progressive Scan
Frame Rate (Free Run Mode)
15 fps
Binning
Vertical
ROI (Partial Scan)
Horizontal and Vertical
5 – 30 MHza
Pixel Clock Frequency Range
Monochromatic Pixel
Sensitivity vs. Wavelength
66 µsb – 1360 msc
Exposure Time (Free Run)
Gain
1
13.66X (Master)
Relative Sensitivity
Relative Sensitivity
Hardware Trigger
Asynchronous
Objective Connector
C-Mount (SM1 Adapters Included)
Window (Removable)
Glass Filter
Interface
Power Consumption
1.1 W – 2.1 W via USB
Operating Temperature
0 to 50 °C (32 to 122 °F)
Compliance
400
500
600
700
Wavelength (nm)
800
900
Dimensions (W x H x D)
Weight
aThe maximum possible pixel clock frequency
bRequires Maximum Pixel Clock Frequency
cRequires Minimum Pixel Clock Frequency
ITEM #
PRICE
DCU224M$
2,184.00
320
USB 2.0
CE, FCC, Class A
32 mm x 40.35 mm x 45.5 mm
(1.26" x 1.59" x 1.79")
96 g (0.21 lbs)
depends on the PC hardware used.
DESCRIPTION
1280 x 1024 Pixel, 15 fps, 1/2" Sensor, Black and White CCD Camera
Scientific Cameras
Trigger Cables for USB 2.0 Cameras
CCD Cameras
Overview
The CAB-DCU-T1 and CAB-DCU-T2 USB Trigger Cables
are designed for use with our DCU224M USB CCD Camera
featured on the previous page. Both cables provide an additional
trigger input and USB connection when attached to the camera
via the Micro D-Sub. In addition, the CAB-DCU-T1 provides an
additional trigger output.
1.4 MP
CCD Cameras
4 MP
CCD Cameras
CAB-DCU-T2
An input trigger may be used to initiate the exposure of the
camera. The output trigger can be used to start external
events (e.g., a strobe light). The trigger configuration
(i.e., the delay of the input trigger and timing of the
output trigger) can be set using the provided software
CAB-DCU-T1
or LabVIEW drivers. Both cables can also be used
with our Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Sensors (WFS150/WFS300
Series, see pages 476 - 479) although, in this case, only the trigger in
Micro D-Sub Pinout
function will be available.
ITEM #
Device Side Connector
Micro D-Sub, 90° Angled
PC Side Connector
USB Standard
Compact
CCD Camera
1
6
CAB-DCU-T1
CAB-DCU-T2
Not Connected
Micro D-Sub, Straight
2
Shield
Hi-Speed USB 2.0 (480 Mbit/s)
4
USB +5 V
X
X
5
X
-
6
Camera Noise
Tutorial
Trigger Input +
3
USB GND
Flash Strobe Output +
Not Connected
24AWG/2C and 28AWG/1PR
7
Trigger Input -
Double-Shielded 80 °C 30 V
8
USB D+
3m
9
USB D-
Length
9
Flash Strobe Output -
Flash and Digital Out (Bare Wire)
Custom
Cameras
ThorCam
Software
1
USB 2.0 A Male
Shielding
5
PIN
Trigger In (Bare Wire)
Wire Gauge USB
Fast
CCD Camera
CAB-DCU-T2
CAB-DCU-T1
8 MP
CCD Cameras
ITEM #
PRICE
CAB-DCU-T1 $133.00
DESCRIPTION
USB and Trigger Cable (In/Out) for Cameras, 3 m
CAB-DCU-T2$78.00
1USB and Trigger Cable (In Only) for Cameras, 3 m
Have you seen our...
Complete Line of Cameras
and Accessories
6.5X Zoom Lens on a 1500M-CL
Scientific-Grade Camera
DCC3240M
DCU224C
High-Resolution,
Monochrome CMOS Camera
with USB 3.0 Interface
High-Resolution, Color
CCD Camera with USB
2.0 Interface
MVL25M2
25 mm Focal Length
Lens for 2/3" Format
Cameras
In addition to our Scientific-Grade CCD
Cameras featured on pages 312 - 319, Thorlabs
also offers a wide range of CCD and CMOS
cameras that are excellent for a variety of
applications including microscopy, medical
imaging, and quality control. Visit our website
to see our complete selection.
Visit www.thorlabs.com to Learn More
321
Scientific Cameras
CCD Cameras
Overview
1.4 MP
CCD Cameras
4 MP
CCD Cameras
8 MP
CCD Cameras
Fast
CCD Cameras
Compact
CCD Cameras
Custom
Cameras
ThorCam
Software
Camera Noise
Tutorial
Custom Cameras
In addition to our large selection of standard scientific
cameras, we have the capability of building custom cameras
designed specifically for scientific applications. Options
include high-performance cameras, board-level cameras,
custom camera housings, and software. If you have
special requirements, a custom application, or general
questions about our capabilities, please contact us
at ScientificImaging@thorlabs.com. We can help
you evaluate your application and budgetary
requirements to explore custom camera options
that might satisfy your needs.
Customizing a scientific camera can be done
from scratch or by using one of our existing
standard cameras (see pages 312 - 321) as a
starting point. Our engineering team simplifies this
process by using the two-step process below. Small changes made
to our existing stock can be done quickly and easily. When designing a custom
camera from scratch, we will help walk you through everything detailed below.
Step 1: Analyze Your
Custom Requirements
n Considerations
• Sensitivity
• Wavelength
• Resolution
• Speed
n System Requirements
• Operating Environment
• Space Constraints
• Interfaces
• Software
n Application Space
• Compliance Issues
• Future Developments
• Logistics
Quantum Efficiency (%)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
200 300
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
Wavelength (nm)
Popular Fluorophore Emission Wavelengths Overlaid with the
Quantum Efficiency Curves for our 1.4 Megapixel Cameras
322
Board-Level Photograph of the
Sensor and Electronics in One
of Our Scientific Cameras
Step 2: Configure a Solution
n Imager
Options
• UV, Visible, or NIR Spectrum
• 1.4 Megapixel, 4 Megapixel, 8 Megapixel, or
Fast Frame Rate CCD
• CMOS
n I/O Options
• Camera Link
• Gigabit Ethernet
• USB 3.0
n Camera Body Options
• Standard Non-Cooled
• Hermetically Sealed with Two-Stage TEC
• Private Labeling
n Electronics Modifications
n Optics Mounting Options (C-Mount Threading is Standard)
n Software
• Initial Evaluation Using ThorCam™ GUI for Cameras
•Algorithm Development Using Popular Third-Party Support
Such as MATLAB, µManager/ImageJ, LabVIEW,
and Metamorph
•API / SDK Provided for Software Developers and OEMs
n Supply Chain
•Kanban Stocking Agreements
Scientific Cameras
CCD Cameras
Overview
ThorCamTM Software
ThorCam is a powerful image acquisition
software package designed for use with
any of our scientific cameras as well as the
DCC224M camera on 32- and 64-bit
Windows® 7 systems. The intuitive, easyto-use graphical user interface provides
camera control as well as the ability to
acquire and play back images. Thirdparty software support for packages such
as LabVIEW, MATLAB, Metamorph,
and µManager/ImageJ are included
along with a development kit and
application programming interfaces for the
development of custom applications by
OEMs and developers.
1.4 MP
CCD Cameras
Features
Set Camera Parameters
• Readout Speed
• Exposure Time
• Triggers to Start Image Acquisition
n Time Series Function for Time Lapse Images
n Save Images in 16 Bit TIFF, PNG, or JPEG Format
n Built-In Functions for Image Examination
and Analysis
n 3rd Party Software Support for LabVIEW,
MATLAB, µManager/ImageJ, and Metamorph
n
4 MP
CCD Cameras
8 MP
CCD Cameras
Fast
CCD Cameras
Compact
CCD Cameras
Custom
Cameras
ThorCam
Software
Camera Noise
Tutorial
Camera Control and Image Acquisition
Camera Control and Image Acquisition
functions are carried out through the icons
along the top of the window, as seen in
REC
Figure 1. Camera parameters may be set in
the popup window that appears upon clicking
REC
on the Tools icon. The Snapshot button
allows a single image to be acquired using the
12
3
REC
current camera settings.
Start Image
REC
Acquisition
12 12
The Start and Stop capture buttons begin
3
3
image capture according to the camera
settings, including triggered imaging. 12
3
Tools
Capture a
REC
Single Frame
Record Images to a
Single, Multipage
TIFF File
Time Series
Figure 1: Camera control icons in the ThorCam software GUI can be accessed from the tool bar
at the top of the window.
12
3
Timed Series
The Timed Series control,
shown in Figure 2, allows
time-lapse images to be
recorded. Simply set the
total number of images
and the time delay in
between captures. The
output will be saved in a
multi-page TIFF file.
Figure 2: A timed series of 10 images taken at 1 second intervals is saved as a multipage TIFF.
323
REC
REC
REC
Scientific Cameras
CCD Cameras
Overview
ThorCamTM Software
1.4 MP
CCD Cameras
Measurement and Annotation
4 MP
CCD Cameras
8 MP
CCD Cameras
Fast
CCD Cameras
Compact
CCD Cameras
Custom
Cameras
ThorCam
Software
Camera Noise
Tutorial
REC
REC
REC
Histogram1
23
As shown in Figure 3, ThorCam has a number of built-in
annotation and measurement functions to help analyze images
after they have been acquired. Lines,
rectangles,
circles,
and REC112233
REC
REC
REC
freehand shapes can be drawn on
12 Draw on
3
the image. Text can be entered
REC
the Image
to annotate marked locations. A
Annotate the
measurement mode allows the user
Image with Text
to determine the distance between
Measure
points of interest. 1
12 the Distance
12 REC 12
23
3 Points
3 Between
3
The features outlined below in
12
Figure 4 can be used to display
3
information about both live and captured images.
12
3
Line
Profiles
Region of Intrest
12 Tally Counter
3
Pixel Peeker
Figure 3: Annotation and measurement functions can be
accessed through the tool bar.
Pixel Peek
12 the value of the pixel that the mouse is
This feature displays
3
currently over (gray box in the center), as well as pixel values in
the surrounding neighborhood, for live or saved images.
Figure 4: Measurement Features
324
Histogram
Vertical and Horizontal Line Profiles
This window displays a
histogram of the live or
saved image data.
These windows are activated by two buttons
that draw a movable vertical or horizontal
line across the live or saved image. The plot
shows the values of each pixel along the line.
Scientific Cameras
ThorCamTM Software
CCD Cameras
Overview
Measurement and Annotation
(Continued)
1.4 MP
CCD Cameras
ThorCam also features a tally counter
that allows the user to mark points
of interest in the image and tally the
number of points marked (see
Figure 5). A crosshair target that is
locked to the center of the image can
be switched on to provide a point of
reference.
4 MP
CCD Cameras
8 MP
CCD Cameras
Fast
CCD Cameras
Compact
CCD Cameras
Custom
Cameras
ThorCam
Software
Camera Noise
Tutorial
Figure 5: A screenshot of the ThorCam Software.
The tally function was used to mark three locations in
the image. The line to the lower left was added using
the measurement function, with the distance between
points in pixels displayed just above it.
Review Time Lapse and
Series of Images
Image sequences taken with
our cameras are stored in
multi-page TIFF files in
order to preserve the highprecision, unaltered image
data, as shown in Figure 6.
Controls within ThorCam
allow the user to play the
sequence of images or step
through them frame by
frame.
Figure 6: Multipage TIFF files can be loaded into ThorCam so that data can be reviewed.
3rd Party Applications and Support
Thorcam is bundled with support for thirdparty software packages such as LabVIEW,
MATLAB, Metamorph, and µManager /
ImageJ (see Figure 7). Both 32- and 64-bit
versions of LabVIEW and MATLAB are
supported.
Figure 7: An image taken
using the ThorCam Software
is displayed in ImageJ.
325
Scientific Cameras
CCD Cameras
Overview
1.4 MP
CCD Cameras
4 MP
CCD Cameras
8 MP
CCD Cameras
Fast
CCD Cameras
Compact
CCD Cameras
Custom
Cameras
ThorCam
Software
Camera Noise
Tutorial
Camera Noise and Temperature
Overview
When purchasing a camera, an important consideration is whether or not the application will require a cooled
sensor. Due to the high-sensitivity and low noise of these scientific-grade cameras, most applications, including
fluorescence microscopy, can be performed with exposures under 1 s, obviating the need for cooling. However,
for certain situations, generally under low light levels where long exposures are necessary, cooling will provide a
discernible benefit.
For these low-noise, scientific-grade cameras, the following “rule of
thumb” can be applied: for exposures less than 1 second, a standard
camera is generally sufficient; for exposures greater than 5 seconds,
cooling is generally recommended; and for exposures above 10 seconds,
cooling is usually required. Please keep in mind that some applications
are more sensitive to noise than others. If you have questions about
which domain your application will fall into, please contact us, and
one of our scientific camera specialists will help you decide which
camera is right for you.
EXPOSURE
CAMERA RECOMMENDATIONS*
<1 s
Standard Non-Cooled Camera
Generally Sufficient
1 s to 5 s
Cooled Camera Could Be Helpful
5 s to 10 s
Cooled Camera Recommended
>10 s
Cooled Camera Usually Required
*The following recommendations are general guidelines. Please visit
www.thorlabs.com for a more detailed discussion of noise sources
to consider when selecting a cooled or non-cooled camera for
your application. If you have questions about which domain your
application will fall into, please contact us, and one of our scientific
specialist will help you decide which camera is right for you.
Sources of Noise
Noise in a camera image is the aggregate spatial and temporal variation in the measured signal, assuming
constant, uniform illumination. There are several components of noise:
•
Dark Shot Noise (σD)
Dark current is a current that flows even when no photons are incident on the camera. It is a
thermal phenomenon resulting from electrons spontaneously generated within the silicon chip
(valence electrons are thermally excited into the conduction band). The variation in the number
of dark electrons collected during the exposure is the dark shot noise. It is independent of the
signal level but is dependent on the temperature of the sensor and the duration of exposure.
•
Read Noise (σR)
This is the noise generated in producing the electronic signal. This results from the
sensor design but can also be impacted by the design of the camera electronics. It is independent
of signal level and temperature of the sensor, and is usually larger for faster CCD pixel clock
rates. This is typically the dominant noise source when imaging at low light levels.
• Photon Shot Noise (σS)
This is the statistical noise associated with the arrival of photons at the pixel. Since
photon measurements obey Poisson statistics, the photon shot noise is dependent on the signal
level measured. It is independent of sensor temperature. This is usually the dominant noise source
when imaging under bright light conditions.
• Fixed Pattern Noise (σF)
This is caused by spatial non-uniformities of the
pixels and is independent of signal level and
temperature of the sensor. Note that fixed pattern
noise is ignored in this discussion; this is a
valid assumption for the scientific CCD cameras
described here but may need to be included for
other non-scientific-grade sensors.
Fluorescence Image of a Mouse Kidney
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Scientific Cameras
Camera Noise and Temperature
CCD Cameras
Overview
Total Effective Noise
1.4 MP
CCD Cameras
The total effective noise per pixel, σeff, is the quadrature sum of each of the noise sources listed on the
previous page:
4 MP
CCD Cameras
σeff =
σD2 + σR2 + σS2
8 MP
CCD Cameras
Here, σD is the dark shot noise, σR is the read noise, and σS is the photon shot noise. Again, fixed pattern noise
is ignored, which is a good approximation for scientific-grade CCDs but may need to be considered for nonscientific-grade sensors.
Dark Shot Noise and Sensor Temperature
As mentioned above, the dark current is a thermal effect and can
therefore be reduced by cooling the sensor. The table to the right
lists typical dark current values for the Sony ICX285AL CCD sensor
used in our 1.4 megapixel cameras. As the dark current results from
spontaneously generated electrons, the dark current is measured by
simply "counting" these electrons. For a given exposure, the dark shot
noise, σD, is the square root of the ID value from the table to the right (for
a given sensor temperature) multiplied by the exposure time t in seconds:
σD =
TEMPERATURE
DARK CURRENT (ID)
-20 ˚C
0.1 e-/(s*pixel)
0 ˚C
1 e-/(s*pixel)
25 ˚C
5 e-/(s*pixel)
Fast
CCD Cameras
Compact
CCD Cameras
Custom
Cameras
ThorCam
Software
Camera Noise
Tutorial
IDt
Since the dark current, ID, decreases with decreasing temperature, the
associated dark-shot noise, σD, can be decreased by cooling the camera.
Photon Shot Noise
If S is the number of "signal" electrons generated when
a photon flux of N photons/second is incident on each
pixel of a sensor with a quantum efficiency QE and an
exposure duration of t seconds, then the photon shot
noise is given by:
σS =
S=
(QE) Nt
A Scientific CCD
Camera Shown
Mounted on a Nikon
FN1 Microscope with
Thorlabs’ Confocal
Scan Head.
If the photon shot noise is significantly larger than the
dark shot noise, then cooling provides a negligible benefit
in terms of the noise, and our standard package cameras
will work well. For a more detailed explanation, including
examples and graphs, please visit www.thorlabs.com.
Other Considerations
Thermoelectric cooling should also be considered for
long exposures even where the dark shot noise is not
a significant contributor to total noise because cooling
also helps to reduce the effects of hot pixels. Hot pixels
cause a “star field” pattern that appears under long
exposures. Sample images taken under conditions of no
light, high gain, and long exposure are available on our
website to illustrate this phenomenon.
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