Using Compute Blocks to Enhance PROC REPORT Output
Laurie Buchanan, Healthsource, Inc.
LINE statements within a compute block can create
customized summary lines but since the LINE
statement is not executable, subtotals are created
for every group. Using COMPUTE blocks we can
check for groups of greater than one row and create
a character variable containing the subtotal values.
When the group contains only one row this variable
is set to missing. The LINE statement will execute at
every break but the value of the variable printed
changes producing the desired result.
Abstract
Compute blocks are a powerful feature of PROC
REPORT, allowing for the addition of programming
statements to the REPORT procedure. This paper
will demonstrate the use of compute blocks to
conditionally assign formats to rows of the report
and to produce subtotals only when a grouping
contains more than one row.
Introduction
A compute block is a group of programming
statements within PROC REPORT that is executed
for every row of the report or at a specific location in
the report. Compute blocks can be used to create
variables not on the incoming data set, perform
calculations, set display attributes such as formats,
and produce customized summary lines.
This same method of counting rows is used to
control the formatting of specific rows using the
CALL DEFINE statement within a compute block.
For this paper, we will produce a report on
laboratory service costs summarized by place of
service and vendor (see FIGURE 1). The data set
contains variables for place of service (pos), vendor,
total cost (cost_96 and cost_97), per member per
month cost (pmpm_96 and pmpm_97), and member
month counts (mm_96 and mm_97).
The BREAK statement with the SUMMARIZE option
is an easy way to produce subtotals after every
group. However, when a group contains only one
item, a subtotal is not needed and crowds the report.
The Code
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causes the programming statements in the compute
block to execute for every row. Since PROC
REPORT does not repeat the values of group
variables row to row, pos is missing on all rows but
the first. Therefore, one is added to the counter
when the subgroup, vendor is not missing.
A dollar format overrides the format specified by
the DEFINE statement on the first row of a group,
the subtotal row, and the grand total row. The first
row is easily identified by count=1. The grand total
and subtotal rows are identified by a missing value
for the subgroup. The automatic variable _COL_
refers to the current column named in the
COMPUTE statement. A compute block with the
CALL DEFINE statement is set up for each variable
to be formatted this way.
Compute blocks can calculate variables not on
the incoming data set. A DEFINE statement is
needed for each computed variable and the
variables must be added to the COLUMN statement.
To count the rows in each group, a DATA step
variable is created and initialized to zero at the start
of a group. Unlike REPORT variables (variables
defined in the COLUMN statement) DATA step
variables are not reset to missing at the start of a
new row. The BEFORE argument in the COMPUTE
statement attaches the compute block to a location.
Here, the location is before each change in the
group variable pos.
This compute block counts the rows in a group.
Because a compute block must be associated with a
report item or location, associating the compute
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The LINE statements write the text variables with
either missing values or the subtotals at each break.
This line changes the text in the default summary
line produced by the RBREAK statement.
COMPUTE AFTER associates the compute block
with the end of the report.
LINE statements are used to add text at the end
of the report.
A break is created after each change in the value
of pos by the COMPUTE AFTER POS statement.
The counter is checked for values greater than one.
Two text variables are set up. The length is set to
the sum of the widths of the columns to be
subtotaled and the space between them. The
column widths are set in the DEFINE statement and
the default column space is 2. When the counter is
greater than one, the first text variable is set to the
underline characters for the columns. The second is
a series of concatenated put statements that use the
SUM statistic to calculate the subtotals for the
group. Otherwise the two text variables are set to
missing. The position to place the text is calculated
by summing the widths of the columns and column
spaces to the left of the text and adding that to the
position where PROC REPORT starts the report.
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‹
Conclusion
By taking full advantage of the power of compute
blocks, it is possible to create professional looking
reports using PROC REPORT.
Author Contact
Laurie Buchanan
Healthsource, Inc.
2 College Park Drive
Hooksett, NH 03106
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(603) 268-7164
buchanl@hlthsrc.com
LBuchanan7@aol.com