IEC 62368-1:
A new ‘hazard-based’
standard approach
Matthew Emery
TÜV SÜD Product Service
Who am I?
Name
Matthew Emery
Title:
Product Safety Specialist
Employer:
TÜV SÜD Product Service
Experience:
8 years experience in Product Testing
History:
Worked for lighting manufacturer for 8 years
Telephone:
+44 (0)1489 558 128
E-mail:
Matthew.emery@tuv-sud.co.uk
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
Introduction
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
1
Existing Product Safety Standards
2
Introduction to IEC 62368-1
3
Injury Classification
4
Energy Sources
5
Safeguards
6
Models for Protection
Customer Day 2015
ECMA - 287
Existing product safety standards:
• Blurred borderline between different classes of products
• Too diverse: safety requirements differed widely due to the evolution of
“Multi-Media” products
• Changed too frequently because:
− design oriented rather than performance based
− Maintenance cycles required for any technology evolution
• Were lacking for some product families
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
Standard ECMA-287:1999
Safety of electronic equipment
Philosophy applied:
To define hazard-based requirements using engineering principles and
taking into account relevant IEC standards and pilot documents.
Where technical discrepancies between standards emerged, conclusion
was based on engineering principles.
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
ECMA-287 - Facts
• Technology independent safety standard
• Scope is ICT and CE equipement rated less than 600Vrms
• Covers products currently under the scope of IEC 60065 and IEC 60950x
• New standard NOT simply a merger of IEC 60065 and IEC 60950)
• ECMA International Technical Committee 12 draft, based on IEC basic
safety publications and HBSE (Hazard Based Safety Engineering)
principles
• Free to download http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-287.htm
• Contributed to IEC TC108 for further elaboration
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1 – What is it?
• New safety standard (NOT a merger of IEC 60065 and 60950-1)
• Covers products currently under the scopes of IEC 60065 and IEC
60950-x
• Hazard based
• Technology independent
• Based on sound engineering principles, research and field data
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1 – Objectives
• Clearly identify the hazard being addressed
• Clearly state principles upon which hazard is addressed
• Follows of IEC pilot publication
• Use of IEV definitions
• Performance based (conformance based on tests rather than on
construction)
• Type test standard
• Useful to designers
• Suitable to assess conformance by suppliers, purchasers and certifiers
(but NOT a certification document)
• Meet above in a “user friendly” manner
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1 – Structure
The standard:
• Covers all specified hazards
• Each hazard will be in a separate section
• Will include examples of accepted constructions
• Include basics of three block model in “Principles of Safety”
• Adjunct Documents
− Interpretations
(clarification of standard, newly identified accepted constructions, etc.)
− Part 2 documents for a few very special cases
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1 – Format
For each hazard clause will be formatted as follows:
• Clause
− State objective of clause
• Specify the energy source (as far as possible three (3) levels) and define
the limits between the energy levels
− Specify principal; supplemental and reinforced safeguards
• Location of safeguard
− Specify safeguard properties
− Specify safeguard parameters (e.g. materials)
• Specify safeguard tests/construction
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1 – Definitions
HAZARD, HAZARDOUS:
An energy source that exceeds body susceptibility limits.
ISO/IEC Guide 51: potential source of harm
SAFE, SAFETY:
Situation where at least one safeguard is interposed between the body and
a hazardous energy source.
ISO/IEC Guide 51: freedom from unacceptable risk
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1 – Injury Classification
Injury occurs ONLY when energy of sufficient magnitude and duration is
imparted to a body part.
Hazardous
energy source
(capable of causing
pain or inquiry)
Transfer
mechanism
Body
Energy source
Effect on the body
Effect on combustible materials
Class 1
Not painful, but may be detectable
Ignition not likely
Class 2
Painful, but not an injury
Ignition possible, but limited growth and spread of fire
Class 3
Injury
Ignition likely, rapid growth and spread of fire
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1 – Energy Sources
• Electric shock energy source
• Electrically caused fire energy source
• Chemical energy source (e.g. chemicals (including batteries))
• Mechanical energy source (e.g. moving parts, sharp edges, physical
stability)
• Thermal energy source (e.g. skin burn)
• Radiation energy source (e.g. ionizing, non-ionizing, acoustic)
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1 – Body Response/Property Damage
Examples of body response or property damage related to energy sources
(e.g. energized conductive parts)
Examples of body response or property
damage
Pain, fibrillation, cardiac arrest, respiratory
arrest, skin burn, internal organ burn
(e.g. electrical ignition, spread of fire)
Electrically caused fire leading to burn
related pain or injury or property damage
6
Skin damage, organ damage, or poisoning
7
Laceration, puncture, abrasion, contusion,
crush, amputation, or loss of a limb, eye,
ear
8
Skin burn
9
Loss of sight, skin burn, or loss of hearing
10
Forms of energy
Electrical energy = ES
Thermal energy = PS
Chemical reaction
(e.g. electrolyte, poison)
Kinetic energy = MS
(e.g. moving parts of equipment, or a moving body part
against an equipment part)
Thermal energy = TS
(for example, hot accessible parts)
Radiated energy = RS
(e.g. electromagnetic, optical, acoustic)
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
Clause
5
IEC 62368-1 – Class 1 Energy Source
Unless otherwise specified, a class 1 source is an energy source with levels
not exceeding class 1 limits under:
• normal operating conditions; and
• abnormal operating conditions that do not lead to a single fault condition;
and
• single fault conditions that do not result in class 2 limits being exceeded.
Under normal operating conditions and abnormal operating conditions, the
energy in a class 1 source, in contact with a body part, may be detectable,
but is not painful nor is it likely to cause an injury. For fire, the energy in a
class 1 source is not likely to cause ignition.
Under single fault conditions, a class 1 energy source, under contact with a
body part, may be painful, but is not likely to cause injury.
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1 – Classes 2 & 3 Energy Source
Class 2 energy source
Unless otherwise specified, a class 2 source is an energy source with levels exceeding class 1 limits
and not exceeding class 2 limits under normal operating conditions, abnormal operating conditions, or
single fault conditions.
The energy in a class 2 source, under contact with a body part, may be painful, but is not likely to
cause an injury. For fire, the energy in a class 2 source can cause ignition under some conditions.
Class 3 energy source
A class 3 source is an energy source with levels exceeding class 2 limits under normal operating
conditions, abnormal operating conditions, or single fault conditions, or any energy source declared to
be a class 3 source.
The energy in a class 3 source, under contact with a body part, is capable of causing injury. For fire,
the energy in a class 3 source may cause ignition and the spread of flame where fuel is available.
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1 – Safeguards
Hazardous
energy sources
Safeguard
Body
A safeguard is a device or scheme or system that:
• Is interposed between an energy source capable of causing pain or injury
and a body part, and
• Reduces the likelihood of transfer of energy to a body part
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1 – Non-hazardous Energy Source
Injury does not occur when the energy source is non-hazardous.
Non-hazardous
energy source
No safeguard
necessary
Body
A non-hazardous energy source is:
An energy source that is less than the body susceptibility to that energy
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1 – Supplementary Safeguards
A BASIC SAFEGUARD is:
A safeguard that is effective under normal and abnormal operating conditions
whenever hazardous energy is present
Hazardous
energy
source
Basic
safeguard
Supplementary
safeguard
A SUPPLEMENTARY SAFEGUARD is:
A safeguard that is effective in the event of a single fault of any part,
including a fault of the basic safeguard
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
Body
IEC 62368-1 – Reinforced Safeguard
A REINFORCED SAFEGUARD is:
A single, robust safeguard that is effective under normal operating
conditions, abnormal operating conditions, and single fault condition.
Hazardous
energy
source
TÜV SÜD
Reinforced
safeguard
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
Body
IEC 62368-1 – Hierarchy of Safeguards
Hierarchy of safeguards
Safeguard
I.
Equipment safeguards are always useful, since they do
not require any knowledge or actions by persons coming
into contact with the equipment
II.
Installation safeguards are useful when a safety
characteristic can only be provided after installation (e.g.
equipment has to be bolted to the floor to provide
stability)
III. Behavioural safeguards are useful when the equipment
requires an energy source to be accessible.
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1 – Equipment Safeguard
Equipment safeguard: Physical part of an equipment
Basic
safeguard
Supplementary
safeguard
Reinforced
safeguard
Effective under normal operating
conditions
Effective in the event of failure
of the basic safeguard
Effective under normal operating
conditions and in the event of a single
fault condition
Example:
Basic Insulation
Example:
Supplementary Insulation
Example:
Reinforced Insulation
Example:
Normal temperatures below
ignition temperatures
Example: fire enclosure
Not applicable
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1 – Installation Safeguard
Installation safeguard: Physical part of a man-made installation
Basic
safeguard
Supplementary
safeguard
Reinforced
safeguard
Effective under normal
operating conditions
Effective in the event of failure of an
equipment basic safeguard
Effective under normal operating
conditions and in the event of a
single fault condition elsewhere in
the equipment
Example:
Wire size
Example:
Overcurrent protective device
Example:
Socket outlet
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1 – Personal Safeguard
Personal safeguard: Physical device worn on the body
Basic
safeguard
Supplementary
safeguard
Reinforced
safeguard
In the absence of any
equipment safeguard,
effective under normal
operating conditions
Effective in the event
of failure of an
equipment basic
safeguard
In the absence of any equipment safeguard,
effective under normal operating conditions and in
the event of a single fault con-dition elsewhere in
the equip-ment
Example:
Gloves
Example:
Insulating floor mat
Example:
Electrically-insulated glove for handling live
conductors
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1 – Instructional Safeguard
Instructional safeguard: Voluntary or instructed behaviour
Basic
safeguard
In the absence of any equipment
safeguard, effective under normal
operating conditions
Supplementary
safeguard
Reinforced
safeguard
Effective in the event of failure Only effective on an exceptional
of an equipment basic
basis, when providing all
safeguard
appropriate safeguards would
prevent the intended functioning of
the equipment
Example:
Instructional safeguard to disconnect
telecommunication cable before
opening cover
Example:
After opening a door, an
instructional safeguard
warning against hot parts
Example:
Instructional safeguard warning of
hot parts in a photocopier, or a
continuous roll paper cutter on a
commercial printer
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1 – Accessibility to Energy Sources
Accessibility to electrical energy sources and safeguard
ES 3
source
Equipment Enclosure
Double Insulated
ES2
source
ES1
source
Q: What are the requirements between these non-accessible sources?
A: None, as the enclosure is double insulated, the sources are not accessible.
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1 – Accessibility to Energy Sources
Accessibility to electrical energy sources and safeguard
Now there is an accessbile connection
ES 3
source
?
Equipment Enclosure
Double Insulated
ES2
source
ES1
source
Accessible Part/Interface
Q: What are the requirements between the sources in this case?
A: 1. Basic insulation between ES1 & ES2
A: 2. Double or reinforced insulation between ES1 & ES3
A: 3. Insulation between ES2 & ES3 depends on the insulation between ES1 & ES2
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1 – Accessibility to Energy Sources
Accessibility to electrical energy sources and safeguard
Now there are two accessible connections from independent sources
ES1
source
Equipment Enclosure
Double Insulated
ES1
source
Accessible Connection
Q: What are the requirements between the sources in this case?
A: 1. According to B.4 (single fault condition), the insulation or any components
between the sources need to be shorted
A: 2. If one of the two ES1 sources would reach ES2 levels - basic safeguard
(Note that a source that exceeds ES1 levels is not an ES1, but an ES2 source!!!)
A: 3. If both ES1 sources stay within ES1 limits - no safeguard (functional insulation)
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1 – Behavioural Safeguards
Ordinary person: all persons other than “instructed” and “skilled”. Includes
users and persons who may have access to or be in the vicinity of the equipment. Under normal or
abnormal operating conditions, should not be exposed to energy sources capable of causing pain or
injury. Under a single fault condition should not be exposed to energy sources capable of causing
injury.
Instructed person: instructed and trained or supervised by a skilled person to identify energy
sources that may cause pain and to take precautions to avoid unintentional contact or exposure.
Under normal operating conditions, abnormal operating conditions or single fault conditions, should
not be exposed to energy sources capable of causing injury.
Skilled person: persons who have training or experience in the equipment technology, particularly
knowing the various energies and magnitudes used. Expected to use their training and experience to
recognize energy sources capable of causing pain or injury and to take action for protection. Should
be protected against unintentional contact or exposure to sources capable of
causing injury.
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1 – Behavioural Safeguards
Person
Ordinary
Behavioural safeguards
Instructional safeguard: means of providing information, describing the existence and location of an
energy source capable of causing pain or injury Intended to invoke a specific behaviour to reduce
the likelihood of transfer of energy to a body part.
Instructional safeguards may be considered acceptable protection to bypass an equipment safeguard
such that the person is made aware of how to avoid contact with a class 2 or class 3 energy source.
Instructed
Precautionary safeguard is the training and experience or supervision of an instructed person by
a skilled person to use precautions to protect the person against class 2 energy sources.
During equipment servicing, an instructed person may need to remove or defeat an equipment
safeguard. In this case, an instructed person is expected to then apply precaution as a
safeguard to avoid injury.
Skilled
Skill safeguard is the education, training, knowledge and experience of the skilled person that is
used to protect that person against class 2 or class 3 energy sources.
During equipment servicing, a skilled person may need to remove or defeat an equipment safeguard.
In this case, a skilled person is expected to then apply skill as a safeguard to avoid injury
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1 – Limit Values
The limit values for determining
whether or not an energy source is
hazardous and the safeguard tests
and parameters are based on IEC
Basic and Group safety publications.
IDENTIFY ENERGY
SOURCE
IS SOURCE
HAZARDOUS?
Yes
IDENTIFY MEANS BY WHICH
ENERGY CAN BE
TRANSFERRED TO A BODY PART
DESIGN SAFEGUARD WHICH
WILL PREVENT ENERGY
TRANSFER TO A BODY PART
MEASURE SAFEGUARD
EFFECTIVENESS
No
IS SAFEGUARD
EFFECTIVE?
Yes
DONE
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
No
IEC 62368-1 – Limit Values
1. Identify the ES1, ES2 and ES3 parts and circuits and
their respective safeguards
(ES = Electrical energy)
IDENTIFY ENERGY
SOURCE
IS SOURCE
HAZARDOUS?
2. Identify the PS1, PS2, and PS3 circuits and the fire
safeguard methods
(PS = Thermal energy)
Yes
IDENTIFY MEANS BY WHICH
ENERGY CAN BE
TRANSFERRED TO A BODY PART
3. Identify the MS1, MS2, and MS3 parts and circuits and
their respective safeguards
(MS = Kinetic energy)
DESIGN SAFEGUARD WHICH
WILL PREVENT ENERGY
TRANSFER TO A BODY PART
4. Identify the TS1, TS2, and TS3 parts and circuits and
their respective safeguards
(TS = Thermal energy)
5. Identify the RS1, RS2, and RS3 parts and circuits and
their respective safeguards
(RS = Radiated energy)
MEASURE SAFEGUARD
EFFECTIVENESS
No
IS SAFEGUARD
EFFECTIVE?
Yes
DONE
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
No
IEC 62368-1 – Electric Shock
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1 – Energy Source Classification
Electrical energy source classification table
General Information
Energy Source
Area of
Contact
X
50-60Hz
-
240
-
C2
C2
C1-C2
C3
C3
C3
C2-C3
C4
C4
C5
C5
C6
C6
C7
Normal
Faut F10
Normal
Normal
Fault F11
Fault F12
Normal
Normal
Fault F13
Normal
Fault F14
Normal
Fault F15
Normal
X
X
X
X
X
DC
DC
100kHz
DC
DC
Hiccup
30kHz
DC
DC
60kHz/0.8nF
30kHz/0.8nF
1kHz
DC
Non-DC
580
8.6
69
2500
1000
35
-
25.2
28.6
456
5.2
5.4
45
3.4
3.5
24
120
28Vdc
40Vdc
28Vdc
40Vdc
40Vdc
65Vrms
28Vdc
40Vdc
5000Vpeak
5000Vpeak
42.4Vpeak
40Vrms
140Vrms
TÜV SÜD
-
-
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
15-07-15
Determined Voltage
V Peak
V RMS
-
27
33
-
30
35
-
mA Peak
Normal
S
-
Peak/RMS
C1
M
mA
RMS
-
Determined Current
Operating Reference
L
Applicable
Current
Limit
Peak/R
MS
-
Applicable
Voltage
Limit
Diagram
Reference
Frequency,
Capacitance
or Pulse
Duration
Result
Customer Day 2015
Classification
ES1
ES2
ES3
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
IEC 62368-1 – Example Test Report
TEST REPORT
IEC 62368-1
Audio/video, information and
communication technology
equipment
Part 1: Safety requirements
Clause
5.2
Body Part
(e.g. Ordinary)
OVERVIEW OF EMPLOYED SAFEGUARDS
Electrically-caused injury
Energy Source
Related
Safeguards
(ES3: Primary Filter
clause
Basic
circuit)
6.2.2
Material part
(e.g. mouse
enclosure)
7.5
Body Part
(e.g., skilled)
8.2
Body Part
(e.g. Ordinary)
Supplementary
(e.g., 5.3.6.3, etc.)
Electrically-caused fire
Energy Source
Related
(PS2: 100 Watt circuit)
clause
(Enclosure)
Safeguards
Basic
Chemically-caused injury
Energy Source
Related
(e.g., hazardous
clause
Safeguards
Basic
material)
(e.g. gloves)
Mechanically-caused injury
Energy Source
Related
(MS3:Imploding part)
clause
Supplementary
Safeguards
Basic
Supplementary
Reinforced
Supplementary
Reinforced
(8.5.5.1)
9.3
Body Part
Thermal Burn
Energy Source
(e.g., Ordinary)
(TS2)
10.2
Body Part
Radiation
Energy Source
(e.g., Ordinary)
(Output from audio port)
Supplementary Information:
Reinforced
(e.g., PTC)
(6.4.3.1)
(7.4)
Reinforced
(Enclosure)
Related
clause
Safeguards
Basic (e.g.
(9.3.2.2)
Instructional)
Related
clause
Safeguards
Basic (e.g.,
(10.4.2)
Instructional)
Supplementary
Reinforced
Supplementary
Reinforced
(1) A block diagram can be attached to further detail the identified
safeguards.
(2) “N” – Normal Condition; “A” – Abnormal Condition; “S” Short Circuit
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1 – Electrical Energy Transfer
Electrical energy transfer occurs when there are two or more electrical
contacts to the body:
The first electrical contact is between a body part and a conductive part of
the equipment;
the second electrical contact is between another body part; and earth, or
another conductive part of the equipment.
Energy
source
Prospective touch
voltage or
touch current
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
Energy
transfer
mechansm
Two electrical
contacts
Body
Body resistance
IEC 62368-1 – Models for Protection
Models for protection against electrically-caused pain or injury
Protection against electrically-caused pain or injury requires that one or
more safeguards be interposed between an electrical energy source
capable of causing pain or injury and a body part.
Energy source
Prospective touch
voltage and
touch current
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Safeguard
Electric insulation
Body
Body resistance
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1– Models
Models for electrically-caused fire
Electrically caused fire is due to conversion of electrical energy to thermal
energy, where the thermal energy heats a fuel material followed by ignition
and combustion.
Energy source
Electrical energy
conversion to thermal
energy
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Energy transfer
mechansm
Conduction,
convection,
radiation
Fuel material
Material exceeds
ignition temperature
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1– Models for Protection
Models for protection against electrically caused fire
The basic safeguard against electrically caused fire is that the temperature of a material, under
normal operating conditions and abnormal operating conditions, does not cause the material to
ignite.
The supplementary safeguard against electrically-caused fire reduces the likelihood of ignition or, in
the case of ignition, reduces the likelihood of spread of fire.
Energy source
Electrical energy
conversion to thermal
energy
Safeguard
Thermal resistance
Fuel material
Material does not
exceeds ignition
temperature
Energy source
Electrical energy
conversion to thermal
energy
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
Fuel material
Fuel ignition
Safeguard
Enclosure contains
the fire
IEC 62368-1– Safeguards
SAFEGUARDS against electrically caused fire
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1–Models for Chemical Injury
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1–Models for Chemical Injury
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1– Definitions
MS = Kinetic energy
MS1 - Mechanical energy source with levels not exceeding MS1 limits under normal operating
conditions and abnormal operating conditions and not exceeding MS2 under single fault
conditions.
MS2 - Mechanical energy source with levels not exceeding MS2 limits under normal operating
conditions, abnormal operating conditions, and single fault conditions, but is not MS1.
MS3 - Mechanical energy source with levels exceeding MS2 limits under normal operating
conditions, abnormal operating conditions or single fault conditions, or any mechanical energy
source declared to be treated as MS3 by the manufacturer.
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
IEC 62368-1– Models for Thermally-Caused Fire
Models for thermally-caused injury
Thermally caused injury may occur when thermal energy capable of causing injury is transferred to a
body part .
Energy source
Energy source
Temperature,
Material,
Mass, etc.
TÜV SÜD
Body part
Energy
transfer
mechansm
Body part
touches hot part
Body
Body part
thermal resistance
15-07-15
Energy source
Temperature,
Material,
Mass, etc.
Customer Day 2015
Safeguard
Thermal insulation
Body
Body part
thermal resistance
IEC 62368-1– Definitions
TS = Thermal energy
TS1 - Thermal energy source with temperature levels not exceeding TS1 limits under normal
operating conditions; and not exceeding TS2 limits under abnormal operating conditions; or
single fault conditions.
TS2 - Thermal energy source where the temperature exceeds the TS1 limits; and under
normal operating conditions, abnormal operating conditions or single fault conditions the
temperature does not exceed the TS2 limits. Where the malfunction of the equipment is evident, no
limits apply.
TS3 - Thermal energy source where the temperature exceeds the TS2 limits in Table 38 under
normal operating conditions or under abnormal operating conditions, or under single fault
conditions.
TÜV SÜD
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
Thank you for
listening
Matthew Emery
Product Safety Specialist
TÜV SÜD Product Service
+44 (0)1489 558128
Matthew.emery@tuv-sud.co.uk
TÜV SÜD Product Service
15-07-15
Customer Day 2015
Slide 46