DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
(Rachna College of Engineering & Technology, Gujranwala)
Lab: Analog Electronics
Name :
Design By: Muhammad Ansir
Grade:
Reg.#
Date:
Lab 13: To Study The Transistor As An Integrator.
Objective: In this lab you will learn how to use transistor as an integrator in a circuit.
Theory:
In integrator circuits, the op-amp
amp circuit would generate an output voltage proportional to the
magnitude and duration that an input voltage signal has deviated from 0 volts. Stated differently,
a constant input signal would generate a certain rate of change in the output voltage:
differentiation in reverse. Electronic analog integrators were the basis of analog computers
computers.
Recall the charge on the capacitor is
Q=ICT
also
Q=CVC
VC=(IC/C)T
The formula for determining voltage output for the integrator is as follows:
The integrator is mostly used in analog computers, analog-to-digital
digital converters and waveshaping circuits.
Circuit Diagram:
Components:
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Op-amp IC 741,
Resistors R1=12.5kΩ, R2=270kΩ, R3=12kΩ
Capacitor 0.1µF
Function Generator
Oscilloscope
Bread board & wires
Lab Tasks:
1) Construct the circuit diagram of the given experiment and note the specifications of the
given accessories.
2) Simulate your circuit diagram on Proteus ISIS and note all the graphs.
3) Give saw-tooth wave at the input and observe the rectangular wave at the output.
4) Perform hardware implementation in the lab and note the graphs on oscilloscope and
compare these graphs with that of Proteus’ graphs.
5) Make experiment on practical copy and also paste graphs of Proteus and oscilloscope
separately on practical copy.
Conclusions:
Write down the summary, general observation and conclusion about the results obtained in
this experiment. Compare your results with the hand calculated results and simulated
results on graphs.
Activity:
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Perform the above experiment with different values of R1 ad R2 and transistor.
Write down some of the applications of the above configuration.
Give different waveforms at the inputs and observe the output waveform.
___________________
(Signature of Teacher)
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(Signature of Lab Assistant)