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BLAKE’S WORD BANK
by Peter Clutterbuck
Upper Primary
Blake's Word Bank is an essential teaching resource
which will enrich your language lessons and
provide word lists for all your needs—planning
lessons, designing classroom activities, and
extension, reinforcement and enrichment work.
The word lists are grouped in four sections for ease
of use:
Sounds—including vowel sounds, digraphs and
blends.
Spelling—including homophones, compound words,
plurals and frequently misspelt words.
Grammar—including common, abstract and proper
nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs.
Vocabulary—including synonyms, antonyms,
prefixes, suffixes, palindromes and eponyms.
Also available:
Blake’s Word Bank Lower Primary
Blake’s Word Bank Middle Primary
Peter Clutterbuck
Other series by
Peter Clutterbuck
Grammar with a Grin
Good Grammar!
Spelling Success!
Understanding Science
ISBN 978-1-86509-773-2
9
781865 097732
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© Peter Clutterbuck and Blake Education 2000
Reprinted 2007
Blake’s Word Bank: Upper
ISBN-13: 978 1 86509 773 2
ISBN-10: 1 86509 773 X
Blake Education
Locked Bag 2022
Glebe NSW 2037
www.blake.com.au
Publisher: Sharon Dalgleish
Editors: Diana Grivas and Tricia Dearborn
Designed and illustrated by Jobi Murphy
Printed by Bekaam Printers
Reproduction and communication for educational purposes
The Australian Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) allows a maximum of one chapter or 10% of the
pages of this work, whichever is the greater, to be reproduced and/or communicated by any
educational institution for its educational purposes provided that the educational institution
(or the body that administers it) has given a remuneration notice to Copyright Agency
Limited (CAL) under the Act.
For details of the CAL licence for educational institutions contact:
Copyright Agency Limited
Level 19, 157 Liverpool Street
Sydney NSW 2000
Telephone: (02) 9394 7600
Facsimile: (02) 9394 7601
E-mail: info@copyright.com.au
Reproduction and communication for other purposes
Except as permitted under the Act (for example a fair dealing for the purposes of study,
research, criticism or review) no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, communicated or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written
permission. All inquiries should be made to the publisher at the address above.
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Contents—An Overview
Detailed List of Contents
How to Use Blake’s Word Bank
4
8
Part One—Sounds
45 Sounds of the English Language
Vowel Sounds
Vowel Digraphs
Consonant Digraphs
Consonant Blends
Other Consonant Sounds
Some Other Important Sounds
Part Two—Spelling
12
13
15
24
37
45
62
67
72
73
77
78
79
82
88
89
91
93
94
The 200 Most Used Words
Homophones
Compound Words
Silent Letters
Words with Double Consonants
Contractions
Plurals
Spelling Rules
Frequently Misspelt Words
Graded Word Lists
Part Three—Grammar
100
101
110
111
112
118
122
123
Nouns
Pronouns
Prepositions
Verbs
Adjectives
Adverbs
Conjunctions
Part Four—Vocabulary
124
125
127
128
132
136
137
138
138
139
140
141
Synonyms
Antonyms
Prefixes
Suffixes
Homographs
Anagrams
Onomatopoeia
Palindromes
Portmanteau Words
Phobias
Eponyms
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45 Sounds of the
English Language
Vowel Sounds
Sound
Words
/a/ (short)
/e/ (short)
/i/ (short)
/o/ (short)
/u/ (short)
/a/ (long)
/e/ (long)
/i/ (long)
/o/ (long)
/u/ (long)
/air/
/ar/
/er/
/oi/
/oo/ (long)
/oo/ (short)
/or/
cat, mat, apple
peg, bed, head, said
fig, women, build, busy, mystery
dog, wash
rub, come, young
snake, train, stay
eve, cheese, flea, she, lazy
bind, pie, time, by, dye, buy, thigh
go, toe, cone, coat, low, though, yeoman
fuel, cue, cute, few, pneumonia
stair, care, where, wear, heir
far, pass, palm
her, bird, fur, word, journey, heard
boil, boy
boot, through, do, soup, blue, grew
look, put, woman, should
for, haul, raw, chalk, ball, board, door, pour,
bore, war, ought
cow, loud, bough
/ow/
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Consonant Blends
—Final and Medial
/mp/ blend
amp
blimp
chump
cramp
crimp
frump
hemp
hump
imp
pamper
pomp
primp
ramp
revamp
romp
rump
sample
scamp
scrimp
shrimp
skimpy
slump
sump
swamp
tamper
tramp
trump
/nd/ blend
abound
almond
amend
attend
beyond
bland
bound
brand
command
commend
compound
comprehend
contend
correspond
demand
descend
diamond
errand
extend
fend
frond
fund
gland
grind
ground
hind
island
mound
pound
refund
remind
rotund
strand
trend
withstand
wound
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Other Consonant Sounds
—Final and Medial
‘nce’
absence
abundance
advance
ambulance
appliance
arrogance
assistance
audience
balance
coincidence
commence
conference
confidence
consequence
convenience
convince
defence
enhance
entrance
essence
evidence
experience
difference
finance
influence
instance
intelligence
lance
licence
nuisance
obedience
offence
presence
pronounce
province
reference
residence
romance
sentence
sequence
silence
stance
substance
tolerance
violence
‘nch’
blanch
cinch
clench
clinch
drench
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entrench
French
haunch
lynch
paunch
quench
retrench
scrunch
stench
trench
wrench
winch
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Homophones
Note: Homophones are words that
sound the same but have different
spellings and different meanings.
aisle
air
birth
border
bore
born
bridle
bury
caught
cereal
council
due
formally
freeze
gamble
great
hanger
him
holy
key
idle
lane
lesson
mare
metal
isle
I’ll
heir
berth
boarder
boar
borne
bridal
berry
court
serial
counsel
dew
formerly
frieze
gambol
grate
hangar
hymn
wholly
quay
idol
lain
lessen
mayor
mettle
minor
miner
moose
mousse
more
moor maw
morning
mourning
muscle
mussel
navel
naval
night
knight
patients
patience
pedal
peddle
presents
presence
principle
principal
profit
prophet
root
route
sight
site cite
stationary
stationery
stork
stalk
taught
taut
threw
through
time
thyme
vain
vein vane
wave
waive
whale
wail
whose
who’s
weather whether wether
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Contractions
Contractions are formed when one or more letters are
omitted from a word or phrase and replaced with an
apostrophe. The following are examples of common
contractions.
88
Word or
phrase
Contraction
Word or
phrase
Contraction
I am
you are
she is, he is
we are
they are
it is
here is
that is
who is
is not
are not
was not
cannot
could not
do not
does not
did not
has not
had not
will not
would not
I’m
you’re
she’s, he’s
we’re
they’re
it’s
here’s
that’s
who’s
isn’t
aren’t
wasn’t
can’t
couldn’t
don’t
doesn’t
didn’t
hasn’t
hadn’t
won’t
wouldn’t
I have
you have
she has, he has
we have
they have
I had
you had
she had, he had
we had
they had
I will
you will
she will, he will
we will
they will
I would
you would
she had, he had
we had
they had
I’ve
you’ve
she’s, he’s
we’ve
they’ve
I’d
you’d
she’d, he’d
we’d
they’d
I’ll
you’ll
she’ll, he’ll
we’ll
they’ll
I’d
you’d
she’d, he’d
we’d
they’d
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Spelling Rules
(a) Use i before e except after c when the sound is ee.
i before e
mischief, handkerchief, niece
except after c when the sound is ee
conceit, receipt, receive
(An exception to this rule is ‘weird’.)
When the sound is ay the words are usually spelled ‘ei’,
for example reign.
(b) When a single syllable word has a single vowel and
ends in a single consonant, double the consonant when
adding a suffix that begins with a vowel or with y.
hop fi hopping fi hopped
bag fi baggy
But if the suffix itself begins with a consonant, this rule
does not apply, for example:
wonder + ful = wonderful
glad + ly = gladly
(See also rule (f).)
(c) When a word has more than one syllable and the accent
falls in the last syllable, double the first consonant when
adding a suffix, for example:
refer + ing = referring
(d) A final y preceded by a consonant becomes i when a suffix
is added, except in the case of the suffix ing, for example:
bury fi buried
lovely fi lovelier
but carry + ing = carrying.
carry fi carried
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Part Three
Grammar
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Nouns
Common Nouns
Note: A common noun is the name of
any ordinary thing you can see and
touch.
aeroplane
airport
ambulance
aquarium
atmosphere
bannister
bathroom
bedroom
chalkboard
bridge
builder
calendar
camera
caravan
carton
cassettes
certificate
chalk
church
closet
continent
country
cricket
cyclone
diary
dictionary
dressing gown
dustpan
envelope
equator
eraser
farmer
fireplace
football
freezer
garage
garbage bin
goal posts
greenhouse
hallway
handbag
helicopter
highway
horse
hurricane
jewellery
kitchen
letterbox
library
lifeboat
lighthouse
lightning
mantelpiece
meteor
minerals
netball court
notebook
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Nouns
Common Nouns (continued)
office
parachute
photograph
playground
plumber
post office
pot plants
projector
purse
pyjamas
railway
rainforest
razor
refrigerator
rocket
sander
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school
scissors
screwdriver
shampoo
skyscraper
slippers
soccer
speakers
speedboat
sports ground
stereo
suit
swamp
swimming pool
tea towel
teapot
telegraph pole
telephone
television
toiletries
toothbrush
trousers
tyres
vegetables
video
volcano
wallet
wardrobe
washing
machine
wheelbarrow
window
workbench
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Nouns
Common Nouns—Animals
alligator
antelope
bandicoot
caterpillar
centipede
cheetah
chimpanzee
cockroach
crocodile
cuckoo
dinosaur
dragonfly
eagle
echidna
goanna
grasshopper
guinea pig
hippopotamus
jaguar
jellyfish
locust
marsupial
mosquito
numbat
octopus
pelican
penguin
platypus
porpoise
reindeer
seahorse
scorpion
shark
squirrel
swordfish
Tasmanian devil
termite
tortoise
weasel
witchetty grub
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Nouns
Proper nouns
Note: A proper noun is the special name of a
specific person, place or thing. Proper nouns
begin with a capital letter.
Countries
Argentina
Australia
Austria
Baghdad
Belgium
Brazil
Britain
Cambodia
Canada
Chile
China
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
East Timor
England
Egypt
Ethiopia
Fiji
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France
Gambia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Hungary
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Jamaica
Kenya
Latvia
Lebanon
Libya
Lithuania
Mali
Malaysia
Malta
Mexico
Morocco
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nigeria
North Korea
Norway
Pakistan
Papua New
Guinea
Philippines
Peru
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Samoa
Scotland
Senegal
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Singapore
Somalia
South Africa
South Korea
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
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Syria
Thailand
Tonga
Tunisia
Turkey
Ukraine
United States of
America
Vanuatu
Vietnam
Wales
Yugoslavia
Zimbabwe
Cities
Adelaide
Amsterdam
Athens
Auckland
Bangkok
Barcelona
Beijing
Beirut
Belfast
Berlin
Bombay
Brisbane
Cairo
Chicago
Darwin
Delhi
Dili
Dublin
Edinburgh
Florence
Frankfurt
Havana
Jakarta
Jerusalem
Johannesburg
London
Los Angeles
Madrid
Manila
Melbourne
Montreal
Moscow
New York
Paris
Perth
Port Moresby
Prague
Rio de Janeiro
Rome
Sydney
Tokyo
Toronto
Vancouver
Vienna
Warsaw
Washington
Wellington
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Nouns
Languages
Afrikaans
Arabic
Bahasa Indonesia
Chinese (Mandarin and
Cantonese)
Croatian
Czech
Danish
Dutch
English
Filipino
Finnish
Flemish
French
German
Greek
Hebrew
Hindi
Hindustani
Hungarian
Icelandic
Italian
Japanese
106 Blake’s Word Bank—Upper Primary
Khmer
Korean
Kurdish
Malay
Malta
Maori
Norwegian
Persian
Polish
Portuguese
Romanian
Russian
Samoan
Serbian
Spanish
Swahili
Swedish
Thai
Tongan
Turkish
Urdu
Vietnamese
Welsh
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Nouns
Celebrations
All Saints’ Day
Anzac Day
Australia Day
Bastille Day
Boxing Day
Buddha’s Birthday
(Waisak/Wesak/Vesak Day)
Chinese New Year
Christmas Day
Christmas Eve
Easter
Emperor’s Birthday (Japan)
Halloween
Hanukkah
Jewish Day of Atonement
(Yom Kippur)
Jewish New Year (Rosh
Hashanah)
Jewish Passover
May Day
Melbourne Cup Day
Muslim New Year
(Muharram)
New Year’s Day
Queen’s Birthday
(Australia and UK)
Ramadan
Remembrance Day
Shrove Tuesday
St Patrick’s Day
St Valentine’s Day
Thanksgiving Day
Waitangi Day
Terms of Address
Captain
Dame
Dr/Doctor
Father
Lady
Lord
Judge/Justice
Madam
Master
Miss
Mr
Mrs
Ms
Reverend
Sir
Your Highness
Your Honour
Your Worship
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Nouns
Abstract Nouns
Note: An abstract noun is the name of
something that can’t be recognised by the
five senses—you can’t touch, taste, hear, smell
or see it—it can only be recognised by the
mind, for example, love, anger, honesty.
affection
boredom
confidence
consideration
danger
despair
dismay
distress
excitement
experience
failure
gladness
happiness
honesty
imagination
kindness
laziness
loneliness
peril
pleasure
possibility
satisfaction
Collective Nouns
Note: A collective noun is the name given to a
group of persons or things.
assembly
bevy
bouquet
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committee
congregation
convoy
meeting
organisation
quiver
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Nouns
Collective Nouns—Groups of Animals
barren (mules)
bevy (quail)
business (ferrets)
charm (finches)
covey (partridges)
down (hares)
drift (wild pigs)
flight (doves, swallows)
gaggle (geese)
game (swans)
glaring (cats)
host (sparrows)
kennel (hounds)
kindle (kittens)
kit (pigeons)
labour (moles)
muster (peacocks)
rookery (penguins, seals)
shoal (fish)
skulk (foxes)
sloth (bears)
tiding (magpies)
troop (kangaroos, monkeys)
unkindness (ravens)
watch (nightingales)
wedge (swans in flight)
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Pronouns
Note: A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun.
Common Pronouns
Note: If a pronoun is the subject or part of the subject of a
sentence, it is in the nominative case, for example ‘she’ in ‘ She is
coming to my house.’ If a pronoun is the object or indirect object
of a sentence, it is in the objective case, for example ‘her’ in ‘I will
play with her .’
Nominative
First person
(speaking)
Second person
(spoken to)
Objective
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
I
we
me
us
you
you
you
you
they
her, him, it
them
Third person
she, he, it
(spoken about)
Possessive Pronouns
Note: Possessive pronouns show ownership.
Singular
Plural
First person
(speaking)
mine
ours
Second person
(spoken to)
yours
yours
Third person
(spoken about)
hers, his, its
theirs
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Present tense
Past tense
Past participle
Present
Participle
give
go
grow
hang (person)
hang (thing)
hide
hold
hurt
kneel
know
lay
leave
lie
ride
ring
rise
run
see
seek
sew
show
sing
sink
speak
spring
steal
strike
swear
swell
swim
take
teach
tear
think
throw
tread
weave
wind
wring
write
gave
went
grew
hanged
hung
hid
held
hurt
knelt
knew
laid
left
lay
rode
rang
rose
ran
saw
sought
sewed
showed
sang
sank
spoke
sprang
stole
struck
swore
swelled
swam
took
taught
tore
thought
threw
trod
wove
wound
wrung
wrote
given
gone
grown
hanged
hung
hidden
held
hurt
knelt
known
laid
left
lain
ridden
rung
risen
run
seen
sought
sewn
shown
sung
sunk
spoken
sprung
stolen
struck
sworn
swollen
swum
taken
taught
torn
thought
thrown
trodden
woven
wound
wrung
written
giving
going
growing
hanging
hanging
hiding
holding
hurting
kneeling
knowing
laying
leaving
lying
riding
ringing
rising
running
seeing
seeking
sewing
showing
singing
sinking
speaking
springing
stealing
striking
swearing
swelling
swimming
taking
teaching
tearing
thinking
throwing
treading
weaving
winding
wringing
writing
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Synonyms
abandon
abbreviate
abundant
abuse
advance
altitude
annual
assistance
attempt
basis
blew
brief
calm
cheat
choice
circular
city
commence
conceal
conclusion
disaster
dress
drink
drowsy
early
employ
excavate
expect
÷ leave
÷ shorten
÷ plentiful
÷ mistreat
÷ proceed
÷ height
÷ yearly
÷ help
÷ endeavour
÷ foundation
÷ gusted
÷ short
÷ tranquil
÷ deceive
÷ option
÷ round
÷ metropolis
÷ begin
÷ hide
÷ end
÷ catastrophe
÷ attire
÷ beverage
÷ sleepy
÷ premature
÷ hire
÷ dig
÷ anticipate
famous
fasten
fierce
follow
forbid
force
frightened
gamble
gathering
ghost
gratitude
greed
home
inquire
insolent
interior
join
journey
lessen
loathe
margin
minimum
minor
miserable
mistake
nuisance
obtain
odour
÷ celebrated
÷ attach
÷ ferocious
÷ pursue
÷ prohibit
÷ compel
÷ scared
÷ bet
÷ assembly
÷ apparition
÷ thankfulness
÷ avarice
÷ abode
÷ ask
÷ cheeky
÷ inside
÷ connect
÷ trip
÷ diminish
÷ hate
÷ edge
÷ least
÷ petty
÷ wretched
÷ error
÷ pest
÷ procure
÷ smell
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Portmanteau Words
Note: A portmanteau word is a word made by
telescoping or blending two other words, for
example automatic + bank fi autobank.
bookmobile fi
breathalyser fi
brunch fi
heliport fi
hi-fi fi
Medicare fi
moped fi
motel fi
o’clock fi
paratroops fi
smog fi
squiggle fi
telecast fi
book and mobile
breath and analyser
breakfast and lunch
helicopter and airport
high fidelity
medical and care
motor and pedal
motor and hotel
of the clock
parachute and troops
smoke and fog
squirm and wriggle
television and broadcast
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Page 1
BLAKE’S WORD BANK
by Peter Clutterbuck
Upper Primary
Blake's Word Bank is an essential teaching resource
which will enrich your language lessons and
provide word lists for all your needs—planning
lessons, designing classroom activities, and
extension, reinforcement and enrichment work.
The word lists are grouped in four sections for ease
of use:
Sounds—including vowel sounds, digraphs and
blends.
Spelling—including homophones, compound words,
plurals and frequently misspelt words.
Grammar—including common, abstract and proper
nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs.
Vocabulary—including synonyms, antonyms,
prefixes, suffixes, palindromes and eponyms.
Also available:
Blake’s Word Bank Lower Primary
Blake’s Word Bank Middle Primary
Peter Clutterbuck
Other series by
Peter Clutterbuck
Grammar with a Grin
Good Grammar!
Spelling Success!
Understanding Science
ISBN 978-1-86509-773-2
9
781865 097732