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To my daughter Karen
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REINFORCED
CONCRETE
FOUNDATIONS
BRIAN J. BELL
M.Phil., C.Eng., M.I.C.E., F.I.Struct.E., F.S.E.
Senior Lecrurer a t rhe Polyrechnic
of rhe Sourh Bank
Foreword by
M . J. SMITH
M.Sc., C. Eng., M.I.C.E., M.I.Struct.E.
Second Edition
GEORGE GODWIN LIMITED
The book publishing subsidiary
of The Builder Group
CONTENTS
fOREWORD BY M. L SMITH
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITIO
lNTRODUCTION TO LIMI T STA TE DESIGN ( CP Il 0)
l.
AN INTRODUCTION TO FOUNDA TIONS
T ypes of foundation and their specific uses
Depth of foundations
Soils and bearing capacity
Settlement problems
2.
!SOLA TED COLUMN BASE UNDER AXIAL LOADING
Determination of base size
Bending and shear conditions
Bases on mass concrete sub-base
v
vii
xi
l
l
12
12
16
22
22
22
28
3. ISOLATED FOUNDATION TRANSMITTING BENDINO MOMENT
FROM ANY DIRECTION
Soil pressure conditions
Bending moment equation
4.
fOUNDATIONS WITH BENDI G IN ONE PARTICULAR PLANE
Compatibility equations for eccentricity
Retaining walls
Factors causing failure of a retaining wall
Basic dimensions for cantilever retaining walls
Design features for various types of retain ing wall
Design procedure and requirements for a cantilever
retaining wall
Counterforted and buttressed walls
5.
THE STRIP FOOTING
Footing under continuous loading
Continuous footing for equally spaced columns,
rectangular section
Equally spaced columns with "T" beam footings
Footing for two columns only
l
6.
COMBINED TRAPEZOIDAL FOUNDA TIONS
Slab base with longitudinal spine beam
Continuous slab base over transverse beam supports
ix
35
35
36
45
45
48
50
52
56
57
58
92
95
101
108
113
129
130
143
CONTENTS
x
7. BALANCED FOOTINGS
Balanced footing using adjacent column
Balanced footing using a mass concrete counterweight
Columns con nected by stiffening beam on a fulcrum
base
157
160
173
8. THE RAFT FOUNDATI ON
Flat slab construction (3.6, CP 110)
Continuous frame analysis (3 .6.5. C P Il O)
Beam and slab construction
Design conditions for a deep cellular raft construction
Non -symmetrical Joading arrangement
187
188
202
207
227
232
9. PILED FOUNDATIONS
Orthodox piling: precast dri ven piles
Orthodox piling: in-situ piles
Large diameter piles
The stability of pile groups
Pile cap loading and pile capacity
Design of pile caps
Eccentrically loaded pile groups
Raking pile systems
236
238
245
249
251
255
256
263
283
181
APPENDIX: Design tables
303
INDEX
311
l
x