5/27/2015
SMART ENERGY SYSTEMS FOR LARGESCALE RENEWABLE ENERGY INTEGRATION
–
- H O W C AN E L E C T R I C I T Y G R I D S AN D D I S T R I C T H E AT I N G S Y S T E M S B E
O P T I M I S E D I N AN I N T E G R AT E D WAY ?
BRIAN VAD MATHIESEN,
bvm@plan.aau.dk
European Commission conference:
Technology Challenges and Regional Approaches for Integrating Renewables
and Energy Security, THON Hotel BRUSSELS, MAY/27 2015
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY PLANNING RESEARCH GROUP, AALBORG UNIVERSITY
KEY CHALLENCES
1. Key enabling technologies towards
2030?
2. Potential disruptive technology
developments looking towards
2030?
3. Main barriers to further integration
of variable renewable electricity in
a 2020 and 2030 perspective?
2
1
5/27/2015
RECOMMENDATIONS I
• Make CHP (and PP) unit regulation depend
on wind power input (10-20% wind without
loss of efficiency)
• Add large scale heat pumps (and heat
storage capacity) to the CHP units (approx.
40 per cent Wind Power)
• Use electricity for transport
as much as possible
• Other kinds of flexible
demands are of less
importance
Surplus Electricity Production
Including grid-stbilisation
50
Per cent
40
Ref
DKVreg
30
+HPreg
Trans
20
10
0
0
20
40
60
Wind power per cent
80
100
RECOMMENDATIONS II
System operational savings (excess electricity price of 13 EUR/MWh)
(All technologies have annual costs of 14 Million EUR/year)
40
30
20
10
P5
P6
EB
2
EL
C
1
EL
C2
EL
C3
E
LC
4
E
B3
H
21
C
AE
S1
EL
C
5
H
2
C -2
AE
S
2
EB
4
H
H
P3
P2
P4
H
B1
H
H
P1
0
E
million EUR/year
50
H
• Not much gained (integration of wind nor
profit) from investing in
electricity storage options
including batteries
• However the inclusion of
CHP, heat pumps and
transportation units in
securing grid stability is
essential.
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5/27/2015
RECOMMENDATIONS III
• The kind of flexibility one need from a
technical point of view (CHP, HP and
transport) is the same kind of flexibility
which is needed to raise profits of exchange
in international electricity or gas markets.
• Interconnections will not help the integration
of more wind but rather help share capacity
and/or force a market opening through.
Marginal trade income
Miolion DKK
300
Reference
250
350 MW HP
CHPregB
CHPregBnet
200
Costs
150
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15
Wind Input (TWh)
RECOMMENDATIONS IV
• In the medium long term
perspective RES electricity has
to be transformed into RES
gases and liquid fuels (in
combination with biomass) to
supplement the limited biomass
resource. Such conversion
opens for the use of gas storage
and liquid fuel storage.
• Hydrogen should not be used
directly and not be used in
micro-CHP.
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5/27/2015
COMBINED HEAT & POWER (CHP) - REGULATION
Low Wind Scenario
High Wind Scenario
Wind Power
Wind Power
Electricity Demand
Electricity Demand
CHP Plant
CHP Plant
Hot Water Demand
Thermal Storage
Hot Water Demand
Thermal Storage
TRANSITION FROM A CENTRALISED ENERGY
SYSTEM TO A PARTLY DE-CENTRALISED
SYSTEM BASED ON RENEWABLE ENERGY
STATUS 2014:
•
>39% WIND POWER
•
MORE THAN 100.000 WIND
TURBINE OWNERS
•
HIGH SHARE OF OFFSHORE
•
30% DISTRIBUTED
OPERATION AND APP. 50%
FROM CHP
•
MORE THAN 60% HAS
DISTRICT HEATING
•
LARGE SHARE OF HEAT
SAVINGS
8
4
5/27/2015
RENEWABLE ENERGY STRATEGIES
FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN
EUROPE
Savings in Energy Denmand
Efficiency
improvements
in energy
production
FLEXIBLE
TECHNOLOGIES
INTEGRATED
ENERGY
SYSTEMS
Renewable
energy
sources (RES)
STUDY FOR THE STUDY
EU27 FOR THE EU27
by
H E AT R O A D M AP C H I N A
Aalborg University David Connolly
Brian Vad Mathiesen
Poul Alberg Østergaard
Bernd Möller
Steffen Nielsen
Henrik Lund
Ecofys Germany GmbH
Jan Grözinger
Thosmas Boersmans
Michelle Bosquet
PlanEnergi
Daniel Trier
Halmstad University
Urban Persson
Daniel Nilsson
Sven Werner
– N E W H E AT S T R AT E G Y T O R E D U C E
E N E R G Y C O N S U M P T I O N T O WA R D S
2030
Tsinghua University Weiming Xiong
Yu Wang Xiliang Zhang Aalborg University
Brian Vad Mathiesen
Henrik Lund
David Connolly
-
DISSEMINATION
OF RESEARCH
-EU RESEARCH
STRATEGY
INFLUENCE AND
PROJECTS
- KNOWLEDGE AND
TECHNOLOGY
TRANSFER
5
5/27/2015
11
OPTIONS FOR SYSTEM INTEGRATION
Flexible
consumption
Transmission
abroad
Open energy system
35
Electricity
storage
Excess production (TWh)
V2G
30
25
20
15
10
Ref. CHP reg.
5
Ref. no CHP reg.
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Wind power production (TWh)
Production
of hydrogen
CAES
systems
Closed energy system
Regulation
of CHP
plants
285
Ref. CHP reg.
280
PES excl. wind (TWh)
Stopping
of wind
turbines
Ref. no CHP reg.
275
270
265
260
255
250
245
240
235
0
10
20
30
40
50
Wind power production (TWh)
Electric
cars
Heat
pumps
Electric
heating
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5/27/2015
OPTIONS FOR SYSTEM INTEGRATION
Flexible
consumption
Transmission
abroad
Open energy system
35
Electricity
storage
Excess production (TWh)
V2G
30
25
20
15
10
Ref. CHP reg.
5
Ref. no CHP reg.
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Wind power production (TWh)
Production
of hydrogen
CAES
systems
Closed energy system
Regulation
of CHP
plants
285
Ref. CHP reg.
280
PES excl. wind (TWh)
Stopping
of wind
turbines
Ref. no CHP reg.
275
270
265
260
255
250
245
240
235
0
10
20
30
40
50
Wind power production (TWh)
Electric
cars
Heat
pumps
Electric
heating
ENERGY STORAGE
THERMAL
STORAGE
1-4 €/KW H
PUMP HYDRO STORAGE
175 €/KW H
NATURAL GAS
UNDERGROUND STORAGE
0.05 €/KWH
OIL TANK
0.02 €/KWH
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5/27/2015
SMART ENERGY SYSTEMS
- T H E K E Y TO C O S T- E F F IC IE N T 1 0 0 %
R E N E WA B L E E N E R G Y
•
A sole focus on renewable electricity (smart grid)
production leads to electricity storage and flexible
demand solutions!
LEADS TO:
- ELECTRICIY
STORAGE,
- FLEXIBLE
DEMANDS
•
Looking at renewable electricity as a part smart
e n e r g y s y s t e m s i n c l u d i n g h e a t i n g , i n d u s t r y, g a s
and transportation opens for cheaper and better
solutions…
POW ER-TO-HEAT
POW ER-TO-GAS
POW ER-TO-TRANSPORT
SMART ENERGY SYSTEMS
- A R E C R U C I A L I N 1 0 0 % R E N E WA B L E
SOLUTION
ENERGY SYSTEMS
A cross‐sectoral and coherent energy system solution
– Smart Electricity Grids to connect flexible electricity demands such as heat pumps and electric vehicles to the intermittent renewable resources such as wind and solar power.
– Smart Thermal Grids (District Heating and Cooling) to connect the electricity and heating sectors. This enables thermal storage to be utilised for creating additional flexibility and heat losses in the energy system to be recycled.
– Smart Gas Grids to connect the electricity, heating, and transport sectors. This enables gas storage to be utilised for creating additional flexibility. If the gas is refined to a liquid fuel, then liquid fuel storages can also be utilised.
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5/27/2015
SMART ENERGY SYSTEMS
- A R E C R U C I A L I N 1 0 0 % R E N E WA B L E
SOLUTION
ENERGY SYSTEMS
A cross‐sectoral and coherent energy system solution
– Smart Electricity Grids to connect flexible electricity demands such as heat pumps and electric vehicles to the intermittent renewable resources such as wind and solar power.
SMART ENERGY SYSTEM IS DEFINED AS AN APPROACH IN WHICH SMART ELECTRICITY,
–
T H E R MSmart Thermal Grids (District Heating and Cooling) to AL AND GAS GRIDS ARE COMBINED AND COORDINATED TO IDENTIFY SYNERGIES
BETWE
EN THEM IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE AN OPTIMAL SOLUTION FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL
connect the electricity and heating sectors. This enables SECTOR AS WELL AS FOR THE OVERALL ENERGY SYSTEM.
thermal storage to be utilised for creating additional flexibility and heat losses in the energy system to be recycled.
– Smart Gas Grids to connect the electricity, heating, and transport sectors. This enables gas storage to be utilised for creating additional flexibility. If the gas is refined to a liquid fuel, then liquid fuel storages can also be utilised.
Electricity Consumption Capacity
• Twice as high capacity as the reference in 2050
• Incr. share of flexible consumption capacity
Electricity Consumption Capacity [MW]
25000
20000
Electric heating
15000
Electrolyzers
Electric vehicles
10000
Flexible demand
Heat pump
Electricity demand
5000
0
2010
2020
2030
2050
2010
Reference CEESA Recommendable
2020
2030
2050
18
9
5/27/2015
Electricity Consumption
• Reduction in traditional electricity demand
• Increase of new flexible demands
• Ensures flexibility for wind integration
90
Electricity consumption [TWh]
80
70
Export
60
Electric heating
50
Electrolyzers
40
Electric vehicles
30
Flexible demand
Heat pump
20
Electricity demand
10
‐
2010
2020
2030
2050
2010
2020
2030
2050
Reference CEESA Recommendable
19
1 0 0 % R E N E WA B LE EN E R G Y SC E N A R I OS IN
T H E C E E S A PR O J E C T 2 0 11
TRANSPORT:
ELECTRICITY AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE, BUT
GAS AND LIQUID FUELS ARE NEEDED TO
MAKE A TRANSITION.
WE CAN
REACH 100%
RENEWABLE
COST AND
FUEL
EFFICIENTLY
IN 2050
BIOMASS:
.. IS A LIMITED RESOURCE… AND CANNOT
COVER THE TRANSPORT SECTOR.…
CONSEQUENCE…
… ELECTRICITY FROM WIND AND OTHER RE
SHOULD BE CONVERTED INTO RE-GASSES
AND LIQUID FUELS IN THE LONG RUN..
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5/27/2015
ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED IN THE ENERGY
UNION…..
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CO2‐kvota markets only solve a very small part of the problem and only addresses certain sectors
New cables does not provide more renewable energy! The existing actors may not be able to lift the task (goes against existing business model)
Energy savings good for society cost but hard to implement
Existing marginal electricity price markets cannot survive as they are
Feed‐in‐tariff model under pressure from ignorant civil servants and industry
Public support and ownership needs a big boost
21
•
SM ART ENERGY
DENM ARK IN
2050?
•
SM ART ENERGY
EUROPE IN
2060?
WWW.SMARTENERGYSYSTEMS.EU
WWW.ENERGYPLAN.EU
WWW.4DH.DK
WWW.HEATROADM AP.EU
11
5/27/2015
ekstra
23
Electricity Production Capacity
• Increase of RE capacity
• Constant PP/CHP capacity
• Need for high flexibility in PP/CHP production
Electricity production capacity [MW]
30.000
25.000
20.000
PV+Wave
Wind
15.000
Condensing PP
CHP, Central
10.000
CHP, Decentral
Waste CHP
5.000
‐
2010
2020
2030
2050
2010
Reference CEESA Recommendable
2020
2030
2050
24
12
5/27/2015
Electricity Production
• Decreased production from PP/CHP
• Increase of total production
• 80% from wind, PV and wave power
90
Electricity production [TWh]
80
70
60
PV+Wave
50
Wind
40
Condensing PP
CHP, Central
30
CHP, Decentral
20
Waste CHP
10
‐
2010
2020
2030
2050
2010
Reference CEESA Recommendable
2020
2030
2050
25
13